The following paper was originally presented at the Seventh System Administration Conference (LISA ’93) Monterey, California, November, 1993 Collaborative Networked Communication: MUDs as Systems Tools Remy Evard Northeastern University For more information about USENIX Association contact: 1. Phone: 510 528-8649 2. FAX: 510 548-5738 3. Email: [email protected] 4. WWW URL: http://www.usenix.org Collaborative Networked Communication: MUDs as Systems Tools Rémy Evard – Northeastern University ABSTRACT A systems administration group is only as effective as its internal communication mechanisms. On-line communication has traditionally been managed via electronic mail or news, which are neither real-time nor truly collaborative. Communication tools which let multiple parties work together in real-time have become widespread on the Internet in the last several years. In an effort to keep a physically disjoint systems staff working together effectively, we have explored the use of MUDs as communications tools. By allowing many people to interact in an extensible environment, MUDs have solved many of the problems that we had with on-line communication, and provided many unexpected benefits as well. Introduction related projects each term of the school year as part of a volunteer program, and may put in as much Multi User Dungeons, or MUDs, are widely time as the full-time staff (or perhaps more). used on the Internet as interactive role-playing games. They use valuable network resources, attract With this many people involved in systems pro- unruly users, and are often run by students who jects, coordination and communication become didn’t quite bother to ask the permission of the local essential to making effective progress. The work authorities. As such, they are considered one of the places are scattered around the building, many peo- banes of systems administrators, and perhaps rightly ple work from home, and the students and hackers so. on the group tend to keep unconventional hours, so meeting physically in order to coordinate is not Recently MUDs have been seen in a new light always practical. by some. While they are used most often as gaming environments, the software is in no way constrained Communication Needs of a Systems Group to just that purpose. Instead, it is possible to pro- gram an environment in the MUD that is suitable for In any organization, communication between its socializing and communicating. The MUD becomes members dictates how well the group functions. a virtual ‘‘place’’ on the network where people can This is true of a community of any size. Consider meet and collaborate on various projects. the havoc created when a telephone network ceases functioning, the problems attributed to lack of com- In this paper, we present our experiences in munication in today’s families, or (sigh) what hap- using a MUD as a tool for improving the communi- pens when electronic mail quits flowing. cations of our systems administration group. Different communications tools are appropriate Site Information for different types of communication. The users on our network notify us of problems and make requests The Experimental Systems Group manages the by sending electronic mail to ‘‘systems’’. We work computing environment within the College of Com- with them individually either through email or in puter Science at Northeastern University, which is person. We use newsgroups for announcing changes located in Boston, Massachusetts. The College which will affect everyone, such as impending operates approximately 300 computers of various downtime or new software installations. We also types, including Macs, PCs, and a set of UNIX have newsgroups for open discussion of systems- workstations consisting primarily of SPARCs and related issues. DECstations. About 800 users keep the computers, the network, and the systems group very busy. Internally, much of the systems group’s coordi- nation is done via electronic mail. (We have a The core group currently consists of five full- separate alias that we don’t share with the user com- time staff members (two of whom are students munity. This is enormously useful when combined enrolled in a cooperative education program) and with judicious use of mail filters.) Email within the several over-active student volunteers. In addition, group is nice for announcing future plans, sending eight to twelve students participate in systems- notices about changes, or communicating nearly any 1993 LISA – November 1-5, 1993 – Monterey, CA 1 Collaborative Networked Communication: MUDs as Systems Tools Evard non time-critical type of information. It provides a Interacting with a MUD handy way to log changes, is extremely convenient, The majority of existing MUDs are text-based. and is largely non-interruptive, so you may choose One types commands to them using a primitive when to read your new email. (If you’re on the English-like set of commands, and sees the results in group, you always have new mail.) a like manner. They are very reminiscent of the ori- Despite its flexibility, we discovered that elec- ginal Colossal Cave adventure. tronic mail was not appropriate for all of the types For example, I could type: of communication that we needed. Time-dependent information is one example: sending email saying look ‘‘Is anyone in the machine room right now?’’ just and the response might be: doesn’t work if the person in the machine room doesn’t read their mail while there. Further, it’s not You are standing in a sunny, grassy very effective for round-table discussions. While park-like area, under the sprawling email can be used this way, we have noticed that the limbs of a weeping willow tree, quoting mechanism commonly used in electronic growing on the banks of a small mail can turn a potential brainstorming session into a stream. To the south you see a nitpicking mechanism. Worse, it’s not quite real- university campus. A trail winds time, so the discussion will tend to die out, or north into a forest. Erik is here. become multi-threaded. Technically, what happened is that I typed the Because of the distributed nature of our group, string ‘‘look’’ to my client program. It sent that we needed to be able to have on-line discussions and command to the MUD server, which parsed it (not to communicate about real-time issues. Email very difficult in this case). The server then calcu- wasn’t working out well, and news clearly wasn’t lated the effects of my command on the objects in the right direction in which to move. Many pro- the server (which was to retrieve the description of grams available on the Internet provide interactive my location), and sent the result back to my client, networked communication, and presented interesting which printed it on my screen. possibilities. After some exploration, we decided to In order to establish a connection with a MUD, test a MUD for a few weeks. you must have a ‘‘character’’ on the server. You MUDs must supply a password to login to the MUD as that character, much like when you login to a UNIX MUD stands for Multi User Dungeon (or, workstation. Once the connection has been opened, pretentiously, Multi User Dimension). The original all the commands that you type are perceived to MUD was written in 1979 by Roy Trubshaw and come from your character. When you close the con- Richard Bartle on a DECsystem-10 at Essex Univer- nection, the state of your character (location, posses- sity [Bart90]. It was a game similar to the classic sions, etc) may or may not be preserved by the Colossal Cave adventure, except that it allowed mul- server. tiple people to play at the same time and interact The MUD server typically presents a virtual with each other. Reportedly, this was enormously space organized into ‘‘rooms’’. A room, in the popular, and the idea caught on. MUD sense, corresponds to a place where characters The original idea has evolved over the years or objects may be located. In the example above, I into a client/server architecture. The MUD server was in a room described as a park-like area. If I manipulates the database of objects in the virtual typed ‘‘north’’, I would have been moved to a new world, is programmable in some sort of language room, presumably some ways down the windy path that allows one to extend the set of objects, and and into the forest. accepts network connections from clients. The The primary means of communication within a client’s primary task is to send and receive I/O MUD is by talking to other people who are located between the server and the user. The MUD server in the same room as you are. An example transcript exists on one machine on the network, while the might look like: client is typically run by the users on their own machines. Woj [to Remy]: I looked in Tom’s office, and found that we don’t Today, there are perhaps a dozen popular types have the right kind of scsi of MUDs available on the Internet. They vary in cable. many details, such as their embedded programming > say Hmm. language and their storage methods for the objects You say, "Hmm." they manipulate, but all have the capacity to allow Ivan says, "We’ve got to have one multiple users to interact within some shared con- somewhere." text. 2 1993 LISA – November 1-5, 1993 – Monterey, CA Evard Collaborative Networked Communication: MUDs as Systems Tools Woj says, "Well, we do have one, MUDs are multiuser capable. A large number but it’s only a half-foot of people can interact with each other at once. long." MUDs are extensible. Any decent MUD > emote tries to think of the server will have an embedded programming type of cable you need.