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Detailed Project Report of Iwmp, Kolasib – I Project

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Detailed Project Report of Iwmp, Kolasib – I Project DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (Common Guideline) DETAILED PROJECT REPORT KOLASIB – I Duration of the Project 2010 -2016 Total Area to be treated : 2998 ha. Total Project Cost : Rs. 449.70 lakhs. Implementing Agency Block Development Officer, Bilkhawthlir Rural Development Block Kolasib District, Mizoram Page 1 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME KOLASIB – I Prepared by The Block Development Officer, Bilkhawthlir Rural Development Block Bilkhawthlir, Kolasib District, Mizoram With technical guidance from District Watershed Development Unit cum Data Cell, Kolasib, Mizoram (DRDA, Kolasib) Duration of the Project : 2010 -2016 Implementing Agency Block Development Officer, Bilkhawthlir Rural Development Block Bilkhawthlir, Kolasib District, Mizoram Funded by Ministry of Rural Development Department of Land Resources Government of India Page 2 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT FORWARDING The new approach of watershed development has come into force on April, 2008. Fortunately, the State level Nodal Agency, (Mizoram Watershed Development Agency, MZDWDA) and District Watershed Development Unit, Kolasib appointed as one of the Project Implementing Agency in Kolasib – I within my block, Bilkhawthlir R.D Block. I have no intension to make the Detail Project Report. I requested the officials of District Rural Development Agency, Kolasib District and State Institute of Rural Development, Mzoram, Kolasib to prepare this toughest job. We constituted the Watershed Committee in each and every Village, done Participatory Rural Apprisal for selection of beneficiaries like User Groups, Self Help Groups, Asset less persons, Micro-enterprise Groups and selected site for Entry Point Activities. Procurements of planting materials are to be selected through the Transect Walk and Matrix ranking; this may lead to enhance the users for large scale production and marketing. The entire physical infrastructures are designed and may be suited for this area. Estimates are also enclosed for further reference. I hope this DPR will work efficiently and effectively for the watershed development in a large extent. I wish the DPR may make a great success. Project Implementing Agency Kolasib– I IWMP Project Page 3 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENT Para Content Page no. 1 Chapter – I : Introduction 6 1.2 Mizoram 22 1.3 Kolasib district 25 2 Chapter – II : Location of Watershed & brief history of villages 31 3 Chapter – III : Democraphic features 38 3.1 Population 38 3.2 Livestock details 39 3.3 Land holding & Socio-economic pattern 40 3.4 Migration pattern 42 3.5 Details of CBOs & SHGs. 43 4 Chapter – IV : Infrastructure facilities 46 5 Chapter – V : Land and Cropping system 54 5.1 Land use pattern 54 5.2 Details of CPR 55 5.3 Agriculture implementation tools 56 5.4 Crop classification 57 5.5 Crop & cropping pattern 58 5.6 Soil classification 59 Page 4 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT Para Content (continue….) Page no. 6 Chapter – VI : Climate and Hydrological features 61 7 Chapter – VII : Existing Asset 70 8. Chapter – VIII : Problem typology 75 9. Chapter – IX : Proposed interventions to overcome problems 77 9.1 Entry Point Activities 79 9.2 Capacity building 81 9.3 Productivity enhancement 82 9.4 Livelihood activities for Asset less persons 83 9.5 Works 84 9.6 Withdrawal phase 85 10. Chapter – X : GIS Application (Map) 87 11 Annexure – I : Withdrawal mechanism 113 12 Annexure – II : Details of User Groups 121 13 Annexure – III : Details of Self Help Groups 166 14 Annexure – IV : Details of livelihood activies for the poor 186 15 Annexure – V : Details of Production system and micro-enterprise 190 16 Annexure – VI : Details of Estimates 192 Page 5 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT Chapter – I INTRODUCTION The watershed programmes in India are relatively new, work on soil and water conservation by the Ministry of Agriculture had begun in the early 1960s (Planning Commission, 2004). After independence India relied on multi- purpose reservoirs for providing irrigation and generating hydro-electricity. To stabilize the catchments of reservoirs and to control siltation, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of “Soil Conservation Work in the Catchments of River Valley Projects (RVP)” was launched in 1962-63. The Ministry of Agriculture started a scheme of Integrated Watershed Management in the Catchments of Flood Prone Rivers (FPR) in 1980-81. During the 1980s, several successful experiences of fully treated watersheds, such as Sukhomajri in Haryana and Ralegaon Siddhi in Western Maharashtra, came to be reported. The Ministry of Agriculture launched a scheme for propagation of water harvesting /conservation technology in rainfed areas in 19 identified locations in 1982-83. In October 1984, the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) adopted this approach in 22 other locations in rainfed areas. In these 41 model watersheds the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was also involved to provide research and technology support. The Page 6 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT purpose of these Operation Research Projects was to develop “model watersheds” in different agro-climatic zones of the country. With experience gained from all these, the concept of integrated watershed development was first institutionalized with the launching of the National Watershed Development Programme in Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) in 1990, covering 99 districts in 16 states. Meanwhile, conservation work was ongoing in the Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) launched by MoRD in 1972-73. The objective of this programme was to tackle the special problems of areas constantly affected by severe drought conditions. In 1977-78, the MoRD started a special programme for hot desert areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Haryana and cold desert areas of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh (which were earlier under DPAP) called Desert Development Programme (DDP). These programmes were reviewed in 1973 by a Task Force headed by Dr. B.S. Minhas, by another Task Force headed by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan in 1982 as well as by an Inter-Departmental Group in 1984. In 1988 the National Committee on DPAP and DDP was set up under the Chairmanship of the Member, Planning Commission to appraise and review the DPAP and DDP. The committee was initially headed by Dr. Y.K. Alagh and later by Shri L.C. Jain who took over as Member, Planning Commission in charge of the subject. The committee submitted its report in August 1990. In 1994, a Technical Committee under the Chairmanship of Prof. C.H. Hanumantha Rao was appointed to appraise the impact of the work done under DPAP/DDP; identification of the weaknesses of the programme and to suggest improvements. The Hanumantha Rao Committee felt that “the programmes have been implemented in a fragmented manner by different departments Page 7 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT through rigid guidelines without any well-designed plans prepared on watershed basis by involving the inhabitants. Except in a few places, in most of the programme areas the achievements have been dismal. Ecological degradation has been proceeding unabated in these areas with reduced forest cover, reducing water table and a shortage of drinking water, fuel and fodder” (Hanumantha Rao Committee, 1994, Preface). The Committee, therefore, decided to revamp the strategy of implementation of these programmes, drawing upon the “the outstanding successes” of some ongoing watershed projects. It recommended that sanctioning of works should be on the basis of the action plans prepared on watershed basis instead of fixed amount being allocated per block as was the practice at that time. It called for introduction of participatory modes of implementation, through involvement of beneficiaries of the programme and non-government organisations (NGOs). It recommended that “wherever voluntary organizations are forthcoming, the management of watershed development should be entrusted to them with the ultimate aim of handing over to them one-fourth of total number of watersheds for development”. The Committee also called for a substantial augmentation of resources for watershed development by “pooling resources from other programmes being implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, e.g., Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, etc., and by integrating them with DPAP and DDP”. The Committee recommended suitable institutional mechanism for bringing about coordination between different departments at the central and state levels with a view to ensuring uniformity of approach in implementing similar programmes for the conservation of land and water resources. On the Page 8 of 212 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF IWMP, KOLASIB – I PROJECT basis of these recommendations, the Hanumantha Rao Committee formulated a set of “Common Guidelines”, bringing five different programmes under the MoRD, namely, DPAP, DDP and Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP), as also the Innovative - Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (I-JRY) and Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS), 50% of the funds of both of which were to be allocated for watershed works. The watershed projects taken up by MoRD from 1994 to 2001 followed these Common Guidelines of 1994. In 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture revised its guidelines for NWDPRA, making them
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