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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Western Rock Lobster Panulirus

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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Western Rock Lobster Panulirus FAO Fisheries Synopsis N SAST L:1:ioPsIs OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE 1ESTERN ROCK LBSTER Panulirus cygnus (George, 1962) F6 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNI1ED NATIONS FISEU SYNOPSES This series of documents, issued by FAO, CSIP.O, INP and NMFS, contains comprehensive reviews of present knowledge on species end stocks of aquatic organisms of present or potential economic interest The Fishery Resources and Environment Division of FAO is responsible for the overall coordination of the series. The primary purpose of this series is to make existing information readily available to fiShery scientists according to a standard pattern, and by so doing also to draw attention to gaps iknowledge. lt is hoped that synopses in this series will be useful to other scientists initiating investigations of the species Concerned or cf related ones, as a means of exchange of knowledge among those already working on the species, and as the basis for comparative study of fisheries resources. They will be brought up to date from time to time as further information becomes available. The documents of this Series are issued under the following titles: Symbol FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. FHUS CSIRO Fisheries Synopsis No. DFO/S Sinopsis sobre l& Peace N° NP/S N M FS Fisheries Synopsis No, NMFS/S Synopses in these series are compiled according to a standard outline described in Fib/Si Rev. 1(1965). FAO, CSIRO, NP and NMFS are working to secure the cooperation of other organizations and of individual scientists in drafting synopses on species about which they have knowledge, and welcome offers of help in this task. Additions and corrections to synopses already issued Will also be most welcome. Comments on individual synopses and requests For information should be addressed to the coordinators arid editors of the issuing organizations, and suggestions regarding the expansion or modification of the outline to FAO: FO; CSIRO: Fishery Resources 2nd Environment Division CSPRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography Marine Resources Service Box 21 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Cronulla, N.S.W. 2230 Via delle Terme di Caracalla Australia 00100 Rome. Italy INP: NMFS: Instituto Nacional de Pesca Scientific Publications Office Subsecretaria de Pesca National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Secretaria de Pesca 1107 N.E. 45th Street Secretaria de Industria y Comercio Seattle, WA. 98105, USA Carmona y Valle 101- 403 México 7, D.F. Consolidated lists of species or groups covered by synopses issued to date or in preparation will be issued from time to time. Requests for copies of synopses should be addressed to the issuing organization. The following synopses in this series have been issued since January 1979: FIR/S119 Synopsis of biological data on the walleye, SllzoSfedion vitreum P. Colby, RE. McNicol and RA. Ryder 1979 FIR/Si 20 Synopsis of biological data on the mrigala, Cirrhinus mrigaia V.G. Jhingran 1979 FIR/Si 25 FAO species catalogue. Vol.1. Shrimps and prawns of the world LJ3. Holthuìs 1980 FIR/Si 26 Exposé synoptique des données biologiques sur le loup ou bar, DicentrerchuS labrax G. Bernabé 1980 FIR/Si 28 Synopsis on biological data of the Western rock lobster, ,°anulirus cygnus - S.F. Phillips et al. 1980 NMFS/S118 Synopsis of biological data on bonitos of the genus Sarda HO. Yoshicla 1980 NMFSIS1 21 Synopsis of biological data on the striped bass, Morone s.sxetilis - E. Setzler el al. 1980 NMFS/S1 22 Synopsis of biological data on Euthynnus - H.O. Yoshida 1979 NMFS/S1 23 Synopsis of biological data on the rock crab, Cancer irroratus TE. Bigford, 1979 1979 NMFSIS1 24 Synopsis of biological data on the frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) and the bullet tuna (Aux!s rochei) - RN. Uchida 1980 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 128 FIR/5128 (Distribution restricted) SAST - Panulir.s cygnus - 2,29(OlU01,l5 SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE WESTERN ROCK LOBSTER Panulirus cygnus George, 1962 Prepared by B.F. Phillips G.R. Morgan C.1. Austin CSIRO Division of Fisheries Western Australian Marine Loology Department and Oceanography Research Laboratories University of Western Australia P.O. Box 21 P.O. Box 20 Nedlands, WA, Australia 6009 Cronulla NSW, Australia 2230 North Beach WA, Australia 6020 (Presently at Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome 1980 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations concerning thelegal Status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M42 ISBN 92-5-1OlO25-X The copyright in this book is vested in the Food and Agriculture Orga- nization of the IJnited Nations. The book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder.Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1980 PREPARATION OF THIS SYNOPSIS Due to a temporary interruption in the publication of CSIRO Species Synopsis, and in view of the desirability of making available this up-to-date account on the valuable Western rock lobster fishery without delay, it was decided, upon request of the CSIRO Division of Fisheríes and Oceanography, to include the present document in the FAO Species Synopsis series. AUSTRACT This synopsis reviews all available data on identity, distribution, life history, population dynamics, exploita- tion, protection, management and artificial cultivation of the western rock lobster,Panulirus cygnusGeorge, 1962, Distribution For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows: Authors FAO Fisheries Department Phillips, B.F.,G.R. Morgan and C.M. Austin, FAO Regional Fisheries Officers 1980 Synopsis of biological data on the Regional Fisheries Councils and Commissions westernrocklobster,Panulirs Selector SM cygnus George, 1962. FAO Fish. Synop., (128):64 p. FIR/S128 Panulirus cygnus iii CONTENTS Page IDENTITY 1 1.1 Nomenclature i 1.11 Valid name i 1.2 Taxonomy 1 1.21 Affinities 1 1.22 Taxonomic status 6 1.23 Subspecies 6 1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names 6 1.3 Morphology 6 1.31 External morphology 6 2 DISTRIBUTION 7 2.1 Total Area 7 2.2 Differential Distribution 9 2.21 Larvae and juveniles 9 2.22 Adults 9 2.3 Determinants of Distribution Changes 10 2.31 Currents 10 2.32 Temperature 10 2.33 Food 10 2.34 Light 10 2.35 Salinity 11 2.36 Behaviour 11 2.4 Hybridization 11 3 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY li 3.1 Reproduction 11 3.11 Sexuality 11 3.12 Maturity 11 3.13 Mating 12 3.14 Fertilization 12 3.15 Gonads 12 3.16 Spawning 13 3.17 Spawn 14 3.2 Pre-Adult Phase 14 3.21 Embryonic 14 3.22 Larval phase 15 3.3 Juvenile and Adult Phase 19 3.31 Longevity 19 3.32 Hardiness 19 3.33 Competitors 20 3.34 Predators 20 3.35 Parasites, diseases, injuries and abnormalities 20 iv PIR/S128 Panulirus Cygnus Page 3.4 Nutrition and Growth 21 3.41 Feeding 21 3.42 Food 21 3.43 Growth rate 22 3.44Metabolism 27 3.5 Behaviour 29 3.51 Migration and local movements 29 3.52 Schooling 29 3.53Responses to stimuli 32 4 POPULATION 33 4.1 Structure 33 4.11 Sex ratio 33 4.12Age composition 36 4.13 Size composition 36 4.2 Abundance and Density 37 4.21 Average abundance 37 4.22 Changes in abundance 37 4.23 Average density 37 4.24 Changes in density 40 4.3 Natality and Recruitment 40 4.31 Reproduction rates 40 4.32 Factors affecting reproduction 40 4.33 Recruitment 40 4.4 Mortality and Morbidity 43 4.41 Mortality rates 43 4.42 actors causing or affecting mortality 43 4.5 Dynamics of the Population 45 4.6 The Population in the Community and the Ecosystem 46 5 EXPLOITATION 47 5.1 Fishing Equipment 47 5.11Gear 47 5.12Boats 49 5.2Fishing Areas 49 5.21 General geographic distribution 49 5.22Geographical ranges 49 5.23Depth ranges 52 5.3 Fishing Season 52 5.31General pattern of season(s) 52 5.32Dates of beginning, peak and end of season 53 5.33Variation in date or duration of season 53 FIR/S128Panuliu cygnus Page 5.4Fishing Operations and Results 53 5.41Effort and intensity 53 5.42 Selectivity 54 5.43 Catches 54 6 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT 54 6.1 Regulatory (Legislative) Measures 54 6.11Limitation or reduction to total catch 54 7 ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION 59 7.1 Procurement of Stocks 59 7.2 Spawning 59 7.3Development Times 59 7.4 Survival 59 7.5 Foods, Feeding 59 7.6 Parasites, Diseases and Their Control 59 7.7 Commercial Application 59 8 REFERENCES 60 FIR/Sl28 Panulirus cygnus i IDENTITY - Diagnosis ll Nomenclature Adult specimens of P. cygnus (Figure 1) are readily separated from the two most closely related 1.11Valid name species,Panulirusjaponicus (von Siebold, 1824) and P. longipes longipes (A. I4ilne-Edwards, 1868). Panulirus cygnus George, 1962 Although the colour (brick-red) and colour 1.2 Taxonomy patterns are very similar, the following charac- teristics distinguish P. cygnus f rom P. japonicus: 1.21 Affinities The antennular plate of P. cygnus has Suprageneric 4-8 spines arranged in two rows behind the principal pair of spines (Figure 2c), Kingdom Animalia whereas P. japonicus has no spines or a Subkingdom Metazoa few very small spinules in this position Phylum Arthropoda (Figure 2f) Class Crustacea Subclass Malacostraca The transverse grooves of the second to Series Eumalacostraca fifth abdominal segments of P.
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