M-968 Publication Title: Letters of Application and Recommendation
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Publication Number: M-968 Publication Title: Letters of Application and Recommendation During the Adminstration of Ulysses S. Grant 1869-1877 Date Published: 1975 LETTERS OF APPLICATION AND RECOMMENDATION DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF ULYSSES S. GRANT 1869-1877 The Department of State series of Letters of Application and Recommendation for Appointment to Public Office, 1791-1901, is arranged in segments that correspond approximately to Presidential administrations. On the 69 rolls of this microfilm publication are reproduced the letters from this series for the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant, 1869-77. The letters are arranged in alphabetical order by the surname of the applicant or the person recommended and thereunder chronologically. President Grant received many requests for appointments to positions in the Territorial governments, the judiciary, and the diplomatic and consular services even before his inauguration on March 4, 1869. During the first months of his administration as many as 400 people came to the Executive Mansion each day, seeking Federal appointments. Many of the applicants were veterans of the Union Army who hoped to receive special consideration from their former commander. There were a number of applications from blacks for important positions in the post-Civil War period. In addition to letters from applicants, Grant received many letters of recommendation from Members of Congress, officials of State and local governments, and former military acquaintances. Most of this correspondence was handled by Grant’s personal secretary, Orville E. Babcock and Secretary of War William W Belknap, who occasionally made decision on applications without consulting the Presidents. Many of the applications for position in the diplomatic and consular services were addressed directly to Secretary of State Hamilton fish, who complied to Grant that his department was being used as a “refuge for all for whom no place can be found elsewhere.” Federal appointments have traditionally been granted as patronage, and Grant paid many of his political debts with appointments to diplomatic and consular posts. His administration was marred by a number of scandals, some relating to appointments. One of the more notable scandals involved the sale of commission and concession rights to the International Exposition at Vienna in1873 by Gen. T. B. van Buren, who was appointed by Grant to head the American Commission. A number of letters reproduced in this microfilm publication relate to the Vienna exposition and have annotations by General van Buren. The letters of application and recommendation were in the custody of the clerk of Appointments and Commissions until 1870 and then, successively, of the Bureau of Pardons and Commissions, 1870-95, the Appointment Clerk, 1895-98, the Bureau of Appointments, 1898-1924, and the Appointment Section of the Chief Clerk's Office from 1924 until January 11, 1939, when they were transferred to the National Archives. George Bartle served as Chief Clerk and Chief of the Bureau of Pardons and Commissions during the Grant administration, and his name is found on many of the letters in this microfilm publication. The records are part of General Records of the Department of State, Record Group 59. In the same record group are other documents relating to appointments to public office,-including oaths of office, attested copies of confirmations and rejections by the Senate, copies of commissions, and resignations and declinations of appointments. Additional records in the National Archives of the United States relating to appointments during the Grant administration are in Records of the Office of the Secretary of War, Record Group 107; Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780's-1917, Record Group 94; General Records of the Department of the Treasury, Record Group 56; General Records of the Department of Justice, Record Group 60; Records of the Post Office Department, Record Group 28; and Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Record Group 48. The records reproduced in this microfilm publication were prepared for filming by Denise Buford, Kent Carter, Ronald Swerczek, and Frank Warner. The introductory remarks were written by Kent Carter. INDEX Each entry gives the name of the applicant, appropriate cross-references to other applicants, the date span of documents and their enclosures, and the number of documents that contain a reference to the applicant. A few of the entries are names of official positions or geographical places rather than names of individuals. The only positions or place-names included are those for which there are separate files among the letters of application and recommendation. The term "document" refers to an individual letter with no enclosures or to a letter of transmittal with its enclosures. The names of all applicants and officeholders are listed; the names of persons who wrote letters of endorsement and comment are not listed except when names of applicants could not be determined. Some files include documents dated before or after the exact dates of the Grant administration. Examples of cross-references are: 1. Albertson, Jonathan W. See Dockery, Alfred. Signifies that all material referring to Jonathan W. Albertson is under the name of Alfred Dockery. 2. Bard, Samuel. See also Butler, Thomas J. Signifies that, in addition to the material filed under the name of Samuel Bard, there are references to him under the name of Thomas J. Butler. Abbott, George (Ill.), Mar. 11 and 15, 1869 (2) Abbott, George J. (Maine), Apr. 6, 1869-July 5, 1870 (3) Abercrombie, Ralph, June 8-Dec. 19, 1870 (9) Abercrombie, William Henry, Mar. 9 and 16, 1869 (2) Abernethy, Alexander S. See Washington, Territory of Abernethy, George Mar. 17, 1869 (1) Aborn, Orin, Mar. 18, 1868-Dec. 7, 1874 (7) Ackley, L. O., Apr. 29, 1874 (1) Adair, Henry, Mar. 13, 1869 (1) Adams, A. E., Jan. 31-Feb. 4, 1876 (3) Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., Mar. 28, 1873 (13 Adams, Charles Winthrop, Mar. 25, 1869 (1) Adams, Charoltte L., June 25, 1874 (1) Adams, Edrick, Jr., May 11, 1873 (1) Adams, Edward W., Apr. 19, 1874-Feb. 22, 1876 (3) Adams, F. C., Mar. 27 and May 1869 (2) Adams, Frank, Mar. 27, 1871 (1) Adams, Henry Kingman, Mar. 4, 1870 (1) Adams, J. H., Nov. 21, 1874 (1) Adams, J. S., Apr. 22 and Dec. 1, 1875 (2) Adams, John Q., Mar. 10, 1869 (1) Adams, Lyell T., Apr. 28-July 15, 1869 (3) Adams, Nathan, Mar. 22, 1873; May 21, 1875 (2) Adams, T. D., Mar. 15, 1869 (1) Adamson, Thomas, Jr., June 2, 1869-Aug. 3, 1875 (4) Addis, Thomas C., Oct. 28 and 29, 1869 (2) Addison, Christopher, June 28 and July 20, 1875 (2) Adee, Alvey Augustus, Aug. 30, 1870-Nov. 16, 1876 (7) Agnus, Felix, Dec. 1, 1866-Aug. 6, 1869 (15) Ahna, Henry C. See De Ahna, Henry C. Akers, J. Milton, Jan. 30, 1873 (1) Albaugh, D. W., Feb. 13, 1873-Jan. 5, 1874 (4) Albee, F. Arminius, Mar. 23-June 2, 1876 (3) Alberger, F. A., Feb. 20, 1873 (1) Albert, A., Feb. 22, 1873 (1) Albertson, Jonathan W. See Dockery, Alfred Victor Albright, Charles, Sept. 14-29, 1871 (3) Alcon, Leon, May 7 and Nov. 12, 1869 (2) Alden, William L., Mar. 21-Apr. 6, 1869 (4) Alderson, A., May 1, 1870 (1) Alexander, Mortimer J., May 7 and 8, 1872 (3) Alleger, Thomas J., Jan. 27-Mar. 3, 1876 (3) Allen, Ethan A., Apr. 20, 1869-Aug. 23, 1870 (6) Allen, Frank S., July 25 and 29, 1872 (2) Allen, George L., Apr. 23, 1873 (1) Allen, George T., Feb. 26, 1869-Feb. 21, 1871 (3) Allen, Julian, Jan. 29 and Sept. 23, 1873 (2) Allen, L. B., Apr. 14, 1875 (1) Allen, L. G. n.d. and Feb. 3, 1869 (2) Allen, Michael M., July 28 and Sept. 24, 1873 (2) Allen, Orville C., Mar. 30 and 31, 1869 (2) Allen, Oscar D., Mar. 4, 1873 (1) Allen, Vanderbilt, Sept. 23, 1872; May 6, 1873 (2) Allison, Joseph W., Apr. 7, 1869 (1) Allman, Daniel, July 15, 1875 (1) Alston, Philip C., Sept. 18, 1875 (1) Ambler, John H., July 14, 1875 (1) Amery, Samuel A., Apr. 16, 1874 (1) Ames, A. A., Oct. 9, 1869 (1) Ames, Emerson, Mar. 22, 1881 (1) Ames, Fisher W., Sept. 29, 1869 (1) Ames, William L., Jan. 7, 1870 (1) Amherstburg, Ontario, Canada, Feb. 28-Mar. 11, 1873 (3) Amity, Henry B., Sept. 2, 1873 (1) Anboiron, Pierre, June 8, 1874 (1) Anderson, Andrew (Wis.), Apr. 16, 1872 (1) Anderson, Andrew L. (Tenn.), Nov. 22, 1872; Apr. 1, 1873 (2) Anderson, George L., Nov. 25, 1872-Mar. 24, 1873 (5) Anderson, George W. See Hunt, A. C. Anderson, Isaac L., Feb. 6, 1875-Feb. 3, 1876 (5) Anderson, J. E., Dec. 5, 1872 (1) Anderson, John Jay, Jan. - and Jan. 18, 1875 (2) Anderson, Murray, Feb.-May 24, 1870 (3) Anderson, Robert, Apr. 21, 1873 (1) Anderson, Ross W., Feb.-Mar. 23, 1869 (3) Anderson, Thomas C., Feb. 15, 1872 (1). See also Lynch, John; Pennington, Edward Andrews, A., Feb. 1871 (1) Andrews, C. C., Mar. 16-25, 1869 (4) Andrews, Henry W., Mar. 20-Apr. 9, 1869 (5) Andrews, W. H. H., Mar. 24 and Apr. 14, 1869 (2) Annam, Charles F., Mar. 29, 1875 (1) Antal, Fromm, Aug. 12, 1875 (1) Anthony, H. B., Dec. 9, 1872 (1) Antoni, Joseph, May 26, 1869 (1) Apel, Laura, June 30, 1874 (1) Apollonio, S. T., Dec. 5, 1871-Feb. 15, 1872 (3) Appleton, Francis H., Mar. 22, 1873 (1) Appleton, John F., Jan. 30-May 4, 1869 (10) Appleton, Nathan, Sept. 15, 1870 (1) Arbuckle, James, Feb. 6, 1873 (1) Arbuthnot, William Wedderburn, July 12, 1870 (1) Armour, Robert, May 9, 1870 (13 Armstrong, David Maitland, Mar.