International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of Coastal Ecosystem Enhancement Programme through Sustainable Artificial Reefs in Galicia Luis Carral 1 , Juan José Cartelle Barros 1,* , Humberto Carro Fidalgo 2, Carolina Camba Fabal 1 and Alicia Munín Doce 1 1 Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain;
[email protected] (L.C.);
[email protected] (C.C.F.);
[email protected] (A.M.D.) 2 Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría de Camiños, Canais e Portos, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; humberto.fi
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: The principle of sustainability should condition a project in which artificial reefs are being installed to protect biodiversity as well as enhance costal ecosystems. In particular, this principle should be taken into account in the logistical processes related to manufacture and transport. This study assesses the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED) of developing a coastal ecosystem enhancement programme in the estuary region of Galicia, north- western Spain. The focus is on the processes involved in creating green artificial reefs (GARs): manufacture, transport and installation. The starting point is the supply chain for the green artificial reef (GAR) units; greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and energy needs for each phase are analysed. Citation: Carral, L.; Cartelle Barros, Various scenarios are considered to determine which options are indeed available when it comes to J.J.; Carro Fidalgo, H.; Camba Fabal, establishing the supply chain. Different types of energy supplies, different options for the location of C.; Munín Doce, A.