I Ftevolutionai Scoverila By]Ikvo1ationfists G to * Howlivegrowowrerand

N . roe el! Reman I ftevolutionai scoverila by]ikVO1ationfists G to * HowlIVeGrowOwrErand. Is -and the Late Thea ft CeM Net InterestiftgP Have BOOM fros theSme Asesta About Fiii Homes Bel. Tbe Parts De Not Csmsrpead Wings, Pad wth Thes.f Land Vestebraste, and He.e& Fish Have Ues Flip Rseved fea the Plasa In Oor A..ss un and ,Whi" Ther merWsiy HI, Legs By Dr. W. '.a1. T H theory that man, In his ages-long evolution ftm amoeba to what be 3001 Is today, passed through a Ash-like stage, and that our arms ad hands were 4VIVed from the pOeal 20ef the Ash, gA" long been held by evolutionIsts. While Sldoes not shock as particularly to think he wondrous curves at beauty's arms * the siewy arms of the ape are his. g MJme 'it has been somewhat annoying to many med Fif purpose. There are the t6 feel that these same earves oame frem sad the fins of eshes. Repenas, of Whish 3b Sciencesi nothing for the aesthetic 611d part of the gumeat, has now definitely . e . s.:inosAm. M upset Oia i spthslt upon purely evidem- tial grount' We can now be assured that we ne true ashes, no matter how As.sset.9 hk S cold ## e world of man may some- tammU3eee times seeg. forefathers always had m some kind ew * and four of them, at that. Thep'a" hr !a been small, like the little salaAaeder'. of to-day-and, indeed. On Land AT there is very good reasot for thinking that some such, form as this was the original sa fe Effested ba Seets of bee of mas-but had One Kuea ? SasAh4the Wlk, Hel.s parent they potentialitie MNa and,~ of tihe Emeiest gevaeb W, Owe of Qe Swim for from them gradually evolved the an. MeIS n phibious animals from which reptile, birds, mammals and man arose. In fact, it Is rumored that Professo, Charles D. Walcott, secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution, Washington, has die- covered Slls of Just such a small four- leid creature in the pre-Cambrian rock ser the Hotel BanfE in the Canadian Rockies. This means that 75,000,000 years age-t1. ancestors of the people, who built this place disported themselves in the negOst seas In which these rocks were topped both by sediment and by upheaval These. is, of course, no posqible line of dsegent that one can trace between the occupants of the site and Its oig- przsient The elmob .f the M "Adaptation for flying regnires that a time Theinal, evolution-smashing dictum LameicaN ein.ThedybtIw 11mb must be light and at the same Are strong enough to support a large surface whicha the scientists at the Amerkan sped b a abaeof te. * Mluseum of Natural History, New York, r#L as We CesOr of membrane -ar feathers spread for flight. have issued, reads as follows: aWima. Hence the Wing bones of birds of flight are just the "The fins of fishes are believed not to bugled themselves evol,- an adaptation just the eppouite of that of hollow, slender and long. as against have been derived from or to have the each medlioation being the use of fore limbs for swimming, where the passed 15g types to walk on two vallvre, short and stout. any stage comparable to those as birds and result of a peculiar need. It welt may be bas must be solid, through leg., such. "The vulture has a specialised passed through by the limbs df other verte- but to man was that the bird practically flies under water. highly men, only for and trates, but to have beem developed from It given to take food in his 1a motion, the feet are folded and extended fore limb adapted rapid powerful afolds- in the membrane." it in his behind the body for use as a rudder. flight, but flight only. Its wing has a broad fngers and put in For twenty years, at the American Mu- mouth. "tore limb, are broadly divided into sailing surface, being large proportion Sseum, those who study existing and ox- and The to the body, and long in proportion to its *tinuct animal life have been carefully col- When we examine the generalised snpeclalised type.. own width. Of its three digits, or fingers, lecting and preserving the fore limbs of fossils or the fore limbs simpe and more generalized the function two are small, and the three probably cor- every creature that has them. The first of the dinosanr types that the lower the form of lifle. More complI- respond to the third, fourth ad fifth fin- astorishing fact observed was that the 2 two hind eated and indicate gers bf the human hand. bones of fore limbs of walkec legs specialized functions existing creatures and tail ,ripod fshIion, the higher form of life. Thus, the- fore "Higher yet in specialisation is the fore were almost identical with the bones of limb wif the manatee, or sea cow, is more limb of the monkey, primarily adapted to the first of the fore limbs of the first rep- we find practically the specialized, while the fore limb of the grasping and climbing. The fingers are flight. Without pausing, by a alight twist *tiles on earth of millions of years ago. * J same bones there that besver is more generalized. The snapping long and somewhat eurved, the first fld- of the head w'htch sh'all not upset the Finally, when all of the types that have man, imians and birds turtle. eers another suasple of the gen- ger, or thumb, being In a slightly different centre of gravity,, the bird swipes a shell existed were compared, it was seen that eg have in their fore limbs to- oralised Tore limb, It. as no special modi- plane from the others, so that it may be or two when bungry instead of alighting *thsre were no relations between them and aday, only differently ar- Aicationa to adapt it for any speeial pur- opposed to them in seisigobjeets with a for a table d'hoto dinner. Of all Biers, the *the cartilage of the fins of first or later W., ranged according to their pose, such as flight. The fingers, or digits, firm hold. The bones of the forearm move upland p1ovet loads itself with the largest fishes. are much alike. '1e bones of the wrist or freely. abling easy eliaMbag. number of shells, making probably the Up to this time, as has been said, evolu- Ar e keTbt edue mr Flages same bornes at the upper ankle are numerous and similar to one an- "Still diferent I. the hmiliar coot, or longest and meat sustained migrations of tionists have placed certain ancient fish in $ia for and lower sections of the other. This was true of earlier reptiles, mud hen. Its toes, while not webbed, are all water-wadind birds. the line of ancestry of man, preeeding am- Onth arm, of the wrist, hand and there is but little motion possible be- all broadly lobed, se that wham brought The birds of Europe which migrate as- .phiblana, called Crossopterigil, or peculiar UtUsf in~ Flh.4s*s Lamg. Pe- and fingers. tween the bones of the forearm. together in the water they make a swim- semble for a tremendously long flight. Led sharks and ganolds that lived in the y Steered in still other CuatAis "The beaver is interesting, since he pre- ming foot. In the swan, the best of foods, by the eranes, Grus virge, they wing to Paleosoic Age. The reason for setting up they become paddles dr seats two type. of limbs fore and aft. Hi. acoording to the various kings of England, Asia, crossing the immease country be- the two forward-paired fias of the Cross- flippers for swimming. fore limb, are generalised and used in but a mere show bird in Ame~a, the par- tween the Angara, Baikal and Torel-Nor opterigil as ancestral, or, rather. side-line * Take theskinandfehof general locomotion and for grasping. The tially webbed foot has been developed. rivers, and finally the vast Mongolian ancestral, to the human arta and hand, was Whatever the %nor-limbed creature, was from the flipper of a whale and the skele- bind limb., or feet, are specialised for The three front toes are joined by a mem- Desert to the Rentet Mountains of liberta. that the basal supports of their fins had that ancestored us seventy million years tog In nearly that of your arm and hand. swimming. The toes are longer and brane. The pelican has a totipalmate, or Here the assemblage breaks up and species becosas fused. These fuse baa supports, ago in the Ore-Cambrian seas; his desoen- Just what inoditflans took place the stronger than in the fore limbs, and are comhpletely webbed foot. all your of Its toes separate, to find nesting places in cold hlowerer, were eartilage-t bone. dants were perfectly good amphibians, sueantists of the American Museum tell us united by folds of the skin, which create being connected by membranes." storage, according to whatever their an- We know that poeitivel, because two with good fore limbs and hind limb. in connectlen with a display or new exhibit a palmate surface, forming a paddle who" Ducks and geese, of course, are ouir most cestors selected. spesiesof these fish became what we call When they got tired of crawling they at their Hall of EVolution. They say: the toes are sbroad for swimming. These typical web-footed birds, but they can Walk It is in sach vast migrations of specie 'living fcesslls"--that is, still exist for ex- arose on their four legi on the banks of "It is assumed that the ancestor, of the arrangementa are those which make the on land and run as well as swim with that we see the wonders of small modifi'ea- amimates.

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