Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

CHAPTER I:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, METHODOLOGY, BACKGROUND, HISTORY AND DEMOGRAPHY

1.1 Executive Summary:

The Comprehensive District Plan 2015-16 for Saiha District has been prepared in a participative and consultative manner following the bottom-up approach and taking cognizance of the felt needs and priorities of the people in rural and urban areas. This decentralized plan reflects the decision based on the wisdom of the people and their representatives as well as the guidance provided by the district administration made by the district collector to meet the standards required to choose projects of high quality at entry in specific flagship schemes. BRGF Staffs, Saiha District has provided the support in various aspects throughout the plan preparation process.

Adequate attention has been given to make the plan output based and the growth process to be “inclusive” in nature providing wide range of benefits to the people in general and disadvantaged communities in particular. People’s participation has been given added priority in development scheme implementation and social audit. The proposed outlay for annual plan 2015-16 is Rs.3000.00 lakh. Out of total outlay 18.0% provided to the Agriculture, 10.0% for Rural Development, 5.0% for Special Area Programme, 10.0% for Irrigation and Flood Control. From the total plan outlay 5.0% provided to the Energy,2.0% provided to the Industry,2.0% provided to the Science and Environment and 11.0% to Transport Sector. Social sector has the importance in the plan as 35.0% provided from total the plan.

Saiha District

A. Summary of the District Annual Plan:

Vision: Saiha district presents a development model that upholds equity, self reliance, innovation and progress for sustainable growth of productive sectors and improved wellbeing of communities. The main Objective of this assignment is to prepare the detail project report for the integrated development the District. It aims for holistic district development for a healthy urban & rural development by providing basic infrastructure facilities like Agriculture Irrigation and Flood Control Energy Transport etc. to the district dwellers.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Table 1.1 District Profile Particulars Specific Information SWOT Analysis Geographical Area 1399.9 SqKms Normal Rainfall 260 mm / annum Agriculture, the principal No. of RD Blocks 2 means of livelihoods is rain- No. of Village Panchayats 92 fed. It has mixed No. of villages 53 demographic profile with STs No. of Urban Local Bodies Nil and SCs constituting roughly Total population (as per 2011 56574 50.75 and 9.16 percent of census) population respectively. The Male population [No.] 28594 Female population [No.] 27980 topographical and Schedule Tribe Population [No.] 56574 demographic conditions Rural Population [No.] 56574 pose several development Sex Ratio [2011] 979 Female/1000 Male challenges that need to be Density of population (per sq km) 40/Sq.Km addressed by objective in 2011 needs assessment, Decennial growth Rate (2001 - -7.34% appropriate prioritization 2011 ) and effective targeting. Of Total Literacy Rate [2011] 90.01% late rise of left wing Male Literacy Rate [%] 52.49% extremist activities has Female Literacy Rate [%] 47.51% reemphasized the need for accelerated and inclusive development. The district offers a unique opportunity to bled variety of resources to realize its development vision.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Table 1.2 Sector wise Allocations SN Sector Requirement (Rs In Lead Sectors: lakh) 1 Agriculture & allied 635.48 Agriculture, Horticulture, activities Animal Husbandry, Forestry, Mining, Small and 2 Rural Development 375.26 Medium Enterprises and 3 Special Area Programme 187.63 Social Services including 4 Irrigation & Flood Control 335.26 health & Education can be 5 Energy 167.63 promoted as a lucrative 6 Industry & Minerals 75.05 venture. 7 Transport 412.79 8 Science, Tech & 275.05 Environment 9 Social Services 75.05 10 General Economic Services 1213.42 Sub Total 3752.62

Table 1.3 Proposed Outlay of Saiha district for the Plan Period 2015-16 (Rs. In Lakhs)

Sector Proposed Outlay Proposed Outlay (Rs.in (Rs.in Lakh) Lakh) for five yrs Agriculture& Allied 635.48 4766.10 Rural Development 375.26 2814.45 Special area Programme 187.63 1407.22 Irrigation & Flood control 335.26 2514.45 Energy 167.63 1257.22 Industry 75.05 562.87 Transport 412.79 3095.93 Science, Tech. & Environment 275.05 2062.87 General Economic Services 75.05 562.87 Social Services 1213.42 9100.65 Total Resource 3752.62 28144.63

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Figure 1: Sector wise proposed outlay, Saiha

Agriculture& Allied Rural Development Special area Programme Irrigation & Flood control Energy Industry Transport Science, Tech. & Environment General Economic Services Social Services

17% 32% 10%

7% 9% 5% 2% 11%

1.2 Preparation of Structured Planning Formats:

The formats were to map the existing status, future perspective, strategy for perspective realisation and key prioritised plans for the plan period by plan years.

1.3 Methodology The approach adopted for formulating integrated district plan is participatory and holistic in nature where all the stake holders from different sector contribute to the process through interview, consultation, feedback and sharing. Each line department formulated their annual action plan in consultation with primary stakeholders at block and Village level through designated staff. Moreover, the Autonomous district council headed by chairman and Vice Chairman of Planning committee and Planning department under the autonomous district council formulated an action plan taking the views and interest of village people under consideration. Thus, The Deputy Commissioner finalized the Integrated District Plan (IDP) in a consultative meeting consisting of all heads of Line departments, District Nodal Officer, New Land Use Policy and resource persons. The approach was consultative and participatory in nature, where emphasis was laid upon facilitating preparation of a need based plan of a locality and growth prospect of the district as a whole.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Figure 1.2 Consultative Meeting of all Heads Department

1.4 Background of the District: History

Saiha District was formerly part of Chhimtuipui District. In 1998 when Chhimtuipui District was bifurcated into Two (2) District Saiha District and Lawngtlai District, the half that became Saiha District was briefly called by the old name Chhimtuipui District which is later known as Saiha. Saiha District is one of the eight districts of Mizoram state in India. The district is bounded on north by Lunglei, Lawngtlai District and on the west by Lawngtlai and on the south and east by Myanmar. Saiha town is the administrative headquarters of the district. The majority of the district inhabitants are Lakher (Mara) people, who also has an autonomous district council called ‘Mara Autonomous District Council’ under the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India since 1971. The Council functions like mini- Legislative Assembly with powers to pass their own customary laws and rules, subject to ratification by the Administrator (Governor of Mizoram). Saiha district is comprised of numerous hills and valleys and is rich in vegetation and forests. There are two Blocks in the Disrtict, Saiha and Tuipang.

Saiha District Police is headed by the Superintendant of Police and has three police stations, viz: Saiha, Tuipang and Phura. The SP is assisted by an Additional SP, Dy. SP and SDPO. The law & order and crime situation in the district is quite normal and Saiha is one of the most peaceful districts of Mizoram. The people of Saiha are peace loving and law abiding. The NGOs also assist police in ensuring healthy crime free environment.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

.Table 1.4 : District over view

Feature Unit Value Topographic Location Latitude 22.48°N Longitude 92.97°E Geographical Area Sq. Km 1399.9 Normal Rainfall mm 260 Forest Cover Sq. Km 1119.92 Major River Beinô, Tisih, Haosaino etc... Major Soil Type Black soil, Re d Soil, Sandy soil,Sandy loams Administrative and Legislative Units Base Year Unit Value RD Blocks 2015 No. 2 Villages 2015 No. 53 Village Councils (GP) 2015 No. 92 Police Stations 2015 No. 2 No. of Assembly Constituencies 2015 No. 2 Health U nits No. of Medical Institutions 2015 No. NIL District Hospital (Gov’t) 2015 No. 1 District Hospital (Non-Gov’t) 2015 No. 1 PHC 2015 No. 4 No. of Sub-Centres 2015 No. 22 No. of AW Centres(including mini) 2015 No. 126 Veterinary Units No. of hospital 2015 No. 1 Dispenseries 2015 No. 3 Rural Animal Health Centers 2015 No. 7 Artificial Insemination Centres 2015 No. 2 No of Vety Doctors 2015 No. 9 No of VFA/SVF/JM/JEO etc 2015 No. 7 Literacy Rate Saiha District 2011 % 90.01% Transport National Highway 2015 Km. 85.60 State Highway (PMGSY) 2015 Km. 141.13 Village Road 2015 Km. 87 Rural Road 2015 Km. 126.7 Forest Road 2015 Km. 5

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

1.5 REGIONAL SETTING & LOCATION:

1.5.1 Location and Linkage.

Saiha town is one of the headquarters of MLA Constituencies and the capital Town of Saiha District. It is located in the Southern part of Mizoram. It has good opportunity for economic development for having hinter resource areas covering 6 villages. Saiha Town is linked by NH 54 and goes on to Aizawl, the State Capital, which is the most important link road of Mizoram to other states of the country. The nearest railhead is at Bairabi which is 513 kms and is connected by road. Now, the Government is taking initiative for border trade with Myanmar under Act East Policy. Figure 2 Location and Linkages.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

1.6 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.6.1 Geography

Saiha is the administrative headquarters of Saiha district. It is the third largest town in Mizoram after Aizawl, the state capital and Lunglei. Tuipang, Zawngling, Phura, Niawhtlang and Chapui are the other sub-towns in Saiha district..

1.6.2 Geology :

As described by the Geological survey of India (Engineering Geological Division- Shillong) in August 1995, the general geology of Saiha urban area is represented by a repetitive succession of arenaceous and argillaceous sequence of sedimentary rocks of Tertiary-age(7 to 38 m.yrs) which were later folded and faulted into north-south heading anticlines and synclines. The rocks types exposed in the area are mainly green Shale, siltyshales and mudstone etc. belonging to Bhuban formation of Surma group.

1.6.3 Soil :

The soil of Saiha area is not identified particularly, meanwhile the soil of Mizoram as a whole are well drained except in few flat land and capable of providing sustenance for plant growth. The soil have capability to retain moisture and maintain its supply throughout the growing season of normal crops.

1.6.4 Climate :

Mizoram lies under tropical climate and experience moderate temperature and rainfall. Saiha Town is in the Southern part of Mizoram, having warm-wet in summer and cold dry in winter. It has congenial climate and mild temperature. During summer, it received heavy amount of rainfall due to the influence of south-west monsoon. May is the warmest and hottest month of the year and during winter December, January and February are the driest/coldest months of a year. There is a little moderate difference between summer and winter, when during winter, the temperature varies from 11o C to 18oC from 18oC to 29oC in summer.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

1.6.5 Rainfall:

The whole of Mizoram lies under influence of south west monsoon and north eastern monsoon. Mizoram receiving heavy amount of rainfall during the monsoon season. The rainfall received from the month of June to September is 60-80% of the annual rainfall. A little rainfall experienced in the month of December and January due to the influence of South east monsoon. Usually, the Southern parts of Mizoram due to the influence of south-west monsoon. Saiha Town located in the southern most part of Mizoram and received heavy rainfall. The average annual rainfall is around 2030 mm.

Rainfall Data : 2014 (Saiha District)

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

1.6.6 Humidity: Saiha Town has a climate of humid tropical characteristic by short winter and long summer with heavy rainfall which increased toward southern region due to south west monsoon. So, Saiha Town area has higher humidity than the northern parts of Mizoram.

1.6.7 Flora and fauna

The District is rich in Floran Fauna which are abundantly available in Palak Lake’s, Forest Reserve, Tokalo Wildlife Sanctuary and high altitude mountains of Azino, Mawma, Salyu, Tlialtu and Kahrie.

1.6.8 Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Saiha one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[2] It is one of the two districts in Mizoram currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

1.6.9 Divisions

The district has 2 R.D. Blocks, Saiha also known as Siaha and Tuipang also known as Tipa V. The 2 assembly constituencies in this district are Saiha and Tuipang.

1.6.10 Demographics According to the 2011 census Saiha district has a population of 56,574, roughly equal to the island of Greenland. This gives it a ranking of 628th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 40 inhabitants per square kilometre (100/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -7.34%; the only district in Mizoram to have decreased population. Saiha has a sex ratio of 979 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 90.01%. However, This is due to shifting of Sanagau RD block from Saiha District to Lawngtlai District. The majority of the district inhabitants are Mara people, who also have an autonomous district council called Mara Autonomous District Council composed of the two R.D. Blocks of Saiha and Tuipang; the Lai people, on the other hand, are the main inhabitants of Sangau R.B block, which is part of the Lai Autonomous District Council.

1.6.11. SAIHA DISTRICT POPULATION 2011 In 2011, Saiha had population of 56,574 of which male and female were 28,594 and 27,980 respectively. In 2001 census, Saiha had a population of 61,056 of which males were 31,242 and remaining 29,814 were females. Saiha District population constituted 5.16 percent of total Maharashtra population. In 2001 census, this figure for Saiha District was at 6.87 percent of Maharashtra population. 1.6.12 Saiha District Population Growth Rate There was change of -7.34 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Saiha District recorded increase of 34.80 percent to its population compared to 1991.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

1.6.13 Saiha District Density 2011 The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that density of Saiha district for 2011 is 40 people per sq. km. In 2001, Saiha district density was at 44 people per sq. km. Saiha district administers 1,399 square kilometers of areas.

1.6.14 Saiha Literacy Rate 2011 Average literacy rate of Saiha in 2011 were 90.01 compared to 82.90 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 92.64 and 87.34 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 87.12 and 78.46 in Saiha District. Total literate in Saiha District were 42,233 of which male and female were 21,861 and 20,372 respectively. In 2001, Saiha District had 40,983 in its district.

1.6.15 Saiha Sex Ratio 2011 With regards to Sex Ratio in Saiha, it stood at 979 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 954. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 932 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 961 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data.

1.6.17 Saiha Child Population 2011 In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Saiha. There were total 9,653 children under age of 0-6 against 11,191 of 2001 census. Of total 9,653 male and female were 4,997 and 4,656 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 932 compared to 961 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 17.06 percent of Saiha District compared to 18.33 percent of 2001. There was net change of -1.27 percent in this compared to previous census of India.

Table: 1.5 Population Compositions Description 2011 2001

Actual Population 56,574 61,056 Male 28,594 31,242 Female 27,980 29,814 Population Growth -7.34% 34.80% Area Sq. Km 1,399 1,399 Density/km2 40 44 Proportion to Mizoram Population 5.16% 6.87% Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 979 954 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 932 961 Average Literacy 90.01 82.90 Male Literacy 92.64 87.12

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Female Literacy 87.34 78.46 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 9,653 11,191 Male Population (0-6 Age) 4,997 5,706 Female Population (0-6 Age) 4,656 5,485 Literates 42,233 40,983 Male Literates 21,861 21,990 Female Literates 20,372 18,993 Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 17.06% 18.33% Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 17.48% 18.26% Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 16.64% 18.40% Description Rural Urban Population (%) 55.62 % 44.38 % Total Population 31,464 25,110 Male Population 15,853 12,741 Female Population 15,611 12,369 Sex Ratio 985 971 Child Sex Ratio (0-6) 947 908 Child Population (0-6) 5,857 3,796 Male Child(0-6) 3,008 1,989 Female Child(0-6) 2,849 1,807 Child Percentage (0-6) 18.61 % 15.12 % Male Child Percentage 18.97 % 15.61 % Female Child Percentage 18.25 % 14.61 % Literates 21,963 20,270 Male Literates 11,529 10,332 Female Literates 10,434 9,938 Average Literacy 85.77 % 95.10 % Male Literacy 89.75 % 96.09 % Female Literacy 81.76 % 94.09 %

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Table: 1.6 Social Group Compositions (Saiha)

Population Population Population

Name Status Census Census Census 1991-03-01 2001-03-01 2011-03-01

Mizoram State 689,756 888,573 1,097,206

Saiha District 34,900 47,084 56,574

1.6.17 Saha District Urban Population 2011

Out of the total Saiha population for 2011 census, 44.38 percent lives in urban (District headquarter) regions of district. In total 25,110 people lives in urban areas of which males are 12,741 and females are 12,369. Sex Ratio in urban region of Saiha district is 971 females as per 2011 census data. Similarly child sex ratio in Saiha district was 908 in 2011 census. Child population (0-6) in urban region was 3,796 of which males and females were 1,989 and 1,807. This child population figure of Saiha district is 15.61 % of total urban population. Average literacy rate in Saiha district as per census 2011 is 95.10 % of which males and females are 96.09 % and 94.09 % literates respectively. In actual number 20,270 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 10,332 and 9,938 respectively.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

1.6.18 Saiha District Rural Population 2011

As per 2011 census, 55.62 % population of Saiha districts lives in rural areas of villages. The total Saiha district population living in rural areas is 31,464 of which males and females are 15,853 and 15,611 respectively. In rural areas of Saiha district, sex ratio is 985 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio data of Saiha district is considered, figure is 947 girls per 1000 boys. Child population in the age 0-6 is 5,857 in rural areas of which males were 3,008 and females were 2,849. The child population comprises 18.97 % of total rural population of Saiha district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Saiha district is 85.77 % as per census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 89.75 and 81.76 percent respectively. In total, 21,963 people were literate of which males and females were 11,529 and 10,434 respectively.

1.6.19 Public Infrastructutre& Services:

Human Resource Development requires the removal of several social, economical, infrastructural and other issues such as; poverty, poor economic opportunities, social deprivation, etc. The objective is to provide each individual the opportunity to live a long and healthy life participating in the development process as real agents of change. Provision of safedrinking water is one of the major aims that all households can avail by 2020. This will help in reducing water borne diseases.

1.6.20 Infrastructure & Services, Nutrition Service :(ICDS) Anganwadi Centres

To improve health and nutritional status of children and mothers along with enhance the capability of mother to looks the normal health & nutritional needs of child through proper nutritional and health education, 126 AWC functioning in Saiha district.

Table: 6 ICDS Service Centre's and Infrastructure SL.No Facility Saiha block Tuipang block Total Number 1 Anganwadi (including mini) 60 66 126

1.6.21 Infrastructure & Services, Education The district has one college which has only arts stream and there is only one Gov’t Higher secondary school.The district is having 212 PS & UPS, 70 secondary and Higher Secondary schools.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Under Saiha Block P/S No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management PS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 34 1457 1375 2832 127 99 226 2 State Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Council Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Council Aided 5 172 186 358 15 11 26 5 SSA 13 437 441 878 51 42 93 6 Church 1 273 275 548 1 14 15 Private Unaided 4 351 343 694 13 18 31 Total 57 2690 2620 5310 207 184 391 UPS No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management UPS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 8 266 240 506 56 22 78 2 State Government 13 375 336 711 93 26 119 3 Council Deficit 5 309 324 633 27 20 47 4 Council Aided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 SSA 9 76 92 168 16 19 35 6 Church 1 168 189 357 6 6 12 7 Private Unaided 1 23 16 39 3 2 5 Total 37 1217 1197 2414 201 95 296 PS with UPS No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management UPS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 State Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Council Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Council Aided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 SSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Church 1 158 183 341 6 8 14 Private Unaided 9 1241 1209 2450 42 62 104 Total 10 1399 1392 2791 48 70 118 Total of Saiha Block No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management PS/UPS/PS with Boys Girls Total Male Female Total UPS 1 MADC 42 1723 1615 3338 183 121 304 2 State Government 13 375 336 711 93 26 119 3 Council Deficit 5 309 324 633 27 20 47 4 Council Aided 5 172 186 358 15 11 26 5 SSA 22 513 533 1046 67 61 128 6 Church 3 599 647 1246 13 28 41 Private Unaided 14 1615 1568 3183 58 82 140 Total 104 5306 5209 10515 456 349 805

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Under Tuipang Block P/S No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management PS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 44 1526 1540 3066 195 91 286 2 State Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Council Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Council Aided 2 92 99 191 8 5 13 5 SSA 13 556 497 1053 54 26 80 6 Church 2 84 67 151 3 8 11 Private Unaided 3 107 108 215 8 6 14 Total 64 2365 2311 4676 268 136 404 UPS No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management UPS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 7 223 275 498 51 19 70 2 State Government 14 389 422 811 97 27 124 3 Council Deficit 4 65 69 134 21 5 26 4 Council Aided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 SSA 16 258 242 500 42 31 73 6 Church 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Private Unaided 1 22 21 43 3 2 5 Total 42 957 1029 1986 214 84 298 PS with UPS No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management UPS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 State Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Council Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Council Aided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 SSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Church 2 120 120 240 12 11 23 Private Unaided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2 120 120 240 12 11 23 Total of Tuipang Block No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management PS/UPS/PS with UPS Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 MADC 51 1749 1815 3564 246 110 356 2 State Government 14 389 422 811 97 27 124 3 Council Deficit 4 65 69 134 21 5 26 4 Council Aided 2 92 99 191 8 5 13 5 SSA 29 814 739 1553 96 57 153 6 Church 4 204 187 391 15 19 34 Private Unaided 4 129 129 258 11 8 19 Total 108 3442 3460 6902 494 231 725

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Under Saiha Block SECONDARY No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management Secondary Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 State Government 3 154 191 345 17 7 24 2 Deficit 1 92 86 178 8 3 11 3 Adhoc Aided 6 226 267 493 25 16 41 4 RMSA 4 32 39 71 17 9 26 5 Church 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Private Unaided 10 384 320 704 52 23 75 Total 24 888 903 1791 119 58 177

HIGHER SECONDARY No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management Higher Secondary Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 State Government 1 327 320 647 13 13 26 2 Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Adhoc Aided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 RMSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Church 2 121 127 248 9 14 23 6 Private Unaided 2 127 114 241 6 8 14 Total 5 575 561 1136 28 35 63

Total of Saiha Block No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management Secondary/Higher Boys Girls Total Male Female Total Secondary 1 State Government 4 481 511 992 30 20 50 2 Deficit 1 92 86 178 8 3 11 3 Adhoc Aided 6 226 267 493 25 16 41 4 RMSA 4 32 39 71 17 9 26 5 Church 2 121 127 248 9 14 23 6 Private Unaided 12 511 434 945 58 31 89 Total 29 1463 1464 2927 147 93 240

Under Tuipang Block SECONDARY No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management Secondary Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 State Government 6 120 124 244 18 8 26 2 Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Adhoc Aided 2 36 25 61 9 5 14 4 RMSA 3 43 38 81 13 7 20 5 Church 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Private Unaided 1 37 36 73 6 1 7 Total 12 236 223 459 46 21 67

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

HIGHER SECONDARY No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management Higher Secondary Boys Girls Total Male Female Total 1 State Government 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Adhoc Aided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 RMSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Church 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Private Unaided 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total of Tuipang Block No of School Enrolment Teachers Sl No Management Secondary/Higher Boys Girls Total Male Female Total Secondary 1 State Government 6 120 124 244 18 8 26 2 Deficit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Adhoc Aided 2 36 25 61 9 5 14 4 RMSA 3 43 38 81 13 7 20 5 Church 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Private Unaided 1 37 36 73 6 1 7 Total 12 236 223 459 46 21 67

Table:8 Infrastructure and Service quality PHC and Rural hospital ( Health Institutions in the District 2011-12)

MEDICAL FACILITIES:

DH/ FRU - 1 Number of PHC -4 (Only 1 fully functional, rest nonfunctional) No. of Sub- Centres -24 No. of Clinic -7 Crude Birth Rate -25.36 Crude Death Rate -2.36 Infant Mortality Rate -54.78 (30 State) MMR - 8.16 (25 State) No. of Doctors -14 No. of Staff Nurse -35 No. of Health Supervisor -6 No. of Health Workers - 54

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

CHAPTER II SECTORAL DISTRICT PLANS/SCHEMES

2.1 Sectoral Districts Plans / Schemes

Saiha is one of the most Backward districts of Mizoram. The districts has always had very high growth potential, however it still remains undeveloped comparison to other districts. The district is lack of quality human and non-human resources, the various sectors have not been able to interlink too, thus leaving almost all regions of the district are poorly developed. We base our exercise on the premise that the annual plan for 2015-16 will achieve set targets and also converge with the objectives of the annual plan. Table6.1: Annual Plan 2015-16-Requierment Outlay (Rs. In Lakhs)

Sectors Requirement (Rs In lakh) Agriculture& Allied 635.48 Rural Development 375.26 Special area Programme 187.63 Irrigation & Flood control 335.26 Energy 167.63 Industry 75.05 Transport 412.79 Science, Tech. & Environment 275.05 General Economic Services 75.05 Social Services 1213.42 Total Resource Envelope 3752.62

2.2 Agriculture and Allied Sector: The Agriculture sector is playing a vital role in the development of the rural economy of the Saiha district. The following description envisages the detail activities and innovative schemes included in the district plan are: development of production & productivity rice, pulses, oilseeds, maize with cluster approach, diversification of cropping pattern, organic farming, management of Acid soils, seed village programme, farm mechanization, micro irrigation, farm field demonstration, training, exposure visit, development of infrastructure and farm extension programme.

There are four major constraints to agriculture development in the district. They can be broadly categorized as reachout capacity of the institution, physical constraints, technological constraints and financial / investment constraints. With proper capacity

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16 building and organizational arrangements physical and technological constraints could be minimized to achieve vision goals. The Projected outlay for the Agriculture and allied sector of Annual plan is Rs. 9048.87 Lakh

Needs Assessment and priority setting are essential to the successful planning and achievement of targets in all sectors. This will have an immense impact on Allied sectors in the coming years. Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries would play a vital role in the economy of Saiha. The Allied sectors must be taken into account while planning as they would result in the improvement of backward areas, efficient utilization of natural, financial and human resources, poverty reduction, hunger free society and increase in generation of income and employment. These sectors would be instrumental in the overall empowerment of farmers and rural and urban entrepreneurs and lead to holistic development of the district. Several steps would be undertaken for development in this sector. Opening up of new seed sales centers and timely supply of fertilizers and pesticides will facilitate higher productivity.

Table6.2: Proposed Outlay for Agriculture and Allied Activities Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Annual Plan 2015-16 Development Proposed Outlay (Rs. In Lakhs) 1 Crop Husbandry 243.43 2 Horticulture 81.06 3 Dairy Development 6.75 4 Animal Husbandry 54.04 5 Fishery 33.77 6 Cooperation 135.10 7 Agro Industry 101.32 TOTAL 635.48

2.3 Horticulture:

Horticulture sector in Saiha district has created a special recognition for vegetable production. Apart from vegetables, some fruits like Mango, Orange, Lemon, Banana, Guava, Jack fruit and Papaya are also under cultivation in the district. In few pockets spices like Ginger and Turmeric and in Floriculture Rose, Marigold, Tube rose and Anthodium are being grown by the farmers in the district. The present agro climatic condition, soil status, socio-economic and marketing scenario of the district are highly conducive for promotion of horticultural development in the district. The important vegetables grown by the farmers are Mustard, tomato, cabbage, chilly, Capsicum and Potato etc.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

2.4 Strategy:

• Basing on the Agro climatic and soil condition different Horticulture crops would be taken up for different areas • Fruit plants will be planted both in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions • Horticulture Nurseries in private sector would be encouraged including strengthening of government nurseries and farms • Protected cultivation like green house, shade net and mulching would be initiated and encouraged • Dissemination of latest technology through demonstration, training, workshops and exhibitions at Block and Sub-divisional level • Emphasis will be given on integrated pest management and Organic farming • For post harvest management, preservation activities of fruits and vegetables will be taken care of

2.5 Animal Husbandry:

The animal husbandry sector is one of the most important allied sectors which actually create a lot of income generation opportunities for all categories of farmers both in rural and urban areas. Even a land less farm holder can take an activity like dairy, goatery, poultry or piggery as an enterprise for income generation of his family. A slight change from traditional to commercial and integrated approach in rearing of live stock animals and birds can make a big change in family and district income

2.6 Rural Development:

Rural sector suffers from multiple disadvantages like high incidence of poverty, poor access to health care facilities, disguised unemployment in primary sector etc. Despite several efforts, these parameters continue to remain at high level causing distress in growth. During the 11th Five Year Plan, it has been planned to adopt various strategies to create more gainful employment, improve economic condition, and better standard of living. This will result in improving social and economic infrastructure to the rural people and providing universal access to basic minimum facilities. Strategy: • Rural Infrastructure development • Supply of drinking water and total sanitation • Providing sustainable source of livelihood • IYA/RHA

Outlay: To achieve these objectives through the above strategy a sum of Rs.300.00 lakh has been proposed under various rural development related plans and schemes for the Annual Plan 2015-16 including rural employment.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

2.7 Rural Employment Table6.3: Proposed Outlay for Rural Employment Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Development Annual Plan 2015-16 Proposed Outlay Rural Development 1 National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) 26.27 2 MGNREGS 228.91 3 RD programme (DRDA Admin., IWMP ) 120.08 Total 375.26

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): The objective is to provide livelihood security to rural households by providing at least 100 days of wage employment (unskilled manual work). The details are presented below:

1. To strengthen food security and to improve nutritional status of unemployed and underemployed households by providing 100 days of employment to each BPL family willing to work 2. To optimize resources available under all the development programmes operational at the Panchayat level and to provide best possible and meaningful option for convergence/dovetailing of all such programmes 3. To derive maximum benefit in favour of the rural poor specially with regard to generation of employment opportunities both in terms of wage and self employment, through creation of need based optimum infrastructure at the Panchayat level in the short term and develop self sustaining robust Panchayat economy in the long run 4. To create necessary infrastructure in the following categories i.Water conservation and drought proofing including afforestation ii.Land development iii. Flood control and protection measures (including drainage in water logged areas) iv. Rural connectivity

2.8 Special Area Programme:

Removal of regional disparities has been emphasized during various plan periods. In fact, inter district disparity has become pronounced due to several factors such as differences in endowment of natural resources, creation of infrastructure, occurrence of natural calamities etc. To address these issues special area development programmes have been framed. The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under this sector is Rs.150 lakh.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

2.9 Irrigation & Flood Control:

Half of the potential flat land within Saiha District could not utilised for WRC due to absence of irrigation house. Development of irrigation has been accorded prime importance during the 12th Plan. However, recently, the approach towards irrigation has undergone a sea-change not only in the district but in the state as well. Emphasis is being given on sustainable water resource management through watershed development approach and water users’ association. This participatory approach will be taken to develop the sector in best possible manner. During this annual plan period, multiple approaches will be undertaken to increase both potential creation and utilization of irrigation areas. The proposed required plan is 300.00 Lakh.

Table 6.4: Irrigation and Flood Control Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Development Annual Plan 2015-16 Proposed Outlay (Rs. In lakhs) 1 Lift irrigation 224.92 2 Minor Irrigation 110.34 Total Irrigation & Flood control 335.26

2.10 Energy:

Among the prime inputs energy has always been a major thrust area as far as infrastructure is concerned. This is crucial for the economic development as well as overall well-being of the people. Increase in power generation has cascading effects on all sectors leading to increased growth in agriculture, industry et al. Generation and supply of energy at affordable prices has always remained a great challenge. Both conventional energy and non-conventional sources of energy have been of considerable importance to fulfill the growing demands in the district. Domestic as well as commercial consumption of energy has increased over the years. Several successive plans and schemes have been implemented since last few years. The proposed plan for the Energy sector is Rs.150.00 lakhs for the year 2015-16. Table6.5: Proposed Outlay for Energy Sector Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Annual Plan 2015-16 Development Proposed Outlay (Rs. In lakhs) 1 Power 92.58 2 Non conventional sources 75.05 Total Energy 167.63

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

2.11 Industries and Minerals: The district is known for industry and minerals at the state and national level. With the initiatives of Govt. for the promotion of MSME, it is expected that small enterprises in shape of SSIs would come up in the district in the coming years. For different small scale industries as well as for the promotion of textiles and handloom, measures would be taken in the plan period with the proposed outlay of Rs.60.00 lakh for the year 2015-16.

Table6.6: Proposed Outlay for Industries & Minerals Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Annual Plan 2015-16 Development Proposed Outlay (Rs. In lakhs) 1 Village & Small Scale Enterprises 48.03 2 Textile/Handloom 0.38 3 Sericulture 26.64 Total 75.05

Promotion of Handicraft and cottage Industries: The objective of the scheme is to impart training in handicrafts as well as carpet weaving in different training centers by providing stipend to the trainees, wages to Master Craftsmen, raw materials and house rent of the training centers.

Promotion of Handloom Industries: The objective of the scheme is to popularize handloom consumers by organizing exhibitions, festivals, workshops, exposure visits, technology demonstration, fairs, seminars and other such activities within and outside the district and state.

2.12 Transport:

Good infrastructure gives an area, zone or district an upper edge for attracting investment and mobilization of funds into the district. With the onset of liberalization an efficient transport infrastructure has become a necessity to enable the district to be a major player in the domestic and international markets through the transfer of goods produced specifically in the district to centers where they can be directed towards prospective national and international markets. The proposed Annual plan outlay for the year 2015-16 is Rs.330.00 lakh. Apart from above mentioned schemes/programmes, importance has been given to roads and transport sector through BRGF and MGNREGS schemes.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Table6.7: Proposed Outlay for Transport Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Annual Plan 2015-16 Development Proposed Outlay (Rs. In lakhs) 1 Agri Link Roads 165.12 2 Rural Roads 119.70 3 Village Road 86.69 4 PMGSY 41.28 Total 412.79

2.13 Science, Technology and Environment:

The proposed Annual plan, 2015-16 for the Science, Technology & Environment is Rs.60.00 lakh. Table:6.8 Proposed outlay of Science, Technology & Environment Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Annual Plan 2015-16 Development Proposed Outlay (Rs. In Lakhs) 1 Information & Technology 30.02 2 Interfication of forest 100.00 management (IFM) 3 Forestry Integrated 145.00 Management of F&W Total 275.05

2.14 General Economic Services: The Directorate of Economics and Statistics is mandated to cater to data needs of various government organizations and academic institutions. It is currently engaged in conducting various studies and surveys including state income estimation, capital formation, employment, annual survey of industries etc. For the General Economic Services, proposed requirementannual plan for the year 2015-16 is Rs.60.00 lakh. Table6.9: Proposed Outlay for General Economic Services Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Development Annual Plan 2015-16 Proposed Outlay (Rs. In Lakhs) 1 Tourism 15.01 2 Civil Supplies 7.50 3 MLALADS 22.52 4 MPLADS 7.50 5 Special Problem Fund 22.52 Total 75.05

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

2.15 Social Services:

The objective of education is to empower people with skills, knowledge and positive attitude in order to have respectable sources of livelihood. It aims at reducing illiteracy rate and providing sound qualifications that can be put to use in practical field. Skill up-gradation and knowledge enhancement is possible through liberal and technical education. Elementary education has been the centre of focus since independence. The goal of universalization of elementary education has not so far been realized due to the inability to successfully handle local problems and identification of the issues and solutions in context to the situation of the district. To address various issues on quality education, multi-grade and multi-situation activities need to be incorporated in the plan to deal with problems. The proposed Annual plan for Social Services is Rs. 1050.00 lakhs for the year 2015-16. Table 6.10: Proposed Outlay for Social Services Sl. No Major Heads/Minor Heads of Annual Plan 2015-16 Proposed Development Outlay (Rs. In Lakhs)

1 General Education 341.49 2 Sports 65.67 3 Youth Services 26.27 4 Culture 19.70 5 Medical & Public Health 294.03 6 Water supply & Sanitation 105.07 7 Housing 203.58 8 Development of SC, ST, OBC & Minorities 52.54 9 Child Labour 6.57 10 Social Security & Social Welfare 59.10 11 Women & Development of Child 39.40 Total Social Services 1213.42

SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA):SarvaShikshaAbhiyan (SSA) is one of flagship programmes of Government of India. Its main objective is for the achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner. SSA is being implemented in partnership with State Governments to cover the entire country. The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants. Besides this, schools with inadequate teacher strength are being provided with additional teachers; while the capacity of existing teachers is

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16 being strengthened by extensive training, grants for developing Teaching-Learning Materials (TLM) and strengthening of the academic support structure at a cluster, block and district level. SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills. SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs. Recently SSA also included the objective to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide.

National Rural Health Mission: This scheme is under implementation in the district which seeks to provide effective healthcare to people through institutional means. Reducing maternal mortality is one of the key objectives of the NRHM. The mission pledges commitment to a series of health system reforms and community outreach processes upgrading peripheral health centers in accordance with quality public health standards, decentralizing technical functions to the Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANM) and motivating women and families at the community level through a combination of awareness raising measures and incentives to access services through and after pregnancy.

JananiSurakhyaYojana:JananiSurakhaYojanawas introduced in the district under the overall umbrella of NRHM, with the vision of reducing MMR and IMR and increasing institutional deliveries. JSY integrates cash assistance with antenatal care during the pregnancy period, institutional care during and immediate post–partum period in a health center by establishing a system of coordinated care by field level health workers.

National Vector Born Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)-Malaria: Vector borne disease like Malaria &Filaria pose immense public health concern & continue to be the major causes of significant morbidity & mortality in the district particularly malaria in Saiha. These diseases are prevalent both in rural & urban areas. For malaria control, health department distribute impregnated mosquito nets to people. Health Department regularly providing need based training to the field functionaries to raise their knowledge and skill. Times to time awareness programme and malaria campaign are also organized at district, block and village level.

National Leprosy Eradication Programme: The objective of this programme is to eliminate leprosy by detecting all the cases of leprosy from the community and bring them under Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) to achieve the goal of leprosy elimination in every block by 2020. Due to successful implementation of this programme the rate has been drastically reduced one or below one case per 10,000 populations (.98 %), so as it will no more be public health problem. It is mandatory for the field workers should deliver better service and honestly perform their duty. Leprosy rate is gradually decreasing in this district. The year wise status leprosy is reflected in the table.

Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme: The National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is being implemented with the objective to provide free

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16 and domiciliary treatment to the patients detected having TB. The objective of this programme is to establish a strong & efficient health delivery system to ensure prompt diagnosis, adequate treatment, regular & comprehensive monitoring and supervision system to minimize the chances of tuberculosis and provided DOT for cure and normal health.

Immunisation: District medical team provides equitable, efficient and safe immunization services to all infants and pregnant women in all areas. District official helps to strengthen the micro planning processes in all block PHCs and Sub Centres and urban areas. They also closely worked for better coordination; materialize operational guideline, strengthening supervision practices and prioritising poorly performing blocks and under served populations, reducing drop outs and missed opportunities, fixed day fixed site, integration with private sector.

Mobile Medical Unit: The district Mobile Medical Unit addresses the needs of the unserved and underserved areas and during epidemic situations. The team also tries to minimize the gaps in the service delivery, conduct regular health checkup camps etc.

National Programme for Control of Blindness: The main objective of the programme is to control and eliminate blindness from the Society. This programme has been implemented in the district with this objective.

2.16 Rural Water Supply & Sanitation

Sanitation is a basic necessity that affects everyone's life. Proper disposal of household waste is important to prevent feco-oral and vector borne diseases. The Rural Water Supply & Sanitation organization implements rural drinking water supply programme by utilizing the outlay under Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP), Special Central Assistance (SCA)andSwajaldhara and centrally sponsored Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). Besides implementing the schemes and programmes, both these organizations provide emergency support service during natural calamities. For the successful implementation of community-based and demand responsive programmes such as Swajaldhara and Total Sanitation Campaign, Orissa State Water and Sanitation Mission, a registered society under the aegis of Rural Development Department, was constituted and established.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

CHAPTER III: SWOT Analysis

3.1 District SWOT The district has its strength in different strategic development areas and through various measures, it has turned different weaknesses in to strength in certain areas which has benefitted people of the district and contributed to the overall development. Through consultation with different stakeholders at the district, sub-district and GP level, SWOT of district and different sectors are identified. The overall situation of the district is presented below which may not be equally applicable to all the blocks of the district. The perspective and annual plan is prepared to turn around the identified weakness in to strength, tapping opportunities for the development of the people and minimizing the threat through appropriate measures. SWOT of the district and different sectors / development focused areas are presented below and sectoral SWOT given in the matrix.

Strength: As the district is one of the most backward region and it has no strength at all as compared to other districts in the state.

Weakness: Poor and inadequate irrigation facilities, power supply, frequently pest infestation, inadequate extension service and fragmented holding affected to production of the agricultural crops and vegetables. Inadequate support for creating awareness, poor live stock management practices and poor proportion of indigenous breeds affected to milk production. High siltation of water bodies, insufficient water and poor scientific knowledge decrease scope of modern fishing. Rapid depletion of forest due to devastation of forest as a result of shifting cultivation. Quality education depletion due to lack of teacher appointed by government. Inadequate infrastructure, equipments and service facilities in health sector and highest in infant mortality rate are considered as the major weakness of the district.

Opportunity: Fund flow under centrally sponsored scheme like Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF), MGNREGS etc. can only help to reduce poverty.

Threat: As the central government has delinked BRGF from its support and if Mizoram State Government does not continue funding for the same, then it is going to be a disaster for the district.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Chapter IV: Resource Envelop

Saiha district is having 2 blocks. The block wise detail outlay status is placed on the availability of resources in the district. The district plan for the year 2015-16 has been formulated on the basis of the proposals received from line departments as per the requirement in different areas. As such the requirement of funds during the aforementioned period exceeds the proposed outlay for the district.The block wise outlay is based on requirement as well as realistic assessment of the availability of resources, distributed over different blocks in the district. Total proposed outlay for the rural areas is estimated for the Annual Plan 2015-16 (Proposed outlay is presented in Table). However, details of resource flow of each Block from all sources are given in Annexure.

Table 5.3: Resource Envelop of the District by Major/Minor Heads (Rs. In Lakhs) Sl no Major Heads/Minor Heads of Development Annual Plan 2015 - 2016 Proposed Outlay 1 2 3 I. AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES Crop Husbandry 243.43 Horticulture 81.06 Dairy Development 6.75 Animal Husbandry 54.04 Fishery 33.77 Cooperation 115.10 Agro Industries 101.32 Total - Agriculture & Allied Activities 635.48 II. RURAL DEVELOPMENT Special Programmes for RD 255.18 Rural Employment 120.08 Total Rural development 375.26 III. SPECIAL AREAS PROGRAMMES (i) Backward Region Grant Fund(Backward Districts/ Area Fund) 99.44 (ii)Grants Under Provision to Article275(1) 35.65 (iii)Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub-Plan 52.54 Total Special Area Prog. 187.63 IV. IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL 1. Minor Irrigation 224.92 2.Lift Irrigation 110.34 TOTAL Irrigation & Flood Control 335.26 V. ENERGY Power 92.58 2. Non-conventional Sources of Energy 75.05 Total Energy 167.63

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

VI. INDUSTRY & MINERALS 1. Village & Small Enterprises 48.03 1 Textile 0.38 iv) Sericulture/coir/wool 26.64 Total Industry 75.05 VII. TRANSPORT 412.79 VIII. SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 275.05 IX. GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES Tourism 15.01 Civil Supplies 7.51 MLALADS 22.52 Special Problem Fund 7.51 MPLADS 22.52 TOTAL General Economic Services 75.05 X. SOCIAL SERVICES General Education 341.49 Sports 65.67 Youth Services 26.27 Culture 19.70 Medical & Public Health 294.03 Water supply & Sanitation 205.07 Housing 203.58 Development of SC, ST, OBC & Minorities 52.54 Child Labour 6.57 Social Security & Social Welfare 59.10 Women & Development of Child 39.40 Total Social Services 1213.42 GRAND TOTAL 3752.62

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Chapter V: Convergence Plan

Convergence is understood as Optimum use of available resources for common outcome, minimise the resource gap and reduce the duplication of activity. In order to align the demand and supply situation, it would be obvious that many departments will Sbe interested for convergence for a higher output. This will enable them to realise significant benefits and enhance the development impact. For this to happen, it is essential that the policy and convergence frameworks allow different schemes to function in a collaborative manner rather than competing with each other or with a standalone approach. So, an enabling policy environment for convergence is highly essential like that of MGNREGA. Some of the areas of convergence specifically with reference to MGNREGA and other schemes would be a shift from mere wage employment to sustainable rural livelihoods; from unskilled to skilled labour through knowledge & technology input, training & capacity building of the job card holder, water-use efficiency in the excavated / renovated tanks, backward–forward linkages around the created productive asset base like tanks/ponds & other feasible productive infrastructure, land development of small and marginal farmers in rain-fed areas etc. Different schemes being implemented by different departments having convergence potential with other schemes. Expected areas of convergence with other schemes are presented in the matrix.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Table12.1: Expected Areas of Convergence of Different Schemes

Sn Department / Functions Expected Schemes Secor Convergence Areas 1 Agriculture 1. To identify location 1. Technical 1. RashtriyaKrisiVikasYojana [ATMA,KVK, specific needs of farming knowhow. [RKVY]. ICAR, OUAT] community for farming 2. Agriculture 2. Integrated Watershed system based convergence Management Project (IWMP). Agricultural planning. development. 3. Capacity building of 2. To set up priorities for farmers. sustainableagricultural development with 4. Service & resource farming systems dovetailing approach. 5. Agriculture 3. To draw plans for performance production based system monitoring. activities to be 6. Promote farm undertakenby mechanisation. farmers/ultimate users. 7. Support input 4. To execute plans through subsidy. linedepartments, 8. Promote seed traininginstitutions, replacement. NGOs, farmers organizations and allied 9. Agriculture institutions. Infrastructure supports. 10. Agriculture marketing support. 11. Agro-enterprise promotion support 2 Horticulture 1. Horticulture promotion 1. Technicalknowhow. 1. National Horticulture Mission through horticultural 2. Horticulture plan. area expansion. 3. Capacity building of 2. Promotion of fruit farmers. crops, vegetables, 4. Services & spices, floriculture etc. resources. 3. Dissemination of 5. Monitoring. technology 6. Support input subsidy. 7. Agro-enterprise promotion 3 Animal 1. To augment milk 1. Technical support 1. Fodder development – seed Husbandry production 2. Vaccination/ distribution. 2. Fodder development deworming 2. Training to unemployed educated 3. Infrastructural support 3. Infrastructural youths support 3. Strengthening milk production 4. Capacity building infrastructure 5. Enterprise development 6. Fodder farming 7. Market facilitation 4 Fishery 1. Fishery development 1. Inland 1. Construction of fish lending 2. Welfare of the fishermen fisherypromotion centres 2. Credit to fishery 2. Credit to fisher

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

3. Infrastructure support cooperatives cooperatives 4. Market promotion 3. Training / 3. Market promotion through buyer- awareness seller meet 4. Water log area 4. Training / awareness development 5. Inland fish promotion 5. Insurance for 6. Brackish water fish promotion marine fishermen 7. Fisheries extension 8. Development of post-harvest infrastructure 9. Cluster development in brackish water culture 5 Irrigation & 1. Increase irrigation 1. Repairing lift 1. Integrated Watershed Flood Control coverage irrigation points Management Project (IWMP). 2. Water management 2. Improvement of 2. Block Area 3. Drainage & flood control tanks Development Programme 3. Fish farming in renovated tanks 4. Promotion of WUA / PP 6 Forest and 1. Improving forest 1. Self-employment 1. Grafters / Gardeners training Environment coverage training on grafting 2. Bamboo sector infrastructure 2. Promoting livelihood of & gardening development forest dwellers 2. Infrastructure for 3. Nursery raising as enterprise forest resource based crafts. 3. Decentralised nursery raising through SHGs 7 Education 1. Development of 1. Pre and post 10th 1. SSA education with special scholarship 2. RMSA focus on girl child 2. Girl child enrolment education and education 2. Promotion of educational 3. Vocational trainings infrastructure 8. Health & 1. Improve health status of 1. Training / 1. National Rural Health Mission Family the people awareness 2. National Tuberculosis control Welfare 2. Rendering quality health 2. Medicines free of programme services cost 3. Strengthening health 3. Health infrastructure infrastructure 4. Health status 4. TB and malaria improvement in tribal eradication areas 5. Family planning measures 9 Social 1. Empowerment of women 1. Training & 1. ICDS Welfare and children and their rehabilitation of [Women & improved quality of physically Child living. challenged Development] 2. Social security coverage 2. Training of women to aged, disabled and 3. SHG promotion other sections 4. Capital fund support to SHGs 5. Girl child education 6. Monthly pension 7. ICDS for women & child health &nutrition

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

10 ST/SC Welfare 1. Social and economic 1. Pre and post 10th 1. Pre matric & post matric mainstreaming scholarship scholarship 2. Promotion of education 2. IEC on tribal 2. Supply of reading materials including girl child welfare 3. Legal aid to atrocity victims education programmes 4. Coaching for civil services 3. Legal & social security of 3. Educational SC/ST training 4. Financial support 5. Legal advisory & support 6. Vocational training 7. Infrastructure for ST students 11 Rural water 1. Providing safe drinking 1. Operation 1. Accelerated rural water supply & water to the rural people &maintenance of supplyprogramme sanitation 2. Operation and tube wells. 2. Rural pipe watersupply maintenance of water 2. Pipe water supply 2. Rural sanitation programme supply system to the villages 3. Ensuring quality of 3. Awareness on services sanitation 12 Science & 1. Popularisation, improved 1. Weather 1. National e-Governance project Technology application and information to governancestrengthening farmers through science and 2. Market technology information tofarmers 3. Vocational training ofyouths 3. Promotion of self-employment

Table 12.2: Areas of Convergence of Different Missions-HH & Community SN Missions Areas of Convergence 1 National -Training farmers through farmers Horticulture -Rejuvenation programme for old/senile plantations, organic farming, creation of water Mission sources, post-harvest management, marketing, and creation of new gardens, women farmer and SHG members. -A mix of either and/or cooperatives (NDDB pattern), incorporated companies, individual entrepreneurs, State Government undertakings, or any of the recognised agencies are involved for ensuring proper delivery. 2 National -Awareness programme in village sanitation, safe drinking water, AIDS campaign and other Rural Health health related issues at Panchayat/Block level. Mission -construction of household toilets, and other healthcare delivery programmes.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Chapter VI: District Vision: 2020

6.1 Introduction and Background:

The vision of the district is wide-ranging and in agreement with the prevailing situation and existing potential. It encompasses key factors that influence the life of the people directly or indirectly at different degrees. The district vision balances and amalgamates all the divergent views [views gathered from different sections at district level] and blended suitable for the fulfilment of the aspiration of the people of the district. The vision of the district is framed based on the assessment of ground realities and future possibilities. The vision looks to by-pass the limitations the district has been experiencing, fulfilling emerging gaps and overall strategy to deal with the present and expected future challenges capitalizing upon the prevailing opportunities and potentials. This vision may not fulfil all these criteria to the full satisfaction, but it can serve as a useful starting point and foundation for contemplating future possibilities and desired destiny for the people. It can serve to indicate the broad lines of strategizing policy implementation by which the district can emerge as a prosperous district in the coming years. The district vision is prepared based upon many ideas gathered during consultation and interaction process with district level people and stakeholders. This vision is neither a prediction of what will actually occur, nor simply a wish list of desirable but unattainable ends. Rather, it is a statement of what people believe is possible for the district to achieve, provided the district continue to receive fund under BRGF – human, organisational, technological and financial – generate the requisite will and make the required effort. In formulating the vision, it was important to see beyond the limitations the district experienced in the past and attempt made to rediscover the potentiality / opportunities the district is having.

6.2 District Vision:

The district Saiha has a unique ethnic culture and population as well as rich in natural heritage. “The mission for Saiha is to have “Efficient utilization of resources available and fund received for ensuring comprehensive development of the district for enhancing the quality of life for citizens.”

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Goals of the District

• Reduce the proportion of people living below the poverty line in urban and rural areas • Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women, marginal farmers and young people • Reduce school drop out rate and to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education • Reduce IMR,whichare presently highest in Mizoram. • Reduce Total Fertility Rate and increase sex ratio • Reduce incidence of malnutrition and anemia • Achieve universal access to reproductive healthand make available of adequate services and facilities. • Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases • Achieve double cropping per year in the district • Reverse the loss of natural resources, and reduce bio-diversity loss. • Increase the reach of access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation • Ensure availability of means of transport and communication • Ensure reach of electricity to every household • In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications • Promotion of Public Private Community Partnership in each sectors • Better utilization of major and minor minerals and forest resources of the district • The district is opened to establishment of industries which is environment friendly and generating employment to rural.

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

6.3 Vision: Agriculture: Broad Vision-2020: Agriculture Increase in production of the main crops and up-liftment of social status and self respect of the common farmers of the district. Improvement of quality of produce Increase production of various food items. Bring diversification in cropping system Improve/assure credit linkages Increase employment generation through agriculture. Capacity development of Farmer Development of marketing system. Raising average per capita income.

6.4 Vision: Horticulture:

Broad Vision-2020: Horticulture To generate 30%of the total income of 60% farming community of the district through horticulture Self sufficiency in vegetable seed production Rational development of irrigation potential in the district

6.5 Vision: Fishery: Broad Vision-2020: Fishery To increase fish production of the district To increase per capita fish

Stocking of fingerlings /yearlings and optimum utilization of resources Creation of new water bodies and renovation of existing tanks of departmental farms as well as private sector Imparting training of skill up gradation for modern scientific culture Increasing the catch efficiency in capture fisheries Creating a good marketing policy To give self employment to educated unemployed youth To facilitate involvement of Women SHG in pisciculture to increase their income and livelihood

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

6.6 Vision: Animal Husbandry Broad Vision-2020: Animal Husbandry By the year 2020, the district would be self- sufficient by increasing production of milk, meat, egg along with exporting ability. The per capita consumption of milk, meat, egg would be enhanced as per the ICMR recommendations. There would be well equipped veterinary institutions with all latest facilities and District Diagnostic Laboratory and a District Training Centre with hostel facilities Services will be made available at the doorstep of each farmer and complete eradication of animal’s diseases. Instead of mineral water, Breed up-gradation through Artificial Insemination. Prophylaxis and eradication of animal diseases through intensive Vaccination programme Fodder cultivation to minimize cost of production Awareness and Capacity Building camps are to be organized intensively. Wide publicity of various departmental activities advanced farming Organizing Health Camps and Mass Vaccination Programmes Interaction among farmers to put away with primitive trend of farming and generate acceptance for new techniques like Artificial Insemination, Scheduled Vaccination etc. The local SHGs would be encouraged into taking up the concerned activity like poultry, dairy etc. • More training courses, motivation, demonstration to the farmers shall be organized • Attract private entrepreneurs to invest in the sector through proper marketing of the demand

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

6.7 Vision: Irrigation: Broad Vision-2020: Irrigation The department would contribute at least 30% of the district irrigated area through irrigation project Achievement (100%irrigation) by creating village wise irrigation.

Participatory irrigation management (P.I.M.) has to be experienced to be a useful mechanism to ensure involvement of cultivators Formation of Water Users Associations (WUA) and their involvement in operation and maintenance of schemes, finalizing the cropping season, settlement of minor disputes arising out of irrigation water supply etc.

6.8 Vision: Soil Conservation: Broad Vision-2020: Soil Conservation Conservation of soil and water in a ridge to valley manner. Specific and need based training programme, awareness campaigns for the stake holders under self help groups and users groups for their sustainable income generation. Ensuring calendar of operation in executing Natural Resources Management (NRM) works in order to provide regular and assured employment to the stake holders. Priority watersheds will be treated under specific schemes considering the basic objective of the schemes. Emphasis will be laid on wide publicity, community mobilization, orientation training with innovative methodology for the stake holders for successful implementation of the watershed projects. Active participation of the watershed stake holders for bottom up planning and to achieve better transparency in scheme implementation.

6.9 Vision: Textiles Broad Vision-2020: Textile The weavers will be capable to give recognition of Textile business according to its art and craft outside the District or State. Increase the production and the marketing Popularize the goods in the national and international market Strengthen the weavers cooperative Arrangement of marketing. Construction of a Handloom Complex at Saiha

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

6.10 Vision: Industries and Mining Broad Vision-2020: Industries and Mining Induce resource-based industrialization Setting up of industrial corridor Scope for integrated development schemes Utilization of minor water resources Environment friendly industry

6.11 Vision: Education: Broad Vision-2020: Education Primary Education • To achieve 100% literacy covering all sections of the population • To achieve 100% enrolment of all children in school • Ensuring 100% enrolment would require all these children to attend school. This would also include children across all the ethnic groups. • To impart quality education to all children. Quality would include quality teaching and physical infrastructure of the schools like providing basic amenities like toilet, seating arrangement, drinking water etc. Secondary and Higher education, Vocational training • To improve the quality of education imparted in all Middle/Higher Secondary schools and ensure better results. • To improve HSLC and HSSLC pass percentage • To provide for better personality development of students • To bring in computer literacy and awareness. To cover all the high schools and colleges in the district under computer education • To ensure better enrolment of boys and girls in medical/ Engineering Colleges/IITs and ensuring better results in civil services examinations • To develop further the potential of technically trained youth (passed from ITIs etc) for absorption in industrial and related jobs. • All educational institutions should have a permanent building with basic facilities like drinking water, electricity and toilets, specially separate toilets for Girls • To increase the attendance of children especially girls it was necessary to establish crèches and child cultural centers • Establish a science park in the district to orient students towards science • Supply sports equipment to schools and Aanganwadi centres and build sports facilities at the level of the district to enable talented children advance • Establish residential facilities for teachers in every village so that they can stay there and do their work

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

6.12 Vision: Health and Family Welfare: Broad Vision-2020: Health and Family Welfare The number of beds to be increased in district and the block level hospitals in phase manner so as to cover the increasing population of the district The hospitals are to be upgraded to a modern hospital with individual complete department such as medicine, surgery etc. with ICU (Intensive Care Unit) with beds, dialysis unit, C.T. Scan machine, gastro copy machine with monitor, temporary Pacemaker facility , ventilation support for O.T. and ICU. Causality department with resuscitation facility and above all increase in the number of working doctors and other staff. To ensure 100 % immunization coverage and IMR to minimum level.

6.13 Vision: Drinking Water and Sanitation: Broad Vision-2020: Drinking Water and Sanitation Provide safe drinking water to all habitations Provide all schools with safe drinking water Ensure proper maintenance of existing sources To promote low cost water filtration techniques using locally available materials All schools should have drinking water facilities

6.14 Vision: Sports Broad Vision-2020: Sports To enhance the name and fame of the district in sports The hidden talent to be explored Conversion of General talents to Quality sports persons. To produce mentally and physically developed sports persons

6.15 Vision: Electricity: Broad Vision-2020: Electricity To electrify all villages by 2020 and to provide un-interrupted power supply to each and every consumer Strengthening of distribution system, up-gradation of sub-transmission and distribution network

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

6.16 Vision: Forest and Environment: Broad Vision-2020: Forest and Environment Protection of natural resources, checking degradation, de-forestation and loss of bio-diversity Ecological restoration and environmental conservation and eco- development Improve quality of life and self-sustenance aspect of people living in and around forest area To promote timber production in private land along with socio-economic development of treegrowers Regeneration and eco-development of degraded forests and adjoining areas on water-shed basis Augmentation of availability of fuel wood, fodder and grass Conservation and improvement of non timber forest produce such as bamboo, cane and medicinal plants Raising of nurseries for valuable timber and medicinal species

6.17 Vision: Urban Development

Broad Vision-2020: Urban Development Development of the Highways for one-way traffic movement Exploration and development of new areas for residential purposes Improvement of housing facilities Adequate facilities for solid waste management with dumping grounds Construction of complete drainage system Construction of an inter-state bus terminus Introduction of City bus service Development of Park with boating and recreational facilities Construction of Public Hall Construction of multi-storied market structure

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16

Table12.3: Expected Areas of Convergence of Different Schemes SN Name of Objective of Service Area of Schematic Target Benefit of Dept. & Scheme Entitlement convergence convergence group convergence Scheme/ t with other Program department A Watershed A1 BPAP Drought Constructed farm pond, Pisciculture, Fishery, All the All the Prevention plantation, Animal watershed technical Animal resources and members persons share rearing, development, their Agriculture Cultivation knowledge and Horticulture A2 IWMP Soil & Water Pisciculture, Fishery, All the All the Conservation plantation, Animal watershed technical Animal resources and members persons rearing, development, share their Agriculture Cultivation knowledge and Horticulture B Rural Employment B1 MGNREGS Provide Scope of earth work as Provide Integrated Daily Create more 100days well as plantation, wages those forest wage no. of job work to rural construction check are job card protection of labour opportunity , people those dam, diversion wire etc holder forest dept, no. of water are seeking bodies, un skilled communication work facilities and Proper utilisation of waste land through plantation B2 NRLM Strengthen Financial or physical Subsidy given Technical Poor and The project will the assistance given to support venerable be more livelihood of individually or a group beneficiaries provided by community, effective and poor and through the financial , free animal those are successful with resource, below venerable agency for self infrastructure facilitation of Dairy poverty line community dependant technical development, in rural areas support by Fishery, resource Watershed, persons of Horticulture different dept. etc. department C Social Security & Social welfare C1 ICDS Reduction of Provide supplementary Referral NRHM has Pregnant & Rural poor child feeding to child & Service, Provide health lactating people can get malnutrition mother, Immunisation Village service and mother, free health and mother to infant & child, free Health transportation children service , health check-up, health check & Nutrition facilities to below 6 child & Day(VHND). patient, those years mortality immunisation Provide free are referred. through rate medicine to ICDS referral patient, from Chief 44

Integrated District Plan: SAIHA 2015-16