O George Finlay Ως Προϊστορικός Αρχαιολόγος Και Η Πρώτη Παλαιοντολογική Έρευνα Στην Ελλάδα (Πικέρμι, 1836)1
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Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman & Early Christian Antiquity : Seeing the Gods
9 Pilgrimage as Elite Habitus: Educated Pilgrims in Sacred Landscape During the Second Sophistic Marco Galli A Rita Zanotto Galli, con profonda amicizia e stima PATTERNS OF RELIGIOUS MEMORY AND PAIDEIA DURING THE SECOND SOPHISTIC Is it possible to reconstruct, at least in part, the suggestive and intricate frame that connected the monuments and images, the ritual actions, and the pilgrim who actively and subjectively participated as collector and observer of sacred experience? What indices permit us to trace the emotional reactions of pilgrims in contact with the sacred landscape? What mental processes and emotional reactions made the tangible objects (the monuments, the images, and the rites) into mental objects, and how did these become Wxed in the memory of the pilgrim? With these questions as guidelines, I shall argue that we can apply a contem- porary approach to the investigation of the social functions of ancient pilgrimage. For the exploration of the relationship between the religious experiences of the pilgrim and social instances of collective memory for the reconstruction and reactivation of a sacred traditional landscape, we may turn to a moment in history that provides an unusually dense 254 Marco Galli representation of the internal states of sacred experience.1 This is the period dubbed ‘The Second Sophistic’. It was a period virtually obsessed with the problem of memory, when even religious tradition, because it formed one of the most signiWcant communicative functions of collect- ive life, was subjected to fundamental revision within the process of social memory.2 Plutarch’s writings cast light on the role of memory and its interaction with religious tradition. -
Parthenon 1 Parthenon
Parthenon 1 Parthenon Parthenon Παρθενών (Greek) The Parthenon Location within Greece Athens central General information Type Greek Temple Architectural style Classical Location Athens, Greece Coordinates 37°58′12.9″N 23°43′20.89″E Current tenants Museum [1] [2] Construction started 447 BC [1] [2] Completed 432 BC Height 13.72 m (45.0 ft) Technical details Size 69.5 by 30.9 m (228 by 101 ft) Other dimensions Cella: 29.8 by 19.2 m (98 by 63 ft) Design and construction Owner Greek government Architect Iktinos, Kallikrates Other designers Phidias (sculptor) The Parthenon (Ancient Greek: Παρθενών) is a temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Its construction began in 447 BC and was completed in 438 BC, although decorations of the Parthenon continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an Parthenon 2 enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a program of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure.[3] The Parthenon itself replaced an older temple of Athena, which historians call the Pre-Parthenon or Older Parthenon, that was destroyed in the Persian invasion of 480 BC. Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon was used as a treasury. -
James-Jude: - 1 of 8 - NT227 03 of 03 03 LESSON Craig L
James-Jude: James-Jude: NT227 Letters to Everyone General & Johannine Epistles LESSON 03 of 03 Archaeology & New Testament Cities Craig L. Blomberg, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor of New Testament Studies at Denver Seminary in Littleton, Colorado I. Introduction to Archaeological Evidence (Part 3) In this section, we will examine additional archaeological dis- coveries that can provide valuable information about major New Testament cities. After examining the major sites, you will be ready to apply your newfound knowledge to your culminating research paper. II. Palestine There are many sites in Palestine associated with Jesus and the New Testament, but we will just look at three major archaeologi- cal sites: Capernaum, Caesarea Philippi, and Samaria. A. Capernaum Capernaum was one of the largest of the thirty fishing towns surrounding the Sea of Galilee, located some three miles from the estuary of the Jordan to the southwest. It was here that Jesus established His headquarters for the major portion of His public ministry (Mt 4:13). In Matthew 9:1, Capernaum is called “his own town.” The recent discovery of a Roman milestone at Capernaum helps to prove a Roman road ran by the city and explains the presence of a Roman centurion in a primarily Jewish town (Mt 8:5-13; Lk 7:1-10). As a port of entry for caravans from the rich East, it is also logical Capernaum should house an important customs house, whose officer was to become a disciple of Jesus (Lk 5:27-8; Mt 9:9). The English name “Capernaum” comes from the Greek form of the Hebrew name Kefar Nahum, meaning “village of Nahum.” This Nahum, otherwise unknown to us, may have originally owned the land where the village grew up. -
Birds by the Wayside in Greece
BIRDS BY THE WAYSIDE 137 but I believe this slaughter would not be so extensive under normal conditions. Our visits to the rookery disturbing the birds more than wa$ usual, resulted in many a youngster be- ing left unprotected. It is gratifying ,to know that these wonderful denizens of the air are not likely to become extinct. Despite their thiev- ing habits they proved to be a, constant source of interest, &d their unique ways brought forth many ;a laugh from even the most undemonstrative member of our party. BIRDS BY THE WAYSIDE. IN GREECE. BY ALTHEA R. SHERMAN. We reached Greece by the way of Constantinople. Had the direction of the journey been reversed it would have followed the course of historic Grecian colonization and thus have bet- ter pleased those who wish to take everything in its chrono- logical order; but when one has waited more than, forty years to visit Greece, it matters little by what route he arrives, so long as a fond dream is realized. This for two score years had been a subject for my dream;, both waking and sleeping, with a difference: The dreams of sleep pictured the Acro- polis of Athens in all its ancient splendor. Fulfilhhent found it, as so often and accurately portrayed by pen and brush of others, leaving little aside from personal, sensations to be gained by a visit to it. These proved a surprise for me. It appears that one may know clearly how deeply time and “the unspeakable Turk” have fixed the stamp of death and destruc- tion on this crowning glory of ancient art, and yet in the pres- ence of it be filled with indescribable sadness : such as one may feel at the funeral of a young friend, beautiful, and trans- cendentally noble in character. -
Antiquity, Primitivism and National Stereotypes in Greek Travel Writing
ANTIQUITY, PRIMITIVISM AND NATIONAL STEREOTYPES IN GREEK TRAVEL WRITING (1850-1870) by GEORGIA DRAKOU A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies School of History and Cultures The University of Birmingham January 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis sets out to study the representations of rural people in Greek travel writing over the period 1850-1870, by focusing on the way in which such representations reveal the process of national identity formation. In the first chapter, I address the issue of travellers’ lack of interest in the peasant way of life, and I undertake to explore the significance of this ‘absence’. In the second chapter, I examine travel texts pursuing to establish a direct connection of rural customs and mores with the ancient Greek ones. In the third chapter, I analyse the way in which the ethnographical concern of travel writing brings to the fore primitive aspects of rural life. The concept of primitiveness will be further developed in the last two chapters, in the context of race and gender representations in the observation of Greek peasants. -
Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks Astrological Symbolism In
SACRED GEOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS SUNY Series in Western Esoteric Traditions David Appelbaum, editor Omphalos decoratedwith the "net." (COpl)from the Roman period, Museum of Delphi) SACRED GEOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS Astrological Symbolism in Art, Architecture, and Landscape � F 1G7Lf '?,-- 'j .1 \ '/ , ) Jean Richer Translated by Christine Rhone STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRE�� f Published by State University of New York Press, Albany ©1994 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N.Y., 12246 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Richer, Jean, 1915- [Geographie sacree du monde grec. English] Sacred geography of the ancient Greeks: astrological symbolism in art, architecture, and landscape / Jean Richer; translated by Christine Rhone. p. cm. - (SUNY series in Western esoteric traditions) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7914-2023-X - ISBN 0-7914-2024-8 (pbk.) 1. Astrology/Greek. 2. Sacred space-Greece. 3. Shrines Greece. 4. Artand religion-Greece. 5. Gretfe-Religion. " ! I. Title. n. Series. 1 994 f.�C;'� �� :;:;�2� 1) 094 �;:60 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Maps xi Foreword xxi Translator's Preface xxvii Preface xxxi Chapter 1. Theory of Alignments 1 1. Delphi: Apollo and Athena 1 2. The Meridian of Delphi: Te mpe-Delphi-Sparta-Cape Taenarum 2 3. -
Athens 1 Athens
Athens 1 Athens Athens Αθήνα Athīna From upper left: the Acropolis, the Hellenic Parliament, the Zappeion, the Acropolis Museum, Monastiraki Square, Athens view towards the sea. Location Coordinates [1] [1] 37°58′N 23°43′E Coordinates: 37°58′N 23°43′E Government Country: Greece Region: Attica Regional unit: Central Athens Districts: 7 Mayor: Giorgos Kaminis (Independent) (since: 29 December 2010) [2] Population statistics (as of 2011) Urban - Population: 3,089,698 - Area: 412 km2 (159 sq mi) - Density: 7,499 /km2 (19,423 /sq mi) Metropolitan - Population: 3,752,973 - Area: 2,928.717 km2 (1,131 sq mi) Athens 2 - Density: 1,281 /km2 (3,319 /sq mi) Municipality - Population: 664,046 - Area: 38.964 km2 (15 sq mi) - Density: 17,043 /km2 (44,140 /sq mi) Other Time zone: EET/EEST (UTC+2/3) Elevation (min-max): 70–338 m (230–1109 ft) Postal code: 10x xx, 11x xx, 120 xx Telephone: 21 Auto: Yxx, Zxx, Ixx (excluding ZAx and INx) Website [3] www.cityofathens.gr [4] Athens (/ˈæθɨnz/; Modern Greek: Αθήνα, Athína; IPA: [aˈθina]; Katharevousa: Ἀθῆναι, Athinai; Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athēnai) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning around 3,400 years. Classical Athens, as a landlocked location was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum,[5][6] it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy,[7][8] largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.[9] Today a cosmopolitan metropolis, modern Athens is central to economic, financial, industrial, political and cultural life in Greece. -
Home Life in Hellas, Greece and the Greeks
**% *&*%; : " ' VJ* 'J^fJL £lt: ft -* IS EECE AND Tli DXJCKETT PERR rfHffri'ia?iS?i?ftj55&ffiiffi&SSS£ fyxmll Wmwraftg ptatfg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF iHeiiru W. Sage 1891 £\..fc5.3d.a.g ya.yiQ.M.. Cornell University Library DF 741.F39 Home life in Hellas Greece and the Gree 3 1924 028 255 093 www.archive.org HOME LIFE IN HELLAS MILLS & BOON'S LIST OF GENERAL LITERATURE MY GERMAN YEAR. By I. A. R. Wylie, Author of "The Rajah's People." With 2 Illustrations in Colour and 18 from Photographs. Demy 8vo. 10s. Gd. net. FORTY YEARS OF A SPORTSMAN'S LIFE. By Sir Claude Champion De Crespigny. With a Photogravure Frontispiece and 15 Illustrations. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 10b. Gd. net. THE COURT OF WILLIAM III. By E. and M. S. Grew. With many Illustrations. Demy Svo. 16s. net. YVETTE GUILBERT: Struggles and Victories. By Yvette Guilbert and Harold Simpson. Profusely Illustrated with Caricatures, Portraits, Facsimiles of Letters, etc. Demy Svo. 10s. 6d. net. WAGNER AT HOME. Fully translated by Effie Dunreith Massib from the French of Judith Gautier. With a Photogravure Frontispiece and 8 Illustrations. Demy Svo. 108. 6d. net. THE PARSON'S PLEASANCE. By P. H. Ditchfield, M.A., F.S.A. With 25 Illustrations. Demy Svo. 10s. 6d. net. RAMBLES WITH AN AMERICAN. By Christian Tearle, Author of "Holborn Hill." With 21 Illustrations. 10a. 6d. net. A CENTURY OF BALLADS (1810-1910): Their Com- posers and Singers. By Harold Simpson. Fully Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Its. 6d. -
Where Are the Greeks? Revisiting Cavafy's 'Philhellene
Where Are the Greeks? Revisiting Cavafy's "Philhellene"1 Martin McKinsey First published in 1912, the poem "Philhellene," a dramatic monologue set in the Roman period, transports us to recognizable Cavafian territory. The precise location is left undefined, but clues are provided: "behind Zagros, out beyond Phráata"; that is, somewhere in ancient Media, in what is today Iran. The speaker, very likely the ruler of this minor fiefdom himself, is giving instructions to a courtier on the design of a coin. PHILHELLENE Make sure the engraving is done skillfully. The expression serious, majestic. The diadem preferably somewhat narrow: I don't like that broad kind the Parthians wear. The inscription, as usual, in Greek: nothing excessive or pompous - we don't want the proconsul to take it the wrong way; he's always smelling things out and reporting back to Rome - but of course giving me due honor. Something very special on the other side: 1 This fragment is offered for the Cavafy Forum for the same reason most of it was edited out of the introduction to my book on Hellenism and the Postcolonial Imagination: the bulk of it deals, as the rest of the book does not, with the confrontation between British Hellenism and modern Greece in the early twentieth century. Historicizing Cavafy's "Philhellene" in both its ancient and modern contexts means locating it and the character it depicts directly over this seismic fault. The global turn I take in the final third reflects the broader aims of the book's introduction, which asks the question: "As [hegemonic culture] migrates through the filaments of global trade; as it is received, sifted, assimilated and redeployed by individuals and societies in the provincial outlands of empire, what sorts of changes does this culture, 'metropolitan' culture, undergo? How is its meaning altered or deferred in the colonial or neo-colonial periphery?" A version of this piece was presented at the 2009 MGSA Symposium in Vancouver. -
Elsner-Rutherford
PILGRIMAGE IN GRAECO-ROMAN & EARLY CHRISTIAN ANTIQUITY This page intentionally left blank Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman & Early Christian Antiquity Seeing the Gods Edited by JAS´ ELSNER and IAN RUTHERFORD 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2005 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address -
Mitchell's Ancient Geography
v/sj: KKtfffRv w i *'FXy&JX'fjr'rri ^y »r »*tr «•>»•,r t✓K r, * r «** '•*v l•••k*iUi J\. / inljii 4/ n j 11 j 11»I \ 1 un • in ■ / iniinJjffSii \mninm 111 HH {» 11|] Uni HJJJl » (4 in,,,jif(j 3 l! j] II’ ! A JJ i jinii 11 in ii 4 44 J11J 5 \ Null i him) ri ijlJr MITCHELL’S ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY, DESIGNED FOR ACADEMIES, SCHOOLS, AND FAMILIES. A SYSTEM OF CLASSICAL AND SACRED GEOGRAPHY, EMBELLISHED WITH INGEAVINGS OF REMARKABLE EVENTS, VIEWS OF ANCIENT CIT1E8 VARIOUS INTERESTING ANTIQUE REMAINS TOGETHER WITH AN ANCIENT ATLAS, CONTAINING MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE WORK SIAr BY S. AUGUSTUS MITCHELL, PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY E. H. BUTLER \ GO. 1 863. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1845, by S. AUGUSTUS MITCHELL, ia the clerk's office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Gift Judge and Mrs. f.R.HItt Dec. XI, 1936 PEEFACE. The extensive patron'age bestowed on Mitchell’s Primary Geography and School Geography and Atlas, determined the Publishers of those works, some time since, to complete the Series of which they form the introductory and secondary divisions, by the publication of a High School Geography and Atlas, comprehending a summary of Modern and Ancient Geography. The following work constitutes the Ancient or second division of the pub- fication proposed, and will be found to correspond, in style and general mode of arrangement, with those portions of the series already issued. It embraces two distinct sections ; one consisting of Classical, and the other of Sacred Geography: together with an Atlas, specially compiled to agree with and elucidate the Text. -
“Stone in Egypt, Greece, & Italy”
“Stone in Egypt, Greece, & Italy” In Stone: An Illustrated Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 5 October 1892, pp. 207-208 This article, which begins on the next page, is presented on the Stone Quarries and Beyond web site. http://quarriesandbeyond.org/ Peggy B. Perazzo Email: [email protected] September 2013 “Stone in Egypt, Greece, & Italy” In Stone: An Illustrated Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 5 October 1892, pp. 207-208 “Egypt abounds with rocks of calcareous stone, sandstone and granite, and all these materials have been employed in the formation of the massive works which yet remain to attest the magnificence of the ancient people of that country. The walls of most of the temples were constructed of sandstone, which appears to have been chiefly obtained from the quarries stretching along the banks of the Nile, in the mountains of Silsileh; but the obelisks and statues which adorned these temples are formed of syenite or Oriental granite, drawn from the quarries in the islands of Philæ and Elephantine, and particularly from those vast excavations in the mountain terraces about Syene. The stone which has served for the pyramid Cheops is a carbonate of lime, of a light grey color, and the same kind of stone forms the interior mass of the pyramid of Mycerinus, but the latter is covered with red granite. The monolith at Sais, was floated down the Nile on a raft, from the quarry in Elephantine. The masterpieces of Grecian sculpture were executed in the rich white marbles of Attica and the islands of the Archipelago. The quarries of Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, supplied the materials for the Parthenon and the Temple of Theseus in that city and for the Temple of Ceres and Proserpine at Eleusis, and both in Greece and Asia Minor an abundance of stone of a greenish white was dug from the earth for the ordinary purposes of architecture.