h --
Public Disclosure Authorized gn,un,r-
s' t .S *K t ' t~~~~~~~~~~-- i ll E il P \~~~t
4 1- ' Public Disclosure Authorized
(na'g HS) zY
Wm"y''''S.'f' ;', ', ''' '',''-' '~'0', t'' .SC:''''''''E 3'; , 'r' 6
~ U Public Disclosure Authorized it ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Public Disclosure Authorized OA 86b3 ' :~~~~~~~~~~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND ...... 1-1
1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 1-1 1.2. PROPOSED WORKS FOR BP1 -THE AIZAWL BYPASS ...... 1-1 1.3. IMPACTS ENVISAGED AND THE CORRIDOR OF IMPACT ...... 1-4 1.4. SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 1-6 1.5. THE STUDY METHODOLOGY ...... 1-6 1.6. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ...... 1-7
2.' POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 2-1
2.1. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGUALTORY AGENCIES ...... 2-1 2.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STIPULATIONS ...... 2-1 2.3. GOI/GOM CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS ...... 2-2 2.4. WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS ...... 2-2
3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-1
3.1. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ...... 3-1 3.2. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 3-1 3.3. WATER RESOURCES ...... 3-4 3.4. AIR AND NOISE QUALITY ...... 3-5 3.4.1. Air Quality ...... 3-5 3.4.2. Noise Quality ...... 3-7 3.5. FLORA / BIO - DIVERSITY ...... 3-7 3.6. BIO-DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT ALONG BP1 (AIZAWL BY-PASS) ROAD ...... 3-8 3.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT IMPACTED VILLAGES ...... 3-8 3.7.1. Demographic Profile ...... 3-9 3.7.2. Literacy ...... 3-9 3.7.3. Economic and Social Development Pattern ...... 3-10 3.8. BASELINE SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION ...... 3-10 3.8.1. Baseline Survey of PAPs ...... 3-10 3.8.2.. Classification of PAHs by Occupation .. 3-11 3.8.3. Income Profile ...... 3-11 3.9. CULTURAL PROPERTIES ...... 3-11
Criginol Document by iCT & CES ;evised cnd UPdcted by LASA MizorCm Stote Roods Project Phase-li EIA & EMP for AiZOwi Byposs. June 2003
4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 4-1 4.1. LEVELOFANALYSIS ...... 4-1 4.2. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE BYPASS ALIGNMENT ...... 4-1 4.3. MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ALONG OPTION 3(A) ..4-5
5. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION .. 5-1 5.1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5-1 5.2. PRE-DESIGN CONSULTATION PROCESS ...... ,5-1 5.2.1. Objective ...... 5-1 5.2.2. The Process ...... 5-1 5.2.3. Issues Raised During Consultations ...... 5-2 5.3. POST-DESIGN CONSULTATION ...... 5-4 5.4. FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION PROGRAMME ...... 5-5 5.4.1. Information Disclosure ...... 5-5 5.4.2. Continued Consultation ...... 5-5
6. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 6-1
6.1. IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 6-1 6.1.1. Destabilization of slopes and soil erosion ...... 6-1 6.1.2. Loss of Productive Soil ...... 6-2 6.1.3. Impacts due to quarrying and borrowing Operations ...... 6-2 6.2. IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES ...... 6-2 6.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY ...... 6-3 6.4. IMPACTS ON NOISE QUALITY ...... 6-4 6.5. LOSS OF FLORA / B10-DIVERSITY ...... 6-4 6.6. SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACTS ...... 6-4 6.7. IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES ...... 6-6
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 7-1 7.1. COMPONENTS ...... 7-1 7.2. MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 7-1 7.2.1. Slope Stabilization ...... ,,.. 7-1 7.2.2. Soil Erosion ...... 7-1 7.2.3. Water Resources ...... , , , , , , . ..7-12 7.2.4. Air Quality ...... 7-13 7.2.5. Noise Quality .7-...... ,.,,.,,,,,,, 7-15 7.2.6. Ecological Environment ...... 7-17
Originol Doc ument by ICT & CES ji Revised and Upcctec by LASA Mizorom State Roods Project Phase-l1 EIA & EMP for Aizowl Bypass. June 2003
7.3. CLEARANCES REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN BY THE CONTRACTOR ...... 7-19 7.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT PLAN ...... ,,,,,,,,,,...7-19 7.5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... ,,,... 7-27 7.6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET ...... 7-30
8. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .8-1
8 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT, MPWD . . 8-1 8.2. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS .. 8-1 8.2.1. Environmental Cell. PIU .8-3
8.3. REPORTING SYSTEM .. 8-7 8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING WITHIN MPWD . .8-8
Crigincl Doc uner. by ICT & CES iii Revised and Upcdted cy LASA WEVW Mizorom Stote Roads Projec, Phose-ll EIA & EA/IP for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Project Roads Selected for Study under MSRP ...... 1-1 Table 2-1: Regulatory Agencies and their roles ...... 2-1 Table 2-2: Existing laws applicable for the Project ...... 2-1 Table 2-3: Status of Clearances for MSRP-1 ...... 22-2 Table 2-4: Applicability of World Bank Policies for the Project ...... 2-2 Table 3-1: Identified Quarry Locations ...... 3-2 Table 3-2: Ponds along the Proposed alignment of the Aizawl Bypass ...... 3-4 Table 3-3: Water Quality along Aizawl By-Pass Road ...... 3-4 Table 3-4: Sensitive Features along the proposed alignment ...... 3-5 Table 3-5: Air Quality Data ...... 3-5 Table 3-6: Observed Noise Levels ...... 3-7 Table 3-7: Tree Inventory within COI of 15 m for Aizawl By-Pass Road ...... 3-7 Table 3-8: Demographic Profile of Project Impacted Villages, 2001 ...... 3-9 Table 3-9: Literacy Rate in Project Impacted Villages ...... 3-9 Table 3-10: Number of Project Affected Households ...... 3-10 Table 3-1 1: Project Affected Persons ...... 3-10 Table 4-1: Comparison of project options ...... 4-3 Table 4-2: Qualitative Environmental analysis of the feasible alternatives ...... 4-4 Table 4-3: Analysis of Mitigation Alternatives ...... 4-8 Table 5-1: Participation in Consultation Meetings ...... 5-2 Table 5-2: Group Discussion Based Issues and Responses ...... 5-2 Table 5-3: Specific Issues Raised by the Community ...... 5-4 Table 5-4: Mechanisms for Continued Participation in the Project ...... 5-7 Table 6-1: Land Requirement (Area in Sq. Mts) ...... 6-5 Table 6-2: Impact on People ...... 6-5 Table 6-3: Women Headed Households ...... 6-6. Table 7-1: Identified sites for disposal of excess cut material ...... 7-3 Table 7-2: Clearances to be obtained by the Contractor ...... 7-19 Table 7-3: Environmental Management Plan ...... 7-20 Table 7-4: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 7-28 Table 7-5: Environmental Management Budget for Aizawl Bypass ...... 7-31 Table 8-1: Desired Monitoring and Reporting Process and Responsibilities ...... 8-7 Table 8-2: Modules for further training during MSRP II...... 8-8
Crig,;c Doc ument ox ICrT s C iv A Qev,sea crcq Upootec by LAs-A Mizorom Stote Rocas Project Phase-lt EIA & EMP for AiZOwl Byposs. June 2003
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1 LOCATION OF PHASE I PROJECT ROADS ...... 1-2 FIGURE 1.2 LOCATION OF PHASE II PROJECT ROADS ...... 1-3 FIGURE 1.3 TYPICAL CROSS SECTION ...... 1-4 FIGURE 1.4 MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF AIZAWL BYPASS ...... 1-5 FIGURE 3.1 QUARRY CHART ...... 3-3 FIGURE 3.2 FEATURES ALONG THE PROPOSED AIZAWL BYPASS ...... 3-6 FIGURE 4.1 ALTERNATIVES FOR AIZAWL BYPASS ...... 4-2 FIGURE 4.2 ZEMABAWK END OF AIZAWL BYPASS ...... 4-4 FIGURE 4.3 JUNCTION DESIGN FOR OPTION 3(A) WITH NH-54 ...... 4-6 FIGURE 4.4 LOCATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN RELATION TO BYPASS ...... 4-7 FIG. 4.5 (A) PUSHPAK PRIMARY SCHOOL AT CHAINAGE 0.407 KM ...... 4-8 FIG. 4.5 (B) SECONDARY SCHOOL AT CHAINAGE 0.8 KM ...... 4-8 FIGURE 7.1 (A) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING I.. 7-5 FIGURE 7.1 (B) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING2 . 7-6 FIGURE 7.1 (C) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING3 . 7-7 FIGURE 7.1 (D) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING4 . 7-8 FIGURE 7.1 (E) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING5 . 7-9 FIGURE 7.1 (F) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING6 . 7-10 FIGURE 7.1 (G) SITE PLAN FOR DUMPING7 . 7-11 FIGURE 7.2 SILT FENCING ...... 7-13 FIGURE 7.3 DESIGNS AND LOCATION OF OIL INTERCEPTOR ...... 7-14 FIGURE 7.4 WATER POINT IN CH. 2.200 AT AIZAWL BYPASS ...... 7-16 FIGURE 7.5 PROPOSED BAMBOO AND BARBED WIRE FENCES ...... 7-18 FIGURE 8.1 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT ...... 8-2
originol Document oy ICT & CES v :evised cnd UJpccteC ov L.ASA Mizorom Stote Roods Project Phase-I1 ~ EIA &EMP for Aizcwl Byposs. June 2003
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure 3.1: Rare and Endangered Plant Species
Annexure 3.2: Aizawl Bypass (io kms. Altitude: 717-lOlOm) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs and Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrate)
Annexure 3.3: Aizawl Bypass (16 kms. Altitude: 717-lOlOm) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees
Annexure 3.4: Aizawl Bypass - List of Ethno-Medicinal Plants
Annexure 7.1: Guidelines for Slope protection works and Bio-Engineering Techniques to Regenerate Vegetation
Annexure 7.2: Sanitation and House Keeping at the Labour/Construction Camps
Annexure 7.3: Plantation Works
Annexure 7.4: Guidefines on Use of Explosive and Blasting
Annexure 7.5: Cultural Properties Management Plan
Annexure 8.1: Reporting System Formats
Original Document by IcT & CE5 vi Revised ond Updated by LASA ga "0
0
CU
0 U
'. - "0
C 0
4.- ' N *
rN 7 '--: 1 'C
/
-,. / 1. INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND
1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND
Government of Mizoram has sought a loan under the World Bank loan assistance construction, widening, strengthening and maintenance of State Roads network. On the basis of the Strategic Options Study (SOS), State Roads that have been identified for construction, up-gradation and major maintenance works are listed in Table 1-1. The project is to be implemented in two phases. The Phase-I & Ph.i;e-Il corridors are shown in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 respectively. While Phase I of the project is under implementation, project preparation for Phase-Il is underway. Project coordinating Consultants (PCC)' is assisting MPWD in project preparation. Further, MSRP being a category 'A' project it is subjected to Independent Environmental review2(IER). The Environmental Impact Assessment for the MSRP Phase-Il has been scrutinized and updated in light of IER the observations.
Table 1-1: Project Roads Selected for Study under MSRP
Type of Phase - I Phase-Il Total Work Road Section Length Road Section Length Length Upgrada PI A: Aizawl - Thenzawl - 98.710 PI B: Bucngpui-Lunglei 67.943 tion Buongpui (via Hmuifang) BPI: Aizawl Bypass 13.480 Works Sub-Total 98.710 Sub-Total 81.423 180.133 Ml Kawikulh - Ngopa- 96.625 M2: Kanhmun - 92.40
Major M4: Keitum -N.Vanlaiphai 45.780 Zamuang - Tuilutkawn Mainten M5: Lungsen - Chawngte 47.670 M6: Zobawk - 29.70 once M :Srhi Works M7: Damdial - Sialsuk 30.100 Thenhium 97.70
M9: Khawzawl - Biate 58.000 M 16: Selesih - Thuampui 12.00 Sub-Total 278.175 Sub-Total 231.80o 09.975
1.2. PROPOSED WORKS FOR BP1 - THE AIZAWL BYPASS
The PWD, Mizoram has decided to construct a bypass to Aizawl Capital city. The bypass will start from Zemabawk on NH-54 and follow the eastern route. The designed length of the Bypass shall be about 13.48 km. The By-Pass after construction shall have a road width of 7.1 m with paved carriageway of 5.5 m and 0.5 m shoulders on both sides (refer Figure 1.3). Two concrete bridges are proposed at km. 2.950 across Chite Lui and km. 3.885 across Lawibual of about 58 m and 37 m span respectively constructed to double lane standard.
l PCC is a consortium of Consulting firms, led by Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd., India (ICT) and Consulting Engineering Services (India) CES
2 M/s LEA Assoc:3tes were selected as reviewers for the Independent Environmental review for phase-Il activities. Criginot D;e7ument by ICT e. CES 1-1 Revisec or,:. z':.iarec by LaySALA9 A S S A M
Vairengtq¶? ! Saiphai TI,
Kanhmun Zohmen Z - ~~~~~~~~~Bilkhawthlir 18 55 11 48 Bairabi 0olaslb / ipaimuh
z mua Hortoki i ~~~~~~~~~~~3Ratu'% .. Kawnpui 5 °1,.ivai 9 t ~; Kow5tah | >-x/i _ Tuid *4 t LungdrLs ianpui / awungsetause 5 \ 10 | ¶ Ngopa 4'
*.1 t A / | Phail K , '*. \ r' 9 . . W ' JSihphiM * ¶ ~~~~~~~ ~~~SenUa12 11 Tamrdi ~tkhw, 3 W Kawnpui Tu tO P ailang Sl / /38 \ - - ~~~~~~~~~~atUARwk ~~~~Mual Tins Ilthigar Lalien 12 , Iu Atga D mdiai' 22 1T Kawikfgv K~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Kwkuazw kPhungsei 7 Khawzawt /
* i:j ;,>)1 K. Hmudan )1 *ChamC.hai iaIsuk~ ChhIngctthi u Chaw i 6 M) . Xialsuk+ iM 9 _>/45 Ruantl pg
hAvarpara 1 Thenzawlf Chhia ' / - />~ ~-*-----Serchhi hata 20. -'i 8 .E[luangpui ' ( \ Vf,-" '<; Keitu astBiak 6 i \ 14 ' 42 46 E.Lungda Kh awbung 2 M4 6:6 Vrg 40 42 NVanlaiphai 20 \ Haulong 23 f, 20
'' \ '. t 1 / ~~ ~ ~~~~32'. \ Tlabu 1 3 Lungle\ / jH hthial / \ob4wk / Bealpui \ \LungSe t~\ / S.Vanlaphai
Borapansury M 2 Sangau 2
Tawipu
CAawngte' 35 Thinglal ungphar
Lawngtlaio) 3 Diltlanga diaihaS9tla} 3 Legend
- , @ 3KawIcha~tCapital of State U eeZ , ungflang 1 OstrtHeadquarters,
1- I / C 41 /TuipangTipang *National Highway
r9 ' \ Phi 3 33 ProjectPrority Road / Phua 34 Z,ngling ProjectMaintenance Roads
,Parva * \ 0 Khopai OtherState Roads Lawngmeso InternationatBoundary - - Inter-StateBoundary
Fig. 1.1: Iocation of Phase I Project Roads A S S A M
Vairengty -A
; Saiphai 1
Kanhmun - Zohmen ' ___ / / Bilkhawthlir I ' 18 A 55 11 48' M2 , Bairabi olasib 494 ;Tipaimukh
~Zmua Hortoki3Ratu' /
9/ j .2 n Kawnpui .1 _ .- , \ , g , _11 K*07Kowpah 9 / l l Tua Mmit 5 4 7' !Tu * Lingd uanpu Wfl,39 Khawungsei ~10 ~ gopa~ ?Phaileg - " 9 Sil',phi '. -Sihph I '12 jTu/utkarf '4t\Senf 2 39. ';7
W. Kawnpui 9elMua\In1 1 AiangTh gaj 3l~~ Sehe 'ass (Bpi)
27 0Ddiai 22 fu 1vel a k
iungsei 5 Khawzawl
\ 8 . 0 } ; ' \ \ 1 Chhia1hganl / ~~~~~~~~~~KelkangI ,. -Marpara 1 Thenzawli 1h ff 'I ~~~~~i *151+ XM 8~uangpoi\20t7 t~~~~~~~~Chawhai 2 IYII~~~~~~~ Keitu 6 46 6 4 8 42 ungda Khawbung; 1 ~~66 I 40 1B 42 p N.Vanlaiphai I 2. a-it Nb !t. < arkan Va Tlabut' Kh/.gkug WHdI S.reaS I ii \ I ~~~~~~~~~1.hbr(41 Sq K.n) 'I \ ~~~~~~~~~Hhthial Lunglei ( * . Zobl\ ~tk B ualpui * \Lungsen S.Vanlaiphai Borapansu\y Sangau aga '29 25 2 -kA, CLowngte 35 Thung a angphar Legend DilUang Lawngtlai 33 I i S4j\5aiha Capitalof State i KawAchaw Ditrict Headquarter sp ang 13 NationalHighway Tuipang ; ProjectPrioity Road 33 I S~~~~~~~~ypass '^'*& 534 '| Phulia Zayo1guog ProjectMaintenance Roads I9&S:t) . 34 _ OtherState Roads Parva Khopail IntemationalBoundary - - - >Lawngmeso Inter-StateBoundary t . 1 Fig. 1. 2: I ocation ol Phase 11 Project Roadls II\65?L) Mizoram Stote Roods Project Phase-it EIA & EMP for Ai;zwt Byposs, June 2003 -. ,R. _.,- 'O~~~E-,J-E-l~~~_O| Ir xDAWN Nolre: N BE Two additional concrete bridges are proposed tFkm. 9.584 & km. 9.729 having 2Dm & 3Dm span respectively with a footpath. Breast wall and other slope protection measures are proposed to stabilize the slopes. Construction of the by-pass shall be completed prior to operation of Phase-I priority road in order to avoid traffic congestion in the Aizawl where air pollution levels are already a matter of concern. A map showing Aizawl By-Pass is given in Figure 1.4. 1.3. IMPACTS ENVISAGED AND THE CORRIDOR OF IMPACT Beneficial Imoacts of the Proiect: The purpose of the proposed bypass is to decongest the traffic within Aizawl City during peak hours and reduce the travel time. Traffic surveys carried out as a part of the project suggest that from the present average daily traffic of 503 PCUs from Aizawl to lunglei (presently following the NH-54 route), 368 PCUs (i.e almost 75%) are likely to be diverted to State highway once it is upgraded. The total projected average daily traffic along the priority road 'is estimated to be around 4994 PCUs. The projected average daily-diverted traffic (in the year 2022) along the priority route is estimated to be consisting of 473 cars. 266 buses, 370 trucks and 114 two-wheelers. The bypass shall also feed the city's road infrastructure near ITI veng and Salem Mualpui. Anticipated adverse impacts and the area of influence: Taking into account the slope required to stabilize the bench of 7.1m, the Col has been taken to be 15m. The influence area would cover construction camp and raw material storage sites, Identified quarry locations, haul roads and sites selected for dumping of debris/waste material. For the construction of Aizawl Bypass. 18.15 hectares of land will be acquired. Of this, 16 hectares is private land and includes Residential as well as Agricultural area. Balance land will be transferred from various government departments. Origincl Document by ICT & CES 1-4 Revisecd ona' LUcoted by LASA Zemabawk Starting Point of Bypass - ~ /,ki*. I To\vatdS/e 'I , 5S Ti ~~~ ~~~18 . S8 / 1>aNobb / ~49sT,p.Ekh't 9!; 7 37 1 |Ra5, .. - -!TU>;;l70 bnanJi%/ h -uw/ > tO _ . - WKSU|U\&YPI| IL 9 jl1 I. S TGn , S9 .'7 as4 |Chite Lui> . / ' o r, i7 w -4 < l 8 t I sSiie;<22X,I ? Lawibual \ 8 | 6no h> 20, 42~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' E Eunpa Khaw.hu9n > 40 } *~~2 1 ^phi 22 V4 ti~~~ / ~Haubn. 19 23 t Tbh 36I If \ \ Lugbi Hyhlh4 33 13 P '7 Legend Building/Huts Existing Alignment Proposed Alignment End point of Bypass PIA Road River \ Towards LungIeI\/ Ig 1t Mizorom State Roads PFoik ct Phase-lI EIA & EMP for Aizawl BypCss. june 2003 The anticipated adverse Environmental impacts due to the proposed construction include destabilization of slopes, modification of drainage patterns and the resulting erosion, loss of productive soil, dust pollution during haulage of the construction material and tipping of the cut material etc. Traffic volumes along the bypass being lower, air and noise quality are not expected to deteriorate much. Regarding the socio- economic impacts, acquisition of land will displace families and will affect the people of the area. 1.4. SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The scope of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) coveres * Collection of information on existing Environmental baseline conditions * Analyse alternative alignments * Consultation with affected groups and NGO's * Identification of the magnitude of adverse impacts * Preparation of Environmental Management Plans for mitigating the negative impacts and enhancing the positive impacts. * Identify specific requirements for Institutional strengthening and training. 1.5. THE STUDY METHODOLOGY The methodology included screening of various bypass alignments and selection of alignment having least environmental repercussions. The study involved following stages: Assembling Primary and secondary data * Analysis of water quality of rivers Chite Lui and Lawibual crossing the alignment for Physico-Chemical and Biological characteristics. * Measurement of Ambient air quality and noise quality at representatiye landuses * Inventory of road side tree species with girth size over 30cms within the corridor of impact * Determination of frequency, abundance and density of other trees as well as herbs and shrubs Public Consultations * Consultations with roadside community and stakeholders for their opinion on road construction * Consultations at village level to identify location specific issues Assessment of Impacts * Impacts due to quarrying/borrowing operations * Impacts on various water resources Cricincl Document by ICT & CES 1 -6 .Revi,sed cnc Updoed by LASA aw l Mizorom State Roods Project Phase-ll EIA & E/vMPfor Aizowl Bypass, June 2003 • Sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps * Degradation of air and noise quality during construction stage * Impact on bio-diversity due to cutting of various species of trees and shrubs during clearing of the area for proposed construction. * Socio-economic impacts due to land acquisition for the project and proposed works. Formulation of mitigation measures Measures were developed to mitigate the identified impacts and were incorporated in the design drawings and/or bill of quantities as appropriate. Budgetary allocations were made for all the Environmental mitigation and Enhancement measures as part of project costs. Finally, a monitoring plan for construction and operation phases was prepared and the responsibilities for implementation and supervision were presented. 1.6. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT * Chapter - 2: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework reviews the existing Institutional and legislative setup relevant to the project at the National and State levels and administrative requirements applicable. * Chapter - 3: The Existing Environment describes the environmental setting and baseline conditions relating to meteorology, physical environment and biological environment. * Chapter - 4: Analysis of Alternatives evaluates various alternatives of design and provides the rationale for the selection of particular treatment for each. * Chapter - 5: Community Consultations summarizes consultations / discussions held with the public at different levels e.g. Village Council Presidents (VCPs), Non- Government Organizations (NGOs). Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and other stake holders such as Govt. officials. Ministry / Department to record people's perceptions of the project benefits and the potential impacts. X Chapter - 6: Assessment of Environmental Impacts identifies and quantifies the potential environmental and social impacts. * Chapter - 7: Environmental Management Measures Proposed presents mitigation measures for the ascertained impacts and Environmental management and Environmental monitoring plans to be implemented at various stages of the project. * Chapter - 8: Institutional / Implementation Arrangements reviews the existing implementation arrangements and prescribes further strengthening of institutional set up and training programme to facilitate implementation of the Environmental Management Action Plans. Oricinol Do-ument oDyICT & CES 1-7 -e'.bed anc. Updcatedoty LASA Ir ~ I- )) ,,1 . Klasb ' .. >,.: s~~~~~~~s t al,; _ 8 swIV)C i A: //\ .M. 'I r ! I \ , (.nlai r.'4r,e.( 42 l \5lNV i -dVh' 'I a bas.i > i 23 a (>¢ \- 8 ; \ Soa (. aa~ 2 Poc -gal& Adiistrative Framework 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK This section reviews the existing legislative setup pertaining to MSRP Phase 11at the national and state levels. The chapter also elaborates on environmental clearance requirements for the project from Government of Mizoram, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi and the World Bank. 2.1. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGUALTORY AGENCIES The Mizoram Public Works Department (MPWD) is the nodal agency for project preparation and implementation of MPSRP-II. Various other agencies are indirectly involved in regulation of activities under the project through statutes/laws governing them. The agencies involved, their role in the project is presented in the Table 2-1. Table 2-1: Regulatory Agencies and their roles Agency Statute/policy Relevant objectives Ministry of Environment and Environment (Protection) Act. 1986 To protect and improve the quality of the Forests Environmental Impoct Assessment environment and to prevenl. control and Notification. 1994 abate environmental pollution Forest (Conservationl Act 1980 (os To restrict deforestation by restricting amended 1998) and Rules. 1981 clearing of forested areos. Pollution Control Board Water (Prevention and Control of Poflution) To provide for the prevention and control of Act 1974. as amended 1988. water pollution and the maintoining or restoring of wholesomeness of water. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution), To provide for the prevention, control ond Act 1981. as amended in 1987. obatement of air pollution Deportment of Environment Wildlife IProtectionl Act 1972 To protect wild animols and birds through and Forests the creation of Nationol Parks ond Sanctuaries Department of Tronsport Motor Vehicles ACt 1988 To control vehicular air and noise pollution trom motor vehicles Archaeological Survey of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological To protect and conserve culturol and India sites and Remains Act 1958 histoncol remains found in India 2.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STIPULATIONS The Government of India has formulated various policy guidelines; acts and regulations aimed at the protection and management of Environmental resources. The applicable laws are described in the Table 2-2. Table 2-2: Existing laws applicable for the Project Low/Regulation/Guidelines Relevance The Forest (Conservationl Act. 1980 Applies to natural forest areos - Authority to issue clearance: li) it area of forest >20ho l10ha in hilly area). Centrol Government: (iij Sha-20ho, Regional Office of Chief Conservator of Forests; (iii) <=Sho. State Government: (41 if tree density >40%. permission for any work must come from the Central Government. regardless of areo of forest to be cleared. The Environmental (Protection) Act. Various Ospects of the Environment (Protection) Act ond Rules apply to the 1986. and Ihe Environmentol rood construction projects. They establish the stondords for emission of noise (Protection) Rules. 1987-2002 (various in the atmosphere. These standards are directed primarily at the industriol amendments) pollution but are also applicoble to road construction activity. The Environmentai Impact Assessment Identifies highways (Item 21 of schedule 1) as one of the projects requiring Notification. 1994 prior clearonce from tie Gol, MoEF. The Got. MoEF Notification of 10 April 1997 provides that environmental clearonce need not be obtained from the MoEF for... Hignwoy projecits relolng ao improvement work including widening and ______strenqtho-in; or roods win, moriOnol lond ocquisilion olonq the exislinq Oriainal Documenr by ICT &--- S 2-1 ReviseC anCd Upaoted by LASA MAAzorom Stcte Roods Project Phase-tI EIA & tMP for Aizowl Byposs, June 2003 Law/Regulation/Guidelines Relevance alignments provided the highways do not pass through ecologically sensitive creos such as National Pork. Sanctuaries. Tiger Reserve. Reserve Forest. etc. The Wildlife (Protection) ACt. 1972 Provides for the creation, conservation and protection of National Parks and Sanctuaries. The Waler (Prevention and Conlrol of Central and State Pollution Control Boord to establish/enforce water quolity Pollution) ACt. 1974 and effluent stondards. monitor water quolity. prosecute oafenders. and issue licenses tor construction/operation of certain facilities. The Air (Prevention and Control of Empowers SPCB to set and monitor air quolity standards and to prosecute Pollution) Act, 198i oafenders, excluding vehicular air and noise emission. The Motor Vehicle Act. 1988 Empowers Stote Transport Authority to enforce standords tor vehicular pollution. In AUgUst 1997 the "Pollution Under Control Certificote" was lounched to reduce vehicular emissions. Ancient Monuments and To protect ond conserve cultural and historicol remains tound Archaeological sites and Remains Act 1958 The Explosives Act (& Rules) 1884 Sets out the regulations os to regards the use oa explosives and (1983) precautionory measures while blasting, quarrying The Mizoram Highways Act, 2002 Provides for protection and maintenance ot highways assets. entorce mechanisms to control ribbon developments, encroachments and road sofety. 2.3. Gol/GoM CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS The MPWD has obtained all necessary clearances from the regulatory authorities for implementation of the project. Apart from the clearances for the overall project works, the contractors have to obtain consent for establishment and consent to operate from the State Pollution Control Board. Various clearances required by the project and the status of clearances is presented in the Table 2-3. Table 2-3: Status of Clearances for MSRP-II S. No. Statutory Authority Statute under which clearance is ______req Current status ot clearance uired ______Ministry of Environment Environmental Impact Assessment and Forests, Notification, 1994 issued under EP Act,ss9m6 Clearonces Ob96ined Government of India 2 Mizoram Pollution Water (P&CP) Act. 1974 & NoC Obtained Control Board Air (P&CP) Act, 1981 Department of Environment and 3 Forests. Government on Forests Conservation Act. 1980 Clearances obtained mizororn 2.4. WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS In accordance with the WB requirements for Category 'A' projects, an Independent Environmental Review has been taken up as part of the project preparation activities of MSRP-II. World Bank has formulated certain policies, which need to be complied, for it to be able to fund projects. Applicability of various World Bank Policies for the project is presented in Table 2-4. Table 2-4: Applicability of World Bank Policies for the Project S. No, World Bank Policy Applicability Compliance measures O/BP/GP 4.0 I' MSRP-11 is a category 'A' project. The corridorS A detailed EtA. EMP & RAP is pass through sensitive areas and are likely to prepored for the implementation 1. Environmental have impacts on environmental and social of Environmentol mitigation and Assessment components. Hence the policy is triggered corrective actions Project involves acquisition of laond ond Resettlemenl Action Plan is and 2. 00 4.30: Involuntary aisplacernent oa People. Hence the policy Resettlement triggerea is witl be tully implemented. Griginol Docurrernt by iCT a C.s 2-2 Revised and !Jpwed tC' L.2SA .1izorom State Roods ProjeCt Prose-It E*A &IS& NI-,P for Aizawl Bypcss. June 2003 S. No. World Bank Policy Applicability Compliance measures IPDP has been prepored to OD 4.20 Indigenous Most of the affected people are indigenous, mitigate the potentially adverse Peoples Hence the policy is Iriggered etfects on these people due to ______theI______project. Physical Cultural'Thing Lu bul tree considered sacred by the Cultural property management 4 Physical Cultural Mizo culture is very close to the bypass plan prepared ond shalt be Resources (OPN I 1,03) alignment. Hence the policy is triggered. implemented. The alignment does not pass through any critical natural habitat area. Hence. Natural habitat policy OP 4.04 is not triggered. Other safeguard policies of the World Bank that are not triggered are: * Forestry (OP 4.36) * Project in disputed areas * Pest management * Projects on International Waterways * Safety of Dams ic-i-ncl tCCumrnent o! ICT S 2-31 = e. iseC ,mC: lJCCCICct y L.SA .1-~~2'e X-> ~ - /E \E~ ~~~~~--' :-- <2 - .1Xw~< A I X}Z 3. THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT This Chapter presents the baseline data on existing Environment covering Physical, Biological and Socio-Economic components. Primary data on geology, air, noise, water and bio-diversity is generated by environmental surveys conducted during project preparation. Secondary sources have been tapped for rest of the components. 3.1. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS The climate is generally pleasant with summer temperatures ranging between 18oC to 320C and winter temperatures between 80C to 240C. Four secsons' namely summer, spring, autumn and winter are observed in a year. The average annual rainfall recorded is 2371 mm. However, annual rainfall varies from 2000mm - 3500mm. Relative humidity in the dry season is 40% while in the monsoon period, it is about 90%. 3.2. THE PHYSiCAL ENVIRONMENT Geology and Soil The common rocks found are sandstone, limestone, shale, silt stone and slates. The rock system is weak and unstable, prone to frequent seismic influence. The terrain seems entirely immature with regard to recent structural /geological changes in earth's crust. In general, the geomorphology of the project area is characteiized by the presence of weathering products of typical varying thickness on original hilltops. The geomorphological formations consist of steep hill slopes and deep valleys oriented on the topographic surface in a linear fashion. The presence of valleys and ravines show physiographic expressions of the faults or structural patterns, giving origin to different types of drainage patterns. Faulting has resulted in creation of steep curves, highly dissected ranges with deep ravines, spurs etc. vulnerable to comprehensive erosion. The rocks are fractured and hence susceptible to failure during monsoon resulting in landslides. Soils vary from sandy loam, clayey loam to clay, generally mature but leached due to steep gradient and heavy rainfall. Soils are porous with poor water holding capacity, deficit in potash, phosphorous, nitrogen and humus and hence poor in productivity. The pH shows acidic to neutral reaction due to excessive leaching. Topography Almost entire Mizoram is hilly with precipitous slopes forming deep gorges culminating into several streams and rivers. Almost all the hill ranges traverse in the North-South direction. Phawngpui or Blue Mountain is the highest peak at 2157 m whereas the lowest place is Bairabi at 40 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). The average height of hi[l Or:inioCo: L"ment by IC , CT S 31S Re;ef;.e u:s>;d 1z yt LA = Mjlizorarm Srcre Rocds Project Pt!cse-1l EIA a EMIP fcr AjZo'.vt 3ypass. June 2003 ranges in Mizoram is 920 m. The Proposed alignment also passes through hilly terrain with aiternate steep slopes and deep valleys Landslides During the survey no landslides locations were observed along the existing portions of the bypass alignment. The terrain in rest of the portions is undisturbed has geomorphology similar to other areas of Mizoram. Therefore, the construction will have to be proceeded with extra care and more rigorous supz-v.,ion with geotechnical input continuously assisting the Engineer. Quarries The proposed alignment being closer to PIA, the priority route identified for upgradation during MSRP Phase-I activities, it has been decided to take quarry material from the quarries identified during MSRP Phase-I. These quarries are listed in Table 3.1. A map as shown in Figure 3.1 depicts the quarry chart. Table 3-1: Identified Quarry Locations Quarry Name & Location Tentative Yield (Cum) Zowmgekham - km 41 on ATL-Left 200000 Sentezel - km 78+115 - ATL - Left 0 J ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~7.50.000. Fangfar - km 78+860 - ATL - Left . Km 12.60 fNA) nor villag Samsuih Not indicated Ramrikawn, 6.0 km from Keifong towards Mualpheng 67,000 CH. 70.6 km on ATL (Left) 2.50,000 Dilkawnlui - km 74+020 - ATL - Left 1,000,00 Sailam - km 66+760 - ATL - Left 600 Quarry of Mr. C. Lolduhawmc (Haulawng) Km 131.9 Left 11,700 Km 57.5, 4.5 km from Hmuifong towards Sialsuk 8,300 Lungpuizawi-Duilova I I Km from Lunglei on NH-54 96,000 Borrow Pits / Areas Cut material obtcined shall be used as fill material. No additional borrow areas would be needed. Samples of sand from different river beds on testing, was found that this contained considerable amount of pebbles and gravels, which does not make it suitable for road construction. Also, the transportation cost of river sand from valleys at lower levels to the high levels, where road construction will take place, will be high. Hence, as an alternative to sand, it is proposed to use stone dust from stone crushers as a binder material for road construction. it car also be utilized for blending with sub- base and base course granular material, but may not be suitable for use in bridge and structure construction. There are three stone quarries at Km 2.90, 4.25 & Km 4.410 along the Aizawl By - Pass Road with crusher plants at 4.204 km (along LHS) and 4.960 km (along RHS). The stone dust from these quarries can be utilized for rood construction. e ,c. c.c e.e3-2 . '?-. Wm ' */10 . Ai wal Tomdil 0P6 ~ P3 Ai wl Bypass ssh 2 X% 0 hn :s I pC°n(; N~ ~~~~~~~~~N-4 t \ Ch/TSu4 pngch uk,hi Khowbel YQ5Chomrin 7 RS6 Chheohtlo' FigurfeQLuarry Crnrt 1 0 } P1BQ3 P5 ~~~~erchh;p Legend Capital of State * Stone Ouarry * SQ Plont Locotion 0 p River sond 0 RS Local Crusher A Priority Roods Source MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, Quarrv Chart PHASE 11,PWD, GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Figure 3.1 ' N Mizorcm State Roads Project Phose-II EiA &Ea,IP for ,AizOwl Byp,:ss. June 2003 3.3. WATER RESOURCES Surface Water and Cross Drainage Channels Due to the steep gradient, surface runoff in the water bodies is accelerated, resulting in poor water retention. There are two rivers cutting across the bypass. These are: Name of the River Chainage (Km.) Chite Lui 2.950 Lawibuol 3.885 The existing cross - drainage works are: • Bridges = 2 • Culverts = 4 There also exist some ponds along the proposed alignment presently used for fishery purposes. The locations of these ponds with details like offsets from the proposed alignment and areas are presented in Table 3.2 (also refer fig 3.2). Table 3-2: Ponds along the Proposed alignment of the Aizawl Bypass Water Body Chainage (Km.) Direction the proposed alignment (o) Area (Sqm.) Pond 2.475 LHS 10.1 233.91 RHS{Port A) 0 1614.56 Poncl (2.5651 in three LHS (Part 8) 0 189.97 I LHS (Part C) 23.5 252.00 Pond 4.083 RHS 1.65 349.3 Pond 8.540 LHS 14.9 162.22 In addition there is also an 8m high waterfall at km 4.080 on the East side and a streamlet intersects the alignment at km 3.197. Water Quality Water samples were collected from the two rivers along the bypass. Results of the analysis are as given in Table 3.3. The results indicate that the water quality parameters are below the prescribed standard values. Low values of Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, non-existence of Oil & Grease and high value of Dissolved Oxygen clearly indicate that the water quality of the rivers is fairly good. However, Coliform is present in higher concentrations. Table 3-3: Water Quality along Aizawl By-Pass Road Water Quality Parameters ChiterLui Rive Wat Standards, 10500:1994 pH 7.8 7.6 6.5 to 8.5 Turbidity 1.0 NTU 0,1 NTU 5 NTU Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 10 mng ' i r. 0.89 mg / Itr. 500 mg / irt. 'ron! Dc: b_Ie g !-i c 3-4 -!. -. iecr.[- c¢ Water Quality Parameters Chite Lui LRwibual Standards, 10500:1994 Dissolved Oxygen (D.O) 7.3 mg / Itr. 8.0 mg / Itr. 4 mg / Itr. Or more Oil & Grease Nil Nil 2400 (MPN / 100 ml 2400 (MPN / 100 ml 500 or less (MPN / 100 ml Total Coliform Water Sample) Water Sample) Water Sample)*- Faecal Coliform 2400 (MPN / 100 ml 2400 (MPN / 100 ml ' for all types of Water Faecal______Water Sample) Water Sample) '0'foralltyps_o_Waer_ BOD (5 days at 200C) 50 mg / Itr. <40 mg / Itr. 3 mg / ltr. Or less *- * W.H. 0. Standurds ** CPCB Standards 3.4. AIR AND NOISE QUALITi An inventory of features sensitive to air and noise quality is presented in Table 3.4. The following sections present the ambient air and noise quality levels measured at the sensitive locations. The locations were selected so as to be representative of the landuses observed along the proposed alignment. Table 3-4: Sensitive Features along the proposed alignment Sensitive Feature Chainage DirectionofteppsdalgmnCmHorizontal Distance from the toe line of the proposed alignment (m) Temple 0.005 km LHS 25.0 Gurudwara 0.065 km LHS 2.8 School 0.407 km RHS 14.5 School 0.800 km RHS 29.0 3.4.1. Air Quality The ambient air quality was measured at two places (Pushpak primary school at 0.407 km, 15m from the proposed alignment along RHS and at the end point of Aizawl bypass) as per the methods prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board. The observed values of the air quality data in the project area are summarized in Table 3.5. The results indicate that while S02 and CO are below the detectable limits, the NOx values are below the prescribed standard limits. However, SPM values reported are very high in comparison to prescribed standards. Table 3-5: Air Quality Data Locati.n 3 &Zone Pollutant Measured Values3 in pg CPCB norms In pg / m (24 hrs Locathon &Zone Pollutant / m weighted average) S02 Not Detectable (N.D.) 30 Pushpak Primary NOx 11 .37 3 School (Sensitive NO N.D 30 Zone) 00 N.D. 10 SPM 225.6 o S02 N. D. 80 End point of NOx 6.83 80 proposed Aizawl BY- CO N. D. 2000 Pass SPM 843.6 200 Original Docur:ent Oy IC T CES 3-5 Revised anc Upooted b, L..-%-'SA W Zemabawk (Aizawl NH-54) School (Km 0.407) z I School (Km 0.800) r Pond (Km 2.565) KiJI K9 Pond (Km 2.475) t Pond(Knm 2.565) Kill) Stone Quarry (Km 2.90) Chite Lui (Km 2.950) Zoo Boundary(Km 3.10) # Streamlet (Km 3.197) Lawibual (Km 3.855) Pond (Km 4.083) Waterfall (Km 4.080) Stone Quarry (Km 4.410) L Stone Quarry (Km 4.960) < D Pond (Km 8.540) d Thing lu bul Legend Km 4.5 (PIA) Pond K Waterfall Crusher River Towards Streamlet Thing lu bul s Thenzawl Col :ource Features MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, Features along the Proposed Aizawl Bypass PHASE 11,PWD, GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Figure LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. 3.2 N New Delhi WV Mizorcmn Stote Roads Project Phose-II .,_O^A_, ., EIA & EVP for Aizowl 8vsooss. June 2003 3.4.2. Noise Quality The observed noise levels in the project area of Aizawl bypass were measured over 24 hrs using a handheld noise meter. The results are presented in Table 3.6. The results indicate that noise levels are higher than the threshold limits. Suitable mitigation measures shall be incorporated during the implementation of the project as suggested under Environmental Management Plan. Table 3-6: Observed Noise Levels Location 8 Zone Observed Noise Levels dB(A) Prescribed Standards Leq CPCB norms dB(A) Leqas per Start Point of Aizawl Day Time" Night Time. Day Time" Night Time. By-Pass © Pushpok Primary School ISilence / Sensitive 63.66 47.92 50 40 Zone) End Point of Aizawl By-Pass (Rural / Residential 59.55 49.61 55 45 Z o n e ) _ _ _ _ I______I______I______Day time is reckoned between 6:00 a.m.to 10:00 p.m 00* Night Hme is between 10:00p.m to 6:00 a.m. 3.5. FLORA / BIO - DIVERSITY Roadside Trees Aizawl By-Pass being a new cons!ruction, a number of trees and plants are likely to be uprooted due to lot of hill cutting and removal of vegetation. Trees of different species having girth more than 30cms (at 1m above ground) within the corridor of Impact (Col) of 15 m were counted and tree inventory data was prepared. The no. and girth wise distribution of trees likely to be felled is as shown in Table 3.7. Based on the information available with State Forest Department, data on rare and endangered plant species has been collected (refer Annexure 3.1). By comparing the results in Table - 3.7 with Annexure 3. 1, it is evident that no rare or endangered tree species 'will be affected. Table 3-7: Tree Inventory within COI of 15 m for Aizawl By-Pass Road Chainage Girth From To G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 Total 1+000 4+000 30 50 38 15 12 0 0 145 4+000 7+000 618 281 77 28 14 0 0 1018 7+000 10+000 240 124 74 59 31 0 0 528 10+000 13+000 251 217 175 141 122 0 0 906 13+000 16+000 92 137 149 126 52 0 2 558 TOTAL 1231 809 513 369 231 0 2 3155 GI= (30-60) Cm, G2=(60-90) Cm. G3=(90-120) Cm, G4=(120-150) Cm, G5=(150-180) Cm. G6=(180-270) Cm. G7=>270 Cm Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised ond Updated by LASA -7 mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-it EIAE. ENiP for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003 3.6. BIO-DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT ALONG BP1 (AIZAWL BY-PASS) ROAD For the biodiversity assessment along the Project corridor, line transect method was used to find the frequency, abundance and density for trees and quadrat method was followed for herbs and shrubs. For herbs and shrubs assessment, 30 quadrats each of area 1 sq.m were sampled on random basis within a bond extending 5-7m on each side of the road and the species identified and counted. Aggregate number of all quadrats for each stretch is used to calculate the abundance and density of each species. The biodiversity assessment identified 44 species of herb and shrub (Annexure - 3.2). For trees, 10 line transacts each of length 100m extending to a maximum of 15m from the road were taken and the species and no. of trees counted. The assessment identified 31 species of trees (Annexure - 3.3) and 18 species of ethno-medicinal plants (See Annexure - 3.4 for their uses). Generally, this project corridor is not rich in biodiversity and the type of the forest is secondary, a small clump of Bombusa tuldo and Melocanna baccifero are identified. In addition, among lianas and climbers, some species like Acacia caesia, Combretum decundrum, Dillenia pentogyno and Smilox spp. have been identified along the project corridor. Along the project corridor between chainages 0.000 - 13.400, the diversity as reflected in the Menhinick diversity index is 1.75 for herb & shrub. 1.88 for trees, whereas the diversity reflected as per Shannon-Weinner's diversity index is 3.42 for herbs and shrubs and 3.29 for trees.. In this project corridor, Macaranga indica has highest density among trees, and among shrub & herb Didymochlaena truncatula has highest density. The endangered Cyathea spp. has density of 0.13. Among the ethno-medicinal plant species, Securinego viroso has highest density of 1.3. Fauna During the biodiversity assessment survey, no animals have been sighted along the project corridor.. However, some bird species like Pycnonotus cofer (Tlaiber,h). Phylloscopus inornotus (Chuaichilling), Pycnonotus melanicterus (Tukkhumvilik), Megalaimc osiotica (Phaituklo), Lonchura striota (Pit) and Dicoeum concolor (Tektek) have been sighted. The identified birds species are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Rare and Endangered Floral and Faunal Species During the floral and faunal diversity survey along the project corridor, only one rare and endangered Cyothea spp. has been identified near chainage 2.850. No other rare or endangered animal species has been identified. 3.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT IMPACTED VILLAGES The proposed construction of the Aizawl bypass is going to affect properties in 7 villages, all failing within the Aizawl town area. These villages are Zembawak. I.T.I, Original Doc ment by Icr & CES 3.8 Revised or,cf Updc!Cted b, LA SA ,Iizorcm Stcte Roacds Project Phose-it EIA &E,AP tor Aizowl c-0oss.June 2003 Salem, Venghnuai, Kulikawn, Saikhamakawn, Melthum. The Demographic Profile, Literacy rate and Socio- Economic development pattern have been discussed in the following sections. The social infrastructure pattern, the communication facilities and the physical infrastructure of these villages can be referred in the RAP and IPDP report for the P1 B and the Aizawl Bypass. 3.7.1. Demographic Prorile In the villages along Aizawi 6ypass, Zemobawk, I.T.1 followed by Kulikawn are the most populated villages (refer Table 3.8). Along the Aizawl Bypass, the highest family size is in l.T.1 Veng (7 persons/family) followed by Saikhamakawn and Venghnuai (6 persons/family). The average family size is lower in the case of the rural areas than in the urban area. Another critical aspect with respect to the demography of a place is the sex ratio. The villages where the female population is lower than men are Saikhamakawn (912 females per 1000 males), Zemabawk (956 females per 1000 males), and Venghnuai (974 females per 1000 males). Table 3-8: Demographic Profile of Project Impacted Villages, 2001 Name of Village No. of No. of POPULATIO Average Family Size Sex Ratio Houses Households Male Female Total Zemabowk 1500 1623 4466 4271 8737 5 956 I.T.I 320 570 1941 2114 4055 7 1089 Salem 598 590 1350 1454 2804 5 1077 Venghnuai 272 321 1013 987 2000 6 974 Kulikawn 602 775 1873 1953 3826 5 1042 Saikhamakawn 204 230 680 620 1300 6 912 Melthum 140 165 395 430 825 5 1089 Total 3636 4274 11718 11829 23547 6 1009 Source: Report on Block Statistics. 2001. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Aizawl 3.7.2. Literacy In the villages along the Aizawl Bypass, the literacy rates vary from 80% to 95%, the least being in Melthum and the highest in l.T.1 and Saikhamakawn (Table 3.9). Table 3-9: Literacy Rate in Project Impacted Villages Village Number of structures Zemabawk 92 I.T.I 95 Salem 82 Venghnuai 88 Kulikawn 95 Saikhamakawn .95 Melthum 80 C! gJincl Gocument by ICT 'S &8 7,9 a -e. ,ced c J.~cact _.vLa' Mixrcrm Stcoe rocds Project Pihcse-'l EIA E. %IP for AiZC,-v .'!S oss. June 2003 3.7.3. Economic and Social Development Pattern 96% of the Net Sown Area in Mizoram is under Jhum Cultivation. Jhum Cultivation which is essentially the slash and burn technology of agriculture is an environmentally unsustainable method of cultivation. The problems arising of this practice are land degradation and loss of productivity. Conversion to sedentary agriculture is therefore important for improving productivity and bringing more area under cultivation. 3.8. BASELINE SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION Proposed construction of the Aizawl bypass would require as much as 18.15 ha of land acquisition. The land acquisition plan prepared for the same shows that of the total land to be acquired for the bypass construction, 16.47 ha is private land and 1.70 ha belongs to the government department. Further the private land acquisition entails acquisition of 6.36 hectares of Residential land and 10. i 1 hectares of Agricultural land. The detailed statement of private lands to be acquired in each of the Project affected villages can be referred in the RAP and IPDP for the P1 B and the Aizawl Bypass. 3.8.1. Baseline Survey of PAPs A census survey of the Projected Affected Households (PAHs) and the population has been done. 80% of the PAHs have been covered. Data related to the age, sex, occupation, education, and the assets possessed have been collected for the PAPs and the PAHs. In all 256 households are affected due to the project, the village wise details of which are presented in Table 3.10. The details of the Project affected persons (545 PAPs) are given in Table 3.1 1. Table 3-10: Number of Project Affected Households Project Affected Villages Residential Commercial Agricultural Total Zemobawk 59 0 6 65,- ITI 16 0 15 31 Salem 82 0 9 91 Venghnuai 0 0 5 5 Kulikawn II 0 19 30 Saikhomkawrn 0 0 15 15 Melthum 4 0 15 19 Total Bypass 172 0 84 256 Table 3-11: Project Affected Persons P Agricultural | Commercial [ Residential | Total Project Affected Villages C , , MIFI T Ml F T M I F T M F T Aizawl Bypass Zemabawk- NA NA NA 0 0 63 43 106 63 43 106 ITI' | 28 17 45 0 0 0 20 9 29 48 46 74 Salem 1 20 16 136 0 0 0 103 70 173 123 189 209 Venghnuai NA N.< NA NA NA j NAFIA !NAA NA NA NA NA Crnginc. GoCumennt tylC 310 :e.'itec 2*:n'; «I,^cc ~t - 43 Mvlizorom Stote Rocds Project Phose-1t & E,P for AizOwl BvOQss. June 2003 Project Affected Villages Agricultural Commercial Residential Total M F T M F T M F T M | F ______N A Kulikawn NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Saikhamakawn 40 29 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 29 69 Melthum 39 30 69 0 0 0 9 9 18 48 48 87 Total Bypass 127 92 219 0 0 0 195 131 326 322 | 418 545 Note: M-Male: F-Female: T-Total: -Data Calculated for Collected Samples 3.8.2. Classification of PAHs by Occupation Distribution of PAHs amongst different occupations is fairly equitable in the case of the Aizawl Bypass. While 38% of the PAHs are engaged in Agriculture, another 37% are engaged in Service. 27% of the PAHs are into business. The reason for such a distribution is that these villages are essentially part of Aizawl town. The persons engaged in Agriculture practice Jhum Cultivation. The project involves dismantling of a number of Jhum huts( for detailed description of the PDPs, refer RAP and IPDP of P1 B and Aizawl Bypass). 3.8.3. Income Profile The PAHs have been classified on the basis of their income into those belonging to Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (ABPL). The planning commission standard has been used for classifying households into these categories. For the rural areas, the standard used is Rs. 362/capita/month and for the urban sections it is Rs. 343/capita/month. 3.9. CULTURAL PROPERTIES The bypass passes away from inhabited areas and there are no structures of any social or religious importance located within the Col. However, there is a tree called the Thing lu Bul which is located quite close to the proposed culvert 13/4. Health of this t,ree is considered to be an indicator of the well - being of the nearby community, which it is believed to guard. This is a belief from the pre-Christion times in Mizoram and therefore, protection of this cultural property is a priority. _.::irc DoL'nC';ttrr,eCy --- 3-11 j ..ec_c~.;.a ., .-'... O,Z, lb:d-n (} )!M lu'1 ,)1 \~~/r | -s5roS~~~~ 1 | f ! I;dn st'-ha @ I g-r,1 JK,)wnr.z.8 I .,,X1,12 _ \ .~~~~~~~~~~2.0 t~~~~4 pt9S/ltematives.qAnls' of A 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The chapter evaluates the various design alternatives and provides the rationale for the selection oF particular treatment. 4.1. LEVEL OF ANALYSIS As already described in the preceding chapters, the major purpose anticipated to be served by the proposed bypass is to provide an alternative shorter link to PI road from NH-54 for travellers going to the south towards Lunglei. thereby sharing the present traffic load on NH-54 as well. If this traffic is added to the already heavy traffic of city, it will lead to huge congestion in the Aizawl city during peak hours. The important considerations of convenience, road safety and travel timesavings for both the through traffic as well as local population of the Aizawl city necessitated the need for a bypass. Along with various design considerations that were taken into account for selecting the best suitable alignment for the bypass, a two-tiered Environmental analysis was followed. The analysis included the folowing steps * Comparison of the various feasible alternatives for the proposed bypass with respect to various Environmental and social parameters, taking into account the convenience and the safety concerns as well. * Comparing the various alternatives for reducing the Environmental and social impacts in the selected alignment to the maximum and adopting the most suitable one in the mitigation design. 4.2. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE BYPASS ALIGNMENT The proposed alignment for the Aizawl Bypass was selected after studying the pros and cons of the following possible alternatives. * Option 1: No bypass option i.e allowing the traffic taking off from NH-54 and moving towards Lunglei and other south-west regions of the Mizoram to traverse through the Aizawl city and then join the Priority road PI A. * Option 2: Alignment along the west side of the Aizawl city * Option 3: Alignment along the east of the Aizawl city The three options running north south, one through Aizawl. and other two on west ond east of -Aizcwl respectively are shown in Figure 4.1. For these alternatives, a broad evaluation.criterion was developed containing the factors, which are required to be satisfied vis-6-vis the proposed construction of the bypass to be justified as a whole. Various feasible options were screened and those not fulfilling these criteria were filtered out. The factors forming the basis of such evaluation criteria were: 1. Smooth and conflict free travel for the through traffic. 2. Road safety and Originc Document by ICT & CiS 4 1 Revised and UpdateC sv L.ASA f t~~~~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY 54 1 s ~~~~~~~CHIAND I-iW < i(* ~CHANDMA % ZARKAWT. ARMED VENG.N. D.VENGTHAR. ARMED VENG.S. *CHHJNGAVENG ) ~~~~~~~~DAWRAU.SARONh TUIKUAL-N BETHLEHEM.V.T. UETHLEHEM.VCH. TUEKUAL-S. COLLEGE. VENG. BYPASS ,VENGHLUT BPS BUNOKAWN (I.T.I.ENG KHATLA* MISSON.VENG. MUAL PURl. *SALEM. / \ .~~~~~~DAMWAN. \ ,T~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~G. D VENG . 2 ~~~~~~KULIKAWNs LEGENDEGN \ ...National Highway-54 Notional bypass option 2 / r-m...... jl Existing 1l Alignment portion for a .... Yoption3(a) TLANGNUAM.i3 New Alignment for option 3(a) Option 1 through Aizwal 7 - >>v Statea Highway F I River L- IJ ALTERNATIVES FOR AIZAWL BYPASS MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, PWD, GOVERNMENT OF MI7ORAM MS LEA ASSOCIATES SOUTH ASIA PVT.LTD MAP NOT TO SC::ALE Figue4.1 (IASA), NEW DELHI 1il Mizorom State R'cds Project Phose-/l EIA & ENIP for Aizcwi BypQSS. June 2003 3. Improved connectivity of the traffic traversing through NH-54 and other state highways with priority rood PIA such that the link to Lunglei and other south-west regions of Mizoram is shorter as well as convenient. No Project Option: The traffic traveling towards Lunglei, after taking off from NH-54 / other State Highways follows the existing roads traversing through the Aizawl city and then join the Priority route PI A. Though shorter than NH-54, it will lead to major problems like congestion due to the route traversing through several villages of the Aizawl city (refer Figure. 4.1). With the upgradation of the priority road P1A, almost 75% of the present average daily traffic (503 PCU at present and 4994 PCU in 2022) from Aizawl to Lunglei, presently following the NH-54 route is likely to be diverted to the State Highway. Moreover, the LMV and LCV traffic of the SH to Durtlang traveling towards Lunglei is also likely to be diverted towards PHA and therefore traverses the congested area of Aizawl. The option, not ensuring the smooth travel, travel time saving and road safety was therefore, rejected. Table 4-1 Comparison of project options Project Options Parameter Option 1. No Option 2. Western Option 3. Eastern Project Alignment Alignment Length. km Present length 303 15 Landslides Absent Higher incidence4 Lesser than Western LandslidesH_gher Absenncidealignment Higher risk than oil Risk higher than Eastern Safer alignment Road safety other options alignment option Settlements 26 Nil 3 Traversed ______co levels 120 Only Ambient Only Ambient concentrations Concentrations SPM levels 1026 153 153 Noise levels 71.6 dB(A) 68 dB(A) 68 dB(A) Selected alignment _ Comparison of options for alternative alignments is presented in Table 4-1. It is evident that the western alignment involves longer distance and is also prone to land subsidence. Hence, only eastern alignment (option 3) is selected. Alignment along the east of the Aizawl city (option 3): After the option on the west side of the bypass was rejected, various alternatives on the east of Aizawl city were sought for the selection of the proposed alignment for the bypass. The feasible alternatives were: ' Higher length due to the spread of Aizawl city being in the shape of a T, the longer arm is towards the east, increasing the length of the bypass. 'Cases of land subsidence are observed at locations along rhie notional aiignmen! o ,uiAion 2 .r:QinCrDcc~'ore-, 'cis 4. 'e,isec--rc U_,.s,es_a -- ~i * M,X'' l.:.m Stote Rocs Project Phose-tI EIA & E',iP for AiZC2v avposs.June 2003 Option 3(a): This option takes off from NH-54 and follows the existing road passing through BRO complex Option 3(b): This option takes off from NH 54 at a distance of about 1.5 km south of option 3. Just beyond this point, NH 54, while traveling towards Lunglei, takes a left turn with the hills on the right side. For a short distance of about 500 m, it passes through the congested area of Zemabawk. Option 3(c): This option takes off from NH 54 at a distance of about 0.oc km north of option 3. It passes through BRO land with a steep valley to its right. The routes followed by the alignments in Options 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) are shown in Figure 4.2. A qualitative analysis was done and the three options were compared with respect to various Environmental and social parameters (refer table 4.2). I W Hillside Lunglei Densely Populated Area of Zemabawk Option 3(b) Chite Lui BRO Land_ Option 3(a) Existing Aizawl __lignment Town __,__ Steep Valley Option 3( c) Figure 4-2: Zemabawk End of Aizawl Bypass Table 4-2: Qualitative Environmental analysis of the feasible alternatives Attributes Option 3(a) Option 3(b) ! Option 3(c) Geometry 2.9 km existing alignment Entirely new alignment for Entirely new alignment for 13.48 km 13.48 km Earth Work Lesser than options 31a) Higher, being on entirely Higher, being an entirely and 3 (b) new clignment new alignment Erosion Potential Er-rc potentiol due to Higher erosion due to Hicher erosion due to ori inci C£CUmeCn; u.\. & 44S ~=-sec _ 9cf _c - u@tz_-4'4 Lm t ,'vlizorcm Stc.e Roccs Project Phose-it EIA & EMP "or Ai,Cwl :vcpss, June 2003 Attributes Option 3(a) Option 3(b) Option 3(c) tipping of soil materiol is tipping of soil material tipping of soil material less Land acquisition Relatively nominal land Higher due to private land Higher due to the costs acquisition costs. and plantation in Aizawl acquisition of private land Town area. in Aizawl Town Arec and BRO land. Displaement of Nominal Very High people displacement Higher than Option 3(a). Landslide No cases of landslide The alig, ,nt passes No coses of landslide Potential recorded through lands ide prone recorded area______Impact on Contamination of rivers Contamination of rivers Contamination of rivers Hydrology would be less compared would be higher than would be higher than to option 3(bl and 3(c) option 3(a). option 3(b). due to lesser erosion potential. Road Safety No risks due to absence of For about 500m. the No risks as no settlements settlements alignment passes through are present settlements, hence higher risk ______Junction with A well designed junction is Well designed junction is Well designed junction is NH-54 possible (Figure 4.3) not possible due to dense possible but BRO land population is present and would be difficult to higher displacement of acquire for the junction people would be there Cost Least costly option Costliest option Relatively costly option From Table 4.2 analysis, the option 3(a) emerges as the most favorable option from Environmental and social angle and was therefore proposed for the construction of the bypass. To mitigate the residual Environmental and social impacts due to the construction of the bypass along the proposed alignment, the analysis of the mitigation measures is discussed in the following sections. 4.3. MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ALONG OPTION 3(a) As shown in Figure 4.4, Figure 4.5a and b, there are two schools at chainage 0.407 km and 0.8 km respectively along the right side of the proposed alignment. The secondary school at Km 0.8 is far from the road, on the valley side and is downhill; therefore it is not impacted due to the project. Safety measures are to be devised for the Pushpak primary school at Km 0.407(refer pictorial representation of the schools in fig.4.5). The students in the school also need to be shielded from noise pollution due to the construction of bypass. Various mitigation alternatives sought were: • Alternative 1: Provision of a masonry compound wall of suitable height (more than the height of the wall of the school) all along the boundary of the school facing the proposed alignment and extending along the water tank (refer fig 4.5(a)) thus forming a C shape. * Alternative 2: Provision of a bamboo protection in place of masonry compound wall. _rigtncl ocument oy!cT & C.S 4-5 sec,ieCnc Updct-eC _v L.' '. 0 Existing Alignment -SI - Z ~~~(Option 1) '7 s o - - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- lO 0 .' 0 ,! WOODEN HOUSE /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T / e 0/D aRESIDE NTIAL 8UILDING Gof)BUILDINGUNDR \ ell ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RESIDENTIALBUILDING ,S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ NE USE~~~~~~~~~~~~~ULDN C)) &Ii,zcrom S;-- RcDo zec; F.icse-ll ff.g E.P cr -:zc5.a -._css. rze 2003 VA Fig. 4.5 (a) Pushpak Primary School at Km 0.407 Fig. 4.5 (b) Secondary School at Km 0.8 Alternative 3: Provision of double-glazing in windows rendering protection against the noise pollution. The above three alternatives are assessed as presented in the Table 4-3. Table 4-3 Analysis of Mitigation Alternatives Parameter Alternativel Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Protection of school Highest safety due to Lower safety due to children against rood the strong compound Bamboo not being strong No road safety ensured safety risks wall Protection from Noise The Compound woll will Bamboo protection Double-glazing ensures pollution act as a noise barrier as doesn't ensure protection noise protection, but heat well against noise pollution, as trapping will cause the noise can easily travel discomfort inside. through the openings in the bamboo sticks The alternative is costliest Cost Costlier than Alt 2 but Comparatively cheaper when compared to the cheaper than Alt 3. other two alternatives The above analysis shows that Alternative I is the most favorable option and therefore a compound wall shall be provided as protection to the school. "a;- .. ;~: ..-ze,-: .- :.<..~cc,:-. ,~~ ~-- 44-8 8 i ; uoije$nnsuo uanaoD 5 2 . ., . , f £'lS I *,,det, 'W0O ,,5 .;PJ / .IIISec/ 0,~~~~~~~~~~~ / ."' .d.', > e~~~llUToS; I\~~:: I f. / n:C,., ! ' '= ,~~~ ~~ , /'4,Lr 5.1. INTRODUCTION Community Consultation is taken up as an integral part of social and environmental assessment process of the Project. Public participation involves information dissemination to the Project Stakeholders on the Project and involving the public in the decision making process. A three-stage consultation process has therefore been followed in the project. The first two stages of consultation with the ^-ople were during the pre-design stage and the post-design verification stage. The follow up consultation program would be conducted during the implementation of the project by the NGOs. The objectives of consultation sessions, the procedure adopted and the outputs of the consultations conducted are briefly described in the following sections. 5.2. PRE-DESIGN CONSULTATION PROCESS 5.2. 1. Objective The pre-design consultation process was conducted by the PCC. Objectives of the consultation were: * Information dissemination on the Project: * Identification of stakeholders in the project; and * Identification of issues of the stakeholders concerning the project. 5.2.2. The Process Several tools for consultation were applied and the views, suggestions and the concerns of the community with respect to the project were obtained. The following paragraphs describe the consultation process in detail. The consultation process established for the project employed a range of formal and informal consultation tools including, in depth interview with key informants, village meetings, workshops and door-to-door personal contacts. Consultation was held with the stakeholders of the project as listed below: * Heads of the households likely to be impacted; * Members of the households likely to be impacted; * Clusfers of PAPs; . Villagers: • Village Council Presidents; * Local voluntary organisotions, and CBOs/NGOs: * Government agencies and departments; * Other project-stokeholders. such as women, prominent persons from the villages (such as teachers, health workers. doctors). --);e(-. : . Zo:..^:: . -- Nlizorom Stcte ozcds Project ^hose-l ElA & E?1P for Ai:wl EBvpcss. June 2003 A 100% sample was taken up for individual household consultation (door-to-door personal interviews). The household level consultations were carried out with the help of a checklist prepared and circulated in advance to the various groups through the Village Council Presidents. Also village level consultations were conducted. The information regarding the meeting schedule was made available to the villagers through the Public Address System5. 5.2.3. Issues Raised During Consultations The issues of the community in the Project Impacted Villages were compiled on the basis of questionnaire based surveys and group discussions. Table 5.1 shows the participation from various villages along which these consultations were held Table 5-1: Participation in Consultation Meetings Project Impacted Villages Group Discussions Male Female Zemabawk 8 3 Salemveng 18 4 Melthum 14 17 The questionnaire-based surveys were conducted between October to November 2001. However, the response to the questionnaire based survey was poor with no participation from the stakeholders. The group discussions were conducted between 5th and 6th November 2001. Table 5.2 gives the issues raised during the discussions. Both specific issues of villages and common issues raised by the villagers have been described. Table 5-2: Group Discussion Based Issues and Responses Environmental &Social Issues Raised By The Responses from project officials Participants What are the markings made on the houses? These ore identification numbers for affected structures. Why some houses hove not been marked? Since they are not being impacted, they have not been marked. Will the NH-54 be damaged? If so whot will you do? NH-54 will not be damaged. Isthe size of the road 24 feet? Yes. Will it be possible to construct roads without In Mizoram because of the hilly terrain, rock dumping soil? cutting isa must and therefore the soil shall be disposed off at suitable sites. Has the company been selected for construction? Tenders have been sent out for Phose-I and is under consiruction Land which people buy may cost more than the Compensation for land would be given at compensation amount. replacement cost. Each village in Mizoram has a Public Address Systern. vrcgincl Docu-rent byt tC _ES 5-2E -e:iC-eoi ;,cm UL,_'tee - _t.1 5 Mizorom ":ote Rocds Project Phase-'! -P IeA& EMIP for .A;,cwvl BYpOss. June 2003 Environmental & Social Issues Raised By The Participants Responses from project oficials Do you have sufficient disposal areos? Disposal sites have been identified but suggestions from the villogers for appropriate disposal site would be welcome. Between the time of construction and this period. The village councils have been asked to stop people may plant or build on their land to get alottment abutting the project road. compensated. What are the measures to check this? What type of bridge will be constructed on Chite Concrete Bridge would be constructed. lui? Will you use the land of Pachhungo University The land acquisition plan would be made and College. Aizawl? then will be informed to the village community. When will the road construction start inside the town Aiz2wl By-pass will start after 2 years and construction of Phase-I road will probobly start next year. Perceived Impacts The pre-design consultations served the purpose of exchange of information. Following the information dissemination, the community's perception of positive and negative impacts of the proposed project are: (a) Positive Impacts * The project would accelerate development of trade and commerce, which in turn would lead to an overall increase in the standard of living in the villages. * The project would enable the people to save time, money and fuel. * Travelling to places like Lunglei and Aizawl for medical treatment would be easier. * PAPs would be able to sell agricultural products more profitably due to improved connectivity. * Value of land will increase after the project is implemented. (b) Negative Impacts * The PAPs were apprehensive about just and timely payment of compensation by the Government. People were assured that all possible. and feasible actions would be taken up to ensure that such issues do not arise in the project. They were informed about the compensation and assistances that would be given to them against loss of assets, land and livelihood. * There were apprehensions about timely completion of the project and the quality control mechanism. The implementation schedule and arrangements, including the procurement of supervision consultants and technical auditors were explained to the people. * Dust and debris due to hill cutting and the adverse impacts on the volley side were the important concerns raised by the community. Appropriate precautions need to be taken for the safety of structures on the valley side. AMizalarn Store ;cds Project Phase-lI EIA & EMP tor.a.:Cw/I BypOss. June 2003 There were apprehensions of an increase in landslides due to the cutting of hillside slopes and the trees. Suggestions Specific to Compensation * Villagers wanted cash compensation at current market prices. However many people had no idea about the rates at all. * Village Councils/Village Council President were recommended to be involved in disbursement of compensation money since they enjoyed the trust of the people. * Most of the PAPs had no objection to being displaced provided they were adequately compensated for their losses i.e. money to build a new house and live as they did prior to displacement. D Most of those who would get displaced wanted relocation sites to be within the village boundary and in the vicinity of the present settlement. 5.3. POST-DESIGN CONSULTATION The Independent Environment Review team conducted the post design appraisal of the issues raised by the community. The process adopted for the appraisal includes: * On site assessment of issues raised by the community: * Discussions with the stakeholders on specific issues; * Integration of community issues with the mitigation strategies; and * Design Response to the issues raised. The post-design consultation was restricted to specific issues raised by the villagers in the light of the proposed design for the project corridor. The site visits were conducted between 9th to 13th January 2003. The issues hove been detailed in Table 5.3. Also, the design response to the issue has been given. Follow up consultations shall be conducted with the final designs displayed for the public. Table 5-3: Specific Issues Raised by the Community Parameter Issue Design Response The protection of the tree known as The PCC design team in their response to "Thing-lu-bul" is a concern as it is of the suggestion of the review team Protection of local significance. Several beliefs are explored a suitable alternotive. It has been Sacred tree at associated with the tree and hence, suggested by them that design changes Proposed CD the villagers are concerned for its would not be possible at this point of time. 13/4 protection. Instead the contractor should follow the protection measures devised for the tree in the EMP. What type of road is to be Intermediate lone rood measuring 7.1 m constructed? Will the existing side formation width and 5.5 m width black Design drain and culvert be reconstructed? topping will be constructed. The existing side drains. culverts and Bridges will be restored and new ones will be constructed wherever necessary ..rictnc; l~JoecDm=e'i b'. ^E 5.4 [ iA -e^.cfeeo : ~zc>ecc-... .-...... A. ,mizorOm StoteR?oods Project Pha.-e-,Il EIA & EMIP t'r AiZ;--vI Svncss. June 2OCL. Parameter Issue Design Response It WaS decided that the earth spoil If the situation arises, utmost care and would be disposed off at the maximum precaution will be taken to identified disposal sites, but in certain protect the structures on the valley side. It Issues related to cases it could be necessary to blast shall be the responsibility of the contractor, blasting of rock up the rock, which may cause whose work will be supervised by the damage to the valley side properties. Supervision Consultants. If so, what are the remedial measures to be taken? Compensotior If the house is to be shifted, will the According to the World Bank policy, if any site for the new house be house is destructed, a new house whose developed? value is not less than the previous one is to be constructed. Value of the house shall be compensated Land Acquisition Will you use the land of Pachhungo 14000 sq. mts of Pachhunga University land University College. AizOwl? would be acquired. 5.4. FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION PROGRAMME The follow up consultation process is to be conducted by the NGO with the objective of involving the stakeholders in every stage of project implementation. It involves two components viz, information disclosure and continuous consultation with the PAPs. These components have been described briefly in the following paragraphs. 5.4.1. Information Disclosure The R&IPDP will be disclosed at each of the project-affected villages, for the benefit of the interested community, and the stakeholders. The reports would be kept at a community place / libraries so that it is accessible to all the villagers. The report shall also be available, with the PWD headquarters at Aizawl and the PIU office at Aizawl. The report from these places will be available to the public on request for reference. PWD project implementation unit office will provide actual information on policies and other rehabilitation action plan to the people, on a regular basis. Also, the PAPs would be informed by the NGO of the final project design and the solutions devised for the issues raised by them during the earlier stages of consultation. Table 5.4 gives the issues and the design responses, which need to be disclosed to the villagers. 5.4.2. Continued Consultation As part of the continued consultation program. representation from the PIU shall also be present. The following actions are proposed: * The NGO involved in implementation of the R&IPDP will organise public meetings, and will appraise the communities about the progress in the implementation of R&R works. :.rcginci Doc.rrmenrtcX ~.S' 5 5 - evised canc J,occvec _.- Mlizorom Stole -oods Project Phose-ll EIA & EMAPfor Aicw,vt Byposs. June 2003 • The functions of Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) through which the project road traverses should be explained to the PAPs. Representatives of the PAPs will be associated with the committee. • Resettlement sites, other amenities and facilities to be made available to the PAPs will be disclosed to them in consultation sessions. • The NGO will organise public meetings to inform the community about the entitlements and provisions under the project. Regular update of the progress of resettlement component of the project (summary version cf the report submitted by the NGO) will be placed for public display at PIU office. • All monitoring and evaluation reports of the R&R components of the project will be disclosed in the same manner as suggested in this R&IPDP report. Table 5.4 provides the mechanism for community participation in the project, detailing the different stages of participation, and the roles of the stakeholders'. C-;-cl =oc .'e t,b C- _ C ES 5-6 .,eOcnc .pGaA;e^. * . Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA & EMP torAizowl Bypass, June 2003 Table 5-4: Mechanisms for Continued Participation in the Project Project Stage PAPs and their Representatives NGOs Local Officials (in Project and Host Areas) Village Council Verification of * Receive intormotion on project impacts. * Carry ouf baseline veriticotion * Assist in baseline PAPs for R&R * Participate verification and * Improve in the coordination committee. and updation on the basis activities of updation. intormotion * Participate in census surveys. formats and provided. * Assist NGO in information dissemination. * Participate in consultations to develop inputs to design ol IR * Assist in census and socio- * Participate programs. in Public Consultations, income restoration economic survey. * Arrange * PAP transport to site. programs Keep records of consultations. * Participate in coordination * Help to document consultations. * Identity * Choose resettlement alternatives or existing housing committee. * Support the schermes. village council's work in income restoration * Organise consultations. irmptementation. * Inputs schemes to design of resettlement locotions. * Representation on grievance * Examine feasibility of IR programs and * Discuss areas ot * Pailicipate in grievance tribunal. tribunal. discuss with PAPs. possible conflict Facilitaoe PAP inter-group with PAPs meetings. ______Implementation * Monitor provision of entillements and * Provide ongoing information * Process documents tor LA and transter convey grievances to NGOs and PIU. of * Identity lands tor for PAPs. land to PAPs for relocation. * Labor and other inputs ot site relocation of * Forward grievances of PAPs * Process IR proposals * Management oa site and project input displaced PAPs. and participate in grievance * Participate in grievance redresssof * Management ot common property * Form joint tribunal. * Provide assistance resources under local schemes management * Provide support in group * Membership of implementation groups for cornmon * Management of community development management committee resources funids * Monitor entitlement provision * Process documents for welfare and socia- * Member of implementation committee and implementation of IR economic services (rafion card, BPL card) programs Members of implementation committee Monitoring and * Participate in grievance tribunol * Provide information to project * Ongoing interaction with PAPs Evaluation * Report to project on IR schemes to identify * Provide inputs to staff on vulnerable groups problems in IR programs * Reports on service monitoring and quality at site * Act as external monitors tor * Participants in correctionol strategies evoluation project of R&R . C)ric-inu I Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA ! y/r 'FJ ... ,.'.D!.. r 0- I Lurgoi , ~ jH / b:!q // Yi a..=,g (Ya. ) .LaRm I S P ji ut ~ ~~~~I - Champhai - anns, I 62nr. Asesmn ofg Evom tIpc \ I RI i t &. Assessmento Eniomna Imat 6. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The proposed bypass construction would bring benefits for the commuters as well as leod to Socio-economic development of the region. There would be aesthetic improvements due to enhancements. However, there are certain undesirable Environmental impacts apprehended due to the project and the focus of the Environmental impact assessment is to identify such impacts and assess the scole of their magnitude. The likely adverse impacts due the project activities at various stages of the projec- i,uve been discussed in the following sections. 6.1. IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 6.1.1. Destabilization of slopes and soil erosion Construction of the bypass will involve the cutting of hillside and thus involves substantial earthwork. The cut matericl will be utilized for bypass construction and the excess will be disposed at designated locations, selected as disposal sites. The estimated quantities of earth material to be utilized for bypass construction' is as given below: * Earthwork due to hill cutting = 3,40,178 m3 * Earth material to be utilized in road works ' 1,01,137 m3 * Earthwork to be disposed off at designated disposed sites = 2,39,041 m3 * Slopes in Mizoram are generclly of shale and rockbound clays, which have poor strength and stability in cuts. Cutting of the hill faces, felling of trees and movement of the heavy construction machinery during the construction stage will have various direct and long-term impacts. some of them being * Disruption to stability of the cut slopes rendering them vulnerable to landslides; * Modification of drainage patterns and resulting erosion: * Denudation of the hill slope, which triggers various secondary impacts, * Increase in overburden on the valley slopes due to disposal of the debris from cut slopes resulting in their instability. The Aizawl bypass, being a new construction. the natural conditions of the project area will be modified because of massive hill cutting. Disturbances of the slopes will result in various cumulative impacts, which can extend beyond the project area - affectin3 slope stability, increasing turbidity in downstream water etc. In order to stabilize the cut slopes on the hillside, protection measures need to be sought. Various measures like provision of retaining walls for hill slopes and breast walls for valley slopes or the adoption of bioengineering techniques for soil stabilization need For details refer design report and b4liof quantities for the b S.oncd rccamenf rycC ':. 5 6-1 li mizorarm Stc-e RoodCs .roject Fhcrse-l EiA & EA1P for -A:c-' RvPoss. June ?'6u3 to be assessed for their suitability and accordingly designed. Similarly suitoble sites for disposal need to be identified for the safe disposal of debris to prevent soil erosion. 6.1.2. Loss of Productive Soil The most immediate, direct and long-term effect of cutting of the slopes is the elimination of the productive capacity and topsoil. Removal of topsoil will not only have implications in terms of loss of micronutrients to sustain growth of vegetation but also othe, zocially useful plants and crops., Agriculture/plantation areas will be impacted to a higher degree than the surrounding land due to the removal of topsoil. 6.1.3. Impacts due to quarrying and borrowing Operations Impacts due to quarrying will last for the construction period. The proposed alignment being closer to P1A, the priority route identified for upgradation during MSRP Phase-I activities, it has been decided to take quarry material from the quarries identified during MSRP Phose-I (refer table 3.1). The impacts due to quarrying operations will include generation of dust during haulage of the material. The noise levels near quarry area are also likely to increase due to blasting operations. No borrowing of river sand is proposed. This will be substituted by stone dust, which shall be procured from quarries along the project corridor at Km 2.90. 4.25 & 4.410. To mitigate these impacts, it needs to be ensured that the quarry operations are undertaken within the preview of the rules and regulations in force and adequate precautions are taken during the transportation of quarry material to the construction site. 6.2. IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES Surface Water Sources The major impacts on the water resources that the proposed construction is likely to bring are: * The surface water quality in the project area may get contaminated temporarily due to accidental spills of construction material, oil, grease, fuel and paint from the equipment yards and asphalt plant. • The water retention capacity of the area being low due to the steep terrain, surface water resources will be tapped for water required during the construction stage which may cause considerable pressure on the surface water sources * Another possible source of impact on water bodies may be contamination from improper sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps * The construction of new bridges and culverts can cause contamination of the river water due to spillage of the construction material Impacts on the water resources alc:cg the project corridor are as listed below: r_;-noi Dccur-nt ov c & C. 6C2 - -. .:s-c _rs ;_,-w;>eH_-:-1l!6-2 Mizorom StCres oods Project Phase-i Y<°".- ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA&EMtP for -. -cwl ,3yposs. JuJne 2003 * The waterfall and the streamlet will not be impacted as they are away from the road alignment. However cutting of hill and removal of earth will disturb the natural drainage of these streams. It would also severe their present accessibility and availability to the local people since the local people tap these streams for their water requirement. • A portion of the Pond (B) at Km. 2.565 km may be lost due to its being bisected by the alignment. The alignment has been selected so as not to occupy any portion of bigger pond at Km 2.565. However this pond and the pond at Km. 4.083 may be contaminated from road runoff as well as the r,-off from eroded slopes. Pond(C) and the pond at Km. 8.540 will not be impacted, as they are 23.5 and 14.9 m from toe line of proposed embankment. To avoid the impacts on water resources, care needs to be taken that the construction camp is located at a safe distance from these water resources and a proper sewage system is designed for the construction laborers in the form of septic tank/soak pits. Disposal sites should be so selected so as to be away from the ponds and rivers. Along road embankment slopes abutting water bodies and at the outfall of each culvert, various erosion protection measures like stone pitching, gross scales, silt fencing etc. need to be assessed for feasibility and accordingly provided. To prevent contamination resulting from oil and grease spills, provision of oil interceptors at the outfall point of such discharge into the water bodies can be a viable option. For the water resources avoided by the proposed alignment but lying along the project corridor, enhancement measures may be provided to improve the aesthetic quality of the project corridor Impacts on Ground Water Resources The Aizawl Bypass' being a new construction, there is not much habitation along the selected project alignment and hence no impact on water sources such as hand pumps in envisaged. Thus the overall impact on the ground water quality,.is insignificant. 6.3. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY Traffic levels in the proposed bypass are not high to cause air pollution. The predicted SPM concentration shows an increase of 52.5 ug/m3 in Year 2022. Increase of other gases, CO and NOx will be below detectable levels. Only construction stage impacts will be present. The proposed construction will involve hill cutting, hill planting and disposal of surplus earth material thereby creating lot of dust in the project corridor during construction activity. Effects of the increased SPM concentrations during blasting and earthwork will dominate the construction stage impacts. Localized degradation in air quality will occur in areas close to hot-mix plants and batching plants. Cr',int ocurncnr tvrzvC5- 6-3 \lizoram Stcre Roccs Project Phase-4 - & EmP for Ai;owl 3yposs. June 2I0n Generation of exhaust gases is likely due to movement of heavy machinery, oil tankers etc. Gases like S02, HC, NOx and other volatile gases will be generated from hot-mix plant operations. Although the impact is very localized, the effect shall be felt in the downwind direction. 6.4. IMPACTS ON NOISE QUALITY Traffic levels in the proposed bypass are not high to cause noise pollution in residential areas. However, at a scnool at Km. 0.407, day time noise level will be in the range of 68 dB(A). which is higher for sensitive landuses. Due to various construction activities, there will be temporary noise impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor. Operation of Crushing plants, asphalt plants, movement of heavy vehicles, loading, transportation and unloading of construction materials and blasting operations produce significant noise during construction stage. 6.5. LOSS OF FLORA / BIO-DIVERSITY Construction of the Aizawl By-Pass shall involve substantial hill cutting and removal of topsoil. This activity will cause following major impacts on the surroundings: • Loss of vegetation cover having shrubs, grasses and other plants; * Felling of about 900 trees (considering the corridor of impact as 15m); * Reduction in soil fertility: and * Dust accumulation on vegetation. During the bio-diversity assessment survey, species of herb and shrubs, trees and ethno- medicinal plants have been spotted (Refer Annexure 3.2-3.4). However this project corridor is not rich in biodiversity and the forest is of secondary type. No animals have been sited along the project alignment. Only one rare and endangered species of tree fern Cyathea spp. has been identified at Km. 2.850. However this will not be threatened due to construction of Aizawl Bypass since it is abundant (an abundance co-efficient of 4 is estimated during field surveys) in Mizoram. 6.6. SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACTS Land Acquisition Requirement: For Aizawl Bypass, 18.15 Ha of land is to be acquired. The maximum proportion of land to be acquired is agricultural followed by departmental and residential. Table 6.1 shows the village wise requirement of Residential, Agricultural and govt. land for the proposed construction. The acquisition of land would result in several types of impacts. Each of these impacts has been described in the following sections. ._ icinl Docjrnenr oQv C~ & CES :.se!crc jocc!ec 64. MiZorom State Roods Project Phose-ll *IA & E,SP for A ,:owl Byposs. June 2003 Table 6-1: Land Requirement (Area in Sq. Mts) Name of Village Residential Agricultural Organisation/ Departmental ______Association ______Zemabawk 13484.08 11260 0 800 I.T.I 6287.38 15995 0 16000 Salem 30890.69 9316.70 0 0 Venghnuai 0 4747.50 0 0 Kulikawn 8556.96 24830 0 0 Saikhamakawn 0 12200 0 0 Melthum 4340 22715 0 0 Total land acquisition (Sq. m.) 63559.11 101064.20 0 16800 The total number of project-affected persons along the Aizawl Bypass is 650. The maximum number of PAHs and PAPs are in the residential category. The PDHs and the PDPs are highest in the agricultural category. Along the Aizawl Bypass, the maximum impact is in Salem Village, with 91 Project affected households and 209 Project affected persons. (For village wise details, refer Annexure 6.4 of combined R & IPDP report for P1 B and Aizawl bypass) Table 6-2: Impact on People Impact category Residential Commercial Agricultural Total PAHs 172 0 84 256 PAPs 326 0 224 650 PDHs 9 0 60 69 PDPs 18 j 0 398 416 (a) Households Losing Structure: No structures are impacted in the Aizawl Bypass. (b) Households Losing Livelihood Loss of Livelihood for the agricultural properties has been calculated on the basisaof percentage loss of agricultural land. Land loss of more than 25% of the total holding has been calculated as the loss of livelihood. for the household. The total number of persons losing livelihood are 398, all belonging to the agricultural category 6 . (c ) Women Headed Households The entire impacted population belongs is tribal and hence all are considered 2 vulnerable . However, amongst this category, the women headed households are more vulnerable. A total of 69 WHH are impacted due to the project. And 3 WHH are The total number of loss of livelihood under the agricultural category is to be verified by the NGOs as during the survey many agricultural landowners could not be contacted because of their being "Absentee Landlords". Since the entire population impacted is vulnerable, an R&IPDP has been prepared. edncocu'rcrntby!cr C. 6-5 6-5~~~~~ -e -0-'d c,-c LpO.cted_g* 5 Mizorom Store Roods Project Phose-ll EIA & EMP for AiZOwi Bypass, June 2003 displaced due to the project. The highest number of Project Affected WHH is in Salem along Aizawl Bypass (refer Annexure 6.7 of Combined RAP and IPDP report for the PI B and the Aizawl bypass) Table 6-3: Women Headed Households Impact category Residential Commercial Agricultural Total PAHs 48 0 21 69 PDHs 3 0 0 3 6.7. IMPACTS ON CULTURAL PROPERTIES The only important cultural property along the entire bypass is the Thing lu Bul tree located close to culvert 13/4. This tree appears to be very old and appears like an old guard for the communities close to it. The most risky stage is the construction stage when heavy machines are to move close to the location. Since alignment change in that particular stretch, the safety during construction guidelines need to be strongly enforced in the vicinity of the tree. During the operation stage, the provision of a tree guard should be sufficient. Since the local people know of its importance, they are likely to be more cautious when they approach this particular location. ` -inr:I C-aCcc.r-'.d sv iCTe 6-6 4 tThi\Th M]b 4 / I\ ) \ f I 2 TunsUJ I ) 11 jJ |k /(>nlk.) / j8r7. 7Envi enam Mitigation Measures )\)and Management Plan 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES AND MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1. COMPONENTS To mitigate the impacts on the significant Environmental and social components, an Environmental Management Plan shall be implemented during the pre-construction construction and operation stages of the Project. The components of Environmental Management Plan essentially consist of • The mitigation and management measures to be followed during the design. construction and operation stages of the project. a An Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan to be followed during the construction and the operation stages, for checking the compliance of the mitigation measures and for assessing the levels of various pollution parameters vis-d- vis National Standards. a Bills of Quantity and Specifications for execution of Works identified for mitigation and/or enhancements. The Environment Management Budget a The mitigation measures have been built on various feasible options to offset the Environmental impacts likely to result from the various project activities at various stages of the project. The mitigation measures adopted for. each of the Environmental impacts as ascertained in chopter 6 hiave been discussed in the following sections. 7.2. MITIGATION MEASURES: 7.2.1. Slope Stabilization Mitigation for slope destabilization and soil erosion: Various techniques as provision of retaining walls and breast walls are evaluated for slope stabilization, control of soils erosion, safe disposal of debris etc. In case of slope protection techniques without the structural engineering techniques, bioengineering measures are proposed. Such measures include transplantation / inoculation of soil-binding plant species on the exposed surfaces as well as on the valley slope to further strengthen the soil binding. Various slope stabilization techniques are presented in Annexure 7.1. 7.2.2. Soil Erosion The mitigation measures for stabilizing slopes will also ensure reduction in soil erosion. The other general measures to prevent soil erosion are: 1. Preservation of top soil: The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be covered by embankment foundation shall be stripped to specified depths not greater than 150 mm and stored in stockpiles of height not greater than 2m. This Cr gino! Document by /CT & CES 7-1 ?evied cnd Updoted by LAS' 9 4 MiZorom Stote Roads Project Phose-l1 EIA & EMP fOr Aizoawl yposs. June 2003 soil is to be utilized for covering embankment slopes, cut slopes and other disturbed oreos where re-vegetation is desired. To ensure this, the slopes shall be roughened and moistened prior to application of topsoil to provide satisfactory bond. The topsoil, removed and conserved shall then be spread over the fill slopes to facilitate the growth of vegetation. 2. Filling of the depressions resulting from clearing and grubbing: To prevent soil erosion, the precautions required to be taken during clearing and grubbing operation: :-oclude o All excavations below the ground level arising out of removal of trees, stumps etc. shall be filled with suitable material and compacted thoroughly so as to make the surface at these points conform to the surrounding area. O Trunks, branches and stumps of trees shall be cleaned of limbs and roots and shall be stacked at specified spots and upto a lead of I OOOm. O The contractor rate for clearing and grubbing operations shall include excavation and backfilling to required compaction, handling, salvaging and disposing of cleared and unserviceable materials. o Where erosion/sedimentation is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing operations should be so scheduled and performed that grading operations and permanent erosion/sedimentation control features can follow immediately. If the conditions do not permit temporary erosion / sedimentation control measures (construction of temporary berms, dikes, sediment basins, slope droins and use of temporary -mulches, fabric mats, seeding etc) may be required between successive construction stages. 3. Disposal of excavated construction material: The bypass alignment nearly follows an existing road for almost 2.9 kms with a few changes in the alignment where excavation of roadway and/or shoulders, drains etc. may be required. All such excavated material which is serviceable, is proposed to be used for o Filling up of the roadway embankment. o Landscaping of road. Unsuitable and surplus material not intended for use shall be transported and disposed off as directed by the Engineer. Precautions to be taken while disposal of debris are discussed in the sections that follow. The rejected construction wastes can be utilized for quarry / borrow pits rehabilitation as discussed below: 4. Rehabilitation of quarry/borrow pits: These quarry and borrow areas, if exhausted within the project implementation period and the new quarry area/borrow pits if used by the contractor, will be rehabilitated as follows: o Quarries and borrow pits will be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation Oriainal Documenrt by ICr & CES 7.2 Re.ited and UpCoted by LA SA El NMizorcm Stcte Ro0as Project Phcse-11 EIA a EMP for Aizcmvi Bypcss June 2002 slopes will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original ground surface. o To create a safe environment under the terms of The Mines and Quarries Act the faces have to be reduced to a naturally stable slope or be adequately fenced to prevent access to the top and bottom of the faces. Such a fence must be of a height as prescribed under The Mines Act with a barbed wire top strand designed to exclude the public from the quarry area. o Appropriate plant species for the planting progrc-nme have to be selected irn consultation with ecological consultant and local forest department. Depending on the availability of appropriate saplings, harsh growing conditions (lack of irrigation and hot summer) the planting programme for quarry rehabilitation operations may have to be continued for over 3-5 years. As plantings are progressively established they should be monitored before undertaking the next stage to ensure maximum plant survival rates. o The quarry or borrow pit immediate surroundings should be developed as a low maintenance reserve, with significant areas of native trees and shrubs and areas of longer grass and tussocks forming the open spaces. Walkways around the borrow site must be constructed. 5. Measures for the safe disposal of debris: A part of the huge quantity of debris that will be generated during cutting of hill slopes will be utilized for bypass construction and excess of it will be disposed at designated locations selected as disposal sites. Potential sites for disposal have been identified away from the habitation and hence impact of dust on humans due to disposal of debris is not anticipated. The details of these disposal sites are presented in Table 7.1. Table 7-1 Identified sites for disposal of excess cut material 3 Chainage Direction Capacity (m ) Chainage Direction Capacity (m3) 1.175 West 5535 7.150 West 612 2.200 East 195975 7.800 West 12610 2.325 East 3170 8.025 West 12610 6.950 West 2480 9 .300 west 4400 7.000 West 366 10.800 West 1560 Locations at chainages 1.1 75 km and 2.325 km were selected as a consequence of the changes in the alignment of the existing road (the bypass alignment runs along an existing road at these locations), and have a capacity of as much as 8705 m3. The site plan for disposal along these locations is given in Figures 7.1(a)- 7.1(g). The precautions and preventive measures that are proposed to be taken for safe disposal are as follows: .-rciCincl DoC Jmen, o' iC -- 7.3 -- nci )CC,-Co'5 LA.'->1 4 Mizoram State Roods Project i- sce-il EIA &EMP for Aizc::.! 2yposs. June 2C03 1. In order that the excavated rock / soil does not spread all over on the valley side, toe walls of the following design will be provided at disposal site depending on the amount of dumped material: o Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m O Bamboo / Gabion Wire Crates / Bamboo Crib Walls for Heights <=2.0 m o Gabions for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m 2. Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 2.0 m < = 5.0 m 3. 2 -iing cutting of hills and disposal of debris, warning signs will be installed to the satisfaction of PWD / Engineer-in-Charge of works. 4. The contractor will at all times ensure that the entire existing stream courses and drains within and adjacent to the site are kept safe and free from any debris. In case, additional/ alternative sites are selected for the disposal of material, guidelines as described below shall be followed for such selection: o Residential areas shall not be located downwind side of these locations o Biodiversity assessment of the location is to be carried out for identified locations. Biodiversity expert hired for the purpose by the contractor will conduct the assessment. O The disposal sites shall not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc. O In the event of any spoil or debris from the sites being deposited on any adjacent land, the contractor will immediately remove all such spoil debris and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of the PWD / Engineer-in-Charge of works. o While disposing debris / waste material the contractor shall take into account the wind direction and location of settlements to ensure that any dust problems are avoided. o Public perception about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location a Permission from the village Council President is to be obtained for the disposal site selected. Oigino! DoCuument cy, &CCES 7-4 .e'.:sec ond Updc-ed t, L- Station I AREA = 615 sq.m Max Hgt = 9m Vol = 5,535 cu.m .P.-b VXALLE X / lE V 0 ~c '' s~~ station *2 00O \ AREA = 13,065 sq.m Max Hgt = l5m 0 dii' / i ///% Vol = 195,975 cu.m z HILL ~~~~~~~~~~~~~St.ation:3 HIL AREA =317 sq.m Max Hgt = 1Om Vol = 3,170 cu.m rT-.k LEGEND Pd. Wdl B~ N.I T_*, UNHER GROUNDUTIUlES Ed.Etj LEGEND E e.c.phe. P aod. H PP d Pawo.nt Bd d TGr ErMte Un. (r .l.....-..... Ho y -.- Rowd.-' R-d :-= CPS Lomp Poot So,oy C Rwd Uor7t r Tro.1s ___S7-oro, Td phon. Ungs PIPropdUno - -LI,'(L)o mc _R- =_ RUod/Vo.. d Trn.porory1 Eloch Moyl. ROWPMtcr, UMonho JloeP Bo= Chnh 0oi./Woe T~ - B-h. & TWA .Tm§ PoPad e Flog Brdl.o T4oldlpoo Cod -- Boood n gng Wdt. FIP Un. Ultty Bolig---/MR/ClOt--. o Heytoot., Stone Tr. - T4T.T2*_ GMdge/Cuhvat OFC Un. - Ne/Wridon.d GOVLRNI4 GOVERNMENTOFOFWZORM17 WZORAM 120 D 20so20ALE1 : 41000 | F%. 7.17.0 (b)(RAWIC Site Pian A-1l,6.ooSCL PUBUC pRI - 96Byp-.Foo 2 NUROWE WORKS DEPARTUEENT ______for D=pimphg jL1~~~s~ I beI~onO SSosd y IOloko by IDOrod r Station 4 AREA = 310 sq.m Max Hgt 8m Vol 2,480 cu.m UNDERGROUND UnlJIE Existin Pmmo LEGEND Bodnic Paoi. O won * 3a h'ob Tmplb ElBtic Un. (T) Tohophor Righlt-of-foy -d - Sd Rso - P%d Poie 0 HondPomp e Qod Piibr IUoqu. Elwbe Un -. Go. PipeUn. oi Poo Side Rood- Unpuvod i PS IW LX p Post Sa o RoodTcp dg 40o95 no . i Churc T-ScGog Cag. Hhcn. _-Kuchc/HLt C.ntrol Point A OFCP1M" 0 Moniopol Top * P p- .. Rood/Fo-,no - : _ roll Dr ts Boi TolophofloCotr awnd./F.nd- doCisr ,dt KITwSr St.r- Tii,m TWT5 @0 t i Pg o i i _tdgo/Cot PU?-dll.C St1b T1 T4,T2.T2. .S Ao_s - N.sid-nid SCALE1 1000 Ais Bp COVERNMENT PAtLtd. RR.dNoiNMBE OF MIZORAM g 7.1.(c) Site Plan for Nowi DYSm,Oattm2DAVK onLffOd.9-4D PUBUC WOPES DEPARTMENT 20 0 20 40 NowCoDu-pi"o I¶tA ii NMB MEN::= d______L______F_ - hs-r)m -g X ,qGv ~~~~~~Station :5 <\0 AREA = 61 sq.m > \/ Hgt = 6m ~~~Max / \e Vol = 366 cu.m ° Station 6 AREA = 68 sq.m Max Hgt 9m 7-Vol =612 cu-m/ Station 7 AREA = 970 sq.m Max Hgt = 13m Vol = 12,610 cu.m UNDER CROUND LEGEND EI ddcPoao well unUnEs E.Iting Poon.t EbHorB H Trnpb* ic Lbo GPS 0 ~~~~~TdophonPole O H a (IHT) ------Rdht OpS * Lamp Podt r vl PurpeCalrdPJhr. EWt H,uEtcUr (LT) - -Way Sid. Raod- P.d * SdY Roo ldn .0,075 Tr.a.fo,mr Gurudcl.= TWWapUon. G*__as Pipe U.. H auzpofSdRa - C.n i PaWt b OFC Lb. Hooso-Kuohe/Hoto Sid: F======PtiO r ;a Idobolpl Top a Junetbne . I Propo.d Rood/Fm.stio Churh g n,TO Una =---=e- T rnpme t-. r TaEbne TOlT §0 Sig. Paat U_, /Fdog n 9Bund,r OFC Uno Hecton t rSten- Tro - T4.T3.T2 e. Ct Wdng/Cuhtort - No/*idnad' GOVERNNAENTOF hIZORALb 20 0 SCSCA L20 1 O1000 Fig. 7.1 (d) Site Plan | 40 60 fo umig tt Conaxobonypo oon PUBUC a uw_ .. WORKS DEPARTMENT ____N____for_Dumping__P_____ - 22 ______DRAWING NtUBER ZEMABAWK Station :8 AREA = 1550 sq.m Max Hgt =9m Vol =13,950 cu.m LEGEND EIbctb Pob. W. 0 Boo Hcb. TopJ Elotr UnT-- UNDER GROUNDUfl--l------ES.dng PaTI.Z4t T hplono Pde Hood OP.no p e Gu Pr d IOW Uno (Lt3 -. Coo Pip. ULn -- H Hd Rood - Unpo.d Pldn - ° Rood dontr Trt hTihg Tnd r UUn. - - - - S___g_ Un. H_. _dU/Hout. P.-ood Rod/VForrnn_ ConfrolPS Pold t FGP 0 Muno*pol Top * eJ_ntoBoo II aOOih__ T-p,ypoo B-nh Modk A ROWPM.lr Monho. * gpo.t r WtSoPip.TU. . -UftyWdr S.ldgo/ColotM EMltng KDo,ndw Ston Tro - TB.T5 ea Sgn Poet aOFC Hoctor Son. Troo - T4.T3.T2 ee OW Un.-cl.~-Nw~1.. _ Rid o | DRA1IGRONII-ZR SCALERI1 1000 D R nin|. Fn Tent Po.t PUBvC WNMN1 D0PARThORA 2 o 20 40 50 for Dumping Punu wajis D ______(- -I[[)____ \ > Station :9 _ AREA = 550 sq.m Max Hgt = 8m Vol 4,400 cu.m LEGEND UNDO CROWID UnUM EW.U" P-nent~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E 6 w t ft P . & . w ellBo o .I e r - i . 0 -t d . U n ( Kr ) ------F t$ g ht f - ft S ;d R W P a- V\ 0 0 4v 0~~~ Staffon 10 AREA = 130 sq.mr'O Max Hgt = 12m Vol = 1.560 cu.m 0 b a a U2ND0 CROUNDUfrMmES LEGEND ~~EbedHcMde o Well Explng Prrl Td phcn Pde. B- Eor Hd Tmpl. / EleecirLine (MI) ------o Mend Pump e UG PMr.d, I ___ ght--Ohy -Sid: GPS Lcmp Pot uo.qw E acri Une (LT) - Cc Gs Pip Ulne RRwd P-Pd ~ ~~~i c Surw Rw Ucrings 4o.975 Tvesnctr. Hre Pcuca SleRd LI Gu.dwaro T. pho n Llnc ------Unp.,vd =-=::::: r egLine Mo uKucha/Hub TpryBmchMrk Raw PHI.r * Pnpod Romd/F.-ti-c _~ Beg TPeetJnUnr DnnWctr KU-OStm Trc- Te.T5 @ Sign ac Eo3w.Llhn. U cbutt -- Eumdg Post Brldg./Cuht E.Ung H*t&St- TMX T*.T3.T2 o, OFCCU.. o um rlfdg./C~Fr N.w/Wid .d PUWRS U DI{PART | 20 0 20 40 60 |for Du()ot ping rNnr Consodan| SPiU, Rbn - |D MizOrorn Store Roods Project Phose-li EIA &EMP for AizCwi Byposs. June 29-93 7.2.3. Water Resources To maintain the water quality of the rivers and ponds falling along the project corridor, following precautionary measures have been proposed I. Construction work near the water bodies shall be preferably carried out in dry season to ensure that flow of water is not blocked and if under certain circumstances, it hos to be blocked, contractor must ensure that the local communities are informed about the same ir, uuvance. 2. To ensure efficient flow of surface water and to prevent water logging, suitable locations and design for bridges and culverts are worked out. The existing culverts ond other drainage structures will be replaced or reconstructed as appropriate. 3. Construction work should be avoided during the monsoon season to avoid the construction wastes to be carried to various water bodies. Bridge construction should be taken up during the lean flow period. 4. Fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area shall be stationed atleast 300m away from the nearest water body. 5. Wastes arising due to the project activities shall be disposed off at approved disposal sites (by adopting the precautionary measures as mentioned above). The disposal sites should be sufficiently far from ponds at chainages 2.475 km, 2.565 km. 4.083 km. 8.540 km and the rivers Chite Lui and Lawibual intersecting the alignment at chainage 2.590 ond 3.885 km respectively, to avoid the contamination of these water bodies. 6. Silt fencing shall be provided around the stored construction materials to prevent sediments of extremely small size to enter the watercourses. Silt fencing shall consist of geo- textile supported by wire-mesh mounted on a panel made up of angle frame. The typical design of silt fencing is shown in Figure 7.2. 7. Discharge of oil and grease is most likely from construction vehicle parking area, vehicle repair area and workshops. An oil interceptor shall be provided at these washdown and refueling areas to ensure that all wastewater flows into the interceptor prior to its discharge. The device has a chamber for separation of oil and water and can handle 200 L/hr. of wastewater (refer Figure 7.3 for the design of the oil interceptor). The oil float appearing on the surface is removed by periodic cleaning once a week by skimming the oil films from the surface. 8. Construction camps shall be located such that the drainage from and through the ccmps will not contaminate any water resource. At these construction camps. methods of sanitation and housekeeping shall be followed as per Annexure 7.2. The sewage system for the camp must be designed, built and operated so that no pollution to any watercourse takes place. 9. To ovoid loss of water source at Km 2.2, provision of a new water collection point is to be made to replace the existing water tank. A water storage tank with a RCC pipe GrigiolQOCcun-r,- SV CI &c-S 7-12 ' 7_A ire: 85ed Crn;: i_;_ -:c:c cy !'.- mizorom Stcre .oods Project Phase-ui EIA & EmP for AiZoWM Byposs. June 2003 of 0.3 m diameter (conforming to IS: 458) connecting the water source at Km 2.2 shall be constructed. The proposed design of the water tank ispresented in Figure 7.4. 5UICPRT',4 E 3- ' 'LE FI-E G.L. T Ij ~~ ~~'I . i ELEVATION SECTION A-A GEOTEXTII E FIXED TO L AND T SECTIONS WITH BINDING .WERE AN? 14~~.07OP SIKLrS i Xs:Pt -S PEOMIED - I . * ASGLEt25MM I 2SMM.' 3 /, , U ECOC 8 -' . _ _ ix PLAN DETAIL AT A Figure 7.2: Silt Fencing 10. To ensure compliance of above mentioned measures to mitigate the impacts on water quality, monitoring of water quality. has been recommended at locations specified in the monitoring plan for pH, turbidity, chlorides, hardness. oil and grease, TSS, TDS, Total Coliform, Iron, Flourides and Nitrates as per the direction of Environmental specialist / Engineer. 7.2.4. Air Quality To control air pollution during construction stage, regular maintenance of all vehicles, equipment and machinery is required to ensure that the pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of the MPCB. The emissions from hot- mix plants and batching plants should comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation and they should be installed at location sufficiently away from inhabited areas. Generation of dust due to debris disposal can be minimized through judicious selection of disposal sites. Potential sites for disposal have been identified away from the habitation and hence impact of dust on humans due to disposal of debris is not anticipated. Precautions that shall be taken to avoid impacts on air quality due to the project activities resulting in the generation of dust and polluting gases like SO.. NO. and HC are: . r-l Dccumen: t' ICT _ 7-13 _.' . .-,-_flr,.r. cre ~-'- I Mizorwn State Roods Project Phose-11 . ,'IA & EMPfor AizOwI ByPOSS, June 200.3 * Crushers, batching plants and asphalt plants shall be located at a distance of i km away in the downwind direction from the nearest human settlement. * Provision of wind breaking wall, bamboo screens around the sources of dust such as vibrating screens, conveyors. etc. shall be made. * Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like crusher dust and soil/spoils shall be covered to reduce spills on existing roads. * Water will be sprayed on earthworks. temporary haulage and detour roads on a regular basis. During and after compaction of the sub-grade, water will bc -prayed at regular intervals to prevent dust generation. * The hot mix plant will be fitted with dust extraction units. Cyclone/scrubber to control emissions from the stock of hot mix plants shall be provided in the event of emissions exceeding the MPCB norms. In addition to the above avoidance measures, trees/vegetation shall be planted in the excess space available in the proposed right of way to (albeit partly) settle excess dust generated. * Air quality shall be regularly monitored for S02, N02 and SPM during the construction period, at the construction sites and near hot mix plant locations as per the direction of the Environmental specialist. 7.2.5. Noise Quality Measures that will be followed to avoid noise pollution from the project activities are: • At construction sites within 150 m of human settlements. noisy construction shall be stopped in the night time i.e. between 10.00 PM and 6.00 AM. • Workers while working on the construction machinery / equipments generating high noise levels must wear earplugs. * Hot mix plant, batching or aggregate plants shall not be located within 500 m of sensitive land use as schools, religious places, hospitals etc. Thus the locations near' temple at chainage 0.005 km and the two schools at chainages 0.407 and 0.800 shall be avoided for the setting up of these plants. * Feasibility of providing various noise protection measures at sensitive locations viz. noise barriers in the form of masonry walls, bamboo protection and double-glazing have been evaluated (refer chapter 4 for details). Accordingly, construction of 3m high masonary wall is proposed at Pushpak Primary School at Km 0.407. Monitoring of noise levels at equipment yards and settlements using hand held noise meters has been proposed during the construction stage and shall be carried out as per the directions of Environmental Engineer/ Specialist. c,flc!J'CCylme- tv,Cr0/c_ S 7-15 > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~&- ,oc..... _,.. ,. P.C.C. (m20) FINISHEDWONTIC MS FLOATINGCOAT OF NEAT EMENT67 5 10 SLURY SLOPE1:40 DDRAIN P.C.C. (M20) 100 INLETPIPE 100MM. - ~~~~~~~~250DMM IHICK BRI"C// RAMMEDBRICKBA 2 WALLIN FIRSTCLASS < MOBrrOR / _ R' F30075 75MM THICK P.C.C. (M20) BED SECTION A-A 50 100 50 50 50 AS PER REQUIREMENT RAMMEDEARTH - o _ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~SECTION -El-B SLOPE1:40 DRAINWITh A SLOPEOF 1:40- O - 1 SLOPE 1:40 BRICK WALL_I . n .8, L MS 1j 1375 IR.(AD SIDE DITtHO Z - KEY PLAN PLAN OF-17 OIL INTERCEPTOR I I I I ~~~~~~~~~I SCALE 500MM 2WUMU0MU 500MM 1000UU NOTES NOTES: ~~~~~~~DRAWN ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DRAWN:HROSHIKESHHRUSHIKESH MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT- PHASE 11 I 11 FOLLOWWRIITEN DIMENSIONSONLY CHECKED. H1RUSHIKESH 2) ALL DIMENSIONSIN MM UNLESSOTHERWISE STATED SFIG 7.3. DESGNINTERCEPTOR AND LOCATION OF OIL 3) SITESPECIFIC CHANGES IFANY, TO BE MADEONLY ON APPROVALOF SCALE 1:-0 DESIGNED- HRUSHIKESH Lea Associaltes Soutih Asia Pvt. Ltd. THE ENGINEER APPROVED DIPALI <-/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,0 / / ddutltp/b50r RCCmdia of 300m0m Retaining wall MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - FIG 7.4 WATER POINT IN Ch. 2.200 AT AIZAWL BYPASS PHASEI11 LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. M izororl. Store .oods Project Phose-ll EIA &E,uP 'or AiZcwIl Byposs. June 2003 7.2.6. Ecological Environment Measures to mitigate ecological impacts include (a) Planting of 9000 saplings, to compensate the estimated loss of 900 trees. This will involve taking the services of the NGO to carry out the assignment under the following heads: o Identification of the plantation stretches alona with PIU. o Preparation of nurseries o Planting of saplings o Maintenance of the plantation for 3 years. While plantation is a one-time cost, there is a provision to provide financial incentive to the local NGOs for maintenance. Guidelines given below are to be followed while carrying out the plantation: 1. Plantation should be avoided in stretches within the settlement area and the Ecological Sensitive area. 2. Adequate consultation with the village council should be made in identifying the stretches for plantation and species. 3. Finalization and preparation of nurseries should be carried out 12 months in advance of the anticipated completion of construction stretches as per construction schedule. 4. Indigenous species should be used as far as practicable, strictly avoiding any exotic species. 5. Preparation of plantation site including the pits should follow the specification laid down by the -horticulture department. The specifications for plantation referred in Annexure 7.3 can be used as a guideline. 6. Maintenance of the planted saplings is also to be carried out by the CBO/NGO. To protect the trees and shrubs' species during and after construction, bamboo fencing or barbed wire fencing shall be provided as per Figure 7.5. (b) To protect the endangered Cyathea species, during construction, bamboo fencing along the Col is to be provided. Further, provision has been made in the contract to preserve any endangered plant species found during the construction period, as per the directions of the Environmental specialist. The contract quantities include monitoring of plant species for bio-diversity and mitigation designs to be carried out during construction as per the direction of Environmental Engineer. C'iCnciioccurnen;: !07 C-.g 717, 'e. .ec' < fi¢c. - --ltc^ret 17= Q 39 18S LOML-. §'rrauc''ng(rd gng I Bamboo Poles of 75-1001 0 20 1/c LAN 75-1000 Bamboo Bracing (diogonal) PLAN ELEVATION (For Small Trees and Shrubs) 125-1500 Bamboo Columns 0 300 c/c IN CASEOF PROTECTION FOR THE TREESTHE MESHPADS CANBE rz ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AVOIODEAND ALSO BAMBOO FENCEWITH CROSS BRACINGS. ELEVATION (Only for Sturdy Trees) G.1 Barbed Wire G.l Barbed Wire OOOmff- to bae°fx ad whith°borbad wpire in a[ ponels TE REtGRTFOR TME FENCE CAN BE REDUCeRFOR PROTECTIONOF SRLL TREES -ISA 55x55x8 (typ.) .C.cC.(M- 15)Bose 900x200x200 ELEVATION (For Shrubs Requiring Shade) MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT - PHASE 11 Figure 7.5 Proposed Bamboo and Barbed Wire Fences LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. L~ Mizorarm Store Roads Project Phose-ti - . .. 0EIA & EAAF for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003 7.3. CLEARANCES REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN BY THE CONTRACTOR Apart from the clearances that the project obtained (refer Chapter 2 for details). the contractor shall obtain required clearances and NOC before start of Construction as per Table 7.2. Apart from these, the clearances for the following have to be obtained from the Engineer: * Clearance of Engineer for location and layout of Worker's Camp, Equipment yard and Storage yard. * Clearance of Engineer for Traffic Management Plan for each section of the route after it has been handed over for construction. * In addition, the Contractor will submit an assurance to comply with the EMP provisions to the Engineer. * An Emergency Action Plan should be prepared by the contractor and approved by the Engineer for accidents involving Fuel & Lubricants before the construction starts. The contractor should maintain a Material Safety Data Sheet record of the Fuel and other inflammable chemicals. Table 7-2 Clearances to be obtained by the Contractor SI.No. Activity for which Statutory Authority Statute under which clearance is clearances required required consent for operation of Mizoram State Pollution Air (Prevention &Control of Pollution) Act, Hot mix plants, Crushers Control Board 1981 and batching plants 2 PUC certification for Motor Vehicles Motor Vehicles Act, 1989. vehicles used in the Department project 3 Storage and Mizoram State Pollution Hazardous Waste (Management and transportation of Control Board Handling) Rules, 1989,Manufacture, hazardous materials and Storage and Import of Hazardous explosives Chemicals Rules, 1989 Indian Explosives Act, 1884 unless exempted under sec. 14 4 Disposal of bituminous Mizoram State Pollution Hazardous Woste IManagement and wastes Control Board Handling) Rules, 1989 5 Quarrying and borrowing Dept. of Forests and operations Dept. of Geology and Mines, Govt. of Mizorom 7.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANGEMENT PLAN The Environmental Management Plan incorporates the mitigation measures to be adopted during various activities at various stages of the project including the clearances required and responsibilities for the implementation and supervision of these measures. The Environmental Management Plan for the Aizawl bypass is presented in Table 7.3. 7-19 Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 ...... EIA & EMP forAizowl Bypass, June 2003 Table 7-3 Environmental Management Plan Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location |.Responsibility Impact I IImplementation Supervision Pre-Construction Sta e P. 1. I o The affected properties shall be relocated with prior Corridor of Impact VC and District ACCuisition oa approval of the village and as per the provisions R&IPDP (Col) Vend Disirit MPWD >noLerlies prescribed under R&IPDP prior to start of construction ______revenue f'.1.2 o Trees telled shall be compensated at 10 for each tree Phub at ree tetted. Engineer, g of tetc. a The saplings thus planted shall be maintained tor three Corridor of Impact Contractor MPwD Contractor Mobilization and Site Clearance o Bamboo fencing as per Drawing 7.5 to be provided along ihe Col (valley side) at the biodiversity rich M. 1.2 areas to prevent debris getting rolled down At location as Engineer, Protection of Bio- o At locations of endangered species like Cyathea spp., identified near km. Contractor MPWD Diversity rich areas a perimeter drain shall be laid along the road length 2.850 (to prevent road runoff) and bamboo fencing along the Col as above shall be taken up M. 1.3 o Construciion camp lo be 500m away from habitations MoRTH: 111.14 Location of Engineer Construciion camp a All sanitation and drinking water facilities shall be as And Construction / Labour Contractor Egne Constructioncamp_ per Annexure 7.2 MoRTH: I I I. I Camp MPwD o Disposal sites shall be finalized based on the guidelines given. o Engineer shall certity that these are not located within designated forest areas and confirm that: M. 1.4 o The debris disposal does not impact natural Identitifcation at drainage courses Thogotthe CofatfEngineer, Idetisposal sit of o No endangered / rare fiora is impacted by the corridor MPWD disposalsites ~disposal a The site plan for the potential disposal sites identified during the EIA as presented in Figure. 7.1(a)-7.1(g) should be referred and the sites assessed for teasibility of using them as dumping grounds M. i .5 o The contractor shatl identify locations sensitive to Ideinitiication at landslides and shall duly report these to the supervision MoRTH: 306.3 corriorgoth Contractor Engieer lcrndslide locations Consultant (SC) and to MPWD. I corridor MPWD Original Document by ICT &CES 7-20 Revised and Updated by LASA 7-20 Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA & EMP forAizowl Bypass. June 2003 Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Responsi ility Impact Implementation Supervision M 1.6 Quarry o Mate(iols are to be obtained from licensed quarries. Operations o Quality and legality to be examined by the Contractor Refer Table 3.1 for the Engineer. o Copies of environmental clearances to be submitted . . identified quarries. MPWD to the engineer. M. 1.7 0 ~Hotmix plants and batching plants shalt be located All Hotmix Plants Engineer. Settinig up of Hotmix i000m away tfom the neOiest habitation. MoRTH: 111.5 Batching Plants Contractor MPWD Construction Stage C. 1. o Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the Clearance of permanent works are to be removed with prior Entire Project Site. Contractor Engineer. vegetation approval tram the Engineer. MPWD o Damage from works on flora is to be minimum C. 1.2 o Slope stabilization to be taken up as per design MoRTH: 1400, 305, Design Drawings Destabilization of drawings. To further strengthen slopes. Bio-engineering 2706. 2504, 307 Contractor Engineer Slopes techniques as per Annexure 7.1 con be adopted o Serviceable moferial shall be used for filling up of roadway embankment, and landscaping of the C. 1.3 project corridor. Sites as given in or as Disposol of o Unsuitable/surplus material shall be disposed off as MoRTH: 112.6 and identilied by the . Engineer. Construction Waste directed by the Engineer. 112,2 controctor and Controctor, Engineer MPW / Debris / Cut o Toe walls will be provided of disposal site depending . approved by the MPD material on amount of disposal material as per the directions of engineer the Environmental Engineer / Specialist. o Slope of cut & fill to be planted using bio-engineering Near Ponds in km C. 1.4 techniques prescribed by the engineer MOST: 305:2.2.2 2.475km, 2.565km. Engineer. Soil Erosionil o Stone pitching on slopes abutting water bodies to be 4.083km and 8.540km Contractor Soil Erosion' ~taken up MOST: 306.2 408kan850m CotcorMW MPWD o Erosion prevention at culvert outtalls to be taken up ______._. C. 1.5 o Construction vehicles and machinery to be only in Throughout Project t Engineer (- oInpaction ot Soil Col/Houl roods MOST: 112.6 Corridor Cor ractor MPWD ______I o Haul roads to be an non-agricultural areasI 7All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works and maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work. n i9inol Document by ICT & CES 7-21 Revised and Updoted by LASA Mizorom Stote Roads Project Phase-lf EIA & EMP forAizawl Byposs. June 2003 Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Localion Impact Responsi ility Implementation Supervision o Adequate safely precautions shall be ensured during transportation of quarry material from quarries to the C. 1.6. .osrutosieMRH.1. ContracEor Quairry Operations construction Refer Table 3.1 tar the ColotrEngineer. site. MaRH:1 1.3~ identified quarries. o For rehabililation plan tor Quarry / borrow pits, refer CotatrMPWD Section 7.2. o Crusher dust shall be used in the project instead of . 7. sand. Throughout the Conlfactor tJse of Crusher Dust o If crusher Engineer. dust is not adequate and sand is to be project corridor hauled for construction. MPWD C. 1.8. o The oil and grease shall be disposed off into pits filled Fuel storage areas Soil and Waler with the clay-shale dominant debris8 produced by /construction camps, Pollution iof Imlix earth cutting Engineer. and ponds at Contractor plants and o Silt fencing shall MPWD be provided while working close to 2.475km, 2.565km, construction waste ponds 4.083km and 8.540kmn C, 1.9 o Consiruction near water bodies shall be in dry season Refer I oss oo Table 3.2 for Engineer. Water bodies o Cross drainage drainage structures shall be as per MoRTH: 305.4.1. locafions of ponds, Contractor MPWD. design ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~waterfalls,rivers efc o Silt fencing to be provided at all waoerbodies near construclion sites to prevent sediments from the C. 1. 10 conistruction site Sitiitino Waeto The number at units of silt fencing Ponds at 2.475km, Siltation at Water be decided by the engineer. to be installed is to MRH30. 2.565km, 4.083km and CototrEngineer, MoRTH: 306. 8.540km ConMtactor MPWD o Discharge standards promulgated under the EP Act, 1986 for surface water bodies will be strictly adhered to. C.troio 1.I I o Construction of longitudinal and cross drainage shall IAllefatior oft be as per design MoRTH: 305.3.7 & Through out the Engineer, 306 co(rildor Contractor MPWD o Garbage to be disposed off in hygienic manner C. 1. 12 o Disposal of night soil in construction camps will be in MoRTH: 111.14 & Cscn mot Scriaitation and soak pits/sceptic tanks o, Consfruction Camps Contractor MPWD woste Disposal o Regular cleaning of latrines and should be kept dry o Sealing of sceptic tank after completion of works . This material is a good absorbent and can later be removed and disposed in safer places. Original Document by ICT & CES 7-22 Revised and Updated by LASA & Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ll EtA & EMP torAizowl Byposs. June 2003 Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Responsibiity Impact Implementation Supervision C. I. a3 Consftuciion work impacting community users shall be Throughout the Engineer, Disruption to other taken up atter serving notice to community corridor Contractor PMWD users of wafer______o The contractor shall take all desired measures as directed by the Engineer to prevent temporary or permanent tlooding of the site or any adjacent area C.1.t4 during construction as well as during Detects Liability Throughout the Engineer. Flood Control Period. MoRTH-: 305.3.2 corridor Contractor o The scope tor prevention of flooding includes MPWD prevention of loss of use, loss of access of any tand or property thereon resulting from flowing or. stagnant ______water as direct / indirect impact ot construction. o The contractor shall take every precoution to reduce the levels of dust at construction sites to the MoRTH Ill.9. Throughout Project C. 1.15 satisfaction of the Engineer. RIt.5, 111.10 & Corridor, all access Contractor Engineer, Generation of Dust o All earthworks to be protected/covered in a manner 111 1 roads, temporarily aMPWD acceptable to the satisfaction of the engineer and as . acquired sites. ______. per MoRTH. o The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements C. I.16 oa the relevant current emission control legislation. MoRTH: 11 1.5 Ail Hot-mix ond Engineer Emissions from hot- o All operations at plants shall be undertoken in batching plants Contractor MPWD Imlix plants accordance with all current rules and regulations protecting the environment. o The discharge standords promulgated under the EP Act. 1986 shall be strictly adhered to. C. i.17 o All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for Emlission from construction shall be regularly maintained to ensure Project Throughout the Engineer. Construction that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirement Corridor Contractor MPWD Vehicles and requirements of MPCB and the Engineer. Mochinery o PUC certificates shall be obtained regularly for all vehicles used for the project. Copies shall be submitted regularly to the Engineer. Dust Pollution from mus conform to theprescabtted SPM) from crushers MoRTH: I I 1.I crushing Plants Contractor MPWD Original Document by ICT & CES 7-23 Revised and Updated by LASA 30 UI6^Iii Mizoromr Stote Roads Project Phose-ll EIA & EMP ftrAizowl Byposs, June 2003 Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location ResponsiblSity Impact ______Implementation Supervision o Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery 1.19 shall be regular and to the satisfaction of the Engineer Noise from a Exhaust silencers shall be fitted and checked during Throughout the Contracto construction operation. It found defective, these shalt be replaced MoRTH: 111.1 corridor. Contracfor MPWD .quipmenls o Noise limits for construction equipment used in this 111.6. 111.13 Eqiuipments project will not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in fhe Environment IProtection) Rules. 1986 C 1.20 o At critical locations, especially along school at 0.407 School building has Engineer, Noise at school km. noise barrier wall mode of masonry shall be EIA been shown in Figure Contractor, Engineer MPWD constructed. 4.4 ______C.1.21 o All measures as deemed lit by the engineer shall be Piotection at taenu EtA Near Culvert 13/4 Thinglubul free o Details of measures to be taken up is provided in Ihingluul treeAnnexure 7.5 ______o Unless authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor will MoRTH: 302.1 & not use explosives. 302 All C. 1.22 o If explosives are used, the Contractor will comply with Ac'4 Explosives Al Blasting Pre- Contractor Engineer Blostirng Opetations fhe MoRTH Explosives Rules splilting sites. MPWD o Guidelines for use of explosives and blasting can be 1983 referred in Annexure - 7.4. o All reas6nable precaution will be taken to prevent C 1.23 donger of the workers and the public from fire, flood, Riskciusd by drowning. etc. EniePoetSt Risk caused by o All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid Project Site ContractorotatrEngineer, MPWDmEnire Force Mojure treatment of all injuries likely fo be sustained during the course of work. o All relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers C.1.24 (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Engineer. Risk from Operations Act, 1996 will be adhered to. Entire Project site Con' actor MPWD o Personal Protective Equipment for workers shall be I provided and shall conform to respective IS codes. I Ouiginal Document by ICT &CES 7-24 Revised and Updoted by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phase-// EIA & EMP forAizowl Byposs, June 2003 Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Impact Responsibility ______Implementation Supervision o The use of any toxic chemical will be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. o The Engineer will be given at least 6 working day's notice of the proposed use of any chemical. o A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site MoRTH i i I will be kept and maintained up to date by the C, 1.25 Contractor. The register Ris o Haarou physical will include the trade name. properties and characteristics, chemical Entire Project Site. ACtiviat ingredients, health and sofety hazard information, sael ActiviY handling and storage procedures, and emergency Engineer. Contractor MPWD and firsi aid procedures tor the product. MoRTH 111.6 o No man below the age of 14 years and no woman will be employed on the work of pointing with products containing lead in any form. o No point contoining lead or lead products will be used except in the form of paste or readymade point. . O The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to Cl .26 prevent his workmen or any other persons from AciaelyArChrjelogical removing and damaging any article upon discovery. g O Engineer shall be informed and awaited for instruction EfrPojcSie Contractor Engineer, Entire Projecf Site MPWD P roperty during which all work shall be stopped i00 m all directions from the site of discovery O Contractor to prepare site restoration plans for approval by the Engineer. The plan is to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobi- lization. o On completion of the works, all temporary structures C.1.27 will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or Clearing ot other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively Construction Construction camps Contractor Engineer, oa sealed otl and the site lell clean and tidy, at the Ccamnp MPWD & Restoration Contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of fhe Engineer. o Residual topsoil will be distributed on adjoining/proximote barren/rocky areas as identified by the Engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm - 150mm. C 1.28 O Disposal sites have to be rehabilitated as per Dpaiso Rehabilitation of guidelines cr, oa the Engineer. Disposl Sies disposal sites Contrctor Engineer Original Document by ICT & CES 7-25 Revised and Updated by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phase-It ."ofl- .- EIA & EMP forAizawl Bypass. June 2003 Environmental Mitigation Measures Cross Reference Location Responsi ility Impact ______Implementation Supervision C. i.29 o The Contractor shall, at his own expense, conform to Ii. Malaria Risk all anti-malaria instructions given to him by the Entire Project Site. Contractor MPWD Engineer. I Operational Stage o Depending on the level of congestion and iraltic hazards. traffic management plans will be prepared. MPWD, local 0.1l1 o Traffic control measures including speed limits to be Mizoram Highway All along the Project government bodies liatfic and Accident enforced strictly. Acf, 2002 corridor and devernent MPWD Safety o Road control line to be enforced Act 2002 surrounding areas. Authorities o Development authorities will be encouraged to control building development along the highway. o The project will involve NGOs designated by the MPWD for tree plantation and maintenance as per Engineer 0.1.2 the Terms of Reference given. MPWD. Stale Compensatory o Maintenance works include, watering of the saplings, All along the corridor NGOs, VCs forest tree Plantation replacement of the bamboo fence every year for 3 Department years and all necessary measures for survival of the sapling. I Ohiginal Document by ICT & CES 7-26 Revised and Updated by LASA Mizorom S;c!e Rocds Project Phose-1l EIA & EmP fcrAizowl Byposs, June 200.3 7.5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN The monitoring programme is devised to.ensure that the envisaged purpose of the project is achieved and results in the desired benefit to the target population. To ensure the effective implementation of the EMP. it is essential that an effective monitoring programme be designed and carried out. Broad objectives of the monitoring programme are: * To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP * To suggest improvements in the management plans, if required • To satisfy the statutory and community obligations * To provide feedback on adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment The monitoring programme contains monitoring plan for all performance indicators, reporting formats and necessary budgetary provisions. Monitoring plan for performance indicators and reporting system is presented in the following sections. Physical, biological and environmental management components identified as of particular significance in affecting the environment at critical locations have been suggested as Performance Indicators (PIs). The Performance Indicators shall be evaluated under three heads: * Environmental condition indicators to determine efficacy of environmental management measures in control of air, noise, water and soil pollution; * Environmental management indicators to determine compliance with the suggested environmental management measures * Operational performance indicators have also been devised to determine efficacy and utility of the mitigation/enhancement designs proposed The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans prepared for MSRP Phase - 11are worked out. For each of the environmental components, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to be monitored; location of the monitoring sites; frequency and duration of monitoring. The monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards, implementation and. supervising responsibilities. The monitoring plan for the various environmental condition indicators of the project in construction and operation stages is presented in Table 7.4. Coainci Document yv:C-, &CS 7-27 --. ice, ,-rHcrc! UF,^'eciL'p ~ : Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-lf EIA & EMP for AiaZwl Bypass. June 2003 Table 7-4 Environmental Monitoring Plan Ercv. Project Monitoring Institutional Res onsibiilty Component Stage Parameters Special Guidance Standards Location Frequenc Duration Implementation Supervfsion High volume samnpler to be Cnrco located SO m tbom Air (Prevention Hot mix Once in a month Contractor Construction SPM RSPM. S02. the plant in the and Control of Hoftc in during Continuous 24 through Engineer, Stage POx, CO, HC downwind direction. Pollution) ues Ptant/Balching construction workin/ doy approved MPWD Use method CPCB, 1994 period agency specified by CPCB Ail for analysis High volume Sampler to be Srtho h nei ot otnos2 located 40 m trom Air (Prevention Stretch of the Once in a month Continuous 24 Contractor Conslsuction SPM,the RSPM earthworks site and Control of c~~~~~~oadsdurngthors/orduring hours/or for I ro Engineer. Stage orn1opproved MW S P ownwind direction. Pollution) Rutes progress at ihe construction full working monitoring MPWD Use method CPCB. 1994 progessa teperiod day agency specified by CPCB sie for analysis Grob sample End of summer collected trom As in Table 3.2 or betore the onsel Coniractor W flei Quatity ConstructionStage pH,TSS BOD, DO, COD, Oil &PTDS source and analye Water quality other tocofions of monsoon and l-tiougle Methods a ar sndards by identfiied by the ery mon-.: approved MPE D Sfage Grease and Pb Mexmntions fof CPCB supervision we oioigMW Wxaterato and consultant construction is in oec Walerand close to Wastewater ~~~~~~~~progressthe pond aec Grab sample collected trom pH.source and analyze ~~Asin Table 3.2 or End of summer OperationBOD,CO,T,SS souper Stdandardz Waler qualtiy other locations before the onset Opertio asperStadarBO,CO,TD,TSS stadars b idntiied y te o mosoo inMPWD MPWD Stage DO, Pb. Oil and Methods f snrby identifiedoby the 5moso ind Grease Examination of CPCnsuperisint 200511 0 n Waler andcostat 21 Woste w a te r______ )r' sincai Document by ICT &CES 7-28 -i'a~ajnd Updated by LASA Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-ti EiA & EMP for Aizawi Bypass, June 2003 En v . PProjectr Monitor ng9nstiluffonal Component Stage Res onsibility Parameters Special Guidance Standards Location Frequency Duration Implementation Supervision Flooding locations to be identified and Thrice in Flooding and choked drains, enngso As in Table 3.2 orThien Cleaningoft water bodies under Cleaning shel other locations mronsoon and cleaning/ae going siltation and btohe ideniitied by the post-monsoonMPDPW bodies ~~~subject to debris soifitinoupervision 2005.200 and disposal should be the MPWD consultant 2011 monitored under _____ .______cleaning operations Free field at I m Once every Reading to be Contractor Noise levels on dB trom the equipment Noise Noisleels n h AtA equipment month (max) taken of IS through (A) scale seconds inie' ,al Engineer. whose noise levels standards by yards during are being CPCB fhe tor lS minmles approved MPWD construction every hour and monitoring determined. period ihen overoged agency rinne levels Construclion Equivalent Noise Stoge levels using an Readings to be As dtrected by Once every taken at IS Contractor Noise levels on dB integrated noise Noise the Engineer (At month (max) seconds (A) scale level meter kept at standards through EngineeP. a distance of t5 m CPCB by maiu 4during the intervat tar i5 approved mocations) construction minutes every monitoring MPWD 0rom edge of period hour and then agency Pavement averogedd. Monitoring of: The parameters To the I.Storage Area mentioned are Onceteac and Consifuction ~ ~ ~ ~ ~stisea lion atd As storage area month in theEnierMW 0n su * ctiond ) Construction 2.30 Arrangements the reporting tormat oirstiuction ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~thestandards and 'n;u i olsl,clAnrl e 3. Sanitation in C 1. These cniuto C. ril I;ps are to be campssag ~Construction checked tor given in the scg . ____.__ Camps adequacy. reporting farm. Comparison Corsi licinwt loain sOnce each tm r- At loain smonth lBir Divei sity SiocJe Species diversity Quadrate in the evlu tion atengne Sag method w pre-c selected ealaion project construction eahst of Engineer MPWD ______~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~situationby engineer stalqe each__sile Selection of locations as Once each I time i Io Opeeration Vegetation cover advised by month in the ev timeton I tIrrrr-etirng Stage Isq-m.) of MPWD MPWD Geotechnical construction each site personnel of stage .______En gqin in eeer e r ______En 1. 9iyicit Document by ICT & CES 7-29 i:evised and Updoted by LASA Mvizorom Stcte Roods Project Phose-1 ...... F!A & EMP for AizC,vi Byposs, June 2003 7.6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed in the EMP is detailed in Table 7.5. There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which has been accounted for in the Engineering Cost. Various environmental aspects covered under engineering costs are listed below: * Dust management in the construction sites * Turfing and Pitching of slopes Construction of slope protection works as retaining walls, breast walls toe walls, band drains, gabions. The other Environmental aspects and their cost, separately included in the bill of quantities for the contractor, are as detailed below: Origiinc; Dccumerri r,y ;C s: fS 7 isec- ~ c. -..>-c -ID7*30 ,.^c ab4*4js Mizoram Stoae Roods Project Phase-fl EIA & EMP for AizOwl Byposs, June 2003 Table 7-5 Environmental Management Budget for Aizawl Bypass Component |Stage |Item- I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~UnitCost Unit nit Quantity Total Cost MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT 3m high noise barrier wall at Pushpok school (chainage 0.407 Noise km) using stone Construction Random Rubble Masonry wall in 3 cement m 24 1062 25,488.00 mortar 1:3 complete as per technical specification 1400 ., Soil Construction Turfing/Pitching Covered in Engineering Co ts Operation Redevelopment of borrow areas Compensatory afforestation, in Flora Construction accordance with Forest Conservation No. 300 9000 Act(1980) 2,700,000.00 C(onservation of bio- Construction Mitigation designs for endangered plant m 1500 2 cliversity speces with fencing 3,000.00 Provision and erection of hoardings including painting and lettering on MS boards of 4m * 2m sizes resting on angle Information hoardings frame and mounted on MS pipes of 100mm diameter and 3m height, No 10000 5 50,000.00 indicating the scenic views along the project route as per directions of the . ______Environmental Engineer. Stability of Slopes Construction Bioengineering .______monitoring measures and survival Lumpsum Covered for protection of slopes Costs in Engineering Construction of Bus Shelters As Roadside Amenities Pre- per Construction design Construction of urinals As per Construction of urinals design E.vironmental Envirncmental Providing and constructing facilities Construction close to waterfalls as per drawing Enhancement_ . and the direction 7.11 LS 200,000.00 of the Environmental . . g, iti i Document by Icr &CES 7-31 ,- CJ(: upcv led by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ti EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 Component Stage Item Unit Unit Cost Quantity Total Cost IN) specialist. Providing Oil Interceptors at vehicle Soil Construction parking areas for mitigation as per Nos. t 25000 25,000.00 ______directions of the Engineer . Providing Washing platforms at water Water Construction bodies for mitigation of water pollution Nos. 2 7000 14.000.00 as per the directions of the Engineer Provision of new water point to replace the existing waterpoint at chainage 2.2 km by construction of water storage tank, including construction of tank and Covered in Engineering Costs oint with 300mm dia RCC pipe, Water Construction protection of the existing source of Nos. 1 water complete in all respects and , providing a RCC pipe of 0.3 diameter conforming to IS: 458 for connecting the new water storage tank from the water oint at chainage 2.2 km - Providing dry bolder packing for mitigation as per directions of the L.S. - Covered in Engineering Costs Engineer Providing bamboo stacking to protect Slope protection Construction the ups and down hill side slopes as m 10 directed by the Engineer Provide benching to protect the ups and down hill side slopes as directed by the Sq.m 6 I______. Engineer 3,01 7,488.0 70TAL MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT COST O MONITORING ,, I: ,di, )O)CuMlent by ICT & CES 7-32 ;. -mnd Updated by fLASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-,' EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 Component Stage Item Unit nit Cost Quantity Total Cost 5000 for 3 Monitoring near all hot mix plant No. of sample 2 10,000.00 locations approved by the Engineer samples set Air Construction set Monitoring at construction siTes in No. of 3000 for 3 9.000.00 tandem with construction samples set Construction At locations specified in the monitoring No. of 5000 4 20o000.00 Water Quality plan ape Operation At four locations specified in the No. of 5000 2 10,000.00 ______monitoring plan samples . Noise Construction At equipment yards as directed by the No. of 4000 4 20000.00 Nnguneer samples Monitoring survival/Effectiveness for bio- diversity and for mitigation design 8 Bio.Engineering.Construction measurs times during the construction period as Covered in Engineering Costs per the directions of Environmental Specialist Operation Monitoring effectiveness L.S. - - -145,000.00 Bio-Diversity Construction Spicies diversity L.S. 1-64,000.00 TOTAL MONITORING COST |178,000.00 TRAINING AND MOBILIZATION _ Training COperation Training taken place under phase It Advocacy and Policy Erection of hoardings indicating the Makijag Operation biological diversity and the scenic views No. 10000 5 50,000.00 Maktna______along the project route it'Jilli) Document by ICT & CES 7*33 I;rsed and Updated by LASA Mizoram Stote Roads Project Phase-li EIA & EMP for Aizowl Bypass, June 2003 Component Stage Item Unit UnIt |Quantity Total Cost Holding meetings for policy planning and subsequent review meetings with Revenue Department, local representatives, town planning Provided in Phase 11,Buangpui- Lunglei EMP Budget authorities, NGOs, etc. regarding development controls especially w.r.t biodiversity preservation for a period of 3 years. Admiinistrative Charges Maintenance of vehicle with the incldmingisogisticsChaConstruction Environment Cell, Data processing, Provided in Phase 11,Buangpui including logistics administrative support, stationery etc. - Lunglei EMP Budget Vel.icle Cost One 4-wheel drive vehicle(Gypsy) for Provided in Phase- the Environment Cell I . Digital Camera for the Environment Cell Provided in Phase- Miscellaneous Items Portoble sound level meter Provided in Phose- TOTAL TRAINING AND MOBILISATION COST 50,000.00 TOTALCOST 3,245,488.0 TOTAL COST 0 3,300,000.0 TOTAL BUDGETED COST INR (Rounded up to nearest 00,000) 0 in,-rl Doc umen t by ICT & CES :scl and Updated by LASA sIu;auau. uopuatualduq -,. ., ., .95n gr ~~ ~ ~ ~ , - ' AN51e'J wnI I)d r~~~~ 5 V. \ \4 sS 't t_ lo W~~~~~~~~' /s S@0 I- ,a/ V £); ;, vd tetS->~ m~ 8. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS Since Phase I of MSRP is already being implemented by the MPWD, the arrangements for Phase II build on the suggestions of the Sectoral Environmental Assessment using the experiences of Phase I as guiding lights. By-and-large, the project implementation is going on as envisaged. There are a few aspects of the work, particularly those relating to the procurement of small service contractors, where streamlining is required during Phase II. These are addressed at appropriate locations in sections that follow. 8.1. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT, MPWD The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is entrusted with the responsibility of the MSRP, from preparation to implementation of both phases. Currently staffed with 7 full-time officials, the Unit is functioning from PWD headquarters in Aizawl. A Project Director (PD), an officer of the Superintending Engineer rank, heads the PIU. The PD is assisted by three officials (two Executive Engineers and a Special Land Acquisition Officer), one each looking after procurement, Environmental and Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) issues. These officers in turn have one assistant engineer each, with an account officer also assisting the Executive Engineer in-charge of procurement. Experience in Phase I shows that the existing environmental staff of PIU is falling short of manpower to undertake field visits to inspect work sites. With the implementation of Phase II, all the works will be running simultaneously. Hence, to ensure adequate supervision and monitoring from the PIU, another A.E (Environment) will be procured for assisting E.E(Environment) for implementation of Phase-Il. 8.2. OTHER STAKEHOLDERS The PIU has availed services of several consultants for the project - for assisting it with preparation, institutional strengthening and supervision of implementation of MSRP Phase-l1. In addition, services of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) have also been procured as part of the project for implementation of the R&R activities and plantation on the roadside, where extra land is available and has recently been declared as road reserve. Implementation of the actual construction will be through Contractors procured through International Competitive Bidding (ICB) route. For major maintenance component, field units (divisions) of the PWD will act as supervisors and a consultant is expected to provide quality assurance services. Contractors for maintenance component are to be procured through National Competitive Bidding (NCB). The project will also require monitoring by other government agencies as MPCB, Department of Environment and Forests etc., at various points in the project cycle. The implementation mechanism of PIU, environmental cell is shown in the flow diagram in Figure 8-1. Origincl Document by tCT a CES 8-A, Revised onc Upcc'ed by LaSA Engineer-in-chief --, Project Director - MSRP |-- - 'V - Env. S.pecialist Special Land * * GRC EE +______-Eof the Enaineer D.O. (Major ) Acquisition Officer D (Environment) arid sUIortrtM Maintenance) - ~~ ~~~- l]4M Professionals- AEE ~~~~~~~~~iI7'IIiiI1___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AEE (R&R) i ------E-II C Cons-,> AEEsAE R&R Manager VLC 14 (Environment) (Environment) B ultant| Independent M&EI NGO Contractor Consultants Contractor Consultant for implementing NGO for for mplementing R&R ~~~Roadside -Implementing R&R activities Non plantationaUpgradation Additional Major 8.11 Implementation Arrangement nt Studies Maintenance KEY~~~~~~~~~~ KEY MSRP =Mizoram State Road Project GRC = Grievance Redressal Committee DO = Divisional Officer EE =Executive Engineer DLC = District Level Committee QA = Quality Assurance AEE =Assistant Executive Engineer SC = Supervision Consultant Acc. Of f = Account Otficer VLC= Village Level Committee MPCB =Mizoram Pollution Control Board M&E =Monitoring & Evaluation NGO Non Governmental Organization R&R Resettlement & Rehabilitation Figure 'Arne ntMIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. 8.1 Implementation ArageetPHASE II, PWD, New Delhi GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM AMizorom Stote Rocdrt Project Phose-11 EIA &EMP for Aizowl Byposs. June 2003 8.2.1. Environmental Cell, PIU The Environmental Cell within the PIU, MPWD, established as part of Phase 1,includes the Executive Engineer and an Assistant Environmental Engineer. They operating, as representatives of the employer and as a unit, are to ensure that the MSRP complies with the environmental covenants of the agreement with the IDA. The Environmental Cell will continue to: * ,.; ,iitorprogress of the implementation of the EMP measures in consonance with the timeline for the project within the allotted budget; Support Division offices' staff on the implementation of ESMP measures along the routes selected for the major maintenance component; * Maintain interaction with the various other statutory bodies like Mizoram Pollution Control Board: * Occasionally inspect the environmental measures being implemented by the Contractor and the NGO responsible for plantation on the roadside, where extra land is available. • Report progress of works, both in terms of physical progress and quality for transmission to statutory authorities such as the World Bank Group; • Facilitate training of appropriate PWD staff on Environmental aspects, either through the Environmental Specialist(s) of the Construction Supervision Consultants and/or External trairers; and • Document and disseminate good practices, bottlenecks and their resolution during the implementation of environmental measures as part of MSRP. Project Co-ordinating Consultants The role of the PCC, procured to assist the MPWD during project preparation, is gradually reducing as the project moves entirely into the implementation stage. However, their limited presence will remain beyond preparation until the end of the project. A limited input from the Environmental and Social Experts is envisaged when the Supervision Consultant (SC) for Phase 11mobilizes. This will essentially be for providing the SC with an overview of the environmental issues that will need to be addressed during implementation. Supervision Consultants The Supervision Consultants, to be procured to assist the PIU with implementation of upgradation component, once the project documents are ready, will be the key to ensure the successful implementation of EMP provisions during Phase 11.As the 'Engineer' for the Contract, the SC will certify the Contractors' bills. Since ICB procurement is envisaged, the selected consultants are expected to have the necessary professional(s) to tackle the issues that MSRP Phase ll is likely to bring up. The Environmental Specialist of the SC will be a key position, which can be leveraged to Original Documenit by ICT S CES 8.3 -ev5ed onc! Ucc Oy Al'Ay -A3 7 Mizorom State Roads Project Phose-ll EIA & EMP for Aizowl 8yposs, June 2003 ensure that the Contractor complies with the various EMP requirements. The draft Terms of Reference for Environmental Specialist are given below: The Phase 11 of MSRP will involve the improvement of the southern part of Aizawl-Thenzawl-Lunglei Road (PI) between Buangpui (km 100.0001 to Lunglei (km 169.400), construction of the Aizawl bypass and maintenance of various routes as specified in the preceding chapters. Environmental Management Plans have been prepared for these routes which need to be followed during the implementation of the civil works. The key responsibility of the Environmental Specialist will be the successful implementation of the EMP. In addition, s/he will report to the PIU and the World Bank on the progress of environmental protection and/or enhancement works as envisaged in the EMP. S/he will also ensure that the environmental capacity available to the PIU during implementation of MSRP is successfully transferred to MPWD in general and PIU staff in particular. The desired qualifications of the Environmental Specialist are: * A degree in Civil and/or Environmental Engineering * 15 years of experience in Supervision of implementation of Environmental Management Plan including at least one linear project * Prior practical experience in Hill Roads would be an advantage His/Her responsibilities will include: * Supervise and monitor the implementation of EMP by the Contractor • Review and approve site-specific environmental mitigation/enhancement designs for waterfalls, locations for biodiversity protection, etc. worked out by the Contractor based on the sketches provided in the EMP prepared during project preparation * Review and recommend the Contractors' Implementation Plans for approval (with any changes that may be necessary) to ensure compliance with the environmental provisions of the Contract * Hold regular meetings with the Environmental Cell of the PIU and keep it updated on the progress of site works * Prepare and submit Environmental progress report to the Environmental Cell * Develop and organise environmental training programmes to upgrade the skills within the staff of the Environmental Cell, Contractors and other MPWD staff * Document and develop good practices during project implementation for wider dissemination MSRP Phase II will require continuous environmental supervision. It is desirable to have field staff with environmental expertise to be on site for the duration of construction. Experiences of Phase I implementation are provided in Appendix 8.1. These indicate more sensitization of the contractor staff and adequate training is also required. Hence, either the field engineers supervising construction can be trained on environmental aspects or one dedicated junior staff may be stationed for the duration of the project. Originci Document by ICr a CES a-4 Revised and Uoccred by LASA 4Mi:Orr: Stote Roods Project Phcse-it -*S EIA & E,IP for Aizowi Bypcss. June 2003 Non - Governmental Organisations Phase 11of MSRP will utilise the services of a NGO for the implementation of R&R activities as well as for the plantation on the roadside, where extra land is available and has recently been declared as road reserve. The NGO will follow the specifications appended to the Environmental Management Plan for planting of saplings and for the maintenance of plantation for 3 years. A separate amount is budgeted for this roadside plantation in addition to that for compensatory plantation at the rate of 10 saplings for each tree felled. Training has been conducted as part of Phase 1,twice. The second training session has strong representation from NGOs. However, it is felt that further training is required. Hence, when the sessions are conducted, they can also send their representatives for training programmes conducted by the CS and/or PIU so that these gross-roots level workers can go back to the site and train village council representatives of settlements. Quality Assurance Consultants The major maintenance component in Phase 11requires more environmental supervision than envisaged for Phase 1.Since the Kanhmun - Tuilutkown (M2) corridor posses through Dampa Tiger Reserve towards its southern end for nearly 10 km, it is suggested that Type Ill treatment that envisages building the road subgrade upwards be avoided in this section of M2. This is reflected in the ESMP. Moreover, the Zobawk - Haulawng road (M6) is being converted from its current earthen condition to a blacktopped road. Therefore, the levels of impact are anticipated to be higher on this particular stretch. The QA consultants need to be aware of these special requirements. From the experiences of Phase 1,it is evident that the contractor is not implementing any of the environmental safeguards suggested in the ERMP. Hence, it is required to sensitise the contractors in environmental issues through extensive training programmes. It is expected that like Phase 1,there will be provision for Environmental staff as part of the QA consultants' ToR so that these issues are accorded due importance. Dedicated staff shall be provided for supervision from the PIU. Adequate training has to be provided to the contractors - especially for maintenance corridors. Contractors The execution of the works will be responsibility of the contractor. This contractor will also implement the environmental measures since they are already a part of the BoQ for Phase 11.This has been done with a view to ensure that road construction and environmental management go together. As executioners guided by the EMP and/or ESMP, Contractors need to be sensitised to the needs of Hill Roads. Though the individual Contractor's set up will vary, they are expected to have sufficient environmental input to ensure that works entrusted to them are implemented on the ground. Civil, Engineers with implementation experience on highways, and an _ _ 19.n 17 E ;h i-Qrom State Roods Project Phase-8 EIA &ENIP for Aizowl Bypass, June 2003 understanding of environmental issues, or better - post-degree qualification in environmental engineering should provide a continuous expertise with the SC's Environmental Specialist. The responsibilities of Environmental Engineer of the Contractor are: * Provide key inputs in the development of the Contractors' implementation plan for all construction activities, including haulage of material to site, adhering to the requirements of the EMP and getting approval of SC on the same before start of works. * Ensure that the regulatory nermissions required for the construction equipment, vehicles and machinery (given in the EMP) have been obtained and are valid at all times during the execution of the project. * Identify locations for siting construction camps and other plants, machinery, vehicles and equipment, as well as locations for storage and disposal of wastes, both from the construction camps and from the site and obtain approval for the same from the Environmental Specialist of the SC. * Detail out site-specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures based on sketches provided as part of the EMP and obtains approval of SC for the same. * Carry out the measurements of environmental mitigation and/or enhancement works and prepares bills for the some for approval and payment through the SC's Environmental Specialist. * Ensure that the safety of the workers and other site users is not compromised during construction. * Ensure that proper monitoring facilities are available for collecting samples of all discharges from the Contractor's plants, equipment and camps. * Verify the extent of environmental compliance at sites from where the Contractor is procuring the material - quarries, crushers or even sand and suggest appropriate mitigation measures, if required. * Participate in training programmes and assist the PIU in preparing documentation for good practices in environmental protection as part of MSRP. Monitoring Environmental Activities The monitoring plan prepared for Phase 11focuses on activities, which can have significant environmental impacts and can be controlled with appropriate mitigation and/or enhancement measures. The results of monitoring will provide important information regarding the effectiveness of the proposed measures and thus influence decision-making process. Monitoring includes the use of: * Visual observations of activities which (can) cause pollution * Sampling and analysis of air, water samples or noise levels close to sensitive receptors at regular specified intervals using methods specified in the EMP. * Feedback from NGO for IBA's X Surveying and enumeration of biodiversity 0Qr5iginci Docur-''- o 'C- r.-' 8.6 - e s _c con _ 8 --. -* - E,Mizorom Store Roods Project Phase-Il EtA & EMP for Aizowl Byposs, June 2003 8.3. REPORTING SYSTEM Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project. Reporting system for the suggested monitoring program operates at two levels as: . Reporting for environmental condition indicators and environmental management indicators * Reporting for operational performance indicators at the PIU level. The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the Project Director. All reporting by the Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis. The MPWD shall be responsible for preparing targets for each of the identified EMP activities. All subsequent reporting by the contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the MPWD before the contractors move on to the site. The reporting by the Contractor will be monthly report like report of progress on construction and will form the basis for monitoring by the MPWD, either by its own Environmental cell or the Environmental Specialist hired by the Supervision Consultant. Along with these reports, NGO shall report progress of plantation and survival rate as per the monitoring plan. Table 8-1 summarises the monitoring and reporting arrangements. Individual formats are given in Annexure 8.1. Table 8-1 Desired Monitoring and Reporting Process and Responsibilities Format Supervision Consultant PIU, MPWD Nma t Target Sheet Timing Supervision RePI to Compliance Report to No. i ______uperviIo PIU, MPWD Monitorin2 WB Construction Phase Before ci construction camp construction Quarterly Quarterly As required Quarterly C2 Disposal locations construction As required One time Quarterly C3 Borrow areas cefore As required One time Quarterly C4 fProtection measures for endangered Before Quarterly One time As required Quarterly flora construction I______05 Pollution monitoring Duri'ng Areued After Qurel __ Poilution monitoring Construction Asrequired Monitoring Quarterly C6 leanings Construction Quarterly _ _ _ _ Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly openings______j C7 Bio-diversity Construction Quarterly Quarterly monitoringI Quarterly Operation Phase 01 Roadside plantation Operation _ I Quarterly | Quarterly 02 I Culvert openings Operation I Quarterly Qucrterlyu 03 Bioengineering Operation | _ As required Quarterly C:inc!.!oc;n; . ; ' C E 8-7 _- j,,o --'~~~~~-7 , A: ,,:', * :,-orcm State Roacs Project Ph'ose-It EtA & \lP for AiZowl SyposS. June 2003 8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING WITHIN MPWD The preparation of two phases of MSRP and the training programmes that have been organised during this period have sensitised members of the PIU and many key MPWD officials to environmental issues in the project. Targeted training modules and a clear setting of priorities by the PIU have been the key to success of the training so far. This needs to be built upon during the course of remainder of the MSRP so that the MPWD benefits from the expertise acquired by its staff well beyond the completion of MSRP. To enable the MPWD integrate environmental and social issues in its day-to-day operation as well as future road development projects, the training programme has evolved with the project. Substantial understanding regarding the key issues in MSRP is already evident with increased participation in the two programmes held so far. The site visit to the offices of PIU. Gujarat State Highways Project, has also been quite useful for the members of the PIU and the environmental staff of the Supervision Consultant. During this visit, the GSHP experiences on implementation were shared with the MPWD officials. They also visited sites where construction was in progress. The main focus of future training programmes has to be on implementation. Since project preparation is drawing to a close, the MPWD officials can concentrate on simultaneous progress of Phase I and 11.Identification of candidate locations for siting construction camps, disposal of excess cut material, water harvesting structures would be a priority in the short term. The proposed training should also allow the officials to enhance their skills for effective monitoring of project by understanding the formats developed for reporting. Other issues that the training can cover include the stability of slopes, their protection using civil engineering structures as well as bioengineering techniques, biodiversity and its protection, etc. For the former, on-site training such as in Nepal can be considered while for the latter, training can be sourced from the biodiversity centre being planned in Imphal for the Northeast region. In addition, close interaction is required among members of the PIU responsible for the Environmental and R&R activities since it is envisaged that the two aspects will have a considerable overlap. It is envisaged that the training as part of MSRP will include training on several issues important for both teams simultaneously. The following modules (Table 8-2) are will be taken up as part of MSRP Phase II: Table 8-2: Modules for further training during MSRP 11 Session Particulars Short Description I Timing: After finalisation of Contracts for Overview of responsibilities in MSRP NGO and Civil Works * The roles and responsibilities of the CS. NGO and the Target Group: Members of PIU. Contractor representatives ot NGO, Environmental . Reporting arrangements Specialist of CS. Environmental staff of * Contractual obligations. Environmental Protection and the Civil Contractor Social Development No of Trainees: 20 Speciol Issues in MSRP Mode of Training: Lectures, Presentaliol.n The imnportance ot slope protection Discussions Sile visits along Phase I .jodiversitv a_r 0o0 consiructicn cDocumenr cv ICT _:S 8 I 1 aondc U cCA,- . - itrzoram Stote Roads Project Phase-il . _ EMP for Aizowl Bypcss. June 200? Session Particulars Short Description route(s) * Preparation of Micro Plans Responsibility: External Agency or PCC, * Income generation and Economic Rehabilitation PIU 1I Timing: During implementation of Phose Inter-Departmental Co-ordination 11of MSRP * Clearance requirements and prescribed procedures Target Group: Members of the PIU. Senior * Expectations of other departments - documentation and staff of the MPWD's Planning Cell follow-up No. ol Trainees: tO . Developing formats for ease of reporting Mode of Training: Lectures, Discussions. * Improved co-ordination with Village Councils Presentations, Role Play Long term issues In Road Planning in Mizoram Responsibility: External Agency or PCC. * Emerging trends in Environmental and Social Assessments CS. PIU * Priority corridors. Protected Areas and conservation needs * Consultation and Public Involvement in Road Planning * Highway Development and diseases The total expenditure on training, inclusive of site visits; per diems and training fees will be approximately INR 1.0 million. O.cri'clDccu-- oy:i_.& '-:ES 8-9 A _rmu-4. / *> -,s w > r11 t3hi J 63 VVI'arnoi! t : : , .*. . \I V c;.., U W pA*34v-}/ \*' z, {Fn;"'4sMaW R r > e h ¢ / < - ( Qngi L |41 yL -3aD 2 p6,ar 3 naDQ~~~ ' T( n it an 35 N . ox Ta'nI. / 5 1 " -Ito .LuQ\ ' *aLaa / 'f eQ! % n3Jnexures I" ~~Annexures M\izorom State Rocds Pr: ect Fhose-. EIA &EAIP for AiZowi Bypcis . !une 2003 Annexure 3.1 Rare and Endangered Plant Species SCIENTIFIC NAME HABIT Mikania sp. Woody climber Mukia maderaspantana (Linn) Woody climber Pueravia sp. Woody climber Rhamus nepolensis (Wall) Woody climber (berry) Rhaphidophra grande Climber Taperia sp. - do - Thunbergia Grandhi (Roxb. Ex. Rolfe) - do - Thunbergia coccinea (Wall) - do - Trichosanthes bracteata Climbing Plant Vitis repens ] Climbers Aegle marmelos | Garden Plant Ageratum connyzoides | Garden Plant Asparagus recemosus Musa paradisaca Wild Shrub Tinospora cordifolia Climber Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) Climber Saccharum arundinaceum Kons flower Asplinium sp. [ Fern Angiopteris T Fern Onginol Document by Icr a CES Revised ond Updated by LASA Mizoram Stlte Roacis Project Phoee-u EIA & EMP forAizrjwl HypOas. Ju ne 2'((A Annexure - 3.2 AIZAWL BYPASS (16 Kms. Altitude: 717 - 1010m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Herbs & Shrubs (of 1 sq. metre size quadrate) Total number of Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species Individuals of quadrats of quadrats Incy Abundance Density each species occurrence studied in % I. Ageratuml) conyzoides 22 17 30 56.66 1.29 2. Bidens biteinata 0.73 40 28 30 93.33 1.42 1.33 3. Saccharurm longiselosum 48 30 30 100 1.6 4. 1.6 Clerodendlun1 colebrookionun 2 2 30 6.66 I 5. MikOania miciantha 0.06 38 30 30 100 1.26 1.26 6. Chinolciena odoiata 24 18 30 60 1.33 7. 0.8 Cynodon doctylon 30 24 30 80 1.25 S. Thystiloloenao nmaximoa 20 17 30 56.66 1.17 0.66 9. Melistomoa malabotalricumn 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 10. Didymochloena hruncatula 0.4 52 30 30 100 1.73 II. Spilonhes acmella 1.73 18 13 30 43.33 1.38 0.6 12. Rubus ellipticus 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.16 13. Holigarna longifolia I 1 30 3.33 I 0.03 14. Mimosa pudica 8 3 30 10 2.66 0.26 15. Lantona camaca 3 3 30 10 1 0.3 16. Gleicheni liaeais I 9 30 30 1.66 17. 0.5 Cynoglossum zeylanicumil 8 6 30 20 I .33 18. Maeso ramentacea 0.26 5 4 30 13.33 1.25 0.16 19. Anocitntihus Ijicolo;I 2 3 30 10 0.66 20. 0.06 Thysanoloeno maximiac 8 6 30 20 1.33 21. PlumJruer 0.26 acominII la 1 2 8 3( 26.66 I .5 0).4 22. Fleminigia shiicta 6 5 30 16.66 1.2 0.2 23. CissoanPelos pareirac I 7 30 23.33 1.57 0.36 24. Rhus senjialala I I 30 3.33 1 0.03 25. Curculigo cIassifolia 12 8 30 26.66 1.5 0.4 (jnigiiOJ itJ u'Iw&l,. oy 1(1 &CES f'evisecl in-d I lclotlerJ by LASA4 Mizorcim State Roads Project Phose-iI EIA &EMP forAizowl Bypass. June ?Oi Name at STotalnumber of Number of Name Total number Frequency of Sp-cies individuals of quadrats of quadrats in Abundance Density each species occurrence studied 26. Rubus birmanicus 15 12 30 40 27. Urena lobata 1.25 0.5 7 6 30 20 28. Milax ovclifolia 1.16 0.23 10 . 8 30 26.66 1.25 0.33 29. Cyothec deolbata 4 i 30 3.33 4 30. Solonum loivuum 0.13 8 7 30 23.33 1.14 0.26 31. Blumea alala 27 24 30 80 1.13 32. Bridelia squomosa 0.9 10 8 30 33. 26.66 1.25 0.33 Irnpeiata cylindrica 47 30 30 100 1.56 34. Hedychiumn coccineumn 1.56 4 3 30 10 35. Smilax perfoliaia 1.33 0.13 5 3 30 10 36. Alocosia fomnicata 1.66 0.16 2 2 30 6.66 37. Impatiefis porrecto i 0.06 13 9 30 30 38. Phrynium capitatumil 1.44 0.43 6 5 30 16.66 39. Caryota urens 1.2 0.2 2 I 30 3.33 2 0.06 40. Costus speciosus 15 9 30 30 1.66 41. Clerodendr umii viscosum 0.5 12 8 30 26.66 42. Poligonunii chiniense 1.5 0.4 20 17 30 56.66 43. Hedyotis scandens 1.17 0.66 17 13- 30 43.33 44. Melocanno baccifera 1.31 0.56 5 3 30 10 1.66 0.16 Oriwpnoi DoCum,ent by ICt & CES Revised ond I pciated by I ASA Mizoram Stote Roods Project Phase-II EIA & EMP forAizowl BYPOSS,June 2003 Annexure -3.3 AIZAWL BYPASS (1 6 Kms. Altitude: 717 - 1010 m) Frequency, Abundance and Density of Trees Total number ot Number of Total number Frequency Density Name of Species individuals of each quadrats of quadrats Abundance species occurrence studied In % 1.2 1. Ficus Semicordaia 12 7 10 70 1.71 3 2.4 2. Macat ungco inclica 24 8 10 80 1.57 1.1 3. Trema orientalis I1 7 10 70 2 0.8 4. Callicaipo aiboiea 8 4 10 40 1.66 0.5 5. Castanopsis tribuloides 5 3 10 30 1.5 0.6 6 Poikia tinmo6iana 6 4 10 40 0.3 7. Duabanga grandifloia 3 2 10 20 1.5 0.83 0.5 8. Saurauin nopoulensis 5 6 10 60 0.4 9. Albizzia cflilensis 4 7 10 70 0.57 2 0.2 10. Cinnctmomtint verum) 2 I 10 10 60 2.16 1.3 11. SecUlin)egO vilosa 13 6 10 3.25 1.3 12. Artocarpus heferophyllus 13 4 10 40 1.4 0.7 13. Schimna khcsicina 7 5 10 50 1.6 1.6 14. Rhus sen-ricilolak 16 10 10 100 1.3 1.3 15. Lithocarpus puchyphylla 13 10 10 100 1.33 1.2 16. Quet cus flelphei iono 12 9 10 90 1.57 1.1 17. Quercus polyslachya I1 7 10 70 0.6 18, Spondicts pinnoia 6 4 10 40 1.5 1.1 19. Schir-na wallichii II 10 10 100 1.1 I.3 20. Eniblicaofficinctlis 13 9 In 90 1.55 2.33 0.7 2 1. Bauhimilia va iegoi) 7 3 10 30 1.2 0.6 22. Albizzioi fliotilsoni 6 5 10 50 1.33 0.4 23. Rhus saccedanea 4 3 10 30 70 1.28 09 24. Lithocatpus xylocarpo 9 7 10 _ coiginal D,r,cuei byy ICt rCESE REvisecl ond- UpdoleJ by LASLA Mizorom Stote Roocis Project Phose-ll EIA & EMP forAizowl f/ypras, Jur,e 2&00, Name of Species Total number oa Number of Total number Frequency Name of Species individuals of each quadrats of quadrats in% Abundance Density .______species occurrence studied n % -25. Lilsea cubeba 5 4 10 40 1.25 0.5 26. Ficus hirto 5 3 10 30 1.66 0.5 27. Wenlcndio grondis 15 10 10 100 1.5 1.5 28. Derris robusta 7 4 1O 40 1.75 0.7 29. Eurya cerasifolia 13 10 10 100 1.3 1.3 30. Ficus piostrata 3 2 10 20 1.5 0.3 31. Psidium guaiava 4 2 10 20 2 0.4 OGiginol Document by ICT & CES .AA Revised and Updated by LASA 4 Atizororn Slate zZc_: Phcse-ll .IA & EAt? for,Aiz.N c-zcs:une 2003 Annexure - 3.4 AIZAWL BYPASS List of Ethno-medicinal plants Name of species Local Name Uses 1. Holigarna longifolia Kawhtebel Juice of Crushed roots / leaves tcken fcr colic / stomache 2. Mikania microntha Japan hlo Juice of leaves taken externally for fresn wound and internally in malaria, fever, dysentery & diarrhoea. Decoction of leaves taken for stomache clso. 3. Clerodendrum Phuihnam Infusion of leaves is token as vege:cble to cure colebrookianum hypertension 4. Alocasia fornicata Baibing Juice of the plant is applied on snakebite 5. Chromoloeno odorata Tlongsam Juice of crushed leaves token for fresh wound and cuts 6. Blumea alata Buar Juice of leaves taken for antipyretic anc diuretic 7. Polygonum chinense Taham Plant taken for general tonic and antisccrou"ic 8. Costus speciosus Sumbul Decoction of roots taken for kidney cnd urinal problems 9. Hedyotis scandens Kelhnamtur Decoction of leaves & roots taken for puiverized kidney stone 10. Securinego virosa Saisick The leaves are boiled in the water cr.c cre used for bathing for patients suffering from smcilcox, measles & scabies. 11. Callicarpa arborea Hnohkich Juice of young leaves is used for s cmcche while decoction of bark is used as tonic and zromctic 12. Schima wallichii Khiang Decoction of fruit is used in snake bit cnd insect bite. Juice of bark is applied in sores. 13. Ficus semicordata Theipui Infusion of bark / leaves for liver ailment :n combination with others. 14. Ageratum conyzoides Vailenhlo Juice of leaves applied externally in cuits, wounds & itches. 15. Emblica officinalis Sunhlu Fruit is used for cooling, diuretic, laxative. etc. Dried fruit is used for haemorrhage. diarrhcea. dysentery, anaemia, joundice & dyspepsia. Decoction of fruit is also taken for cough 16. Psidium guajava Kawlthei Juice of leaves token for diarrhoea & stcmoche 17. Spilanhes acmella Ankasdte Juice of leaves taken to remove intestincl worms 18. Mimosa pudica Hlonuar Juice of leaves & roots used in kidney & urinary tract problems Griginol Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updated by LASA Mizoramn State Roads Project Phase-I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA&EMP for Aizawi Bypass, June 2003 Annexure 7.1 Mitigation measures for slope stabilization Control of Soil Erosion ond Slope Stabilization In order to stabilize the slopes, retaining walls (engineering structures able to resist bendinri and with a footing designed to withstand pressure at the base of the slope) shall be incorporated in the project design at vulnerable locations. Three types of design of retaining walls have been proposed to enhance the stability of slopes on the hillside at different locations of the project road. These are: * ROI Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m * R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m * R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 3.0 m but < = 6.0 m Similarly to stabilize the slopes on the valley-side when it is required to widen the road by filling on the valley-side breast walls will be provided at different locations of the project road. Depending on the height of the cut to be supported and other site conditions, following types of Breast walls could be provided at different locations of the project road. * ROI Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m • ROIg Bamboo Crib walls/gabions for Heights <= 2.0 m • R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m * RO2g Gabions for heights >2.0 m <=5.0 m * R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 5.0 m Locations where retaining wall are proposed are presented in the Table 7.1.1. Table 7.1. 1: Details of proposed retaining wall for the protection of the hill slopes Height (m) 3 3 Length (in) Earthwork (in ) Filter Material (in ) 1.5 455 564.20 2.0 610 971.04 ______3.0 985 2462.50 300 4.0 810 2966.71 300 5.0 182 923.72 300 6.0 55 370.57 40 Total 3097 J 8258.74 940 Originol Document by ICT & CES Revisec non Ji-oited by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-tl * . - EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 As shown in the table above, to prevent the escape of the retained material through the voids of the rubble masonry, filter medium shall be provided behind abutment, wing wall and return walls. Similarly to stabilize the slopes on the valley-side when it is required to widen the road by filling on the valley-side, breast walls will be provided at different locations of the project rood. Depending on the height of the cut to be supported and other site conditions, following types of Breast walls could be provided at different locations of the project road. * ROi Dry Random Rubble Masonry for Heights < = 2.0 m * RO 1g Bamboo Crib walls/gabions for Heights <= 2.0 m * R02 Composite Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > = 2.0 m but < = 5.0 m * RO2g Gabions for heights >2.0 m <=5.0 m * R03 Mortared Random Rubble Masonry for Heights > 5.0 m Gabion masonry or bamboo cribs for breast walls will be provided by the contractor as per the directions of the Engineer and shall include protection measures like turfing/grassing on upside slopes at these locations. After such turfing has been laid in position, certain precautionary measures are to be followed like: * Surface shall be cleaned of loose turf, excess soil and other foreign mrraterial. * A thin layer of topsoil shall be scattered over the surface of top dressing * The area shall be thoroughly moistened by sprinkling with water. * The contractor shall water such turfing/sodding for a period of at least 4 weeks after laying. Watering shall be done so as to avoid erosion and prevent damage to turfed areas by wheels of water tanks. In addition the following provisions have been made for the slope protection, which the contractor may have to carry out if so directed by the Engineer. * The Contractor shall provide dry boulder packing for mitigation as per directions of the Engineer * The Contractor shall provide Bamboo stacking to protect the up and down hill slopes as directed by the Engineer (tentatively 5% of the total length of the bypass has been envisaged for this type of protection). * The Contractor shall provide benching on slopes as desired by the Engineer on up and downhill side. (Again 5%of total length of the bypass has been envisaged for this type of protection). Originol Document by Icr & CES Revisec cnd Ucoarted by LASA I Y Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA e EMP for Aizawl Sypass, June 2003 Bioengineering Techniques for Soil Stabilization Such measures include plantation of soil-binding plant species on the exposed surfaces resulting from shoulder - cutting to widen the roads, as well as on the valley slope to further strengthen the soil-binding there. Selection of species: Grasses, shrubs and trees are the main species that are readily available in India. WhI,re possible, the use of non-native species should be avoided since they can out compete and displace native plants. To maximize the chances of success, one should try to select species whose growing conditions roughly match the environmental conditions of the project site. Care should also be taken to select species with root systems that match the nature of the soil at the project site. * Beside these recommended species Pterydophyta species like, Lycopodium spp., Seloginella spp., Polytrichum spp., and Sphagnum spp., which are found widespread in the area, can be planted to stabilise the soil both on the valley slope and road shoulders. The bryophytes and pteridophytes are provided with rhizoids that have a high cumulative soil-binding capacity. Moreover, these plants, due to their habit forms extensive spongy mats on exposed soil, protecting the soil effectively against the bombardment of raindrops. * While cutting the hillside, attempts should be made to create a slope of at least 800, avoiding totally vertical cuts. Small terraces about 1.2 to 2m high moy be carved out and protected by planting grasses and other ground flora. These measures would go a long way in preventing soil erosion and landslides. * Besides serving the purpose of soil binding, plants like broom and thatch grasses could also benefit the local community who could maintain these patches on a sustainable utilization basis, thus boosting the social welfare component of the project. * The contractor is required to monitor the survival and effectiveness of the bio- engineering measures during construction period as per the directions of Environmental specialist/Engineer. A brief description of bioengineering techniques is presented in the following paragraphs. Contour Wattling This mathod is used to control surface erosion by breaking long slopes into shorter slopes. Bundles of branches, called wattles or fascines, are placed in shallow trenches along the slope or stream bank contour. Trenches are excavated by hand to half the diameter of the bundles. Wattles are typically 8 to 10 inches in diameter and branches secured with twine. After the wattle is staked in place, the trench is backfilled until only the top of the bundle is exposed. Wattles can Original Dccument by ICT & CES Revised crc -Jcoctec by LASA Mizorarn State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA S EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 be used for hill slope restoration, road embankments, wide gullies, or slump areas. Chevron Grass Lines Chevron grass lines are planted as covering diagonal grass at an angle of between 300 - 400 off the horizontal. This gross-planting pattern is recommended or, ,;eep. badly rilled slopes with coarse surface soils. It is used to direct surface runoff to stable disposal areas such as rill or rip rap channel, or a natural drainage line, thus utilizing the natural drainage pattern. The chevron-planting pattern can also be reversed to divert runoff to the center of the batter and thereby promote infiltration. Diagonal Grass Lines Diagonal gross lines are planted at an angle of between 300- 450 off horizontal, across the slope. Gross slips are planted at 20 cm intervals, with lines generally spaced at 50 cm intervals. The diagonal configuration is recommended on steep slopes where low volumes of runoff occur (i.e. where a small overland catchment exists above the road). The planting pattern prevents rill formation and retains eroded soil on the slope, thereby help. Brush Matting This method protects streambanks by placing a mattress-like layer of branches over it to protect soil and slow water velocity. The mat is composed of interwoven, usually dead, branches secured to the soil by live stakes, wire, twine or live branches. Live stakes are often cut from dormant willow. Brush matting helps collect sediment and enables establishment of vegetation on banks. Like brush layering, this method requires large quantities of branches. Live Cuttings Live cuttings can be used to secure materials in place and to increase plantings on a slope. Live cuttings can be from 18 inches to 4 feet in length. Longer cuttings are used for live staking of wattles, while shorter cuttings are used for plantings. Fascines Fascines are made of vegetatively propagated plant cuttings tied together into 15-20 cm bundles and dug into slopes on the contour to this depth. Fascines are Origincl Document by ICT & CES Revisea and Upac ted by LAS.4 Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ll EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 recommended to stabilize small, critical slopes, and to protect rip rap on slopes. Fascines prdvide a physical barrier to hold surface soil as well as drainage path, while cuttings rapidly develop roots that bind the slope. Palisades Woody cuttings are planted at 10-15 cm intervals next to each other in lines across the slope, usually on the contour, to form palis&j,s. They form a strong barrier that holds eroded soil, ultimately forming small terraces suitable for the establishment of vegetation. Palisades are recommended for all slopes except where minor slumps are likely. The SALT technique of soil conservation, developed in the Philippines for hill agriculture up to 35°, is based on this technique. Combinations Combinations of the above practices are usually used for most bioengineering designs. For example, brush wattles and live staking is a common combination used to stabilize slopes. A coir fascine can be used with live plantings, brush matting and trench packing to restore wetlands or stream channels. New combinations of existing methods, and the use of new materials, will provide creative applications of bioengineering techniques. The Bioengineering techniques and species suitable are presented in the Table 7.1.1 Table 7.1.1 Species suitable for Bio-engineering Techniques No. Techniques Site conditions Species I Contour Shallow trenches Acocia cotechu, Albizia lebbeck, Albizio Wattling along the slope or procera, Alnus nepolensis. Dolbergio sisoo. stream bank Erythrino spp.. Ficus semicordoto- Bombusa contour balcooa, Bombuso nutans cupulata. Bambusa nutons nutons.- Dendrocolomus homiltonii. 2 Chevron Steep, badly riled Arundo clonox, Arunduella nepolensis, Gross Lines slopes with coarse Cymbopogon microthea, Euloliopsis binoto, surface soils Neyroudia arundinaceo. Neyraudia reynoudiona, Soccharum spontoneum, Themda spp., Thysonolaeno maxima ', Vetiveric lowsoni, Bombusa balcooo, Bambusa nutans cupuloto, Bombusa .______nutans nutons,, Dendrocalomus hamiltonii ^ Denotes species found in the project area Origincl Document by Icr & CES Revisea and Uppc ted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-Il EIA e EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 No. Techniques Site conditions Species 3 Diagonal Steep slopes where Arundo clonox, Arunduello nepolensis, Grass Lines low volumes of Cymbopogon microthea, Eulaliopsis binato. runoff occur (i.e. Neyroudia orundinacea, Neyroudia where a small reynaudiona, Sacchorum spontoneum, overland Themda spp., Thysonolaeno moxima', catchment exists Vetiverio lowsoni, Bombusa balcooa. above the road) Bombuso nutans cupuloto, Bambusa nutons nutans- Dendrocalomus hamiltonii 4 Brush Matting Stream banks to Bambusa bolcooa, Bambusa nutons protect soil and cupulata, Bombusa nutans nutons., slow water velocity Dendrocolamus homiltonii. Acacia cotechu. Albizia lebbeck. Albizia procera. Alnus nepolensis, Dalbergia sisoo. Erythrino spp.. Ficus semicordota * 5 Live Cuttings To secure materials Acacia cotechu. Albizio lebbeck, Albizia in place and to procera. Alnus nepolensis, Dalbergia sisoo. increase plantings Erythrina spp., Ficus semicordota*. Bombuso on a slope balcooa, Bambuso nutons cupulotc, Bambuso nutons nutons-, Dendrocalcmus homiltonii, Bouhinia varigata * 6 Fascines To stabilize small, Bambusa ba/cooa. Bambusa nutons critical slopes, and cupulata, Bambusa nutans nutans,, to protect riprop on Dendrocalamus homiltonii slopes 7 Palisades All slopes except Acacia pennota, Acacia cotechu. Albizia where minor slurnps lebbeck, Albizia procera, Alnus nepolensis, are likely Dalbergia sisoo, Erythrina spp., Ficus semicordoato. Bauhinia varicato * 8 Combinations Used to stabilize Any of the above mentioned species. slopes, to restore marshes or stream channels Original Document by ICT &CES Revisec Ono Updated by LASA Gr:ass Strip_ Pla talioii .20.. Conitour Planitinig Diagonial Planting ~~~~210 Cheveron Planting Downslope P'lanting Fasciries 7 r Buindel of Cutting '---w~-WODDEN PEG { D. +0.m -~ O . S~ D m ~i ~ ~ ~ A, / i TRcE JTTIN% Top i P ~a]~~~ ~~ isa C C1NES lI'alisades, FioutL 1Vie Top) Viewi sidut Xiw Source MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT, Bio-Engineering Techniques PHASE , PWi, GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Asia Pvt. Ltd. Fg1ure NewLEA AssociatesDelhi South ¢ Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ti EIA e EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 Measures for protection of slopes in soft soil: For protection of up and down hill slopes in soft soil(assumed to be along 5% of the total length of the proposed alignment), bomboo stocking and benching has been proposed to be provided at locations identified by the Environmental specialist/ Engineer. Measures for restoration of rain cuts: During the operotion stages of the project, regular mointenance ol the right of way and restoration of roin cuts in the embankment and the shoulders has been proposed. To ensure this, the area affected by the rain cuts shall be cleared of all loose soil and benched. The width of the benches shall be at least 300mm and they shall extend continuously for a sufficient length. The height of the benches shall be in the range of 150- 300mm.Fresh material shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 250mm loose thickness and compacted so as to match with the benching at a moisture content close to the optimum. Originol Document by icr &CES Revised and Updated by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ll }E/Ae FMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 Annexure 7.2 SANITATION AND HOUSE KEEPING AT THE LABOUR /CONSTRUCTION CAMPS SITE SELECTION The construction camps will be located at least 200 - 500 m away from habitations at identified sites. The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be erected and maintained to siandards and scales approved by the resident engineer. * All sites used for camps must be adequately drained. They must not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 200 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes or other surface collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control measures. * The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. * All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water may get stagnant and become a nuisance. WATER SUPPLY * An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriate health authority, must be provided in each camp for drinking, cooking, bathing and laundry purposes. * Potable water supply systems for labour camps occupants shall be as per the design approved by the Local Public Health Engineering Department and meet the water quality standards as prescribed by the State Pollution Control Board. In addition, the design of water system facilities shall be based on the suppliers Engineer's estimates of water demands. * The drinking water system must be monitored in accordance with the water quality parameters as prescribed by the State Pollution Control Board. The water supply system used for cooking purposes that is drainad seasonally must be cleaned, flushed, and disinfected prior to use. Furthermore, a water sample of satisfactory bacteriologic quality, i.e. a sample showing not more than one coliform bacteria per 100 ml sample must be obtained before being placed into service. * At all construction camps and other workplace, good and sufficient water supply shall be maintained to eliminate chances of waterborne/water- related/water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of the workers. TOILET FACILITIES AND HYGIENE * There shall be adequate supply of water, close to latrines and urinals. * Within the precincts of every workplace, latrines and urinals shall be provided in an accessible place, and the accommodation, separately for each of these, as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Origincl Documenti ty rC) &CES Revised and Updateci by LASA IM 4 Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-/I EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. Except in workplaces provided with water-flushed latrines connected with a water borne sewage system, all latrines shall be provided with dry-earth system (receptacles) which shall be cleaned at least four times daily and at least twice during working hours and kept in a strict sanitary condition. Receptacles shall be tarred inside and outside at least once a year. * Toilet facilities adequate for the capacity of the camp must be provided. Each toilet room must be located so as to be accessible, without any individual passing through any sleeping room. * A toilet room must be located within 200 feet of the door of each sleeping room. No toilet may be closer than 100 feet to any sleeping room, lunch area or kitchen. * Where the toilet rooms are shared, such as in multifamily shelters and in barracks type facilities, separated toilet rooms must be provided for each sex. These rooms must be distinctly marked "for men" and "for women" by signs printed in English and in the native language of the persons occupying the camp, or marked with easily understood pictures or symbols. If the facilities for each sex are in the same building, they must be separated by solid walls or partitions extending from the floor to the roof or ceiling. * Urinals must be provided on the basis of one unit or 2 linear feet of urinal trough for each 25 men. The floor from the wall and for a distance not less than 15 inches measured from the outward edge of the urinals must be constructed of materials imperious to moisture. Where water under pressure is available, urinals must be provided with an adequate water flush. Urinals troughs in privies must drain freely into the pit or vault, and the construction of this drain must be such as to exclude flies and rodents from the pit. WASTE DISPOSAL * The sewage system for the camp must be designed, built and operated to the satisfaction of the concerned local State Govt. Department so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjac6nt watercourse takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to. * Garbage bins must be provided in the camps and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner to the satisfaction of relevant norms. • Unless otherwise arranged for by the local sanitary authority, arrangement for disposal of excreta by incineration at the workplace shall be made by means of a suitable incinerator approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities. Alternatively, excreta may be disposed off by putting a layer of night soils at the bottom of permanent tank prepared for the purpose and covering it with 15 cm layer of waste or refuse and then covering it with a layer of earth for a fortnight (by then it will turn into manure). Oricinol Document by ICT & CES Revised cnd Updcted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-ll EIA & EMP for AILzWaBypass. June 2003 * On completion of the works, all such temporary structures shall be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta tank and other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the outline site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of the engineer. FIRST AID * Injuries might occur during the construction period. It is therefore pertinent to provide first aid facilities for all the construction workers. At construction camps and at all workplaces first aid equipment and nursing staff must be provided. Since many of the workplaces may be faraway from regular hospitals, an indoor health unit having one bed facility every 250 workers needs to be provided. * Adequate transport facilities for moving the injured persons to the nearest hospital must also be provided in ready to move condition. * The first-aid units should apart from an adequate supply of sterilized dressing material should contain other necessary appliances as per the factory rules of Mizoram. MAINTENANCE * All buildings, rooms and equipment and the grounds surrounding them shall be maintained in a clean and operable condition and be protected from rubbish accumulation. • All necessary means shall be employed to eliminate and control any infestations of insects and rodents within all parts of any labor camp. This shall include approved screening or other control of outside openings in structures intended for occupancy or food service facilities. * Each structure made available for occupancy shall be of sound construction, shall assure adequate protection against weather, and shall include essential facilities to permit maintenance in a clean and operable condition. Comfort and safety of occupants shall be provided for by adequate heating, lighting, ventilation or insulation when necessary to reduce excessive heat. Each structure made available for occupancy shall comply with the requirements of the Uniform Building Code. This shall not apply to tent camps. Griginol Documnen;t by ICT & CES Peei sed onct Updcted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-t1 ..*,, EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 Annexure 7.3 PLANTATION WORKS 1.GENERAL 1. Scope Contractor to furnish all materials, labour and reloted items necessary to complete the work indicated on drawing and specified herein. 2. Materials Plant Materials Plant Materials shall be well formed and shaped true to type, and free from disease, insects and defects such as knots, sun-scaled, windburn, injuries, abrasion or disfigurement. All plant materials shall be healthy, sound, vigorous, free from plant diseases, insect's pests, of their eggs, and shall have healthy, well-developed root systems. All plants shall be hardy under climatic conditions similar to those in the locally of the project. Plants supplied shall confirm to the names listed on the plant list given in Table no.1 and 2. No plant material will be accepted if branches are damaged or broken. All material must be protected from the sun and weather until planted. Any nursery stock shall have been inspected and approved by the Environmental Specialist of the Engineer. All plants shall conform to the requirements specified in the plant list. Except that plants larger then specified may be used if approved, but use of such plants shall not increase the contract price If the use of the larger plant is approved, the spread of roots or ball of earth shall be increased in proportion to the size of plant. Deliver plants with legible identification labels. Original Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoated by LASA I Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l EIA &EMP for Aizawi Bypass, June 200J, Table 1: Species recommended near settlements (within 1 km of last dwelling) Scientific name Mizo Name Best Propagation Albizia chinensis Vang Seeds Anthocepholus chinensis Banphar Seeds Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamkhuong Seeds Bouhinia varigata ' Voube Seeds Betula alnoides ' Hriang Seeds, cutting Emblica officinalis ' Sunhlu Seeds, cutting, budding, inarching Ficus bengalensis * Bung Seeds, cutting Ficus religiosa ' Hmawng Seeds, cutting Ficus semicordata Theipui Seeds Spondias pinnota ' Taitow Seeds Trema orientalis * Belphuar Seeds, stumps Table 2: Species recommended for the project road in areas further away from settlements Large Trees Scientific Name Best propagotion Acacia catechu Seeds / polypots Albizia lebbeck Seeds / polypots Albizia procera Seeds / polypots Alnus nepalensis Seeds / polypots Dalbergia sisoo Seeds / polypots Erythrina spp. Seeds / hardwoods cuttings up to 2m Ficus semicordata * Seeds / polypots Schima wallichii I Seeds / polypots Shrubs and Small Trees Acacia pennata Seeds / polypots Lantana comara Hardwood cuttings Grass Species Arundo clonax Slip cuttings/stem Arunduella nepolensis Slip cuttings/seeds Cymbopogon microthea Slip cuttings/seeds Eulaliopsis binota Slip cuttings/seeds Neyraudia arundinacea Slip cuttings/seeds Neyraudia reynaudiana Stem/Slip cuttings/seeds Soccharum spontaneum Slip cuttings Themda spp. Slip cuttings/seeds Thysanolaena maxima Slip cuttings Vetiveria lowsoni Slip cuttings Bamboo Species Bombusa balcooa Culms cuttings Bombusa nutons cupulata Traditional method Bambusa nutans nutons Traditional method Dendrocalamus homiltonii Culms cuttings * Species observed in the project area Top Soil (Good Earth) Topsoil or good earth shall be a friable loam, typical of cultivated topsoil of the locality containing at least 2% of decayed organic matter (humus). It shall be taken from a well- drained arable site. It shall be free of subsoil, stones, earth skids, sticks, roots or any other Original Document by ICT & CES Revised cnd Urdofed by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 objectionable extraneous matter or debris. It shall contain no toxic matericl. No topsoil shall be delivered in a muddy condition. It shall have pH value ranging in between 6 to 8.5. Fertiliser Measurement of sludge shall be in stacks, with 8% reduction for payment. It shall be free from extraneous matter, harmful bacteria insects or chemicals. (Subjected to safety norms). Root System The root system shall be conducive to successful transplantation. While necessary, the root-ball shall be preserved by support with Hessian or other suitable material. On soils where retention of a good ball is not possible, the roots should be suitably protected in such a way that the roots are not damaged 3.Condition Trees and shrubs shall be substantially free from pests and diseases, and shall and shall be materially undamaged. Torn or lacerated roots shall be pruned before dispatch. No roots shall be subjected to adverse conditions such as prolonged exposure to drying winds or subjection to water logging between lifting and delivery. 4.Supply and Substitution Upon submission of evidence that certain materials excluding the plant Species prescribed are not available at time of contract, the contractor shall be permitted to substitute with an equitable adjustment of price. All substitutions shall be of the nearest equivalent species and variety to the original specified and shall be subjected to the approval of the Environmental Engineer/Environmental Specialist. 5. Packaging Packaging shall be adequate for the protection of the plants and such as to avoid heating or drying out. 6. Marking Each specimen of tree and shrub, or each bundle, shall be legibly labelled with the following particulars: Its name The name of the supplier, unless otherwise agreed. The date of dispatch from the nursery. Original DOCcJ!?ernt 0Y (CT & CES Pe isect cn.s Jpcdated by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 11TREE PLANTING Plants and Shrubs Trees should be supplied with adequate protection as approved. After delivery, if planting is not to be carried out immediately, balled plants should be placed back to back and the ball covered with sond to prevent drying out. Bare rooted plants can be heeled in by placing the roots in prepared trench and covering them with earth, which should be watered into. c.oid air pockets round the roots. Trees and shrubs shall be planted with the approval of Site Supervision Engineer/Environmental Engineer. Digging of Pits Tree pits shall be dug a minimum of three weeks prior to backfilling. The pits shall be 120cms in diameter and 120cms deep. While digging the pits, the topsoil up to a depth of 30cms may be kept aside, if found good (depending upon site conditions), and mixed with the rest of the soil. If the side of the below, it shall be replaced with the soil mixture as specified further herein. If the soil is normal it shall be mixed with manure; river sand shall be added to the soil if it is heavy. The bottom of the pit shall be forked to break up the subsoil. Back Filling The soil back filled watered through end gently pressed down, a day previous to planting, to make sure that it may not further settle down after planting. The soil shall be pressed down firmly by treading it down, leaving a shallow depression all round for watering. Planting No tree pits shall be dug until final tree position has been pegged out for approval. Care shall be taken that the plant sapling when planted is not be buried deeper than in the nursery, or in the pot. Planting should not be carried out in waterlogged soil. Plant trees at the original soil depth; soil marks on the stem is an indication of this and should be maintained on the finished level, allowing for setting of the soil after planting. All plastic and other imperishable containers should be removed before planting. Any broken or damage roots should be cut back to sound growth. Criginal Document by 1CT & CES Revised cnd Updoted by LASAA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-Il EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 The bottom of the planting pit should be covered with 50mm to 75mm of soil. Bare roots should be spread evenly in the planting pit; and small mound in the centre of the pits on which the roots are placed will aid on even spread. Soil should be placed around the roots, gently shaking the tree to allow the soil particles to shift into the root system to ensure close contact with all roots and prevent air pockets Back fill soil should be firmed as filling proceeds, layer by layer, care being taken to avoid damaging the roots, as follows: The balance earth shall be filled in a mixture of 1:3 (1 part sludge to 3 part earth by volume) and 50gms potash, (Mop) 50gms of Super Phosphate and 1 Kg. Neem oil cake. Aldrin or equivalent shall be applied every 15 days in a mixture of Smi in 5 litres of water. Staking Newly planted trees must be held firmly although not rigidly by staking to prevent a pocket forming around the stem and newly formed fibrous roots being broken by mechanical pulling as the tree rocks. The main methods of staking shall be: * A single vertical shake, 900mm longer than the clear stem of the tree, driven 600mm to 900mm into the soil. * Two stakes as above driven firmly on either side of the tree with a cross bar to which the stem is attached. Suitable for bare- rooted or Ball material. * A single stake driven in at an angle at 45 degrees and leaning towards the prevailing wind, the stem just below the lowest branch being attached to the stake. Suitable for small bare- rooted or Ball material * For plant material 3m to 4.5m high with a single stem a three- wire adjustable guy system may be used in exposed situations. The end of stake should be pointed and the lower 1 m to 1.2m should be coated with a non-injurious wood preservative allowing at least 150mm above ground level. Tying Each tree should be firmly secured to the stake so as to prevent excessive movement. Abrasion must be avoided by using a buffer, rubber or Hessian, between the tree and stake. The tree should be secured at a point just below its lowest branch, and also just above ground level: normally two ties should be used for tree. These should be adjusted or replaced to allow for growth. Oricincl Document by ICT & CES Revised crd updoted by LASA IW 7 Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-/l EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 Watering The Contractor should allow for the adequate watering in of all newly planted trees and shrubs immediately after planting and he shall during the following growing season, keep the plant material well watered Fertilising Fertilising shall be carried out by application in rotation of the following fertilisers, every 15 days from the beginning of the monsoon till the end of winter: * Sludge or organic well-rotted dry farm y_rd manure: 0.05 cum or tussle. * Urea 25gm. * Ammonium sulphate 25gm. Potassium sulphate 25gm. All shrubs, which are supplied pot grown, shall be well soaked prior to planting. Watering in and subsequent frequent watering of summer planted container- grown plants is essential. IIl Shrub Planting In Planter Beds All areas to be planted with shrubs shall be excavated, trenched to a depth of 750mm, refilling the excavated earth after breaking clods and mixing with sludge in ratio 8:1 (8 parts of stacked volume of earth after reduction by 20%: 1 part of stacked volume of sludge after reduction by 8%.) Tall shrubs may need staking, which shall be provided if approved by the Contracting- consulting engineer, depending upon the conditions of individual plant specimen. For planting shrubs and ground cover shrubs in pldnters, good earth shall be mixed with sludge in the proportion as above and filled in planters. Positions of planters shall be planted should be marked out in accordance with the Design drawings. When shrubs are set out, precautions should be taken to prevent roots drying. Planting holes 40cm diameter and 40cm deep should be excavated for longer shrubs. Polythene and other non-perishable containers should be removed and any badly damaged roots carefully pruned. The shrubs should then be set in holes so that the soil level after settlement will be original soil mark on the stem of the shrub. The holes should be back filled to half of its depth and firmed by treading. The remainder of the soil can then be returned and again firmed by treading. IV Grassing Preparation During period prior to planting, the ground shall be maintained free from weeds. Grading and preparation of the area shall be completed at least three weeks prior to Originol Cocument by ICT & CES Revised ono Uported by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-1t EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2OO.7 the actual sowing. Regular watering shall be continued until sowing by dividing the area into portions of approximately Sm squares by constructing small bunds to retain water. These 'bunds' shall be levelled just prior to sowing of grass plants; it shall be ensured that the soil has completely settled. Soil The soil itself shall be ensured to the satisfaction of Environmental Specialist/ Environmenta: '.igineer to be a good fibrous loam, rich in humus Sowing the grass roots Grass roots shall be obtained from a grass patch, seen and approved before hand. Only the species mentioned in the Table 2 should be used. The grass roots stock received at site shall be manually cleared of all weeds and water sprayed over the same after keeping the stock in place protected from sun and dry winds. Grass stock received at site may be stored for a maximum of three days. In case grassing for some areas is scheduled for a later date fresh stock of grass roots shall be ordered and obtained. Execution Small roots shall be dibbled about 5cms apart into the prepared grounds. Grass will only be accepted as reaching practical completion when germination has proved satisfactory and all weeds have been removed. Maintenance As soon as the grass is approximately a 3cm high it shall be rolled with a light wooden roller - in fine, dry weather - and when it has grown to 5 to 8cms. above to ground weeds must be removed and regular cutting with the scythe and rolling must be begun. A top- dressing of an ounce of guano to the square yard or well decomposed well broken sludge manure shall be applied when the grass is sufficiently secure in the ground to bear the mowing machine, the blades must be raised an inch above the normal level for the first two or three cuttings. That is to say, the grass should be cut so that it is from 4 to 5cms in length, instead of the 3cm necessary for mature grass. In the absence of rain, in the monsoon, the lawn shall be watered every ten days heavily, soaking the soil through to a depth of at least 20cms. Originol Document by ICT & CES Revised cnd Updoted by LAS Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-Il - EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 Damage failure or dying back of grass due to neglect of watering especially for seeding out of normal season shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Any. shrinkage below the specified levels during the contract or defect liability period shall be rectified at the contractor's expense. The Contractor is to exercise care in the use of rotary cultivator and mowing machines to reduce to a minimum the hazards of flying stones and brickbats. All rotary mowing machines are to be fitted with safety guards. 6. Rolling A light roller shall be used periodically, taking care that the area is not too wet and sodden. 7. Edging These shall be kept neat and must be cut regularly with the edging shears. 8. Fertilising The area shall be fed once in a month with liquid manure prepared by dissolving 45gms of ammonium sulphate in 5 litres of water. 9. Watering Water shall be applied at least once in three days during dry weather. Watering whenever done should be thorough and should wet the soil at least up to a depth of 20cms. 10. Weeding Prior to regular mowing the contractor shall carefully remove rank and unsightly weeds. V. Maintenance Cultivating The Contractor shall maintain all planted areas within contract boundaries for one year until the area is handed over in whole or in phases. Maintenance shall include replacement of dead plants, watering, weeding, cultivating, control of insects, fungus and other diseases by means of spraying with an approved insecticide or fungicide, pruning, and other horticulture operations necessary for proper growth of the plants and for keeping the sub-contract area neat in appearance Pruning and Repairs Upon completion of planting work of the sub-contract all trees should be pruned and all injuries repaired where necessary. The amount of pruning shall be limited to the necessary to remove dead or injured twigs and branches and to compensate for the loss of roots and the result of the transplanting operations. Pruning shall be done in such a manner as not to change the natural habit or special shape of trees. Tree Guards and Protective Fencing C(iOlflCI DOcument by ICT & CES Revised cod Upcated by LASA ! Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-I1 EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 According to local environment, shrubs shall be protected adequately from vandalism until established. Where the tree guards are necessary, care should be taken to ensure that they do not impede natural movement or restrict growth. The specifications of the tree guard proposed are given below: * Circular Bamboo Tree Guard. The tree guard shall be 50 cm. in diameter. The tree guards shall be formed of (i) 3 Nos. bamboc. stakes 2.1 m long. (ii) 3 Nos. bamboo rings fixed as per design. (iii) 15 Nos. 1.55 metres long bamboo sticks. The bamboo rings can be prepared by slicing the bamboo stakes. The bamboo rings shall be tied to the bamboo stakes with steel wires as approved by the Environmental Engineer. The 15 Nos. bamboo sticks shall be tied to the rings at equal spacing along the circumference of ring. The lower end of the flat of lower ring shall be at a height of 45cm. and upper end of the flat of top ring shall be at the height of 2.00 metres. The middle ring shall be in the centre of top and lower ring. The bamboo sticks shall be tied to rings as shown in the drawing. The design of the tree guard shall be as shown in the drawing. VI Nursery Stack Planting should be carried out as soon as possible after reaching the site. Where planting must be a necessity and/or be delayed, care should be taken to protect the plants from pilfering or damage from people/animals. Plants with bare-roots should be heeled- in as soon as received or otherwise protected from drying out, and others set closely together and protected from the wind. If planting is to be delayed for more than a week, packaged plants should be unpacked. the bundles opened up and each group.of plants heeled in separately and clearly labelled. If for any reoson the surface of the roots becomes dry the roots should be thoroughly soaked before planting. VIl Completion On completion, the ground shall be formed over and left tidy. SPECIAL CONDITIONS AND PARTICULAR SPECIFICATIONS. 1. Wherever applicable, work shall be done according to PWD specifications, in vogue, at the time of invitation of tender. Originol Document by ICT S CES Pevised ond Updated by LASA > Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-It EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 2. Contractors shall make their own arrangement for drawing water from there. Water charges at --- of value of work done shall be deducted from the contractors Bills. 3. If electricity is required for the works, the some shall be made available at one point within the site of works, for which recovery @ Rs.-- per Kwh. Shall be made from the contractors bill. 4. The work included in the schedule of Quantities include grassing as well as planting of trees and shrubs. 'Contractors' quoted rates shall include execution of these works at different levels and nothing extra shall be paid for any item, for working at these levels 5. The Contractor (s) shall not be entitled to any compensation for any losses suffered by him and/or revision in the rates originally quoted by him. a. On account unforeseen delay in commencing the work, whatever the cause of such delays be. b. On account of reduction in the scope of work. c. On account of suspension of work, or abandon after award of work. 6. The Contractor shall provide all facilities to Environmental Specialist / Project Engineer and/or his authorized representatives to make frequent inspection of their Nursery and ascertain the process / quality of various categories of trees/plants etc., grown by them. 7. Contractors' quote rate shall include the cost of transportation of tools and plants to and from the site, sales tax, excise duty, octroi, etc. It shall be clearly understood that no claim for any extra payment on account of sales tax, excised duty, octroi etc., shall be entertained after the opening of the tender. 8. The safe custody and up-keep of various categories of plants brought to site is the sole responsibility of the contractor and he shall employ sufficient supervisory personnel to ensure the safety of these items. 9. The site of work may be handed over to the contractors for shall work in phases, as soon as the same are available and the contractor in turn shall work in these areas forthwith. Nothing extra shall be payable for such phased execution of work. 10. While excavating / executing the work the contractors shall ensure that the existing cables / pipe lines / structures / fittings are not damaged and if due to his negligence, these are damaged, the same shall be set right with no extra cost to the clients. 11. The Contractor shall co-ordinate his work with other agencies employed by the Clients and ensure that the work of other agencies are not hampered in any way during the duration of contract. O'i,n51 Document b ;C 7 (ES Revised sr . Up:otrJt J by LASA |^.^> Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-Il EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass. June 2003 12. The Contractor shall keep the site of works neat and clean during the execution of the work. Any debris found at or near the site of work shall be moved immediately as and when so required by the Environmental Specialist / Project Engineer. 13. On completion of the work, the site of work shall be thoroughly cleaned and all debris removed before the work is handed over satisfactorily. 14. The Contractors shall, without any additional charge to the clients, renew or replace any dead or defective plcrts/grass and shall fully maintain the whole for a period of 12 months after the certified date of completion. 15. "General condition of contract and standard contract Forms of shall also form part of the contract. 16. All Tree saplings should be three (3) years old before they are planted. The numbers of the plants shall be as specified in the schedule of quantities and shall be straight and symmetrical with a crown and having a persistent main stem. The size of crown shall be in good over all proportion to the height of the tree. 17. Small trees and shrubs shall be well formed with the crown typical of the species or variety. 18. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF PLANTS: * Plants shall be typical of their species and variety, well-developed branches, and well foliated with fibrous root system. Plants shall be free from defects and injuries. Plants shall not be pruned before planting. * Plants shall be free from defects and injuries. * Plants shall not be freshly dug and nursery grown. * Nursery grown plants shall have been at least once transplanted * Bark shall be free from abrasion. * All trees, soon after planting, shall be properly supported with bamboo stocks,to ensure their safety against winds or any other factor, which may affect it adversely. 19. PROTECTION OF 'TREE TO BE PRESERVED" * The contractor shall be responsible for the protection of tops, trunks and roots of existing trees on site. Existing trees subject to the construction damage shall be boxed, fenced or otherwise protected before any work is started. 20. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF EARTH MANURE AND FERTILISERS * EARTH: Good earth shall be agricultural soil of loamy texture, free from kankar, morrum, shingles, rocks, stones, building rubbish and any other foreign matter. The earth shall be free from clods or lumps of sizes bigger than 50mm in any direction. It shall have pH ranging in between 6.5 to 7.5. Criginci DOcument by ICT &CEES Revised and Updoted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA & EMP forAizawl Bvpass. June 2003 . MANURE: Manure shall be of well-decayed organic matter obtained in dry state from the Municipal dump or other similar source approved by the Environmental Engineer/ Project Engineer. The manure shall be free from earth, stone or other extraneous matter. Manure shall be supplied, at site well screened. * FERTILISER: If the soil tests indicate pH value not as per the above specification namely in between 6.5 to 7.5, following measures need to be taken. * If pH exceeds 7.5, aluminium sulphate or equivalent fertilizer should be added at the rate _' 1 kg per cubic metre to lower the pH by one full point. * If pH is below 6.5, add ground limestone or equivalent fertilizer at the rate of 1 kg per cubic metre to raise pH by one full point. Original Document by ICT &CES Revised and updoted by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-/f ".101W EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 Annexure -7.4 GUIDELINES ON USE OF EXPLOSIVE AND BLASTING i. The Explosives Act, 1884 and the Explosives Rules, 1983 will be strictly followed during procurement transportation, handling, storage and use of explosive. ii. Controlled blasting will be used to limit the volume and extent of rock throw, and to reduce the disturbance of local flora and fauna. iii. The contractor will keep in his site offices copies of laws applying to supply, transportation, handling, storage and usage of explosives and will supply one copy of each of these laws to the Supervising Engineer (SE). iv. The contractor will submit to the SE details of the explosives that he proposes to use and of his proposals for their storage or and transportation to the site. v. Explosives will be used in accordance with the recommendations of the Indian Standard Code of practice. vi. Explosives will be stored under proper security at a safe distance from the road and at least 300 m from any inhabited permises. vii. The contractor will use explosives for blasting in connection with the work only at such times and places and in such a manner as the SE may approve always provided that such approval will not relieve the contractor from his responsibility for injury, loss, inconvenience and annoyance to persons, damage to the works and adjoining or adjacent structures, road, places and things, consequent on the use of such explosives. viii. The contractor will obtain all necessary permits and pay all necessary fees for the acquisition, storage and use of explosives and explosive accessories. ix. The contractor will appoint a responsible person or persons to order and receive explosives on site and to be responsible for all blasting activities on site. x. The contractor will provide an approved system of warning the public (including road traffic) and site personnel of an impending blast by both audible and visible means and will ensure that the blasting area is cleared of all personnel immediately prior to blasting. xi. The contractor will keep a current inventory of all explosive and explosive accessories obtained and used and submit a monthly report to the SE, detailing the usage of all explosives and explosive accessories by date and location. xii. The contractor will be entirely liable for any accident that may occur and will save the employer harmless and indemnified from all claims arising therefrom. Where the possibility exists of loss, inconvenience. injury or accident to persons. Oricinal 0oc.,;;enr oy icT & CES ReUisec' ond 'Jpcodated by LASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA &EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 animals, works, property, places or objects the SE will have the authority to regulate or prescribe the use of explosives and, in the event of such regulation or prescription the contractor will have no claim against the employer. xiii. The contractor will give warning each time of his intention to blast and will station .personnel on the roads and elsewhere with flags, horns and whistles and prevent persons, animals and traffic entering or remaining within the danger zone. The contractor will arrange for control of traffic on main road during all the blasting operations within 400 m of road by Mizoram Police. xiv. The contractor's supervisor in churge of blasting operations will have a current license valid for all types of blasting required including restricted blasting, and the license will be made available to the SE for verification. xv. Contractor will employ qualified shot-fires, holding a shot-fire's permit granted under the Explosives Rules, 1983. xvi. The contractor will select the number, position, orientation, depth and spacing of holes for blasting, the amount and type of explosive to be used per hole and the number and sequence of delays such that fracturing or otherwise damaging the ground below or beyond the required excavation limits is avoided. Final holes will stop short of the final limits of excavation by the amount required to ensure that, after detonation and the removal of all loose material, the final surface is in the correct position. xvii. In areas where it is necessary to restrict blasting in order to protect installations of significance or whenever he wishes to blast within 400 m of any public utilities, the contractor will: a. inform the authority concerned of his intention to carry out blasting within the vicinity of their property and ensure that all conditions imposed by them, including attendance by the representatives of such authority, are met, b. provide cover to the area to be blasted, to the approval of the SE and the authority concerned, to prevent damage by flying debris to such services, c. provide a suitable vibrometer and, whenever called upon to do so by the SE, demonstrate by the use of this instrument that the charges he proposes to use comply with this Specification. Neither the Contractor's compliance with these restrictions nor any approval given by the SE will relieve the contractor of any of his liabilities or responsibilities in respect of any damage to any building, structure or service resulting from his use of explosives. After blasting no person will approach the danger zone until the blasting site has been examined by the licensed supervisor or other responsible person and, in the case of misfires, before proper precautions have been taken. Ongincl Document by ICT & CES Revised and Updoted by LASA aw / Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-l1 EIA S EMP for Aizawl Bypass. Jur,e 2003 Annexure 7.5 Cultural Properties Management Plan Usually, people in Mizoram are accommodative of the project activities envisaged as part of MSRP - even when these have impacted community assets, including cultural properties. Moreover, few roadside cultural properties are actually being adversely impacted by the proposed improvements. The relocation of a church in Phase I (in Hmuifang) and more recently, a proposal from a few residents of Mausen along P1B to use a site near an old graveyard for setting up construction camp are examples of their general openness to the idea of relocation. CURRENT SITUATION However, there are a few locations, which are ,. held sacred in the traditions predating the spread of Christianity. In these locations, Mizos would not like any disturbance. One such location is the Thing Lu Bul (see picture) which is like an indicator of the well-being of the community which it is believed to guard. One such tree has been found close to the proposed alignment of the Aizawl bypass. By appearance, the Thing Lu Bul is highly unimpressive, even unnoticeable with its dry trunk and occasional leafless appearance. But, the locals' perception about it as the guardian of their community is clear in the discussions held onsite during the review visits. This particular location is close to culvert 13/4 (chainage 12.400km). The local people are quite assertive that there should be no damage to the tree. The design does not require the removal of the tree. However, damage to it cannot be ruled out since it is quite close to the edge of the proposed carriageway if no protective measures are taken. The project attaches immense importance to the feelings of the local people, especially in relation to their cultural properties. Therefore, the project now has the following safeguards to ensure that this special tree is protected during construction and operation of the road: Orngincl Docurnent oy ICT gECS Revisecf cnd UprJoted by 'ASA Mizoram State Roads Project Phase-1l EIA & EMP for Aizawl Bypass, June 2003 SAFEGUARDS built into MSRP No blasting will be. allowed within 50m on each side of the location of the Thing Lu Bul. All cutting will be using equipment rather than explosives. If required, only controlled blasting shall be allowed. This, if allowed, will be under the direct and constant supervision of Engineer. The contractor will be directed to operate his equipment with utmost care within this 100+3 m wide strip during earthworks and surfacing. At the time of the actual construction within 50m on each side, the tree itself will be protected by GI corrugated sheets. These sheets will be hammered into the hill side and held in position by appropriate bracing and supports as determined by the Engineer. A square enclosure of 1.5m x .1.5m with the Thing Lu Bul at the point of intersection of the diagonals will be created. The height of the enclosure will be 2.Om from the highest point on the periphery of the square. The purpose of this arrangement is to prevent any damage to the main trunk of the tree. In addition, the Contractor will also be required not to park any machinery within the 100+3m long strip. The concrete mixture for the culvert slab too will be placed outside this strip and material will be carried from there to avoid deposition of dust. For the operation stage, an iron tree guard will be provided. Since the local people wish minimal disturbance to the existing situation, no other elaborate measures are planned. Moreover, a properly designed hoarding will inform the road user about the presence of this locally important tree well in advance (50m). 0,-' rc! f)cc-:rnenr by Icr &cEs .t?e . _:c accred by LASA Ili_m,a mSu(e Roa/s Proj, i-:.-. El.1. E.,Il' ibi .li.r1 I, I? -pass .1:hi' : )5 Annexure 8.1 Reporting system formats C l: Construction camp and storage area Construction Stage Report: Date _ _ Month_ Year (Site Layout of Construction camp and working drawings of dwelling units with allied facilities tc be attached with format) Format to be submitted before target date (decided by PP.) of establishing camps as Camp no. WC Location of Camp (km Package . ) S.No Item J Unit Details Remarks by SC.if any 1. Detail of item camp a. Size of Camp Mxm b. Area of Camp sq.m c. Distance from Nearest Settlement d. Distance from Nearest Water Source Type/Size/Capacity/ present Use/Ownership Date of camp being operationcl dd/mm/yy Present land use = No other trees with girth > 0.3m. e. Details of Storage arealAvcilability of mxm impervious surface) _ f. Availability of separate waste disposal from Cum storage area 2. Details of toposoil stacking a. Quantity of top soil removed sq.m b. Detail of storage of topsoil Describe stackling . ______arrangem ent 3. Details of workforce a. Total No of Labourers nos b Total no of Male Workers nos c. No of Male Workers below 18 yecrs of age nos d. Totol No of Female Workers nos e. No of Female workers below 18 years of nos age f. No of children nos 4. Details of dwelling units a. No of dwellings/huts nos b. Minimum Size of Dwelling mxm c. No. of openings per dwelling nos cl. Minimum size of opening mxm e. Walls IsPecifications f._ Roofing specifications 9. Flooring specificCtions h. Drinking Water Tank specifications i. Capacity of Drinking water Tark cum ji Total no of WC nos k. No of Wcs for female workers Nios 1. Total No of Bathrooms for female workers Nos m. Size of septic tank for WC/Baths Mxmxm n. Capacity of Water Tank for VCs! Bathrooms and general purpose . Original Document by ICT & CES Reviset and Updotec ty LASA .1Ib:an , S.SaIcl Roads I',Prjo: :'h:,o-UI EL i ' I'P .i i:a'I B.ipass. ::. S.No Item Unit Details Remarks by SC.if any o. Fencing around camp Y/N 5 Details of facilities a Availability of secunty guard 24 hrs a day Yes/No b Details of First Aid Facility Yes/No c Availability of Dav Care Centre Yes/No d Availability of dust bins (capacity 60 Itr) nos Certified that the furnished information is correct. The quality of work is as per good practice and all relevant information as required is attached Project Engineer (Contrcctor) (Supervision Consultant) C2: Selection of Dumping site locations Route Stretch: To (Give chainages and nearest settlements from both ends) Criteria on which information for each site is to be collected Site I | Site 2 Site 2 ! 3 (Site 4 Area covered (m) . | Total Material 3 that can be dumped within the site (m ) l l l Depth to which dumping is feasible (m) J l l Distance of nearest watercourse (m) l l Neorest Settlement (m) _ l Date/s of Community Consultation/s l Whether the community is agreeable to siting of dumping site (Y/N) Date of Permission from Village Council President(VCP) l Proposed future use of the Site l _ l Selected Site (tick any one column only) ! ! l ! I Enclosures (Tick as appropriate): Map of each location/Photographs/Each dumping location/Each community consultation/Photocopies of permissions from VCPs Certified that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Date: (Controctor) Name and Designation of Verifier: Date: Recommeridation on the suitability of the site Signed Date: Name & Designation:- Decision Taken (tick one): Approved/Not Approved Signed: Date: Name and Designation of Deciding Authority OriainCI Docurnent by ICT & CES Revnsecj and UodCaued Oy LASA -Ii-.,, WlImS/ate Ro,ruls /'o. ":. -i Al.t I & . I / . ir 11I 8 as. .'.'1 !1 C3: BORROW AREAS Construction Stage Report: Date _ Micnth_ _ Year_ Site Layout of Borrow Area and Proposed Borrow Area Redevelopment Plan to be attached with formc- Format to be submitted before target date as (decided by PIU) for establishing Borrow Areas Borrow Area No. Location of Borrow Area (Km _ Pcc Si. No Item Unit Details Remarks by CSC. it any I Details of Borrow Area a Date of Borrow Area becoming operational dd/mm/yy b Current Landuse c Distance from Nearest Settlement Km d No of settlements within 20Cm of Hcul No. Road e No of settlements within 500m of Borrow No. Area : f Total Capocity Icum 9 No of Trees with girth more than 0.3 m |No. h Length of Haul Road Ikm i Width of Haul road m i. Type of Haul Road metal/dir t. k Size of Borrow Area |sqkm Area of Borrow Area |km x km m Quantity Available icum n Distance of Nearest Water Source Type/Size/Capacity/Present I______. U se/O w nership o Quantity of top soil removed cum p Detail of storage of topsoil Daily/occsionl use of the Borrow Area by the community, if any i r Probable reuse of Borrow pit-csk - community s Drainage channels/slope/characteristics - of the area 2 Enhancement Elements a Quantity of top soil removed Isq.m b Detail of storage of topsoil sq.m c [Adjoining land use/Natural elements d Near by catchment for storing water e | Erosion Control Programme j f Preventive measures for _ i Leaching _ ii Mosquito Breeding iii Water run-off/contamination 1 _ iv Any other environmental degrcdation { __i 3 (Details of workforce 1 a |Total No of Labourers INo. I b Total no of Male Workers No. c No of Male Workers below 18 years of No. |d jTotal No of Female Workers jNo. | | Originol Document by ICT &CES Revised and updated by LASA AIizoma, Slate Ro)idsI'-jc*:,- El. (/I' . fI'JbrW r /Bypas.s. :0(1.1 e INo of Female workers below iB years of No.l 4 |Details of redevelopment, Plan to be enclosedl Certified that the furnished information is correct the quality of work is as per good practice and oll relevont information os required is attached Project Engineer (Supervision Consultant) (Contractor) C4: TARGET SHEET FOR PROTECTION MEASURES AT SPECIFIC LOCATIONS WHERE ENDANGERED FLORA IS FOUND CHAINAGE: DATE: Species to be protected 1) No. of plants_ _ 2) No. of plants__ 3) No. of plants__ Total Area to be protected_, (along the road) x_ _ m (1 to road) No. of Bamboo Poles 1750 mm high No. of Bamboo Poles 750 mm high No. of Bamboo Poles 2000 mm long No. of Bamboo Poles 2100 mm long No. of Bamboo Poles 2400 mm long Length of Barbed wire __ m No. of Bamboo mats 2 m x 1 m with 1.1.1 Openings <6mm Description of condition of specific plants being protected: Attach copy of photograph showing current situation. (Contractor's representative) (Engineer's Environmental Specialist) Onrinol Document by ICT & CES Revised aon UpoVoted by LASA 1. I I'A l',fi. I i-ai. I H%pass. 0;.; C5: POLLUTION MONITORING Construction Stoge: Report -Date_ _ NMonth Year_ (Locations at which monitoring to be conducted as per EMP) Completion DurationDaeo Details of t Instruments Date of Recson S.No. Chainage location of Target completion if monitoring usd Date task foDea .______com pleted if any Air Monitoring 2 . ______-______ 2. W ater M onitoring ______3.. WaterMonitoring 2 Soil Monitoring 4I. 1 1. I _ _ I______I : _-___ 31 =__ Noise Monitoringt . i Certified that the Pollution Monitoring has been conducted at all the locations specified in the EMP and as per the directions of the SC Project Engineer Contracto r (Supervision Consultant) Origincl Oocument by ICT a CES Revisecd ond Upoated by LASA Enviro nmerital Management Plan for P1f: Ar exire s Mizoram State Roads Prmjec. 'iase-11 C6: CLEANING OF CULVERT OPENINGS Construction Stage: Report - Date_ _ Month Year LocatinO iCompletion Tar, et Location Dt o omltinifts S. No. Chainage ~Target Date~ Date of Completion if task Reason for Delay if any 10X =< 1~~~coplte -6 -7 813.. 9 10 12 ______ Project Engineer (Supervision consultant) LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. A-6 Environmental Management Plan for P1B: Arnexures --Mizoram State Roads P,uject, F'hase-ll C 7: MONITORING SHEET FOR SPECIFIC ENDANGERED FLORA LOCATIONS TO BE PROTECTED PERIOD OF VERIFICATION _ _ TO _ _ CHAINAGE KM Species to be Protected No. of Plants No. of Bamboo Poles in first row of which damaged No. of Bamboo poles damaged in first row Length of Ditch _ _ m Length of Ditch Cleared _ _ m (Quantity of material removed from ditch m3) No. of Bamboo Poles in second row _ of which damaged No. of Horizontal Poles in second row - of which damaged No. of MS angles (50x50x8) No. of Bamboo mats of which damaged - Description of Area being protected (include description of condition of specific plants being protected) Recent Photograph attached Yes F :2 No Certified that the above information has been collected from on-site observations. (Contractor's Representative) (Engineer's Environmental Specialist) LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. A-7 Environmental Management Plan for P18: Annexures Mizoram State Roads Project, Phase-.' 01: TARGET SHEET FOR ROAD SIDE TREE PLANTATION Operation Stage: Report - Dote_ _ Month Year_ Roadside Trees Turfing on slopes Section Hill Side Valley Side Total s . No. (km - Total trees Total Area Area K) Species Planted Species turfed Species Turfed (Sq.m) (Sg.m) |____ Nos Nos Nos I______._ _ _ _ _ I ______7 Certified that the furnished information is correct Project Engineer (PIU) LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. A-8 Environmental Management Plan for PIB: Annexuwes Mizoram State Roads Project, Phase-t 02: CLEANING OF CULVERTS Operation Stage: Report - Date Month Year_ LoCation / Cornpletion Tatge S.No, Chainage ITarget Date Dote of Completion [Reason for Delay ______5_ _ 'if task com p leted if a ny 5__ _ .__ I. 28 __ _ _l 3 l l_l Project Engineer (Supervision Consultant) LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Lid A-9 @