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Seeing Emoji Rendering Differences Across Platforms
What I See is What You Don’t Get: The Effects of (Not) Seeing Emoji Rendering Differences across Platforms HANNAH MILLER HILLBERG, GroupLens Research, University of Minnesota, USA ZACHARY LEVONIAN, GroupLens Research, University of Minnesota, USA DANIEL KLUVER, GroupLens Research, University of Minnesota, USA LOREN TERVEEN, GroupLens Research, University of Minnesota, USA BRENT HECHT, Northwestern University, USA Emoji are popular in digital communication, but they are rendered differently on different viewing platforms (e.g., iOS, Android). It is unknown how many people are aware that emoji have multiple renderings, or whether they would change their emoji-bearing messages if they could see how these messages render on recipients’ devices. We developed software to expose the multi-rendering nature of emoji and explored whether this increased visibility would affect how people communicate with emoji. Through a survey of 710 Twitter users who recently posted an emoji-bearing tweet, we found that at least 25% of respondents were unaware that the emoji they posted could appear differently to their followers. Additionally, after being shown how one of their tweets rendered across platforms, 20% of respondents reported that they would have edited or not sent the tweet. These statistics reflect millions of potentially regretful tweets shared per day because people cannot see emoji rendering differences across platforms. Our results motivate the development of tools that increase the visibility of emoji rendering differences across platforms, and we 1 contribute our cross-platform emoji rendering software to facilitate this effort. 124 CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing KEYWORDS Emoji; computer-mediated communication; cross-platform; rendering; invisibility of system status ACM Reference format: Hannah Miller Hillberg, Zachary Levonian, Daniel Kluver, Loren Terveen and Brent Hecht. -
Hearsay in the Smiley Face: Analyzing the Use of Emojis As Evidence Erin Janssen St
St. Mary's Law Journal Volume 49 | Number 3 Article 5 6-2018 Hearsay in the Smiley Face: Analyzing the Use of Emojis as Evidence Erin Janssen St. Mary's University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.stmarytx.edu/thestmaryslawjournal Part of the Civil Procedure Commons, Courts Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Evidence Commons, Internet Law Commons, Judges Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal Remedies Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Erin Janssen, Hearsay in the Smiley Face: Analyzing the Use of Emojis as Evidence, 49 St. Mary's L.J. 699 (2018). Available at: https://commons.stmarytx.edu/thestmaryslawjournal/vol49/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the St. Mary's Law Journals at Digital Commons at St. Mary's University. It has been accepted for inclusion in St. Mary's Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Commons at St. Mary's University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Janssen: Analyzing the Use of Emojis as Evidence COMMENT HEARSAY IN THE SMILEY FACE: ANALYZING THE USE OF EMOJIS AS EVIDENCE ERIN JANSSEN* I. Introduction ............................................................................................ 700 II. Background ............................................................................................. 701 A. Federal Rules of Evidence ............................................................. 701 B. Free Speech and Technology ....................................................... -
{DOWNLOAD} the Amorous Heart : an Unconventional History of Love
THE AMOROUS HEART : AN UNCONVENTIONAL HISTORY OF LOVE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Marilyn Yalom | 288 pages | 09 Jan 2018 | INGRAM PUBLISHER SERVICES US | 9780465094707 | English | New York, United States The Amorous Heart : An Unconventional History of Love PDF Book This impressive book provides a story of the social evolution of the iconography of the heart, of the sexes in relation to our capacity to love; it serves to demonstrate our natural instinct for love and erotic expression. The Vatican Art Deck: Masterpieces. Close cookie policy overlay. Notify me of new comments via email. Can it? Comment Add a Comment. It traces the narratives of love associated with Eros and Cupid. We see it used as a verb on t-shirts "I [heart] New York" and in text messages the incredible variety of heart emojis. In The Amorous Heart , Marilyn Yalom tracks the heart metaphor and heart iconography across two thousand years, through Christian theology, pagan love poetry, medieval painting, Shakespearean drama, Enlightenment science, and into the present. Non-members: Enjoy a discount on our virtual events. Read More. How had the human heart become transformed into such a whimsical icon? In The Amorous Heart , Marilyn Yalom tracks the heart metaphor and heart iconography across two thousand years, through Christian theology, pagan love poetry, medieval painting, Shakespearean drama, Enlightenment science, and into the present. Marilyn Yalom's account of the heart's symbolization as the seat of passion takes us from antiquity to the Middle Ages to valentine kitsch of our own age. And its origins weren't exactly filled with passion:. -
Neural Substrates of Hanja (Logogram) and Hangul (Phonogram) Character Readings by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.10.1416 • J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29: 1416-1424 Neural Substrates of Hanja (Logogram) and Hangul (Phonogram) Character Readings by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Zang-Hee Cho,1 Nambeom Kim,1 The two basic scripts of the Korean writing system, Hanja (the logography of the traditional Sungbong Bae,2 Je-Geun Chi,1 Korean character) and Hangul (the more newer Korean alphabet), have been used together Chan-Woong Park,1 Seiji Ogawa,1,3 since the 14th century. While Hanja character has its own morphemic base, Hangul being and Young-Bo Kim1 purely phonemic without morphemic base. These two, therefore, have substantially different outcomes as a language as well as different neural responses. Based on these 1Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea; 2Department of linguistic differences between Hanja and Hangul, we have launched two studies; first was Psychology, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea; to find differences in cortical activation when it is stimulated by Hanja and Hangul reading 3Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi to support the much discussed dual-route hypothesis of logographic and phonological University, Sendai, Japan routes in the brain by fMRI (Experiment 1). The second objective was to evaluate how Received: 14 February 2014 Hanja and Hangul affect comprehension, therefore, recognition memory, specifically the Accepted: 5 July 2014 effects of semantic transparency and morphemic clarity on memory consolidation and then related cortical activations, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Address for Correspondence: (Experiment 2). The first fMRI experiment indicated relatively large areas of the brain are Young-Bo Kim, MD Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, Gachon activated by Hanja reading compared to Hangul reading. -
Emoji Article
20 Headnotes l D allas B ar A s s o c iatio n A pr il 2019 Do You Speak Emoji? District of Michigan determined that uses of emojis as evidence came dur- used by the plaintiffs in emails and BY CAROL PAYNE AND TERAH MOXLEY an emoticon—a “-D,” which the court ing a 2015 trial involving Silk Road, self-assessments as evidence that the It all started with a . Throw in a viewed as a wide open-mouth smile— an online black market. In that case, plaintiffs did not subjectively believe , , , , , and a and two would- “did not materially alter the meaning the federal district judge presiding over their working conditions were abusive. be renters in Tel Aviv found themselves of a text message” included in an affi- the trial sustained an objection by the So, what does all this mean? For on the wrong side of a judgment in davit in support of a search warrant. defense after the prosecutor read text one thing, employers should have favor of a landlord who took a vacant Conversely, in a 2014 opinion from messages without mentioning smiley- strong electronic communications apartment off the market based on a Michigan appellate court, a similar face emojis contained in the messages. policies that explicitly cover symbols enthusiastic text messages he received emoticon—“:P”—sank a defamation The judge instructed the jury that it like emojis and emoticons (and even from the prospective tenants. After the case brought by a public official. In should take note of any such symbols GIFs, hashtags, and memes). -
How to Speak Emoji : a Guide to Decoding Digital Language Pdf, Epub, Ebook
HOW TO SPEAK EMOJI : A GUIDE TO DECODING DIGITAL LANGUAGE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK National Geographic Kids | 176 pages | 05 Apr 2018 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007965014 | English | London, United Kingdom How to Speak Emoji : A Guide to Decoding Digital Language PDF Book Secondary Col 2. Primary Col 1. Emojis are everywhere on your phone and computer — from winky faces to frowns, cats to footballs. They might combine a certain face with a particular arrow and the skull emoji, and it means something specific to them. Get Updates. Using a winking face emoji might mean nothing to us, but our new text partner interprets it as flirty. And yet, once he Parenting in the digital age is no walk in the park, but keep this in mind: children and teens have long used secret languages and symbols. However, not all users gave a favourable response to emojis. Black musicians, particularly many hip-hop artists, have contributed greatly to the evolution of language over time. A collection of poems weaving together astrology, motherhood, music, and literary history. Here begins the new dawn in the evolution the language of love: emoji. She starts planning how they will knock down the wall between them to spend more time together. Irrespective of one's political standpoint, one thing was beyond dispute: this was a landmark verdict, one that deserved to be reported and analysed with intelligence - and without bias. Though somewhat If a guy likes you, he's going to make sure that any opportunity he has to see you, he will. Here and Now Here are 10 emoticons guys use only when they really like you! So why do they do it? The iOS 6 software. -
The Emoji Factor: Humanizing the Emerging Law of Digital Speech
The Emoji Factor: Humanizing the Emerging Law of Digital Speech 1 Elizabeth A. Kirley and Marilyn M. McMahon Emoji are widely perceived as a whimsical, humorous or affectionate adjunct to online communications. We are discovering, however, that they are much more: they hold a complex socio-cultural history and perform a role in social media analogous to non-verbal behaviour in offline speech. This paper suggests emoji are the seminal workings of a nuanced, rebus-type language, one serving to inject emotion, creativity, ambiguity – in other words ‘humanity’ - into computer mediated communications. That perspective challenges doctrinal and procedural requirements of our legal systems, particularly as they relate to such requisites for establishing guilt or fault as intent, foreseeability, consensus, and liability when things go awry. This paper asks: are we prepared as a society to expand constitutional protections to the casual, unmediated ‘low value’ speech of emoji? It identifies four interpretative challenges posed by emoji for the judiciary or other conflict resolution specialists, characterizing them as technical, contextual, graphic, and personal. Through a qualitative review of a sampling of cases from American and European jurisdictions, we examine emoji in criminal, tort and contract law contexts and find they are progressively recognized, not as joke or ornament, but as the first step in non-verbal digital literacy with potential evidentiary legitimacy to humanize and give contour to interpersonal communications. The paper proposes a separate space in which to shape law reform using low speech theory to identify how we envision their legal status and constitutional protection. 1 Dr. Kirley is Barrister & Solicitor in Canada and Seniour Lecturer and Chair of Technology Law at Deakin University, MelBourne Australia; Dr. -
A Comparative Study of the Interpretations of Emojis in Between U.S
International Journal of Literature and Arts 2020; 8(3): 108-118 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijla doi: 10.11648/j.ijla.20200803.12 ISSN: 2331-0553 (Print); ISSN: 2331-057X (Online) A Comparative Study of the Interpretations of Emojis in Between U.S. and Chinese Users Sherman Chui School of English for International Business, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China Email address: To cite this article: Sherman Chui. A Comparative Study of the Interpretations of Emojis in Between U.S. and Chinese Users. International Journal of Literature and Arts. Special Issue: Humanity and Science: China’s Intercultural Communication with the Outside World in the New Era. Vol. 8, No. 3, 2020, pp. 108-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijla.20200803.12 Received: February 27, 2020; Accepted: March 12, 2020; Published: April 8, 2020 Abstract: In recent years, Emojis have permeated online communications. They constantly show up in text messages, chats and emails, playing a significant role in business and daily interaction. Although designed to replace language text and to convert some universal emotions through icons, there are no rules governing people how to correctly define the sentiments behind them. Therefore, users with different cultural background may interpret emojis differently. This have often led to misinterpretation and miscommunication from different user groups. This study examines the correlation of the sentiments felt from a group of U.S. users versus a group of Chinese users by having them rate their sentiments from positive to negative for the top 15 most popularly used emojis. The survey was circulated in U.S. -
Emoji Symbols: Background Data
Emoji Symbols: Background Data Emoji Symbols: Background Data Background data for Proposal for Encoding Emoji Symbols N3xxx Date: 2010-Apr-27 Authors: Markus Scherer, Mark Davis, Kat Momoi, Darick Tong (Google Inc.) Yasuo Kida, Peter Edberg (Apple Inc.) This document reflects proposed Emoji symbols data as shown in FDAM8 which includes the disposition of FPDAM8 ballot comments and changes agreed during the San José WG2 meeting 56. The carrier symbol images in this file point to images on other sites. The images are only for comparison and may change. See the chart legend for an explanation of the data presentation in this chart. In the HTML version of this document, each symbol row has an anchor to allow direct linking by appending #e-4B0 (for example) to this page's URL in the address bar. Internal Symbol Name & Annotations DoCoMo KDDI SoftBank Google ID Enclosed alphanumeric symbols #123 #818 'Sharp dial' シャープダイヤル #403 #old196 # # # e-82C ⃣ HASH KEY 「shiyaapudaiyaru」 U+FE82C U+EB84 U+0023 U+E6E0 U+E210 SJIS-F489 JIS-7B69 U+20E3 SJIS-F985 JIS-7B69 SJIS-F7B0 unified (Unicode 3.0) #325 #134 #402 #old217 0 四角数字0 0 e-837 ⃣ KEYCAP 0 U+E6EB U+FE837 U+E5AC U+0030 SJIS-F990 JIS-784B U+E225 U+20E3 SJIS-F7C9 JIS-784B SJIS-F7C5 unified (Unicode 3.0) #125 #180 #393 #old208 1 '1' 1 四角数字1 1 e-82E ⃣ KEYCAP 1 U+FE82E U+0031 U+E6E2 U+E522 U+E21C U+20E3 SJIS-F987 JIS-767D SJIS-F6FB JIS-767D SJIS-F7BC unified (Unicode 3.0) #126 #181 #394 #old209 '2' 2 四角数字2 e-82F KEYCAP 2 2 U+FE82F 2⃣ U+E6E3 U+E523 U+E21D U+0032 SJIS-F988 JIS-767E SJIS-F6FC JIS-767E SJIS-F7BD -
Candlelight: Symbol of Consciousness in Holy, Protective Space
, 제7권 제2호 Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy 2016, 12, Vol. 7, No. 2, 87-106. Candlelight: Symbol of Consciousness in Holy, Protective Space Lee Na Kyoung* <Abstract> This study examined the symbolism of candlelight that is frequently observed in sand pictures. Candlelight represents light in the darkness of life, bright future, vitality of sun, or uncertainty and evanescence of life that can easily vanish. Birth and death of human being is compared to creation and extinction of candlelight. Candlelight that is lit at deathbed breaks darkness of death and it symbolizes the light in afterlife. As for the existing method of candlelight, it reveals its nature by burning itself. Hence, candle, which completes its existence through an encounter with flame, is an important symbol that shows birth, death, resurrection, and holiness. This study examined the symbolism of ‘candlelight’ from an aspect of analytical psychology by dividing into ‘Temenos’ as a holy protective space, ‘Initiation’ to death that is encountered at the process toward regeneration, and ‘Consciousness’ that naturally begins a noble evolution by converting unconscious characteristics of Self to be conscious. The paper analyzed the symbolism of candlelight by examining the sand pictures of client. Keywords : candlelight, temenos, initiation, consciousness * Corresponding Author: Lee Na Kyoung, Counselor-researcher, Mara Youth and Family Counseling Center ([email protected]) - 87 - Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy, Vol.7 No.2. Ⅰ. Introduction The candlelight symbolizes birth, death, resurrection, and sacredness. It also represents the light amid the darkness of life, bright future, vitality of the sun, or uncertainty of life and transience. Candles lit at the time of death give light to the darkness of death and symbolize the light in the afterlife. -
Pictographs, Ideograms, and Emojis (PIE): a Framework for Empirical Research Using Non-Verbal Cues
Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2021 Pictographs, Ideograms, and Emojis (PIE): A Framework for Empirical Research Using Non-verbal Cues Abstract declared the word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries1. We propose an empirical framework to understand the This was the first time a pictograph was chosen over a impact of non-verbal cues across various research textual word, indicating the rise of ideogrammatic icon contexts. A large percentage of communication on the usage on the Internet. Additionally, in 2016 alone, an Internet uses text-driven non-verbal communication estimated 2.3 trillion mobile messages used emojis2. cues often referred to as emojis. Our framework EmoJis encourage positive behavior, such as proposes two types of factors to understand the impact increased purchase intention online [7], but are also used of emojis. The first type consists of pictographs, for negative purposes, such as online advertising by ideograms, and emojis (PIE) factors such as usage, human traffickers [8]. Moreover, under different valence, position, and skin tone, and the second type contexts, emojis display different emotions [9]. This consists of contextual factors depending on the research varied usage of emojis across different domains raises context, such as fake news, which has high social several questions about their impact and purpose. Given impact. We discuss how the effect of PIE factors and their popularity and diverse purposes, it is important to contextual factors can be used to measure belief, trust, study the usage of this form of communication in greater reputation, and intentions across these contexts. detail. We propose a framework to study the impact of emojis across several domains using high level factors 1. -
Emoticon Style: Interpreting Differences in Emoticons Across Cultures
Emoticon Style: Interpreting Differences in Emoticons Across Cultures Jaram Park Vladimir Barash Clay Fink Meeyoung Cha Graduate School of Morningside Analytics Johns Hopkins University Graduate School of Culture Technology, KAIST [email protected] Applied Physics Laboratory Culture Technology, KAIST [email protected] clayton.fi[email protected] [email protected] Abstract emotion not captured by language elements alone (Lo 2008; Gajadhar and Green 2005). With the advent of mobile com- Emoticons are a key aspect of text-based communi- cation, and are the equivalent of nonverbal cues to munications, the use of emoticons has become an everyday the medium of online chat, forums, and social media practice for people throughout the world. Interestingly, the like Twitter. As emoticons become more widespread emoticons used by people vary by geography and culture. in computer mediated communication, a vocabulary Easterners, for example employ a vertical style like ^_^, of different symbols with subtle emotional distinctions while westerners employ a horizontal style like :-). This dif- emerges especially across different cultures. In this pa- ference may be due to cultural reasons since easterners are per, we investigate the semantic, cultural, and social as- known to interpret facial expressions from the eyes, while pects of emoticon usage on Twitter and show that emoti- westerners favor the mouth (Yuki, Maddux, and Masuda cons are not limited to conveying a specific emotion 2007; Mai et al. 2011; Jack et al. 2012). or used as jokes, but rather are socio-cultural norms, In this paper, we study emoticon usage on Twitter based whose meaning can vary depending on the identity of the speaker.