AREA : 3500 Ha

Project Cost : 525 Lakhs

Thingthelh, Bukpui.

Prepared by, BDO, Thingdawl.

1 INDEX

CHAPTER Page No. 1. Introduction ------3 2. Project Profile ------8 3. History of Project Villages & ------13 Basic Information 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ------15 5. Problem Typology ------16 6. Project Intervention Plan ------19 7. DPR Plan Abstract ------20 8. Preparatory Phase. ------21 9. Work Plan Details ------22 10. Consolidation and Withdrawal Phase. ------24 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified ------25 12. Institutional & Capacity building Plan ------26 13. Basic Profile of the project location ------28 14. Maps of the project ------29 15. Institutional mechanism& Agreements. ------33 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA. ------34 17. PIA & Watershed Committee details. ------35 18. Convergence Plans. ------36 19. Expected Outcomes. ------38 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes. ------40 21. Monitoring & Evaluation. ------41 22. Plan, Estimate & Drawing ------42 23. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP.------54 24. Beneficiary Card Sample ------55

2 1. INTRODUCTION:

The natural resources management becomes more and more important for economic growth and development of the rural people. The once potential land became degraded due to inefficient management thereby, decreasing its productivity. Further degradation should be prevented with multi-dimensional approaches and its development requires scientific, holistic and innovative approach. Unprecedented population and cattle pressure and demands of Society on scarce land, water and biological resources and the ever increasing degradation of these resources is affecting the stability and resilience of our ecosystem and the environment as a whole. The expansion of human settlement and infrastructure, intensification of Agriculture, expansion of agriculture into marginal areas and fragile ecosystem emphasizes the need for integrated planning and management of resources. Most of the rural population depends on shifting cultivation for their livelihood. Shifting Cultivation is practiced by clearing forest areas. The previous year’s jhumland is kept fallow for 5- 6 year’s depending on the area available for cultivation for each village. Shifting Cultivation results in burning of large areas of forest including those that are not required for cultivation thereby destroying forest cover, there are fewer trees and shrubs to decrease the flow of water, hence only the top soil becomes wet leading to increased runoff speed of rain water resulting in low underground water table. Those natural springs we have that we so proudly say never runs dry have now become dry during the winter months. The water we have left barely meets the requirement for human consumption not to mention those required for irrigation of farmland. The thinning forest cover decreases moisture content of the soil making it unsuitable for plantation of trees and crops. Temperature also increases considerably because of this. Our once fertile lands will soon become deserts if we do not put a stop to shifting cultivation soon.

Each watershed area under the project is a micro level effort to achieve the objective of watershed programme through treating under productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefits of the rural poor and landless. This project adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, co-operatively identify the resources issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solution that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

3 The objective of the project will be:-

1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis, keeping in view the capacity of land, local condition and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e. land, water and vegetative cover 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of assets created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed. 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the village. Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below:-

1. First Tier-Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment

(a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation: Under IWMP farmers are encouraged to practice permanent farming in compact areas. All the areas which were previously used for cultivation will be left fallow and in due course of time natural forest growth will be regenerated.

(b) Afforestation: Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipitation/rainfall, increased underground water table.

(c) Prevention of soil erosion: Due to the hilly nature of and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the fertile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimum soil content in the runoff water.

2. Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment

(a) Construction of water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources: Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water can be used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season.

4 (b) Land Development: The areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided. (c) Gestation period treatment: The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier-Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.

3. Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment: (a) Wet Rice Cultivation & Mixed Farming: In places of permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2 – 3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land; therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market. (b) Multiple cropping: If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised. 4. Rural – Urban migration: Due to lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using IWMP this rural-urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.

5. Women empowerment: For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family.

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6. Provision of livelihood for Asset-less families: The Asset-less families will be provided with a scope of micro-entrepreneurship, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, Tin smithy, Petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.

7. Creation of Assets: Using IWMP Project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the responsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal charge will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.

8. Convergence with other Programmes: An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of and State Government will be opened for the Project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of fund. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.

9. Connectivity of the Project Area: Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease transportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance works done per day per person since time for traveling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monitoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG-NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach. 10. Food Security: In many rural villages, the parents had to toil and sweats for their Children in order to give the family a food meal twice a day. Making both ends meet is as hand as a rock sometimes due to scarcity of wage employment and results

6 in lack of purchasing power. However, in order to make availability of food more secure for the family, the project will enhance the productivity of the land, increase the income of the family and revitalize the welfare of the family so that there will be food scarcity .

11. Disaster Risk Reduction Approach: Whenever there is any developmental activities in hilly areas, landslips, erosions and road blocks rise. Their ugly heads causing devastating destructions, sometimes results in Landslips and hungers and also natural calamities like Drought, Wild Fire, Airborned and Waterborned diseases. This project, as far as practicable, will address to reduce the risk of disaster due to developmental works by construction of Check Dams, Retaining Walls, Flood control works and control of free flowing rain waters by way of construction of contour lines, bundings, terracing etc. to decrease the run off speed of rain water and utilize all available water in a meaning way for enhancing productivity.

7 PROJECT PROFILE

KOLASIB : IWMP - III

Name of Watershed : Middle - I, 3c2b4a1a, Middle Tuirial - II, 3c2b4a1b, - V, 3c2b2c2a, Serlui – VI 3c2b2c2b,

Area of the project : 3500 Ha Cost of the project : 525 Lakhs (a) Central Share : 472.5 Lakhs (b) State Share : 52.5

Villages to be covered

(a) Thingthelh (b) Bukpui :

DRAINAGE Sl Drainage System Description No. 1 Eastern Drainage The whole district of Kolasib id divided into two Sub-Catchments according to the Watershed atlas of India. The drainage lines falling in the eastern side of this are termed as eastern drainage systems. These include Tuirial drainage system and Serlui drainage system. Tuirial river originates from north Chawilung hill in district and flows northward till it enters of . It also formed the district boundary between Kolasib and in the eastern side. Important perennial streams like Lugndai lui, Tuisen lui, Keitum lui, Tuiritai lui and Hachhe lui join Tuirial river before it confluent to in Cachar district of Assam. Ser lui originates from Serkhan village in the southern part of the district and flow northward till it meets Tuirial in Cachar district of Assam. It has many incoming tributaries of which the important ones are Chem lui, Saihapui lui, Builum lui and Pualtawk lui. Pualtawk lui is fed by smaller tributaries like Teidulzawl lui, Teidung lui and Ramri lui. Saihapui lui originates near Bilkhathlir town in the northern most part of the district and flows northwards. Chem lui is an important tributary of Serlui which confined to the northern part of the district. It originates from khawserhsang tlang near North

8 Bualpui village in the central part of the district and flows northwards parallel to Ser lui till it confluents to it near Chawnpui village in the north. Builum lui is another important tributary of Serlui originating from Zobawk tlang near North Bukpui village 2 Western The drainage systems falling in the western side of the sub- Drainage catchment of the district are termed as western drainage systems. These include drainage system, Medium drainage sustem and Tuichhuahen drainage system. Tlawng river is one of the most important rivers of Mizoram and is the longest river in Mizoram. It passes through five districts of the state forming districts boundary lines while running along its course. Here also it formed a district boundary line between Kolasib and districts in the western side of the study area. Tlawng river, forming district boundary, enters the district from the south-west portion of district continue to flow up to the village in the western part of the district. A number of streams and rivulets join along this course and the important ones are Dur lui, Khuai lui, Tuitun lui and Damdiaitlangta lui. Medium lui drainage system which extends in the western part of the study area is characterized by dendritic to sub dendritic drainage patterns. The Medium lui originates from Khawserhsang tlang near North Kawnpui township. Initially it flows westwards and the north-west and again turned south-west direction till it meets the main river Tlawng. It has several tributaries which are of ephemeral in nature; the important ones are Dumkhel lui, Chhimluang lui, Kawnpui lui, Saibual lui ang Rasdali lui. Tuichhuahen lui drainage system is confined to the north-western portion of the district. Important tributaries are Saihapui lui, Sesih lui Rengte lui and Tuilut lui. Chhimluang lui originating near Chhimluang village in the northern most part of the district is another important stream and it forms the state boundary between Mizoram and neighbouring state of Assam.

9 LAND USE

Sl Class Description Area % No (Sq. Km) Build-up land is an area of human habitation, development due to non-agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and communications, utilizes in association with water, 1 Build-up land : 12.27 0.89 vegetation and vacant lands. includes five towns namely Kolasib, , Bairabi, Kawnpui and North Thingdawl and 38 Villages. These are lands primarily used for farming and for Agriculture Land production of food, fiber and other commercial

: horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated, plantations etc.) KHARIF crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation areas located in the low lying plains. 2.1 Kharif 24.93 1.80 2 Majority of the kharif crop lands are found in the north and northwestern part if the district. This class includes areas, which is being utilized for plantation of cash crops. They include a variety 2.2 Plantation of agricultural / horticultural plantations, of which 1.25 0.09 the prominent ones are Coffee, Arecanut and Citrus woodlands. This class includes natural forests, which are not disturbed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation and other human activities. The crown Forest density of this class is very thick. The forest cover 134.10 9.70 3.1 Dense type of Kolasib District is mainly tropical wet evergreen and tropical semi-evergreen forest associated with moist deciduous forests. 3.2 Medium The forests that have a crown cover neither too 114.25 8.26 Dense thick nor too thin are classed under this category.

The forest under this category has a thin crown cover. This type of forest included forest, which were once disturbed and affected by biotic factors like shifting cultivation and human activities. 14.8 3.3 Less Dense These forests are characterized by those lands 204.94 3 where shifting cultivation had been practiced and then left fallow for over a year; the resultant new vegetation of which, regenerated to form new forests. Moist deciduous bamboo forests are found to be distributed throughout Kolasib district. It is mostly 47.5 3.4 Bamboo found in low – lying areas near streams and rivers. 657.40 5 3 It constitutes the largest cover among the land use classes. 3.5 Forest Forest plantations are distributed throughout the 6.30 0.46 Plantation district. Some has large coverage while most of

10 them have area below the minimum mapable unit. The prominent forest plantations are Rubber, Teak (Tectona grandis) and Gamari (Gmelina arborea) It is a traditional practice of growing crops on Shifting forested/vegetated hill slopes by slash and burn Cultivation 4.1 method. These are associated with 64.41 4.66 Current Shifting mountainous/hilly areas amidst forest cover and Cultivation forest cleared areas. 4 These are areas that were under shifting 4.2 Abandoned cultivation, left idle for more than one year but less Shifting than three years thereby giving scope for the 136.03 9.84 Cultivation regeneration of the secondary vegetation especially bamboo or grasses. These lands are generally prone to generally occupy topographically high locations, excluding 5 Scrub land 17.62 1.27 hilly/mountainous terrain. They possess sparse vegetation with thin soil cover. This category comprises areas with surface 6 Water body water, either impounded in the form of ponds, 9.01 0.65 lakes or flowing as streams and rivers etc. TOTAL 1382.51 100.00

11 The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.

Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (dec)

Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361

Sources: AH&Vety Department

Area & Production Major crops (2009-2010)

Sl Name of Crop 2009-2010 2010-2011 No Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Ha Ha Cereals: 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses: 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed: 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of Oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G. Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT 2. Increase productivity in WRC 1.7 - 2.5 MT/Ha 3. Increase productivity in Jhum 0.92 – 1.2 MT/Ha 4. Farm Power Availability 0.25 – 0.75 KW/Ha 5. Fertilizer consumption 42.07 – 60.00 Kg/Ha 6. Seed Replacement 30% in Paddy and 40% in Other crops 7. System of Rice intesification 500-3,000 Ha

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HISTORY OF THE PROJECT VILLAGE

THINGTHELH VILLAGE

Thingthelh is a village under Kolasib District having a total population of 562 including 293 male and 269 female persons. The village is also called Bungtlang. As practiced by the Mizos what is known as ‘Jhum Cultivation’ is very popular and still in practiced. They slash down the jungle, burn the trunks and leaves and cultivate the land. All their other activities revolve around the jhum operations. Here in the village the popularity of farming could be seen where 127 number of household have depended on it for living. As development activities proceeded apace in order set foot in the fast changing world, the village now have established one Primary School and one Middle School. The village is blessed with spring sources which in named Darnam, Jordan lui, Dengi nu tuikhur, Bunghnuai tuikhur.

BASIC INFORMATION Population Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 293 2 Female 269 Total 562

Occupation 1 Cultivation 127 2 Government Services 13 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 6 4 Livestock farming 115 Total 261

Educational Status 1 Primary School 1 2 Middle School 1 3 High School - 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 2

Spring/Water sources 1 Hmawngkul lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 2 Darnam lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 3 Denginu lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 4 Tuiritai lui Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 Gravity water pipeline Greatly decrease during dry season

13 BUKPUI VILLAGE Bukpui is a village under Kolasib District having a total population of 1804 including 953 male and 851 female persons. As on today the total household is 263. The neighbouring villages are Chaltlang and Thingthelh. It is 64 kms from its main city Aizawl. Like other rural village, farming is the main occupation of the inhabitants of Bukpui. The crops sown mostly are rice, chilli, corn, oranges, betel nut, lemon and oil palm. Their main source of water is from Char Lui. Scarcity of water is commonly felt during the dry season. Spring sources of water is found at Darnam, Minmawng, Cement tuikhur and Builum.

BASIC INFORMATION Population Sl.No Total Population 1 Male 953 2 Female 851 Total 1804

Occupation 1 Cultivation 206 2 Government Services 57 3 Business/Micro Entrepreneur 7 4 Livestock farming 254 Total 524

Educational Status 1 Primary School 2 2 Middle School 1 3 High School 1 4 Higher Secondary School - Total 4

Spring/Water sources 1 Darnam Greatly decrease during dry season 2 Minmawng Greatly decrease during dry season 3 Cement tuikhur Greatly decrease during dry season 4 Builum Perennial but decrease during dry season 5 Tuirial Perennial but decrease during dry season 6 Serlui Perennial but decrease during dry season

14 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and indigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementing, monitoring and post- withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakeholders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping, and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionnaires. Various tools like Matrix ranking, Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation), Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers. FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need- a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP. f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.

In view of the above points, none of the above items except Sl /No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needs are actually what they want to have. Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme. a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Construction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.

15 PROBLEM TYPOLOGY 1 2 3 4 S. Proposed interventions to over come Problem area Problem analysis No problems

Soil Soil lost is immense due to direct rain Soil and moisture conservation will be done Conservation drop resulting in soil erosion, by way of construction of farm ponds, dug- (slope, destruction of vegetative barrier, out ponds, terracing, bench terracing, half 1 erosion, soil decreased rainfall. Top soil loss moon terrace, contour trenching and loss, rainfall, decreases fertility of the land planting trees, shifting cultivation will be productivity , resulting in less productivity. controlled. etc)

Decrease in vegetative barrier In order to utilize every drop of water in a Water resulted in high run off speed of rain meaningful way, all the streams in the conservation water and less chance of recharging project area will be tapped to irrigate farm (water budget, water table. Direct sun light also land. Rain water will be harvested in farm 2 Ground water decreases the moisture content of the ponds, dug-out ponds and water harvesting norms, soil. Once perennial streams become structures to recharge the ground water productivity) ephemeral. content. Check dams will be constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams.

Practice of shifting cultivation Permanent farming will be introduced in the Crop coverage destroyed crops and vegetative project area by three tier system. Canopy – { 80% of w/s coverage; Sporadic wild fire also areas will be treated to regenerate forest, in 3 area should be destroyed a vast portion of land the second tier horticulture will be with canopy} every year. Abandoned jhum land introduced; the third tier will be covered with increases resulting in less vegetative WRC and Terrace for Agriculture activity. coverage

Due to Loss of top soil, the The productivity will be enhanced by way of productivity of land decreases multiple cropping. Permanent crops will be tremendously, the productivity of land introduced in slope areas, during the in case of paddy is only 600 Kg per gestation period seasonal and annual crops Agriculture acre, which is almost 50% less than will be sown which will doubled the income productivity 10-15 years ago. The crop wise of the farmer. Organic manures will be used 4 (crop wise district average for major crops is as for enhancing the production as well as compare with below:- ensuring quality. Drip-irrigation will be dist. Average) S.No Project Area Dist provided to each farmer for irrigating crops. Average WRC areas will be provided with open or (a) Paddy–600 Kg/Ac 750 Kg/Ac pipe irrigation to enhance productivity and (b) Maize-800 950 Kg/Ac enable farmer to sow more than once in their Kg/Ac area. (c) Banana–700 1000 Kg/Ac Kg/Ac

Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture land with animals, draught animals and small proper management and technical inputs for ruminants. Lack of technical know livestock farming. Training at various Livestock how of animal management, identified institute to ensure growth and 5 productivity remoteness of the project area and productivity. Developing infrastructures for lack of financial support and production and marketing with logistic infrastructure. support.

16 No employment opportunities in the Organizing the people to form SHG’s and Existing project area to earn a living except in imparting training at various identified Livelihood jhum lands where weeding is institutes, Door-step training at local area for 6 activities for required. Lack of creativeness, Old-aged and handicapped persons. Asset less training and financial support for Developing infrastructures for production persons such persons. and marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, MHIP Training for CBO’s/ VO’s in order to enable Community and MUP are not aware of the them to facilitate the newly formed SHG’s Based importance of SHG’s and and federation for their growth and impart 7 Organisation & Federations and lack creativity and sense of ownership. Social capital innovative mind. base

Capacity There is no proper capacity building Capacity building will be held at regular Building and awareness campaign. intervals. In order to ensure mass- (participation, participation, the time and venue should be 8 awareness of notified in advance to all concerned. watershed community Due to the implementation of various In order to change the existing work-culture, employment generation schemes, comprehensive plan should be worked out to the people are used to earning their ensure better profits from works done by Work Culture livelihood easily without much toil each individual. Ensure market for each 9 of Labour and sweat. They became produce and induce the spirit of ownership force irresponsible and forget the Mizo of every work done. Every one should be work culture where every family is made to deliver considerable effort for his self-sufficient. and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. During the implementation of NLUP The Village Council in consultation with and MIP in Mizoram, community land Revenue Department, Government of available for jhuming was distributed Mizoram should declared the allotment of Land to every family at the rate of 4 Acres. land to those allotees null and void, and re- 10 ownership Even after the dis-continuance of the distribute the land to deserving families who Pattern programmes, the allotee usually are willing to take up the activities under claimed their land allotted to them IWMP. even if they could not look after it. Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made conscious of authorities could not formulate plans the importance of connectivity to the to connect every potential area with potential project areas. They will make fund Connectivity of roads to ease transportation of available for construction of road Watershed produces resulting in heavy burden connectivity under every available schemes. 11 Area and for farmers and cultivators. This will ease transportation of produces, Potential reduce the cost of transportation and market Areas price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets. Even though the produces of the Produces will be quantified at least three- locality is of small quantity, it became folded in each item to enable the farmers to too much for local consumption, but sell outside the locality. Transportation Marketing of too little for outside market. arrangement will be made at watershed 12 produces committee level to ensure that those produces reach the market within 24 hours.

17 Due to lack of storage facilities for Cold storage facilities will be applied in the storing Horticulture products in local concerned Department under the Storage of area, the products became rotten in where every 13 produces. a short span of time, then farmers beneficiary will deposit their produces before and cultivators not only losses but sending them to the market. are also demoralized. Bank officials will be made to participate Due to lack of Banking infrastructure more in the implementation of the project in remote villages, credit linkage and where they could fetch a good return. The banking assistance are out of reach dormancy of service area of each banks will 14 Credit Linkage for the rural populace. be made to revive, in return, the loanees will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loanees and SHG will be more profitable. Recent establishment of R-SETI at There are only a few training facilities Zemabawk, KVK Kolasib and Farmers and institutions for the rural artisans, Training Centre at Selesih will help upgrade even though the existing ones are the rural artisans, farmers and micro Lack of almost out of reach for them due to entrepreneurs. Sponsorship will be done Training lack of sponsorship and financial from training and capacity building fund of Infrastructure support for upgradation of skills. the project. Whenever possible, private 15 and trainers will be engaged to impart in – Institutional house/Door Step training to old aged Support and pensioner, widows and handicapped Sponsorship persons. Up-gradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets.

Focus will be set to those areas selected Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007, under the project to control wild fire, 2008 &2009, vast bamboo forest was controlled burning and watch of wild fire will Sparodic wild covered with dried bamboos. Some 16 be introduced. Comprehensive Plan will be fire miscreants used to set fire causing evolved at Village Level to create destruction of new young plants awareness. Village Level Authority will be coming up. encouraged to punish and fine those who caused such wild fire. 17 Time Due to lack of efficient time The PIA will be advised to opened a Site Management management, Valuable time have Office within his IWMP Project Area for been thrown away which could be better co-ordination with the Watershed utilized in an efficient manner if Committees, User Group, Self-Help Groups, management have been properly and the beneficiaries. All programmes of arranged training, awareness, capacity buildings and field visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.

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PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN

Thingthelh Bukpui TOTAL Sl.NO Name of works % Physical in Allocation in Physical in Allocation in Physical Allocation in No.& Ha rupees No.& Ha rupees in No.& Ha rupees 1 Preparation of DPR 1 1 267900 1 257100 1 525000

2 Entry Point Activities 4 3 1071600 2 1028400 5 2100000 Institution & Capacity 3 5 NA 1339500 NA 1285500 NA 2625000 Building Productivity 4 10 238 2679000 228 2571000 466 5250000 Enhancement Livelihood for Asset 5 9 214 2411100 206 2313900 420 4725000 less Natural Resources 6 56 1334 15002400 1280 14397600 2614 29400000 Management Monitoring & 7 2 NA 535800 NA 514200 NA 1050000 Evaluation 8 Consolidation Phase 3 NA 803700 NA 771300 NA 1575000 9 Administration 10 LS 2679000 LS 2571000 LS 5250000 TOTAL OF SL.NO (4,5& 6, PHYSICAL) 1786 26790000 1714 25710000 3500 52500000 FINANCIAL OVERALL

19

DPR PLAN ABSTRACT Rs in lakh Installment 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year TOTAL Component Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin

DPR (1%) 5.25 5.25

EPA (4%) 21 21

I&CB (5%) 5 2.625 26 13.125 10 4.85625 6 3.01875 5 2.625 53 26.25 Production System & Micro 23 5.25 70 15.75 70 15.75 70 15.75 233 52.5 Enterprise (10%)

Livelihood (9%) 21 5.25 63 15.75 63 15.75 42 10.5 189 47.25

Natural Resource 350 39.375 708 79.6688 708 79.6688 847 95.2875 2613 294 Management (56%)

Monitoring (1%) LS 1.05 LS 1.05 LS 1.05 LS 2.1 5.25

Evaluation (1%) LS 1.575 LS LS 1.8375 LS 1.8375 5.25

Consolidation Phase (3%) 15.75 15.75

Administration (10%) LS 2.625 LS 7.875 LS 14.175 LS 14.175 LS 13.65 52.5

TOTAL 5 31.5 421 73.5 851 131.25 847 131.25 964 157.5 525

20 PREPARATORY PHASE

KOLASIB DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF THE PROJECT : KOLASIB - III

Amount Estimated Name of Expenditure Expected Actual earmarked EPA Planned Cost Balance Village incurred outcome Outcome for EPA (in Rs.) 1006250 Constn of. Rural Godown 1006250 1006250 Nil 1 1 Thingthelh 65350 Constn of. Waitingshed 65350 65350 Nil 2 2

1006250 Constn of. Rural Godown 1006250 1006250 Nil 1 1 Bukpui 22150 Constn of. Waitingshed 22150 22150 Nil 1 1

Total 2100000 2100000 2100000 5 5

21

WORK PLAN DETAILS

Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work Phase (75%) : WORK PLAN DETAILS Rs in Lakh

Sl No. Watershed Development works (56%) 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total

(a) Afforestation 34 3.741 69 7.5685 73 7.9669 87 9.529 263 29.4 (b) Horticulture 34 3.741 69 7.5685 73 7.9669 87 9.529 263 29.4 (c) Land Development/WRC 34 3.741 69 7.5685 73 7.9669 87 9.529 263 29.4 (d) Soil & Moisture Conservation 16 1.772 33 3.5851 36 3.9834 44 4.764 129 14.7 (e) Others 10 1.063 15 1.5934 36 3.9834 44 4.764 104 14.7 Sub Total (a) 128 14.06 255 27.884 291 31.868 348 38.12 1022 117.6 i.Bench terracing 26 2.874 69 7.5685 73 7.9669 87 9.529 255 29.4 ii. Contour & Graded Bunds 1 16 1.772 33 3.5851 36 3.9834 44 4.764 129 14.7 iii. Earthen checks 7 0.788 15 1.5934 15 1.5934 17 1.906 54 5.88 iv. Gully Plugs/Loose boulders,. Etc. 7 0.788 17 1.8324 22 2.3901 26 2.859 72 8.82 Sub Total (b) 57 6.221 133 14.579 146 15.934 174 19.06 510 58.8 (g) Water Harvest Structure

i. Farm Pond/ Percolation tank 47 5.119 91 9.9586 109 11.95 131 14.29 377 44.1 ii.Rain Water Harvest Structure 18 1.969 33 3.5851 36 3.9834 44 4.764 131 14.7 iii.Community Water Tank 45 4.922 95 10.357 109 11.95 131 14.29 379 44.1 iv.Others/Gravitational Pipeline 18 1.969 25 2.7087 36 3.9834 44 4.764 123 14.7 Sub Total (c) 128 13.98 243 26.609 291 31.868 348 38.12 1010 117.6 Sub Total (a+b+c) 313 34.26 631 69.073 728 79.669 870 95.29 2541 294

22

Livelihood Activities for Assetless (9%)

No. of Beneficiaries on 2 farm activities 4 1.05 12.6 3.15 12.6 3.15 8.4 2.1 38 9.45 No. of Beneficiaries on off- farm activities 17 4.2 50.4 12.6 50.4 12.6 33.6 8.4 151 37.8 Sub Total (d) 21 5.25 63 15.75 63 15.75 42 10.5 189 47.25

Production System & Micro Enterprise (10%) Area/ Beneficiaries on Farm activities i. Sericulture 0.263 4 0.7875 4 0.7875 4 0.788 11 2.625 ii. Fisheries 0.263 4 0.7875 4 0.7875 4 0.788 11 2.625 3 iii. Beekeeping 0.263 4 0.7875 4 0.7875 4 0.788 11 2.625 iv. Micro- enterprise 7 1.575 22 4.725 22 4.725 22 4.725 72 15.75 v. Poultry 5 1.05 14 3.15 14 3.15 14 3.15 48 10.5 vi. Piggery 5 1.05 14 3.15 14 3.15 14 3.15 48 10.5 vii. Others 4 0.788 11 2.3625 11 2.3625 11 2.363 36 7.875 Sub Total (e) 20 5.25 72 15.75 72 15.75 72 15.75 236 52.5 Grant Total (a+b+c+d+e) 354 44.76 766 100.57 862 111.17 984 121.5 2967 393.75

* The share in each allocation will be 51% for Thingthelh and 49% for Bukpui.

23

CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE KOLASIB DISTRICT: MIZORAM

NAME OF THE PROJECT : KOLASIB - III : COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES TARGET ACHIEVEMENT Estimated Area Mandas Actual no Name of Activity WDF Treated Target Area under Estimate Expected no of Expenditure of WDF Village Proposed Contribu- under the activities Ha Expenditure Beneficiaries incurred Benefic- TOTAL WOMEN Collected tion the iaries activity

After completion of the Project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e. Gravity pipeline, Open – Irrigation Channel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be collected from the beneficiaries. MIS-TABLE-M(PA) C1

This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. This MIS-table is an Assets Register of the project; therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.

24

CAPACITY BUILDING INSITTUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN KOLASIB DISTRICT: MIZORAM Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization

1 State Institute of Rural Development Kolasib Mizoram State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management

Home Science, Animal Husbandry , Agriculture and 2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) , Mizoram Central Government allied subjects

Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) 3 Central Government Agriculture, Horticulture and allied subjects Kolasib, Mizoram

Rural – Self Employment Training Institute (RSETI) Carpentry, Handloom, Knitting, Embroidery, Handicraft, 4 Central Government Zemabawk, Mizoarm Shoe repair etc.

Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Science, 5 Industrial Training Institute (ITI), ITI Veng Aizawl State Government Handloom & Handicraft

6 Farmers Training Center, Selesih, Mizoram State Government Livestock farming & Management

7 Weaving Centre, Luangmual State Government Weaving & Handloom

25

INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN NAME OF THE PROJECT : KOLASIB – III Name of Institution & Activities identified Financial Fish Farmers Targeted Training Centre R-SETI Zemabawk & ITI Year Sl.N Name of Activity Target in SIRD Kolasib, ETC DWCDC Saiha & Beneficiaries Lengpui,KVK Saiha Saiha. Weaving Centre lakhs Pukpui SLNA Mizoram & Farmer Training Luangmual. Centre Selesih

1 PIA & WDT 4 1.05 Concept of IWMP Watershed 30 1.05 Concept of IWMP 2 Committee

3 SHG & UG 26 1.05 Concept of IWMP

I Mobilization of Resources Beneficiaries 26 1.05 Concept of IWMP Management & Convergence 4

5 PIA, WDT & WC 35 1.05 Concept of IWMP Sub Total 121 5.25

Formation of Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 35 1.05 1 SHG Management of products Formation of Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers 42 1.05 2 SHG Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Formation of Multiple Cropping & II 47 2.1 3 Production SHG Crop Husbandry Micro Entrepreneurs Formation of 63 3.15 Marketing, Skill 4 & Petty Trade SHG upgradation & Skill Watershed Formulation of Formation of 48 3.15 development 5 Committee Action Plan SHG 10.5 Sub Total 235

26

Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 16 0.39375 Formation of UG Resources Management of products 1 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers 31.5 0.7875 Formation of UG Resources Animal Husbandry 2 mobilization

Gardening & Crop Credit linkage and Multiple Cropping & IIII 52.5 0.7875 Formation of UG Production Resources Crop Husbandry 3 mobilization Credit linkage and Micro Entrepreneurs 39 0.7875 Resources Formation of UG Marketing, Skill 4 mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit linkage and development Petty Trade 34 1.18125 Resources Formation of UG 5 mobilization

Sub Total 173 3.9375

Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 0.7875 Resources Federation Management of products 1 16 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers 0.39375 Resources Federation Animal Husbandry 2 39 mobilization Credit linkage and Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & IV 2.75625 Resources Federation Production Crop Husbandry 3 69 mobilization Credit linkage and Marketing, Skill Micro Entrepreneurs Resources Federation upgradation & Skill 4 mobilization development Credit linkage and Petty Trade Resources Federation 5 mobilization Sub Total 124 3.9375

27

Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans Resources Management of products 1 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation and Livestock Farmers Resources Animal Husbandry 2 mobilization Credit linkage and Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & Resources Production Crop Husbandry 3 mobilization V Credit linkage and Micro Entrepreneurs 39 0.7875 Resources Marketing, Skill 4 mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit linkage and development Petty Trade 39 0.7875 Resources 5 mobilization Exit protocol, PIA & Watershed Consolidation of 42 1.05 withdrawal Committee Project 6 mechanism Sub Total 121 2.625 GRAND TOTAL 774 26.25

* The PIA of the Project and Watershed Committee concerned will sponsored trainees to KVK, FTC, R-SETI and ITI Aizawl as per the rate prescribe by the institution * PIA & WC are advised to arrange training at their locality for handicapped, old aged, widows etc by engaging trainers.

28 BASIC PROFILE OF THE LOCATION

Location of the watershed

Name of the district Kolasib Name of the Mandal/Block Thingdawl RD Block

Name of the Gram Panchayat (s) Thingthelh, Bukpui Name of the habitations Thingthelh, Bukpui

Longitudes 92°46’19” – 92°50’41”E Latitude 23°04’03” – 24°11’48”N

Elevation from MSL: Highest elevation in the Lowest watershed (above MSL) elevation in the 545 132 Relief/ Height difference (mt) 413 watershed (above MSL)

29 WATERSHED MAP

30 31 32 33 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS

District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.

Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.

Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.

34

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA

Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team (2) Independent and well versed with programme (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee

Weakness: (1) No permanent office building within the project area. (2) Project area is located about 1-2 hrs drive from his headquarter. (3) Over burdened with other schemes like MGNREGA, IAY, SGSY and Election Matters.

Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS

Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.

35

DETAILS OF PIA, KOLASIB - III Name BDO. Address Thingdawl. WDT Members: 1 VL Dawngkima 2 R.Lalmuankimi 3 C.Lalrammawia 4 Laljehomalsawmkima

WATERSHED COMMITTEES PROVISIONAL

WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Thingthelh

SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 President MUP

WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Bukpui

SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 President MUP

36 CONVERGENCE PLAN OF IWMP WITH OTHER SCHEMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the available to IWMP included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken with decision for with Schemes No Village due to convergence 15,000 per ha converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$

Fund will be ear MG-NREGA marked for this Connectivity to Potential Area purpose during No V/C

formulation of AAP under MG-NREGA. SHG under SGSY Existing activity will be enhanced with the project fund, Block/Village SGSY/NRLM and MKSP will be identified, No SGSY , NRLM and MKSP Fund. level under IWMP 1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the same, convergence of the two programmes relating to financial assistance will be as follows:

(a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary Thingthelh, under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000 approximately.

(b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under 1 IWMP is Rs.10950.

(c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one Bukpui NLUP WDF & User unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be Implementing charges, Collection assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and NLUP No Board & SLNA Centre. Selection of those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900

Crops. under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP will decreases gradually.

(d) The quantum of assistance to be received

from the two programmes shall not exceed

Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.

2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the selected

37 watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the

facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is

not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this

provision, necessary contribution as WDF and user

charges should be contributed by NLUP Watershed beneficiaries. Committee 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as collection level & Village Level centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop-one village theme.

38 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Expected Outcomes Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash-and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented. The major outcomes expected are – i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community. ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season. iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 50% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise. iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community participation in watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets. v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.

39 vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state. vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas. viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance. x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas. xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.

Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole.

40 EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sl Name of the Unit of Item Pre – project Status Expected Post-project Status Remarks NO Project measurement Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation Status of water table Metre season and treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 59 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 200 Ha will be irrigated by Increase in irrigation potential Ha tapping streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha 5000 1700 III) Area under double crop Ha 250 2355 1 KOLASIB - III IIIi) Area under multiple crop Ha 150 1204 Net increase in crop production area Ha 1000 5260 Increase in area under vegetation Ha 12800 42000 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 10412 13499 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 7513 7371 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 5 28 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 126 440 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 42000 Migration Persons/year 10 - SHG Federations formed No - 3 Credit linkage with Banks No - 28 Resource use agreements No - 10 WDF collection & management Rupees - 766500 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.

41 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)

Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan.

Goals of monitoring:

1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization.

Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans.

Goals of evaluation: 1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible.

For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:- i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.

There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators. Social audits will form an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWC&DC and will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.

42 PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc

(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.

(a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm

TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

43 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil

½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum

TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc. e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.

4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

44 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum

(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20

2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.

20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56

3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete

30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm

TOTAL = 1180 Rm

(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

45 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE

Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil

20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932

(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85

SAY = Rs.11280.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only

46 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED

1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum

(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum

2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.

6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm

(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96

3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.

6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum

(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00

4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating

3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm

(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.

47

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum

(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77

2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level

2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum

(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70

3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65

4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster

2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum

1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm

(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53

GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00

( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only

48

DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

1. DRAWING FOR GI WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS

HEART WOOD POST

30 M

40 M

GI WIRE

49

2. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY

SPACE FOR PIC HEART WOOD POST 1.20 X 1.80 2.40 m

3.60m

PLAN

GCI SHEET ROOF

0.90m

1.20 m

1.20 m

0.60 m

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

50

3. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK

1.80 m

BRICK WALL

1.20 m BRICK WALL

2.50 m

51

4. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED HEART WOOD POST

SPACE FOR CHICKEN 2.40 m

3.60 m

PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING

1.20 m

0.90 m G.L

0.90 m

FRONT ELEVATION

52

5. DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND

1.80 m

2.50 m

PLAN

G.L

BRICK WALL 1.20 m

PCC 1:2:4

ELEVATION

53

6. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE

TERRACE 1.20 12.60 X 1.20

0.30

12.60 m

HILL SLOBE

TERRACE

CROSS SECTION

54 MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP

I- TIER. RIDGE

AREA AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES

II- TIER Ephemeral HORTICULTURE Streams

CROP AREA become Perenial

SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING, HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.

III – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA

AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)

RIVER / RIVULETS

55 56

57