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Cakrawala Sejarah SMA XI IP Hak Cipta Pada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Dilindungi oleh Undang-undang Cakrawala Sejarah Untuk SMA/MA Kelas XI (Program IPS) Penulis : Wardaya Editor : Dra. Sugiharti, M.M. Setting & Layout : Heri Ambarwanto Desain Sampul : Muhammad Ikhsan, S.T. Ilustrator : Mulyanto Ukuran : 17,6 x 25 cm 959.800 7 WAR WARDAYA c Cakrawala Sejarah 2 : untuk SMA / MA Kelas XI ( Program IPS ) / penulis, Wardaya ; editor, Sugiharti ; illustrator, Mulyanto .— Jakarta : Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2009. vi, 178 hlm, : ilus. ; 25 cm Bibliografi : hlm. 172 Indeks ISBN: 978-979-068-670-0 (no jilid lengkap) ISBN: 978-979-068-672-4 1. Sejarah-Studi dan Pengajaran I. Judul II. Sugiharti III. Mulyanto Hak Cipta Buku ini telah dibeli oleh Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Dari Penerbit PT. WIDYA DUTA GRAFIKA Diterbitkan oleh Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2009 Diperbanyak oleh .... SAMBUTAN ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Puji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya, Pemerintah, dalam hal ini, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, pada tahun 2009, telah membeli hak cipta buku teks pelajaran ini dari penulis/penerbit untuk disebarluaskan kepada masyarakat melalui situs internet (website) Jaringan Pendidikan Nasional. Buku teks pelajaran ini telah dinilai oleh Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan dan telah ditetapkan sebagai buku teks pelajaran yang memenuhi syarat kelayakan untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran melalui Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 48 Tahun 2007 tanggal 5 Desember 2007. Kami menyampaikan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada para penulis/penerbit yang telah berkenan mengalihkan hak cipta karyanya kepada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional untuk digunakan secara luas oleh para siswa dan guru di seluruh Indonesia. Buku-buku teks pelajaran yang telah dialihkan hak ciptanya kepada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional ini, dapat diunduh (down load), digandakan, dicetak, dialihmediakan, atau difotokopi oleh masyarakat. Namun, untuk penggandaan yang bersifat komersial harga penjualannya harus memenuhi ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah. Diharapkan bahwa buku teks pelajaran ini akan lebih mudah diakses sehingga siswa dan guru di seluruh Indonesia maupun sekolah Indonesia yang berada di luar negeri dapat memanfaatkan sumber belajar ini. Kami berharap, semua pihak dapat mendukung kebijakan ini. Kepada para siswa kami ucapkan selamat belajar dan manfaatkanlah buku ini sebaik-baiknya. Kami menyadari bahwa buku ini masih perlu ditingkatkan mutunya. Oleh karena itu, saran dan kritik sangat kami harapkan. Jakarta,Juni 2009 Kepala Pusat Perbukuan PENGANTAR ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Para siswa, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan arus globalisasi telah membawa perubahan pada hampir semua aspek kehidupan manusia. Dalam hal ini, diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang lebih berkualitas. Salah satu cara membina sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas adalah dengan mempelajari sejarah, terutama sejarah bangsa sendiri. Buku Cakrawala Sejarah ini tidak hanya menyajikan informasi mengenai peristiwa- peristiwa bersejarah yang pernah terjadi dan mungkin Anda alami sendiri, namun juga mengajak Anda berpikir kritis dan analitis dalam memanfaatkan pengetahuan sejarah sebagai siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Dengan berpikir kritis dan analitis, Anda akan memiliki kemampuan intelektual dan keterampilan untuk memahami proses perubahan dan dinamika masyarakat. Agar Anda dapat lebih mudah memahami isi materi dalam buku ini, telah disediakan komponen-komponen tugas individu, tugas kelompok, diskusi, analisis, dan juga latihan ulangan yang berfungsi sebagai alat uji pemahaman Anda. Selain itu, ada pula rubrik Konsep dan Aktualita, Inskripsi, serta Sekilas Tokoh yang dapat memperkaya pengetahuan Anda. Disediakan pula Peta Konsep, Rangkuman, Glosarium, dan Indeks yang dapat membantu Anda untuk mempelajari lebih dalam dan mencari literatur lain yang berkaitan dengan materi tertentu. Semoga buku Cakrawala Sejarah ini dapat bermanfaat dan membantu Anda semua belajar dan meraih cita-cita di kemudian hari. Selamat belajar! Surakarta, Januari 2008 Penulis Pengantar iv A F T A R I S I KATA SAMBUTAN ............................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. iv DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ v Bab 1 Pengaruh Perkembangan Hindu-Buddha pada Masyarakat Indonesia A. Proses Perkembangan Budaya Hindu-Buddha .................................. 2 B. Proses Masuk dan Berkembangnya Agama serta Kebudayaan Hindu- Buddha di Indonesia .......................................................................... 7 C. Proses Interaksi Masyarakat di Berbagai Daerah dengan Tradisi Hindu-Buddha ................................................................................... 9 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 17 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 18 Bab 2 Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia A. Kerajaan-Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia ................................... 21 B. Runtuhnya Tradisi Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia ................................ 53 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 56 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 57 Latihan Ulangan Harian I ........................................................................................ 58 Bab 3 Proses Perkembangan Islam di Indonesia A. Proses Awal Penyebaran Islam di Kepulauan Indonesia ................... 63 B. Perkembangan Tradisi Islam di Berbagai Daerah dari Abad ke-15 sampai ke-18 ..................................................................................... 66 C. Akulturasi Kebudayaan Indonesia dengan Kebudayaan Islam dalam Aksara dan Seni Sastra ..................................................................... 67 D. Perkembangan Kehidupan Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam di Indonesia.... 68 E. Pengaruh Penyebaran Agama Islam .................................................. 81 F. Proses Interaksi antara Tradisi Lokal, Hindu-Buddha, dan Islam di Indonesia ........................................................................................... 85 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 87 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 88 Bab 4 Perkembangan Masyarakat Indonesia pada Masa Kolonial A. Kebijakan Pemerintah Kolonial di Indonesia .................................... 91 B Perkembangan Sistem Pemerintahan, Struktur Birokrasi, dan Sistem Hukum pada Masa Kolonial ............................................................. 98 C. Perlawanan terhadap Kolonial Belanda ............................................ 100 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 105 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 105 Daftar Isi v Latihan Ulangan Harian II ....................................................................................... 106 Bab 5 Pergerakan Kebangsaan Indoneia A. Munculnya Paham Baru.................................................................... 110 B. Munculnya Nasionalisme Asia .......................................................... 115 C. Munculnya Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia ...................................... 116 D. Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia .... 118 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 128 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 128 Bab 6 Pendudukan Jepang A. Kedatangan Jepang di Indonesia ....................................................... 130 B. Dampak Pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia ........................................ 132 C. Organisasi Pergerakan Zaman Jepang .............................................. 136 D. Reaksi Kaum Pergerakan Nasional terhadap Jepang ........................ 141 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 141 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 142 Bab 7 Pengaruh Revolusi Dunia terhadap Perkembangan Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia A. Revolusi Prancis................................................................................ 144 B. Revolusi Amerika .............................................................................. 150 C. Revolusi Rusia .................................................................................. 155 D. Revolusi Industri ............................................................................... 162 Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 166 Evaluasi .................................................................................................. 167 Latihan Ulangan Harian 3 ........................................................................................ 168 Glosarium .........................................................................................................
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