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Adventures and Exploits of Pecos Pioneers

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Adventures and Exploits of Pecos Pioneers NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY * FIFTH FIELD CONFERENCE. SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO 8. TALMAGE, S.B. and WOOTTON, T.P. Therecord shows but one expeditionin searchof buffalo The non-metallicmineral resources of New Mex- or beaver.In 1832a partyof about80, comprising both ice andtheir economic features. N. Mex.Bur. Mexicansand Americansassembled at Taosand started Minesand Min.Res., Bull. 12, 1937. for the plainsand watercourses of Texas.They went down the Pecosto AntonChico and BosqueRedondo 9. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF MINES. (Ft.Sumner), but becameso tornby dissensionthat the MineralsYearbook, 1950. - expeditionwas wrecked.A segmenthowever, survived I in whichwas the redoubtablemountain man° Bill 10. WELLS, E.H. and WOOTTON,T.P. Williams.This smaller party went eastward by Portales Goldmining and golddeposits in New Mexico and Lubbock(to use the modernnames) and on across (revised).N. Mex.Bur. Mines and/Vtin. Res., Texas.Some of thempersisted until they reached Ft. i CircularNo. 5, 1940. Smith,almost three months from the date of settingout. ADVENTURES AND EXPLOITS One of thisgroup, Albert Pike, a youngman fromMassa- chusetts,estimated that they had traveled 1,.400 miles, I OF PECO$ PIONEERS 650 milesof whichwere accomplished by walking. by No soonerdid theUnited States acquire this vast MauriceG. Fulton I tractwe knowas the SpanishSouthwest than it commenced ResearchSpecialist, Chores County an extensiveprogram for qualifyingit forAmerican HistoricalSociety settlement.Army officers and engineers busily explored I forbetter or shorterroutes or eligiblesites for military posts,as wellto impressthe indianswith the powerof Varioustribes of indians,chiefly Apaches and the federalgovernment. The outcomewas material Comanches,held undisturbed possession of southern additionsto knowledgeabout portions of the country- i New Mexicofrom time immemorial. The sixteenth hithertoa varitableterra-incognito. Mountain canyons, _ centurySpanish explorers showed little interest in the desertlands, rivers, and minor water-courses, prac- landalong the Pecoshemmed in by the dreadedStaked ticableand impracticable,were accurately mapped and I Plainson the east,and on the westby mountains,the describedin voluminousreports. sectionsof whichwere named White, Sacramento, Hueco, and Guadalupe.Coronado’s party crossed and re-crossed In 1849,shortly after the conclusion of theMexican I thePecos in theirsearch for fabulous Quivira. Some War,government attention was givento southernNew fortyyears later the colonizer, E spejo, made a return Mexico.One of the acceptedroutes to Californiawas journeyto the provinceof New Biskayby descendingthe via SantaFe, and thenturning down the Rio Grande i Pecassome 150 leaguesuntil he reachedthe Rio Grande some150 miles,to proceedthrough Arizona by a much nearits junctionwith the Conches. Progressing at the usedSpanish trail. Captain Randolph B. Marcywho was leisurelyrate of 15 milesa dayfrom 5th of Julyto 15th wellfitted by experiencein explorationsin Texas and of August,his party gathered a fewdetails about the UtahTerritory was appointed leader of the expedition. I tributarystreams and the general aspect of thecountry. In carryingout thisassignment, Captain Marcy was TheIndians luckily were friendly, but exceedingly directednot only to "ascertainand establish the best plentifulat places.The Spaniards diverging up oneof routefrom Ft. Smithto NewMexico and California," I thelarger affluents (probably the Hondo) found butalso to findif possiblea cut-off that might reduce practicallyone continuous settlement of Indiansfor the journey,especially "from some pointon the Del severalmiles. Norteabout 180 or 200miles below Santa Fe ’p.After i a month’srest in SantaFe, Marcydecided to attemptan The seventeenthand eighteenthcenturies are prac- alternateroute for the return.When he soughtthe ticallyblank so far as thePecos country is concerned, servicesof a specialguide familiar with the country i It continuedto be a hauntof wanderingtribes. Mexican infestedwith Apaches and other hostile tribes° he found buffalohunters and traderswith the Comanches beat a 10utfew Mexicanswho knewanything about the country roadwayfrom the northernsettlements in New Mexico and theydeclined to serveas guidesand returnhome out intothe Staked Plains and across them into San alonethrough the Indiancountry. Finally he foundat i Antonio.When the Americansappeared sporadically in San Miguelthe old Comanchenamed Manuel, "Who was the 19thcentury, they also ignored the Pecos country, bornand raised directly in thecountry over which we I 170 I i NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY * FIFTH FIELD CONFERENCE * SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO i desiredto passand wasperfectly familiar with almost TheSacramento mountains are in sighttonight, and everystream and water hole upon theprairies" "’~. the two ranges"Organ t* and "Sacramento*t run nearly parallelfrom north ~o southand from 30 to 40 miles i The startingpoint was DanaAna, the countyseat of apart.The intervening valley ~s flatandsandy, and the countywith the samename. As thiswill serve as a has no waterupon it. As we hadto crossthis valley, typicalvillage of theMexicans in the RioGrande Valley, we providedourselves with a supplyof waterfor the itsdescription is worth giving: "On the29th of August, i use of themen,and on themorningof the3rdof 1849,we reachedDana Ana, a townupon the eastbank Septemberleft camp, and following the Salt road far of the Rio Grands,sixty miles above El Paso,of 300 about4 miles,struck in a directline for the "Waco inhabitants,principally Mexicans, who raisecorn, wheat, Mountains",which can be seenfrom our lastcamp, i anions,beans, and grapes,and dependfor subsistence andwhere we ~veretold by the guidewe shouldfind almostentirely upon cultivation of the soil. They are water.As the roadwas somewhatsandy and we had obligedhere, as in allplaces in NewMexico, to irrigate~ to makea new track,our progresswas necessarily i as withoutthis the soilwould produce nothing. The slow.After traveling 18 mileswe haltedat 6:00 0nlyavailable land is thereforein thevalley, where o’clockin the evening,giving the men timeto sleep watercan be carriedin canalsor ditchesfrom the river, and the animalsto grazeand restwhen we were i "Thfsis a new town,settled by men fromEl Paso againin motionand reachedthe Wacomountains at some10 yearssince, and until it wasgarrisoned by a part 2:00P. M. on the4th of September,making the entire of a companyof U. S. troops,was freauentlyvisited by distancefrom the Sol.doSpring to thisplace 37 1/10 i thosebrigands of the mountains,"the Apaches", who miles.We founda greatabundanceof goodwaterin werein thehabit of comingclown from their mountain an immensetank up a ravinein th~ SouthMountain. retreats,stampeding and driving off cattle and horses, Thisis a hugedeep basin, scooped out of the solid and beforethe Mexicanswere aware of theirproximity, rockwith great symmetry and regularity,and of I wereout of reachagain in the mountains, sufficientcapacity to contain¯several hundred gallons of water.We alsofound sufficient water for our TheseIndians are perfectlylawless, savage, and animalsin the ravine.The roadposses between the i brave,and having been allowed to roamthe country two mountains,which approach within a few rodsof at willand commitdepredations upon the Mexicansfor eachother, leaving a levelpass bordered by immense so longa time,it willrequire a verysevere lesson ledgesof rocks,standing out in boldrelief directly i toteachthemwe are mastersin New Mexico.Being overthe road.The rockscomposing the mountains a numeroustribe, and commandedas theyare by an arelarge masses of clarkgraysandstone, thrown up ambitiouschieftain by the nameof Gomez,who has in the utmostdisorder and confusionand having receiveda Spanisheducation in Mexico~and being numerousholes and caverns,which have often served i mainlydependent upon plunder for a subsistence~I the Apacheas hidingplaces. am of theopinion that they are destined to giveus muchannoyance and trouble beforethey are subdued. We remainedat thisplace, on the5th and on the i morningof the6th, having made an earlystart, crossed Theexpedition that moved out from this forlorn village a plainin an easterlydirection toward the south base was impressive.The military escort consisted of three of the"Cierra Alto" which ~s about1,500 feet high i lieutenantsand 75 non-camsand privates.The wagon and can be seenfor manymiles around. Here we trainconsisted of 18 wagons,a six-poundercannon~ entereda canyon,which brought us by a veryeasy and a travelingforge, each drawn by six mules.Since andgradual slope, of aboutthree miles, to a high the programcalled for a reconnaissanceto determine I levelmesa or plain.From this pointwe couldsee thefeasibility of a readfor wagons, there was no array theSierra cfel Alamo, in a directionnorth 7,5 ° east, of expertscapable of specialstudies. The equipment andto thisour road led us overa firmprairie a was simple,only a viameterand compass,by whichto distanceof 22 1/4 miles.The Sierra del Alamois a i determinethe distancesand courses, mountainof graysandstone, mixed with flint rock, about1,000 feet high, and standsout aloneupon the The Organmountains were crossed via the San Augus- flatprairie. On thenorth side, about 300 yards from i tinpass, and camp the first night was at thespring at theroad, is a springnearthree cotton wood trees, the baseof the range.The next days progress carried withan Indiantrail leading to it.The spot cannot i theparty to theSol,dad Spring. be mistaken,as thereare no cottonwood trees 171 ! NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL
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