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Theopompos' Treatment of Cimon Connor, W Robert Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1963; 4, 2; Proquest Pg
Theopompos' Treatment of Cimon Connor, W Robert Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1963; 4, 2; ProQuest pg. 107 Theopompos' Treatment of Cimon w. Robert Connor MOST A CENTURY AGO F. Ruhll first called attention to a E curious and difficult fragment of Theopompos2 in the Contra Iulianum of St. Cyril of Alexandria. The fragment, now printed as number 90 in Jacoby's collection, is an attack on the integrity of Cimon, the fifth-century Athenian general. Since Ruhl's discovery the fragment has received little serious discussion: it was omitted in the collections of Theopompos made by Schranz and by Grenfell and Hunt,3 only briefly discussed by Jacoby,4 applied to other Athen ians by Meyer and Wade-Gery,5 and dismissed by Ruhl himself as part of a "vollstandiges Lugensystem"6 developed by the Christian authors to denigrate paganism. More disconcerting is the failure of two important studies of Theopompos to consider the fragment. Both K. von Fritz and A. Momigliano accept the view that Theopompos gave his "permanent approval" to Cimon, "the old-time gentleman, brilliant in war as well as in society, a perfect aristocrat ... who was finally defeated ... 1 F. RUhl, Die Quellen Plutarchs im Leben des Kimcn (Marburg dissertation 1867). 2 FGrHist 115 F 90. It has been suggested to me that the large number of iambic feet in the fragment (infra page 108) may indicate that the fragment belongs to Theopompos the comic poet, not Theopompos the historian. The fragment, however, accords well with what is known of the digression on the demagogues in the Philippica, and has no obvious parallel among the fragments of the comedian. -
Democracy and Institutional Change
European Research Studies, Volume X, Issue (1-2) 2007 Democracy and institutional change By Nicholas Kyriazis1 Abstract: The present essay analyses decision making procedures concerning economic issues such as the choice of public goods in the prototype democracy, Ancient Athens of the fourth century BC (the “Age of Demosthenes”). It analyses the link between political democracy, “economic” democracy, the emergence of new institutions and the finance of public goods like defence, education and “social security”. The prototype political democracy was advanced in questions of public administration, finance and institutions, on which political democracy was based. The paper concludes with some proposals as to what we could “learn” from the workings of “economic democracy” that is relevant for today’s democracies. Keywords: Hospital efficiency, productivity, health. JEL Classification: I11, I12, I18 1. Introduction There is a vast literature on the history, politics, warfare the arts etc. of the ancient Athenian democracy, which is considered the prototype and the origin of Western democracies.1 Much less attention has been paid till recently on the economics of the Athenian state, which is actually astonishing, since the Athenian state could not have developed its advanced political institutions without a sound economic basis, and advanced institutions and organisations, as I will purport to analyse later on in the present essay. (Kyriazis and Zouboulakis 2004, Kyriazis and Halkos 2005, Cohen 1997, Gabrielsen 1994). The Athenian democracy -
The Roles of Solon in Plato's Dialogues
The Roles of Solon in Plato’s Dialogues Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Samuel Ortencio Flores, M.A. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Bruce Heiden, Advisor Anthony Kaldellis Richard Fletcher Greg Anderson Copyrighy by Samuel Ortencio Flores 2013 Abstract This dissertation is a study of Plato’s use and adaptation of an earlier model and tradition of wisdom based on the thought and legacy of the sixth-century archon, legislator, and poet Solon. Solon is cited and/or quoted thirty-four times in Plato’s dialogues, and alluded to many more times. My study shows that these references and allusions have deeper meaning when contextualized within the reception of Solon in the classical period. For Plato, Solon is a rhetorically powerful figure in advancing the relatively new practice of philosophy in Athens. While Solon himself did not adequately establish justice in the city, his legacy provided a model upon which Platonic philosophy could improve. Chapter One surveys the passing references to Solon in the dialogues as an introduction to my chapters on the dialogues in which Solon is a very prominent figure, Timaeus- Critias, Republic, and Laws. Chapter Two examines Critias’ use of his ancestor Solon to establish his own philosophic credentials. Chapter Three suggests that Socrates re- appropriates the aims and themes of Solon’s political poetry for Socratic philosophy. Chapter Four suggests that Solon provides a legislative model which Plato reconstructs in the Laws for the philosopher to supplant the role of legislator in Greek thought. -
Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V. -
Taking Sides: the Political Economy of Solon's Law for Civil Wars*
Taking sides: The Political Economy of Solon’s Law for Civil Wars* Soeren C. Schwuchow**, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany George Tridimas***, Ulster University, Northern Ireland This version: 18 June 2019 Abstract In 594 BCE the Athenian statesman Solon defused a grave social crisis by introducing wide- ranging constitutional, political and economic reforms which granted various rights to a nas- cent ‘middle class’ and reduced the power of the wealthy birth aristocracy. Solon’s reforms included a law which perhaps counter-intuitively banned citizens from staying neutral in cas- es of civil conflict. After reviewing aspects of the law against neutrality debated by historians, the present paper employs the methodology of the economics of conflict to investigate the implications of the law for the stability of the constitutional order initiated by Solon. We ex- amine a stylised model of three social classes, Rich, Middle and Poor, where the former two compete for control of the government, and the Poor may decide to stay neutral or side with either the Middle or the Rich. By solving the model we identify conditions for the Rich to ac- cept the Solonian order or reject it and mount a coup. Key words: Ancient Athens; Solon; social conflict; neutrality; social stability; constitution- al choice. JEL Classification: D7: Analysis of Collective Decision making; D72: Political Processes D74: Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; N4: Economic History– Government; N93 - Europe: Pre-1913 Regional and Urban History * Paper in early stage of progress, preliminary and incomplete. Please do not circulate. ** Soeren C. Schwuchow (corresponding author), Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Microeconomics, P.O. -
LAW and LAW COURTS in ANCIENT GREECE Rosalind Thomas The
LAW AND LAW COURTS IN ANCIENT GREECE Rosalind Thomas The Institute of Classical Studies and the wider University of London have been an important catalyst for work on Greek law and the Athenian law courts, and the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies has been able to reflect this. We bring together here a rich collection of twelve articles by scholars who from various angles have examined the actual, practical operation of the law and the law courts through the techniques of Athenian oratory. The wealth of evidence for the operation of the law courts and the assembly from Athens means that most of these articles focus upon Athenian rhetoric and law in the heyday of its democracy. Theories about argument in oratory have a wider application across the Greek world, and two articles included here range beyond Athens in thinking about the nature and application of law. A series of seminars held at the Institute of Classical Studies, and the colloquia on the ‘New Hypereides’ discovered in the Archimedes Palimpsest and on ‘Profession and Performance’, created excellent opportunities to explore the interlocking questions and debates about the role of law, the rule of law, and the relation of legal procedures and rhetoric in democratic Athens. We cannot examine law by itself without the apparatus within which it was applied and the structures – either cultural or political – in which it was created, and then argued over, supported, evaded, and put into action. There is a continuing debate about how far the Athenian law courts really kept to the law; did they not get distracted by irrelevant arguments or emotive narrative, fine and clever speakers, fraught periods of high tension, and of course by the highly skilled techniques which the semi-professional orators increasingly exercised? As the techniques of Athenian oratory and persuasion developed in the late fifth century, so did the techniques of ‘proof’. -
Stories from Greek History
TO ARCHIBALD R.B. HALDANE Conditions and Terms of Use My dear Archie, Copyright © Heritage History 2010 Some rights reserved Do you remember that bright summer morning last This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an year when we lay out on the lawn and read together the organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history "Labours of Heracles," and how you once interrupted to ask "if books, and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. the tales were true?" The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may The tales in this little book are true, and beside the therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty winter fire I wrote them, fancying that I still had your eager to the author. face beside me, heard still your eager demand for "another The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, story." Will you like these as well, I wonder? however, are the property of Heritage History and are subject to certain Your loving friend restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the Ethelwyn Lemon integrity of the work, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that compromised versions of the work are not widely disseminated. In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a copyright by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are TABLE OF CONTENTS included at the foot of every page of text. -
The Motif of Love in Euripides' Works Helen and Medea
THE MOTIF OF LOVE IN THE HELEN AND THE ALCESTIS OF EURIPIDES by Eleftheria N. Athanasopoulou DOCTORAL DISSERTATION submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR LITTERARUM ET PHILOSOPHIAE in GREEK in the FACULTY OF HUMANITIES at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR J. L. P. WOLMARANS JANUARY 2008 For my family, and especially for my children… «Αν κάποιος προηγείται απλώς του καιρού του, κάποια μέρα ο καιρός θα τον προλάβει». (Wittgenstein, L. 1986). «Η θάλασσα που μας πίκρανε είναι βαθιά κι ανεξερεύνητη και ξεδιπλώνει μιαν απέραντη γαλήνη». (Seferis, G. 1967). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to Prof. J. L. P. Wolmarans for his advice, patience and assistance. This work would not have been completed without his encouragement. Indeed, his criticism was beneficial to the development of my ideas. It is of special significance to acknowledge the support given to me by some friends. I am particularly indebted to them for various favours. I also thank my husband for his advice, so that I could look afresh at a large number of questions. I wish to thank the anonymous reader for the improvements (s)he suggested. Johannesburg 2008 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT xiii ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ xi I. INTRODUCTION The Helen and the Alcestis 1 Rationale 3 Problem Statement 5 Methodology 6 Layout and Structure 8 Overview of Literature 12 Note to the Reader 14 II. THE PHILOSOPHY OF EURIPIDES AND WITTGENSTEIN Euripides’ Profile: Life and Works 15 Wittgenstein’s Profile: Life and Works 23 Euripides and Wittgenstein: Parallel Patterns of Thought 33 The Motif of Love, Language and Gloss analysis 37 III. -
Socrates and Democratic Athens: the Story of the Trial in Its Historical and Legal Contexts
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Socrates and democratic Athens: The story of the trial in its historical and legal contexts. Version 1.0 July 2006 Josiah Ober Princeton University Abstract: Socrates was both a loyal citizen (by his own lights) and a critic of the democratic community’s way of doing things. This led to a crisis in 339 B.C. In order to understand Socrates’ and the Athenian community’s actions (as reported by Plato and Xenophon) it is necessary to understand the historical and legal contexts, the democratic state’s commitment to the notion that citizens are resonsible for the effects of their actions, and Socrates’ reasons for preferring to live in Athens rather than in states that might (by his lights) have had substantively better legal systems. Written for the Cambridge Companion to Socrates. © Josiah Ober. [email protected] Socrates and democratic Athens: The story of the trial in its historical and legal contexts. (for Cambridge Companion to Socrates) Josiah Ober, Princeton University Draft of August 2004 In 399 B.C. the Athenian citizen Socrates, son of Sophroniscus of the deme (township) Alopece, was tried by an Athenian court on the charge of impiety (asebeia). He was found guilty by a narrow majority of the empanelled judges and executed in the public prison a few days later. The trial and execution constitute the best documented events in Socrates’ life and a defining moment in the relationship between Greek philosophy and Athenian democracy. Ever since, philosophers and historians have sought to -
The Rhetoric of the Death Penalty in the Classical Athenian Orators
The Rhetoric of the Death Penalty in the Classical Athenian Orators The death penalty was frequently exercised in ancient Athens. Hansen (1975, 11) notices the remarkably high number of trials by εἰσαγγελία “often… resulting in a sentence of death”. And yet, the lack of specificity in the contemporary accounts of executions have often frustrated the attempts of scholars to interpret the how, when and where of the death penalty. Indeed, Todd (2000, 36-37) expresses vexation with the orators whose “terminology is surprisingly unimaginative” and who might have displayed “an unwillingness verbally to go into too much detail in the face of death.” In this paper, however, I analyze the arguments the orators used for the death penalty, rather than the information about the executions themselves. More narrowly, I explore whether there was a discernible “rhetoric of the death penalty”, a dedicated pool of patterns of argumentation used by the orators to secure not merely a conviction, but the death penalty specifically. I base my research on a wide array of 4th century speeches, most importantly Lycurgus, Dinarchus and Hypereides. I outline three distinct avenues through which Athenian orators advocated capital punishment. Here I offer a brief summary with illustrative examples: First, I examine how orators employed vocabulary that would be likely to move the jurors to vote for the death penalty. Lycurgus, for example, frequently uses κολάζειν for the penalty that he proposes for Leocrates. Since Plato uses κολάζειν to refer to the more positive “reformative punishment”, and reserves τιμωρεῖσθαι for the grimmer “retributive punishment” (cf. Ladikos 2005, 52), some scholars believe that Lycurgus, like Plato, “wanted to replace anger as a justification for punishment with truth in order that all punishment could be directed at reforming … the wrongdoer’s soul” (Allen 2000, 21). -
Slavery, Freedom and Citizenship in Classical Athens: Beyond a Legalistic Approach
Slavery, Freedom and Citizenship in Classical Athens: Beyond a Legalistic Approach Kostas Vlassopoulos* In a seminal article written over four decades ago M. I. Finley made the memo- rable statement that ‘one aspect of Greek history is the advance, hand in hand, of freedom and slavery’.1 Finley explained that Greek communities, and in par- ticular places like Athens, passed during the archaic period through a process whose endpoint was a social division into two exclusive categories, the slave and the free. It was not that the distinction between slave and free did not exist in earlier periods or in other, earlier or contemporary, societies. But ear- lier Greek communities, and the older civilisations of the Near East, usually incorporated this distinction within a wider spectrum of statuses, with varying degrees of freedom and dependence from the monarch at the top to the lowest slave at the bottom. It was only in certain Greek communities that the interme- diate statuses were abolished and the social body divided into two polar oppo- sites. Finley offered his own interpretation for this unique development. It was the result of a struggle between the aristocracy and the peasantry during the archaic period, in which the lower classes were victorious and destroyed the bonds of dependency on the aristocracy by political means: the lower classes were incorporated into the body politic as citizens with equal rights. Athens was, for Finley, the case par excellence in this development. The leg- islation of Solon in the early sixth century bc cancelled previous debts and prohibited the enslavement of Athenian citizens for debts incurred.2 This cre- ated a significant manpower problem for the elite, which could no longer count on exploiting the peasants to produce the necessary surplus. -
Law and Economy in Classical Athens: [Demosthenes], “Against Dionysodorus”
is is a version of an electronic document, part of the series, Dēmos: Clas- sical Athenian Democracy, a publicationpublication ofof e Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]. e electronic version of this article off ers contextual information intended to make the study of Athenian democracy more accessible to a wide audience. Please visit the site at http:// www.stoa.org/projects/demos/home. Law and Economy in Classical Athens: [Demosthenes], “Against Dionysodorus” S is article was originally written for the online discus- sion series “Athenian Law in its Democratic Context,” organized by Adriaan Lanni and sponsored by Harvard University’s Center for Hellenic Studies. (Suggested Read- ing: Demosthenes , “Against Dionysodorus.”) Sometime around a man named Dareius brought a private action in an Athenian court against a merchant called Dionysodorus. Dareius and his business partner Pamphilus had made a loan to Dionysodorus and his part- ner Parmeniscus for a trading voyage to Egypt and back. In his opening words of his speech to the court, Dareius describes the risks confronting men who made maritime loans. Edward M. Harris, “Law and Economy in Classical Athens: [Demosthenes] ‘Against Dionysodorus,’” in A. Lanni, ed., “Athenian Law in its Democratic Context” (Center for Hellenic Studies On-Line Discussion Series). Republished with permission in C. Blackwell, ed., Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A.(A. MahoneyMahoney andand R.R. Scaife,Scaife, edd.,edd., e Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org], . © , E.M. Harris. “We who decide to engage in maritime trade and to en- trust our property to other men are clearly aware of this fact: the borrower has an advantage over us in every re- spect.