BOOK REVIEWS

The in Duluth to provide the men proper protection despite clearly ris - By Michael Fedo ing tensions in the city. (St. Paul: Historical Society Press, 2000 . 208 p. Even though rape was never proven and no alleged Paper, $ 14 .95 .) rapist was ever positively identified, one surviving black circus worker was convicted of rape and eventually served Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie four years of a 30 -year sentence. Another was acquitted. are hardly household names in Duluth and the rest of A few members of the white lynch mob were convicted of Minnesota. In fact, they were lost or deliberately buried inciting to riot and served short sentences. Black Duluth- until Michael Fedo, in The Lynchings in Duluth, restored to ians, however, suffered lingering effects that included our attention this trio of slain black circus workers, along housing, job, and educational discrimination lasting into 1960 with an ugly chapter in this state’s past. These 19 - and 20 - the s. 1919 year-old men were the victims of racial by a fren - In postwar housing shortages and labor strife zied mob on June 15 , 1920 . Such heinous acts are not fused with white racial fears and hatreds to produce race 26 supposed to happen in the land of Minnesota Nice. riots in American towns and cities. The Duluth tragedy 1919 Fedo, a former correspondent for the New York Times was sandwiched between the of and 1921 and a professor at North Hennepin Community College the bloody racial rampage in Tulsa in . Given this in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, relied chiefly upon newspa - national context, the question of “Why Duluth?” might be pers, personal interviews, and the Minnesota Historical changed more appropriately to “Why not Duluth?” What Society archives to reconstruct the tragic developments in makes Minnesotans think they are so different from other Duluth. He attributed the causes of racial tension in Americans? Duluth to actions by U. S. Steel, the city’s largest employ - In a thought-provoking introduction, William Green er, which had imported black field hands from the South of Augsburg College, Minneapolis, probed the moral to stifle strike threats by white workers. In addition, rest - implications of the . His own research less white World War I veterans, yearning for a chance to affirmed the accuracy of Fedo’s account, which lacks foot - show their patriotic manhood, had threatened to run notes and contains some fictitious names. Fittingly, Green blacks out of town. Some of these veterans were still credited Fedo’s straightforward narrative with helping to incensed over having seen black American soldiers with bring much needed closure to the tragic deaths of Clay- white French women overseas. Then, white Duluthians ton, Jackson, and McGhie. heard the news that a young white woman had been Reviewed by associate professor of history at raped by a group of black men who worked for the travel - Donald H. Strasser, Minnesota State University, Mankato, who has taught African ing circus that had come to town. American history since 1968. Though the woman in question showed no medical signs of being sexually assaulted and said nothing to her parents on the night of the alleged attack, white Duluth officials and citizens rushed to judgment. They believed the story told by the young woman’s boyfriend—to which Star Island, a Minnesota she later largely attested—that four men had raped her in a field just beyond the circus tents. Quickly, news and Summer Community rumors raced through the streets of Duluth, and six By Carol Ryan black workers were jailed. Members of an unruly mob (St. Paul: Pogo Press, 2000 . 231 p. Paper, $ 19 .95 .) of between 5,000 and 10 ,000 that had crowded onto Superior Street then broke into the jail and lynched three Carol Ryan’s book about this summer community is a prisoners by hanging them from a lamppost. For the most significant contribution to the literature that documents part, Duluth authorities were either unable or unwilling the history of Minnesota’s seasonal recreation industry. In

WINTER 2000–2001 211 addition, it is a striking example of work that relies on the the same questions of each narrator, Ryan demonstrates technique of oral history for gathering much of the infor - solid oral history techniques. But, as oral historians are mation. well aware, conducting interviews is only one step in the It is perhaps no coincidence that a map of Star Island process of producing a work. Ryan has also demonstrated looks like a distorted map of the United States. One dis - good editing capabilities in arranging the selected inter - covers within the first few pages of the book that folks views to best tell the story of Star Island. In addition, she from a number of places made up the summer commun- has included photographs and illustrations together with ity that began in 1909 when the fledgling Forest Service some previously written histories of the island and a vari - opened portions of the Minnesota National Forest (later ety of newspaper clippings from the Star Island Loon and renamed Chippewa National Forest) for recreational use. the Cass Lake Times. Star Island, a two-square-mile land mass near the center of If there are those who still feel that oral history cap - Cass Lake in northern Minnesota, was included. After sev - tures only disconnected memories and reminiscences, eral lots for cottages were platted, the Forest Service began Star Island: A Minnesota Summer Community serves as a issuing leases to prospective builders. The part of the good example of how oral history can be an effective and island still owned by Indians was eventually parceled off by unique tool for documenting collective memory. Without the Cass Lake Indian office. The island’s continuing con - oral sources, the story of Star Island would be far less nection to the Forest Service gives a unique dimension to complete. the community. (Leases are automatically renewed for 20 years.) Except for an inn that operated for a short time, a Reviewed by Marilyn McGriff, a local historian from Braham, lodge building that offered some recreational opportuni - Minnesota, who has served as president of the Oral History ties, and a few rental cabins, family cottages have been the Association of Minnesota. Her article “Minnesota Swedes mainstay of the island’s summer community. Raising Cane,” published in Minnesota History, Spring 1999, “Too hot, went to the lake,” the title of Peg Meier’s documents a Swedish American colony in Cuba during the early work on the phenomenon of summer retreats in the years of the twentieth century. north country, also describes the appeal of Star Island. In the book’s first chapter, those who first ventured to the island from places like Kansas City and Lincoln, Nebraska, tell of their desire to escape oppressive summer heat. Succeeding chapters continue the story of the island’s Ojibwa Powwow World development through World War II and beyond, ending By Sylvie Berbaum, edited and translated by Michael M. Pomedli with the “newcomers”— Ryan and her family among (Thunder Bay, ON: Lakehead University Centre for them—who discovered the island community in the 1960 s Northern Studies, 2000 . 248 p. Paper, $ 25 .00 Canadian.) and 1970 s. Interspersed through the book are chapters on epic events, mostly storms, and community projects. Ethnomusicologists should welcome a report on the Ryan concludes with her thoughts on the meaning of the musical culture of the Ojibwe of northwestern Ontario, place. Also included are an index and a bibliography of for the area has been underrepresented in the literature. selected readings on summer communities. Unfortunately, although the author demonstrates a famil - To document the story of Star Island, Ryan conducted iarity with sources on the Ojibwe—her bibliography shows 103 interviews with current and former residents, includ - more than 250 entries—this is a flawed book. ing someone from every household. Nineteen representa - Some of Berbaum’s assertions are incorrect, and ques - tive interviews appear in the book, and all are on file at tionable statements are unsupported by sources. Her the Minnesota Historical Society. claim that “a woman never has a water drum” in the med- In capturing the islanders’ own stories, Ryan has suc - icine lodge contradicts Selwyn Dewdney’s published ceeded in presenting an entertaining and informative medicine-scroll pictographs showing women carrying such social history of the island. The narrators’ own words pro - drums and leading processions during lodge ceremonies. vide a personalized account of the challenges and rewards Her “young male dancers called ‘fancy dancers’ (whose of island living, the changes brought by modernization outfits are made of wool fringes)” are, in fact, Grass and technology, and the role Star Island has played in Dancers. Fancy Dancers wear splayed feather bustles on their family’s lives. It comes as no surprise that many of the lower and upper back and upper arms. Berbaum also the island’s homes have been passed from generation to tells us that in the Hoop Dance, “the number of hoops generation. A common thread running through the inter - depends on the power of the healer-dancer,” suggesting a views is the residents’ desire for isolation and respite from sacred use for the dance. The Hoop Dance, however, is a their lives off the island. They express an extremely close recent import from the southern Plains—a secular “show” connection to their island retreat—precisely because it’s dance by an individual, usually mounted to impress mostly an island—yet at the same time they value the community non-Indian audiences. that was created primarily on the basis of place. Berbaum also accepts unsubstantiated claims of other In gathering a large sample of interviews and asking writers, such as the “Seven fire” concept of Ojibwe migra -

212 MINNESOTA HISTORY tion from the East Coast. In the Journal of American Folklore Furthermore, the transcriptions’ layout—phrase by (1978 ), I showed that there were many more than seven phrase, interspersed with variations and enormous blank stopping places, as have other researchers–-including spaces—makes them awkward to read. Walter J. Hoffman as early as 1885 . In addition, she re- In addition, the author’s musical analyses are flawed peats incorrect information from her informants, such as by imprecise and confusing use of musical terminology the opinion that the old Moccasin Game songs were text - and spiritual interpretations of melodic characteristics. less—a belief contradicted by ethnomusicologist Frances Take, for example, her discussion of drumbeat accompa - Densmore’s findings early in the twentieth century. niment for songs. When she writes “triple drumbeat,” Other factual errors abound. Densmore’s informant is she really means two beats, the first of which is heavily called Nodinens, not Nodimens, and “The Rite of the accented and twice the duration of the weak beat that fol - Drum of Andrew Davis” correctly belongs to Henry Davis lows. (This would be rendered notationally as a triplet.) at Mille Lacs. Berbaum’s claim that I list Funeral Songs in Berbaum also gives her own twist to standard musical my dissertation as being secular is totally unfounded. terms without explaining their new meaning. For Berbaum’s superficial familiarity with Indian music instance, when describing song style, she writes, “The elsewhere in North America is evident, but some rituals voice evolves according to a free rhythm of an improvised she describes in Wabigoon, Ontario, are simply local varia - style which I call the Ojibwa rubato.” Her propensity for tions of widespread practices. For example, a feather fall - spiritual explanations leads her to investigate “the ethos of en from a dancer’s attire is a serious incident, taken as a scales.” To support her acceptance of Hultkranz’s “soul foreboding of illness or death and requiring a small cere - dualism” in native North America, she forwards the in- mony to rectify matters. Her description of this ceremony supportable argument that the singer’s voice and drum is rich in details specific to Wabigoon, but she does not accompaniment are separate, independent expressions acknowledge the existence of the practice elsewhere. moving at different tempi—a notion she may have en- Like other “New Age” approaches to Native American countered in Densmore’s published transcriptions from culture, Ojibwa Powwow World wanders the cultural land - the early-twentieth century, which give different tempo scape searching for universalities, creating its own vocabu - markings for the voice and drum. lary as it goes, with terms such as “musico-arithmo-cosmo - While her choreographic descriptions are fairly accu - logico complex” and “theriomorphic helper.” Among rate, the author mentions recent dance importations with - nonmusical topics touched upon are diagnostic tech - out explanation. Surely anyone interested in dance would niques used in acupuncture, Ricoeur’s “circle of herme- want some description of the “Indian Break Dance” neutics,” Eliade on Siberian mythology, gnostic theology, included in the list of Ojibwe social dances at Wabigoon and the Platonic world. The author’s obsession with and some meaning for the comment that, for intertribal numerology induced her to report the existence of “an songs, “Each individual has a free ‘disco’ movement.” Ojibwa belief in seven natural ways of healing: crying, talk - Despite its many drawbacks, Ojibwa Powwow World ing, laughing, trembling, yawning, yelling, and sweating.” belongs on the shelf of every student of Ojibwe culture, One must conclude that Berbaum’s work was pub - if only for the wealth of information about current lished prematurely. She devoted a mere nine months Canadian practices. Other positive elements include good intermittently from 1991 to 1994 to field research, mostly new information in interview transcripts on the mide in the Kenora area of Ontario. Her recordings were not (medicine lodge) and a number of new versions of the made in proximity to the singers (she felt unwelcome in origin of the ceremonial dance drum. Berbaum also eli- the drum arbor) but from the spectators’ bleachers, which cited some unusual and surprising contemporary beliefs. she claims was good enough because the songs were For example, a Sioux Lookout informant explained that, broadcast through a public-address system. The distortion whereas menstruating women were once forbidden from of music played through such a source, however, is obvi - approaching the drum, “Now, with modern protection, ous to anyone who has ever attended a powwow. The qual - their prohibition is less strict!” ity of these recordings casts doubt on her assertion that It is especially interesting to compare the Canadian “We can sometimes recognize to whom a song belongs practices Berbaum describes with those current in the because of some melodic or ornamental characteristics, U.S. Rarely observed below the border is the Canadian even if during a powwow the lead singer’s or the drum restriction of the drum arbor to “traditional” (ceremoni - group’s voice quality is very noticeable.” al) drums, requiring “contemporary” (store-bought The musical transcriptions on which Berbaum’s analy - marching-band) drums to locate around the periphery of ses are based occupy more than half of the publication. the dance circle. The greater native language retention in At best, musical transcriptions are skeletal representations Canada is evident in powwow invocations, which are given of performances and are essentially meaningless without “in a high Ojibwa language used for religious speeches” access to the recordings on which they are based. Ignor- and not understood by all native speakers. In the U.S., it is ing standard ethnomusicological practice, Berbaum increasingly difficult to find native speakers to perform nowhere indicates where the recordings are archived, this task. Likewise, the important role of dreaming seems should one wish to verify the accuracy of her notations. intact in Ontario; one must dream about a ceremonial

WINTER 2000–2001 213 drum four times before being able to make it. (This belief residents of local communities. Most feature the initial seems related to Wisconsin drum maker Bineshi Baker’s settlement period, major calamities, extreme weather con - assertion that he had the spiritual authority to build four ditions, the impact of wars and economic depressions, drums in his lifetime.) overviews of institutions and organizations, and biographi - Comparison with my own research findings in Minne- cal summaries of community leaders, mining officials, and sota and Wisconsin reveals a generally more conservative colorful characters. While these local efforts generally do musical culture in Canada, as well. For instance, the Trav- not venture into interpretation or place the communities eling Song, a relic from the former Drum Dance used to into a broader historical, social, or geographical context, close a powwow, which has disappeared from U.S. reper - the facts, information, and sources they contain can be toires, is still performed at Wabigoon. Canadians have also useful to researchers interested in making broader analy - retained emphasis on clockwise ritual movement in their ses of the entire Iron Range. Barbara A. Milkovich’s book, installation of drums before the powwow and in the order a local history of the eastern Mesabi Range community of in which they play after the Grand Entry. South of the bor - Franklin, is unusual in that it is written by an academic der, drums are usually called to play based on their order historian. Currently a research historian for California on a registration list. State University at Dominguez Hills, Milkovich became Because the author raises more questions than she familiar with Franklin during the 1980 s because it was her answers, this book is, by her own admission, tentative at husband’s home town. Franklin was incorporated as a vil - best. Scarcely a topic goes by without a concluding remark lage along Virginia’s northeastern boundary in 1915 . At such as, “the area to be investigated remains vast” or least 13 locations—developed by various mining compa - “these questions are topics for another study.” Some para - nies—were included within the boundaries of Franklin, graphs, in fact, consist of strings of unanswered questions. although four were most important: Franklin, Higgins, We can hope that Berbaum will refine her research and Lincoln, and Shaw. Over time, expanding open-pit min - answer some of them. ing operations resulted in the loss of virtually all evidence of residential activity in Franklin; by 2000 only a few Reviewed by Thomas Vennum Jr., senior ethnomusicologist at houses still stood in a remnant of Shaw Location. the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage at the Smithsonian While Milkovich employed numerous sources— Institution. maps, photographs, village records, newspapers, architec - tural drawings, and secondary accounts—to document the evolution of Franklin, it is her use of oral history that makes the book come to life. Her informants noted their general satisfaction with life in Franklin, especially during It’s Gone; Did You Notice? A History of the time when the community was envisioned as a “secure the Mesabi Range Village of Franklin, environment.” Such security, however, occurred only if residents followed the mining company’s regulations and Minnesota, 1892–1994 maintained employment with the firm: “If he [the miner] By Barbara A. Milkovich was no longer employed by the company, he and his fami - (Huntington Beach, CA: Magarac Books, 2000 . 170 p. ly were required to leave their location home.” The fact Paper, $ 21 .95 plus $ 4.00 shipping.) that so little remains of the locations anywhere on the Iron Range testifies to the often forced movement of peo - Rather few published books feature the overall his- ple and buildings in the past. tory of northern Minnesota’s Iron Range, which includes The book is handsomely designed, has attractive the Vermilion, Mesabi, and Cuyuna ore-producing ranges. typography, and contains a number of well-reproduced One of the major reasons for this dearth is the complexity illustrations. The only quibbles I have are minor, such as of the region, which some have termed Minnesota’s “cul - the use of a semicolon in the title and the narrow inner ture unto itself.” Anyone seeking to write a comprehensive margins of the type pages that force readers to endanger interpretation of Iron Range history must deal with geol- the binding. These small complaints aside, I must empha - ogy, landscape transformation, mining technology, labor size that Milkovich’s book represents the best case study issues, politics, and a myriad of ethnic groups. Further- available for any small community on the Iron Range. If more, the region’s complex settlement pattern includes more local studies of this quality were prepared for other numerous towns, such as Hibbing, Virginia, and Eveleth, settlements, then the overall history of the Iron Range and hundreds of company-controlled residential enclaves could be more thoroughly and adequately addressed. or “locations,” most of which were adjacent to individual mine sites. Reviewed by Arnold R. Alanen, who teaches landscape history What does characterize the historiography of the at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has written exten - Iron Range, however, is the relatively large number of sively about the cultural landscapes, settlements, and immigrant brief studies that have been written by former and current groups of the Iron Range and northeastern Minnesota.

214 MINNESOTA HISTORY NEWS & NOTES

OUR READERS WRITE: In “Searching for decades, and I daresay most senior citi - left the farm when his father became a Florence” (Minnesota History, Fall 2000), zens today could hum the chorus from small-town banker, a profession that Benjamin Filene recounted a surprising memory. could be unstable in the 1930 s and research journey launched by a photo of a “Secondly, the woman pictured on 1940 s. It took the family from Grove young girl seated in front of her piano. the sheet music cover . . . is Reine City to Alberta, Minnesota, and then to Filene’s quest elicited many admiring com - Davies, a popular music comedy per - Regent, North Dakota. The 143 -page ments, some of which follow. former of the time. She also appeared paperback was published by Lone Oak Will Powers, design and production man - in several silent films around 1915 . . . . Press, Red Wing, Minnesota, in 1999 ager at the Minnesota Historical Society She lived from 1892 until a relatively and sells for $ 12 .95 . Press and no mean sleuth himself, wrote: early death in 1938 at 45 years of age. “I enjoyed your piece about Florence. Her main claim to fame is probably the COMMUNITY OF STRANGERS: Change, There is something haunting about that fact that she was the older sister of Turnover, Turbulence and the Transfor- photo: she looks such a mature young Marion Davies, the film star most mation of a Midwestern Country Town by lady. A nice bit of sleuthing. famous for being the longtime mistress Joseph Amato and John Radzilowski “But you needed a forensic typogra - of William Randolph Hearst. (Marshall: Crossings Press, 1999 , 109 pher. I was somehow dubious of ‘Moon “As the song was published in 1909 , p., paper, $ 11 .95 ) focuses on the busi - Wind’ as a song title, so I ran through the picture on the sheet music cover ness history of one regional center in all the capital letterforms that would was taken . . . when Reine was still a rural southwestern Minnesota and the have that vertical stroke and serif for - teenager. Comparing her picture to a effects of business on the continuity of mation: B D E F H I K L M N P R. picture of a late teenaged Marion . . . community. While it offers a short his- ‘Wind,’ ‘Wine,’ and ‘Wink’ were the the family resemblance is striking and tory of Lyon County’s Marshall, it also most likely second words in the title. unmistakable.” explores the effects of centralized Then the detail on page 137 shows one At the end of his article, Filene concluded, power, cultural homogenizing, and eye shut on the man in the moon. A “It was time to call it quits.” Or was it? He national and international markets on quick search of Google shows a 1904 soon discovered: the increasingly fragmented lives of res - mazurka called ‘Moon Winks,’ and “After reading ‘Searching for idents of prairie towns. Social science indeed there is room for the cap S on Florence,’ Ruth Anderson of MHS’s approaches and data make this book the right side of the sheet. reference department pointed me to more than a simple town history, and “Not that this would have been one www.ancestry.com, which has the Social readers will find it thought provoking. damn bit of help finding Florence. But Security Death Index online. In a jiffy, I it is how a forensic typographer spends had a list of 16 Florence Jensens from FOUR HANDSOMELY printed “region - part of his weekend.” Minnesota, their birth dates, and the al essays” about southwestern Minne- Sheet-music collectors Nancy and Mar- months and years of their deaths. ‘My’ sota are available from the Society for garet Bergh also recognized the mystery man- Florence, it turns out, died in October the Study of Local and Regional History in-the-moon music, adding that it was by 1982 . With that information, I scrolled in Marshall. Scott Anfinson’s Prairie, George Stevens and was billed as a “three through microfilm of the St Paul Pioneer Lakes, and People: The Archaeology of step . . . a piano solo. I don’t know if it Press. On October 11 , 1982 , an obituary Southwestern Minnesota (1998 , 32 p.) was ever published as a song with announced the death of Florence E. takes a geographical, geological, lyrics,” wrote Nancy Bergh. Jensen, 84 , of White Bear Lake. archaeological, and anthropological As the article reveals, Filene was able to “That’s all for now.” look at the region. David E. Wright’s obtain a copy of “Meet Me Tonight in The Farm Chemurgic: Changes in Agricul- Dreamland,” the other piece of sheet music CROSSING THE BRIDGE: Growing Up tural Entrepreneurship Between the Two arrayed on Florence’s piano. That piece Norwegian-American in Depression and World Wars (1998 , 29 p.) looks at moved James K. Foster of Minneapolis to War, 1925 –1946, by Earl A. Reitan, is a attempts by industrialists and scientists share “a small bit of additional, quite periph - combined family history and memoir by to save the American countryside eral, information”: a Grove City, Minnesota, farm boy who through the introduction of new crops “First, the song was extremely popu - grew up to become a historian at and scientific farming. Thomas D. lar in its time and, indeed, for several Illinois State University. Reitan’s family Isern’s The Cultures of Agriculture on the

WINTER 2000–2001 215 North American Plains (1998 , 26 p.) city, the group has remained active MINNES OT A reflects on regional changes since the through a century, changing with the 1950 s. Donald D. Stull’s On the Cutting times but never abandoning its basic HIS TORICAL Edge: Changes in Midwestern Meatpacking mission. Besides introducing emerging SOCIETY Communities (1997 , 29 p.) explores the artists to Duluth (Percy Grainger, Pablo economic and human consequences of Casals, Shirley Verrett, and Dawn

OFFICERS the new, decentralized meatpacking Upshaw among them), the group has and poultry-dressing industries. All four also sponsored music education and Richard T. Murphy, Sr., President publications, and many more related to provided an outlet for local composers. Martha H. Kaemmer, Vice-President the region, are available for $ 3.00 each Lists of famous soloists and organiza - from the Regional History Society at tion presidents for the past 99 years Donald C. McIlrath, Vice-President 507 -537 -7373 . conclude the booklet, which can be William C. Melton, Vice-President ordered from Ellen Marsden, 1112 Eleanor C. Winston, Vice-President ANOTHER CHAPTER is added to the Missouri Ave., Duluth 55811 ; 218 -724 - story of attempts to convert the region’s 4694 . Bruce W. Bean, Treasurer Native Americans and mixed-blood Nina M. Archabal, Secretary people in Keith R. Widder’s well re- INSIGHTS visual and literary from searched and balanced book, Battle for astute Minnesota observers are featured EXECUTIVE COUNCIL the Soul: Métis Children Encounter Evan- in Voyageur Press’s Minnesota Days: Arnold C. Anderson gelical Protestants at Mackinaw Mission, Our Heritage in Stories, Art, and Photos, Charles W. Arnason 1823 –1837 (East Lansing: Michigan edited by Michael Dregni (Stillwater, Annette Atkins State University Press, 1999 , 254 p., 1999 , 160 p., cloth, $ 35 .00 ). Included Sharon L. Avent paper, $ 24 .95 ). The book chronicles are short selections from writers such Gretchen U. Beito William and Amanda Ferry’s failed as Keillor, Wilder, Lewis, Flandreau, Diane Berthel attempt to win souls for their church by Holm, LaDuke, Parks, LeSueur, Fair- Brenda J. Child running a boarding school for Métis banks, Gruchow, and Hassler, as well as Tobin Dayton children, which proved more successful stunning images from Brandenburg, Charlton Dietz at reviving Catholicism than at making Blacklock, Gag, Jaques, Gawboy, Huie, Roland P. Dille the children and their parents into Firth, anonymous historical photogra - practicing Protestants or abandoning phers, and more. Attractively designed Carl B. Drake, Jr. the fur trade for a more “settled” way and handsomely printed, this coffee- Harold A. Frederick of life. table book makes good reading to boot. Marshall R. Hatfield Karen A. Humphrey THE VAST INLAND SEA of grasses, A RECENT publication, St. Anthony of Lucy R. Jones buried for a century beneath farms, Padua Catholic Cemetery, Minneapolis, Lois E. Josefson cities, and suburbs, has endured not Minnesota, 1851 –1995, contains an Martha H. Kaemmer only in occasional physical remnants alphabetical listing of the almost 15 ,000 Sylvia C. Kaplan but in the memories of settlers and persons buried in Minnesota Territory’s Jayne B. Khalifa their descendants, books by prairie first Catholic cemetery. Begun two years David A. Koch authors, and the work of prairie artists. after the Church of St. Anthony was Mary Mackbee Recovering the Prairie, edited by Robert F. founded in what became northeastern Fred Perez Sayre (Madison: University of Wiscon- Minneapolis, the burial ground served Peter R. Reis sin Press, 1999 , 224 p., cloth, $ 37 .95 ), French Canadians, then Irish, Eastern Raymond A. Reister examines the perspectives of writers Europeans, Italians, and other ethnic Kennon V. Rothchild and artists including Aldo Leopold, groups. Compiled from numerous Janet R. Shapiro Wes Jackson, Jens Jensen, and Willa sources, the listings include name, age, Eugene C. Sit Cather, who have recognized the eco- date of burial, and location within the Paul A. Verret system’s unique beauty. A color port- cemetery, as well as other details. The Eleanor C. Winston folio of modern artworks confirms the 198 -page paperback is available from Edward J. Zapp haunting visual appeal of open land the publisher, Park Genealogical Books, and sky. P.O. Box 130968 , Roseville, MN 55113 - EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS 0968 , for $ 25 .00 plus sales tax and Jesse Ventura, Governor HANDSOME design and engaging $3.00 shipping and handling for one photos enhance Sr. Mary Richard Boo’s volume ($. 50 each additional copy). Mae Schunk, Lieutenant Governor booklet, A City Filled with Music: 100 Mary Kiffmeyer, Secretary of State Years of the Duluth’s Matinee Musicale Mike Hatch, Attorney General (Duluth: Kolath Graphics, 1999 , 23 p., Judith Dutcher, State Auditor $5.00 plus $ 1.00 postage and han - Carol Johnson, State Treasurer dling). Organized by upper-class women to bring classical music to their

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