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The Simulation of Selfhood in Cyberspace UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-1994 The simulation of selfhood in cyberspace Denise Michelle Dalaimo University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Dalaimo, Denise Michelle, "The simulation of selfhood in cyberspace" (1994). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/q2eu-lnji This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographicaily in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 The Simulation of Selfhood in Cyberspace by Denise M. Dalaimo A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master o f Arts in Sociology Department of Sociology University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 1995 UMI Number: 1374870 UMI Microform 1374870 Copyright 1995, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 The Thesis of Denise M. Dalaimo for the degree of Master of Aits in Sociology is approved. Chairperson, David Dickens, Ph.D. EgaminiillfCommittee Member, Simon Gottschalk, Ph.D. Examining Committee Member, Andrea Fontana, Ph.D. (auate Faculty Representative, Joseph^McCullough, Ph.D. Interim Dean of the Graduate College, Cheryl Bowles, Ed.D. University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 1995 ii ABSTRACT The first part of this paper is a socio-historical inquiry into various conceptions of self and selfhood from ancient to postmodern times. Part two is the product of ethnographic research conducted on the Internet which examines the simulation and evocation of selfhood in Cyberspace. Specific "Cyburgs" examined include electronic mail, newsgroups, discussion lists, and multi-user realities. While "results" as such were not expected -- nor desired -- an evocation of this particular ethnographic experience reveals that Cyberspace is the ultimate environment for the nourishment of the fragmented, multi-phrenic, contradictoiy postmodern self. Visual anonymity and lack of social status cues allow the user to experiment with different aspects of selfhood, as well as to "disguise" him/herself completely. Consistent with previous research on the increase in uninhibited behavior in computer-mediated communication, there was a significant fascination with virtual act of Cyber-sex. Lastly, gender differences in communication do seem to cany' over into Cyberspace, and although women can change log-ins to gender neutral names to avoid discrimination and/or harassment, this is not the norm, and usually occurs only in severe cases. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL SOURCES OF THE SELF ......................................... 4 A. Ancient and Medieval Conceptions ........................................................... 4 B. Modernity ...................................................................................................... 7 C. The Early Feminist Self ............................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 3: THE SELF IN POSTMODERNITY ................................................. 18 A. Postmodern Selfhood .................................................................................. 18 B. Feminism in the Postmodern ...................................................................... 20 C. The Diverse Self .......................................................................................... 22 D. The Self Meets Cyberspace ....................................................................... 24 1. Coordination and Feedback .......................................................... 25 2. Absence of Contextual Cues ......................................................... 26 3. Deindividuation ................................................................................ 28 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................. 30 A. Theoretical Influences .................................................................................. 30 B. Research Questions and Foci ..................................................................... 31 C. The Cyber-Field ............................................................................................ 32 D. Methods ......................................................................................................... 34 E. Where Am I Coming From? ...................................................................... 37 F. Ethics and Politics ......................................................................................... 39 G. Self-Reflexivity ............................................................................................. 40 iv CHAPTER 5: SIMULATING THE CYBER-SELF 42 A. Level One: Electronic Mail ........................................................................ 43 1. Handles, Log-ins, and Signatures................................................... 44 B. Level Two: Newsgroups .............................................................................. 46 1. Soapnews .......................................................................................... 46 2. Melrose Place ................................................................................... 48 3. Barney and Friends .......................................................................... 51 C-. Level Three: Discussion Lists ..................................................................... 51 D. Level Four: Welcome to MUDs, MUCKs, MOOs, and MUSHes! .. 54 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 65 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 71 v PREFACE I didn't choose this thesis topic, it chose me. As a graduate student I found myself using electronic mail and the Internet more and more. I began to lose touch with those friends who weren't "online," and became increasingly close with those friends who had e- mail accounts, as well as with new "electronic" friends. I began to have very different experiences with online relationships, and there seemed to be a huge difference between what people would say and do during face-to-face conversation, and what they would write while hiding behind their computer screen. As I progressed in my studies, it dawned on me that the interactions and relationships I was experiencing in Cyberspace seemed to epitomize what I was learning about the fluid, fragmented and contradictory postmodern self. The few times I've met online friends in person they've never been how I imagined them, and many people I knew in "real life" acted differently online — and these differences appear to me to embrace a pattern of uninhibited behavior. Specifically, an experience with sexual harassment over electronic mail by a good friend who was a "perfect gentleman" in "real-life" but quite different online, has led me to wonder how,
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