Grande Ronde From Model Watershed the 1114 J Avenue ▪ La Grande OR 97850 Archives ph 541-663-0570 ▪ fax 541-962-1585 Winter 2013 Board of Directors RRipplesipples Mike Hayward, Chairman The Flour Mills of Wallowa County Wallowa County Board of Commissioners by Lacey Moore, GRMW Mark Davidson, Vice Chairman in the According to the Oregon State Grande Ronde University Extension service, there were Union County Board of Commissioners R I V E R S U N I T I N G N E I G H B O R S . Q U A R T E R L Y N E W S F R O M T H E G R A N D E R O N D E M O D E L W A T E R S H E D 35,600 acres of wheat grown in Wallowa Laura Mahrt, Eastern Oregon University County in 1929, a figure nearly three times the amount grown in 2008. The harvesting Allen Childs, of grain for human and animal consumption Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Meadow Creek Restoration Project fueled the need for grist (grain) mills in the Dave Yost, Public Interest Representative county. The earliest mill, the Joseph Milling A Starkey Experiment Company, was opened in 1882, and the last Ted Taylor, Public Interest Representative by Jeff Oveson, GRMW to open, the Troy Roller Milling Company, Norm Cimon, Conservationist Representative Watershed. The primary objective was established in 1912. In all, eight mills with Chris Horn, ODFW; Mike Wisdom, USFS of the project is to improve summer of various sizes operated across Wallowa Larry Cribbs, Economic Development & Industry Pacific Northwest Research Station; Tim Del steelhead habitat by enhancing Representative Curto, OSU Agricultural Research Station; Joe County. The towns of Joseph, Enterprise, the quality and quantity of pools, Platz, USFS Wallowa, Lostine, Flora, and Troy all had Nick Myatt, Fish and Wildlife Representative increasing fish cover, and increasing sizeable mills. Two smaller working mills Since 1989, the Starkey habitat complexity. Habitat were located at Spring Creek and Parsnip Daryl Hawes, Private Landowner Representative Experimental Forest and Range (Starkey) on enhancements were achieved by Creek. The mills played a large part in Joe McCormack, Nez Perce Tribe USDA Forest Service (USFS) land 28 miles creating Wallowa County’s infrastructure; strategically placing large woody southwest of La Grande has been home to one citizen’s recollection was that “it was ABOVE: A photo of a burlap grain sack Kathryn Frenyea, Union Soil and Water Conservation District debris (LWD) in the form of trees, a multitude of research projects. Probably logs, and rootwads in combination not until a millrace was diverted from the used by Wallowa Roller Mills. Larry Nall, Private Forest and Landowners Wallowa River, a mill set up and a store result of the combustibility of flour dust- the most significant and comprehensive with large boulders used as ballast opened that the city of Wallowa amounted saturated air. Further to blame in causing Troy Abercrombie, EOU/OSU Student Representative research project, which has been simply to help secure the LWD. LWD to much.” Like the town of Wallowa, mill fires was the mills’ use of steam power Emily Spangi, FFA Student Representative labeled “The Starkey Project,” has looked installations occurred in 2012 and Lostine, Enterprise, and Joseph have flour and their largely wooden infrastructures. at the effects of ungulates on ecosystems, 2013. mills to thank for the establishment of the Both Wallowa County farmers including key questions about elk, timber, In the spring of 2013, first electrical plants in their cities. An and millers contributed a sizeable amount cattle, deer, recreational uses, and nutrient approximately three miles of advertisement in the November 11, 1909, of flour to the supplies sent to soldiers Staff Members flows on National Forests. Although streambanks were planted by hand, issue of the Wallowa County Chieftain overseas in World War I. Eventually, the the Starkey Project asked and answered including 8,500 deciduous rooted encouraging “Investors and Land Buyers” establishment of a national railroad system Jeff Oveson, Executive Director numerous questions, it was never really to move to Wallowa County reports that seedlings, 8,000 conifer seedlings, coupled with the development of economies intended to involve fish habitat restoration or Enterprise boasted the “best equipped of scale in large Midwest flour mills led to Lyle Kuchenbecker, Project Planner and 3,500 cuttings. The deciduous the evaluation and monitoring of restoration seedlings were protected as much flouring mill in Northeast Oregon.” the downfall of the local mill companies. Coby Menton, Monitoring Coordinator The flouring mills of this time The last mill to operate was the Wallowa efforts. as possible from drought. Drought Jesse Steele, Field Biologist Meadow Creek, a tributary of ABOVE: A helicopter picking up rootwads for transport to the were especially susceptible to fire, which Roller Mills, which shut down in 1960. protection involves placing sod at Meadow Creek project site for installation. Photo by USFS. is evidenced by the fact that fires destroyed Leigh Collins, Public Involvement/Education Coordinator the Upper Grande Ronde River and an planting sites, watering the trees twice three of the mills, and the Joseph Milling Information compiled from “The Forgotten important summer steelhead stream, runs during the first year, and adding soil and growth. Mason Bailie, Database Manager Company actually burned twice. The Flour Mills of Wallowa County” by Irene through Starkey for a length of more than moisture granules, shade cards, and tree How Do Ungulates Graze, and What vulnerability of flour mills to fire was the Locke Barklow Mary Estes, Office and Fiscal Manager eight miles. This stream has been enhanced mat placements. Small exclosures also were Effects Do They Have on Habitat with a three-phase habitat restoration project constructed on approximately 50 percent Lacey Moore, GIS Technician Restoration? implemented by USFS Fisheries Technician of the deciduous seedlings. In the spring of This newsletter is funded by the Joe Platz and his crew from the La Grande 2014, an additional 3.5 miles of stream will This habitat restoration work is Ranger District. The project was supported Bonneville Power Administration and be planted with 10,000 deciduous seedlings, not the only activity slated for Meadow Margaret McGladrey, by Bonneville Power Administration funds 12,000 conifer seedlings, and 5,500 cuttings Creek. Currently, Starkey is grazed by the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 8 Ripples Editor secured through the Grande Ronde Model using the same techniques to assure survival cattle, elk, and deer. To study the influence [email protected] of differential grazing, fenced exclosures method. CHaMP is used were built along Meadow Creek in summer by many groups around LEFT: A Fish screen shot of and fall 2013. These exclosures, each the Columbia River basin GRMW Mobile how the moblie approximately one hectare in area (2.47 to evaluate the status and application acres), represent a type of passive stream trend of salmon/steelhead Simple Data Collection will look when Online! restoration commonly used on salmon and habitat. The ODFW by Mason Bailie accessed on a trout streams known as riparian fencing. has integrated CHaMP cellular phone. Changes associated with these exclosures into its ongoing habitat The Grande Ronde Model The user in the will be monitored in combination with the monitoring program in Watershed (GRMW) has managed view screen is www.grmw.orgwww.grmw.org LWD installations and plantings. the Grande Ronde basin more than 400 projects since our Mason Bailie. During the last two summers, and can use the method founding in 1992. Located at www. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to assess stream habitat grmw.org/projectdb, our project Adult salmon counts at the dams database contains documents and (ODFW) research biologists along with conditions both before Snake River Basin stream flows Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center and after restoration. information about each of these and USFS Pacific Northwest Research They will be able to projects. The GRMW would like to Snow and precipitation reports Station (PNW) personnel have collaborated characterize the stream’s be able to monitor the status of these on the development of monitoring and responses to placement of projects every three to five years in Habitat enhancement projects an efficient manner that would not With GRMW Mobile, our staff evaluation protocols to assess changes LWD, riparian plantings, ABOVE: Meadow Creek project area. Map courtesy of ODFW associated with the above-mentioned USFS and alternative grazing require extensive data entry. To achieve members are able to collect geospatial Meetings, activities, and events data in the field and view this data restoration activities. treatments. CHaMP is particularly well suited this objective, we created a mobile on their computers as soon as they Past issues of Ripples and more! Ted Sedell and Chris Horn of In support of habitat restoration, to monitor changes in a stream’s physical application called GRMW Mobile return to the office. They now have ODFW Fish Research are monitoring both rehabilitation, and conservation action condition due to its detailed topographic that handles all of the data entry an interactive project database that fish abundance and distribution as well as performance assessments and adaptive survey method. ODFW staff use a total and organization for routine project contains geospatial data which can be physical changes to the stream associated management requirements of the 2008 station (similar to what road and building monitoring. displayed in a web browser, Google Grande Ronde with habitat restoration. The ODFW Federal Columbia River Power System surveyors use) to survey the stream Earth, or ArcMap. monitors juvenile summer steelhead and Biological Opinion (FCRPS BiOp), the and its flood zone, then use computer Why We Built It This functionality also Model Watershed spring Chinook salmon as well as adult Bonneville Power Administration is software to convert the survey to a 3D allows for us to share more exciting steelhead spawning in Meadow Creek. working with National Oceanographic and model. Developing the model before and GRMW Mobile is an information about each project. The ODFW’s specific objectives include Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and after restoration creates a picture of application that runs natively on Upcoming Board Meetings Whenever our project manager uploads comparing the distribution, abundance, other regional fish management agencies how restoration activities, such as large Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile. his data via GRMW Mobile, it becomes and density of juvenile salmonids with the to monitor fish habitat status and trends wood placement, change the physical It uses Global Positioning System immediately accessible to the public as The public is welcome to attend physical habitat of the stream. for each major population group (MPG) characteristics of a stream channel. (GPS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to capture data in the well. To monitor physical habitat in the Pacific Northwest identified through To look at fish, ODFW crews also attributes, the ODFW uses the Columbia the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Status conduct snorkel surveys each summer at field and upload it to the GRMW’s Tuesday, January 28: 5:00 p.m. Habitat Monitoring Program (CHaMP) monitoring provides information about CHaMP sites. Snorkelers count and estimate project monitoring server. The mobile What’s Next Wallowa Community Center the quantity and quality of current habitat sizes of all fish species but pay particular application allows users to link pictures 204 East Second Street and thereby maximizes spatial coverage attention to juvenile salmon and steelhead. and comments to specific data sets (i.e., What will we do with all of Wallowa, Oregon with a given number of sample sites. Trend By determining how many fish are present projects and restoration actions). Also, this data that we are collecting with monitoring is used to detect changes in at both restoration sites and non-restored because the majority of our projects our phones? By the time the next issue Tuesday, February 28: 5:00 p.m. Elgin Communtiy Center habitat through time and thus requires sites, the ODFW can determine whether are located out of range from cellular of Ripples is published, you will have service, GRMW Mobile can operate access to the GRMW Monitoring 260 N. 10th Street collecting repeat samples at given sites. restoration leads to more fish using those Elgin, Oregon Minimizing sampling and measurement sections of streams. They also can compare without the use of cellular signals. The section of our website. This section error is crucial in order to differentiate the physical habitat to the abundance of GRMW Mobile application can store will allow you to see the new data from this variability from natural variability fish to determine which characteristics are project information on the user’s phone all of our projects in the Grande Ronde through time and space. In order to compare important to fish. until a cellular signal or internet access Basin from your browser. You also will Meeting dates are subject to change. information across multiple MPGs, BPA All of ODFW’s monitoring looks is available, when it will upload all be able to download data from each Please call 541-663-0570 to confirm. is adopting the standardized fish habitat at restoration sites (i.e., treatments), non- gathered information to the GRMW’s project and view it in Google Earth or Thank you! ArcMap. ABOVE: Chris Horn and crew conducting a monitoring protocol, CHaMP, across the restored sites (controls), and sites outside database. habitat survey within the Starkey Project. entire Columbia River Basin. of Meadow Creek entirely (references). 2 7 in 2013 on Graves Creek and Little Graves is to create a diverse assemblage of native effort include water temperature, stream Creek. This phase was implemented plant communities that reflect site potential morphology (cross-sections and longitudinal RestorationRestoration onon GravesGraves CreekCreek by Hixson Construction, Inc., and Britt and contribute to the natural function, profiles, pebble counts, topographic data), Corporation and included the installation of resiliency, and stability of a self-sustaining adult steelhead spawning surveys, and by Travis Dixon , CTUIR Fish Habitat Technician, approximately 180 large wood complexes environment. Conservation easement presence/absence of juvenile fish snorkel Allen Childs, CTUIR Fish Habitat Project Lead, (LWD), which will facilitate bank planning incorporates the landowner’s desire surveys, and photo-points. The landowner Les Naylor, CTUIR Fish Habitat Assistant Biologist, stabilization, provide overhead cover for to enroll as much of the project area into also has provided access to the property and Jake Kimbro, CTUIR Fish Habitat Biologist fish, create low-velocity stream flows, and the CREP program as possible following for the CTUIR Fisheries Research and In 2010, the Confederated Tribes of diversify stream flow conditions to support completion of habitat enhancement efforts. Monitoring, and Evaluation Department, the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) in-stream habitat. The LWD structures will As part of the landowner’s larger the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Grande Ronde Fish Habitat Program provide in-stream control of streambank goal to enhance riparian conditions within Commission , and the Oregon Department initiated the Rock Creek Fish Habitat erosion and maintain optimal stream flow the Rock Creek drainage, a network of Fish and Wildlife to collect stream habitat Restoration and Enhancement Project to speeds. of springs will be developed through a and biological data on Rock Creek as part of address problems associated with historic Constructed riffles, or shallow partnership with the NRCS EQUIP program the Columbia Habitat Monitoring Programs land use practices on streams within the 516 lengths of stream where flows are faster and as well as funding from the Union County extensive monitoring efforts. ranch near La Grande. The owner of the more turbulent, were installed at 25 strategic Soil and Water Conservation ranch initially approached the CTUIR for locations along Graves Creek in segments District (UCSWCD) assistance in addressing poor fish habitat exhibiting erosion and a lack of connection small grants program and conditions. Then, the CTUIR partnered with with associated floodplains in order to the Oregon Watershed the Natural Resource Conservation Service restore critical habitat functions. Large Enhancement Board (NRCS) and Rick Wagner of the Oregon wood was placed along the riffle margins to (OWEB). The springs will Department of Forestry (ODF) to develop a support low-velocity and forage habitat as be fenced to protect against comprehensive conservation plan for water, well as to provide bank stability to protect cattle disturbance and piped fisheries, and upland habitat enhancements. against erosion while riparian vegetation to trough locations outside These enhancements to the 516 ranch recolonizes and stabilizes each site. the riparian boundary. property ultimately will be completed ABOVE: April 2013 image of Graves Creek. Showing limited riparian vegetation, entrenched cut For the habitat restoration design to The Rock Creek with the support of multiple programs, banks, and abandoned historic side channels. (Before restoration) mature to its full potential, it will be essential drainage falls within the including Bonneville Power Administration to integrate a comprehensive re-vegetation UGC-2 and UGS-16 (BPA)-sponsored fish habitat programs, The Need for the Project led to limited recovery of riparian and strategy, which will be implemented during recovery plan assessment the Conservation Reserve Enhancement wetland vegetation and associated beaver future phases of project construction. units and has been identified Program (CREP), the Environmental Quality Fish habitat has been adversely colonization. The planting strategy will incorporate by the Biological Opinion ABOVE: Graves Creek in June 2013 before incorporation of large The project aims follow the a combination of techniques, including Expert Panel as one of the Incentives Program (EQUIP), and ODF affected by historic land uses, including wood structures. programs. livestock overgrazing, road construction, landowner’s vision to restore and protect installation of shrubs and trees in containers, highest-priority geographic The 516 ranch is located in northeast logging, and the conversion of natural water flow and streambank processes and deep live-whip willow plantings, installation units for protecting and Oregon near Hilgard State Park and contains stream meanders into straightened channels, functions that provide high-quality spawning of sedge/rush plugs and mats, and custom restoring summer steelhead 15 miles of fish-bearing streams that are which is known as channelization. and rearing habitat for Snake River Basin seeding with a native seed mix that is habitat. Given the high part of the Rock Creek drainage. Due to Approximately 0.2 miles of Graves fish stocks listed by the ESA as threatened complementary to upland and riparian/ value of this project area, the size and complexity of the habitat Creek has been channelized, resulting in and resident fishery resources on a working wetland species present in the project the CTUIR Fish Habitat enhancement project, construction is being a deepened channel, increased channel livestock ranch. Project objectives include site. The ultimate success of the proposed Program has monitored phased, beginning with work on 3.8 miles of slopes, and streambank erosion. The loss protecting existing habitat, re-activating restoration effort will be assessed by the the Rock Creek Fish Graves Creek and 1.4 miles of Little Graves of floodplain and stream-side groundwater the historic floodplain and associated degree to which the diversity of plant species Habitat Restoration and Creek in 2013. The project will address connectivity has led to elevated water channel network, increasing stream-side in the stream reach increases. Enhancement Project since natural resource management opportunities temperatures, decreased flow conditions, groundwater connectivity and cold water The Long-term Plan for Sustaining the 2010 and has focused on degradation of riparian and wetland refuges for fish, facilitating vegetation baseline data collection to protect and enhance significant riparian, Fish Habitat Enhancements floodplain, and in-stream habitat for vegetation, and reductions in habitat recovery, encouraging long-term beaver for use in a “Before/After” Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed diversity and complexity. Riparian re-colonization, and developing off-channel A 15-year riparian easement experimental design and Snake River Basin spring Chinook salmon, conditions throughout the project area are livestock watering opportunities. agreement was signed by the CTUIR and the to provide data for use in summer steelhead, and resident fishery poor, as the stream has been disconnected Constructing the Enhanced Habitat 516 ranch in 2012 that establishes a riparian project planning and design. stock. from its floodplain and its flow altered. buffer along 15 miles of ESA streams. The metrics that have been ABOVE: Graves Creek in October 2013 after project The poor conditions of the stream have Phase 1 of the project was initiated The long-term vision for the project area gathered in this monitoring implementation. These structures will stabilize actively eroding streambanks and provide habitat complexity and diversity. 4 5 hatchery fish were kept to be transported to Fishing for New Angling Opportunities: the hatchery. Fishing conditions throughout Through this research design, they hope to “best management practices” the week were tough, as evidenced by the shed light on the question of great interest to research approach. The focus The ODFW’s Steelhead Broodstock Collection Program catch rate of more than 13 hours per fish. conservation groups and funding agencies will be on optimal utilization by Lyle Kuchenbecker The flows were dropping, and the water was through the Pacific Northwest: namely, of the forages, and identifying In October 2013, the Oregon clear and cold throughout the week. “How does restoration help fish?” strategies to encourage cattle to Department of Fish and Wildlife Following the collection method Comparing Different Grazing Patterns move away from the riparian (ODFW) invited steelhead anglers to developed by the ODFW to tag hatchery areas will be a key goal. participate in a steelhead broodstock fish, anglers were supplied with PVC pipe An additional component of Specific strategies will include collection program in the lower tubes vented on each end. Upon catching the Meadow Creek project is being developing upland water sources, Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon. a hatchery fish (adipose fin-clipped), the undertaken by scientists from the Oregon strategic supplementation in the The overall objective of this program angler put the fish in the tube and placed State University Agricultural Research uplands, herding, and cow age/ is to enhance fall steelhead angling it in the river where flow through the tube Center (EOARC) and the USFS PNW type evaluation. Oregon State opportunities in the lower Grande would be constant. Anglers marked locations Research Station. Additional fencing is University also will cooperate Ronde River. By collecting hatchery of tubes by hanging flagging along the road. being constructed to create a fifth pasture with PNW scientist to evaluate steelhead (wild fish are not included The next morning, the fish truck (a pick-up by dividing the largest of the four existing four distinct levels of access in the program) in October and raising ABOVE: Jeff Yanke and Dee Lester process an adult with an aerated tank) collected the fish and pastures into two more manageable units by ungulates (cattle, elk, and and releasing their progeny, the steelhead before transport to Wallowa Hatchery. Photo transported them to the Wallowa Hatchery. (see map). With all five pastures to be used deer). Type 1 will be free-access courtesy of ODFW grazing by all ungulates, with ODFW hopes to increase opportunities The fish will be held at the hatchery and in a deferred rotational grazing system, one ABOVE: Tyler Warner counts juvenile fish while crew member for fall angling by creating an earlier standard production were fitted with Passive spawned next spring. of the lower elevation pastures will be rested some controls on cattle to achieve Ali Fitzgerald records data. Photo courtesy of ODFW. run-timing for the adult steelhead returning Integrated Transponders (PIT) and coded- The Wallowa Hatchery releases a during the latter part of each grazing season, browse utilization objectives protection and/or herbivory. EOARC and to the Grande Ronde River. wire tags to monitor migration timing into total of about 800,000 steelhead smolts the period of time when ungulates are most specifically for cattle; Type 2 will include PNW scientists, who will be conducting The initial Grande Ronde steelhead the Columbia River and its tributaries. annually. ODFW biologists recommend likely to browse on deciduous riparian complete exclusion of cattle but with the vegetation response monitoring, hope production hatchery program began in Results indicated that the program increasing production of the fall brood vegetation. As part of the third phase of open access to free-range grazing by elk to be able to provide a foundation for the late 1970s with the goal of creating a was successful in producing earlier returns line from the current 160,000 smolts to the restoration, watering sources are being and deer; Type 3 will include complete future designs of integrated management of steelhead fishery in the Grande Ronde and and higher catch rates. The first generation 400,000 smolts in 2014 and reducing the developed in the higher elevations of exclusion of elk and deer with open access domestic and wild ungulates to complement Wallowa Rivers. Due to low numbers, the of fall brood (direct offspring of angler- regular production releases to maintain the these new pastures to encourage ungulates to cattle grazing; and Type 4 will exclude future salmonid enhancement projects. native steelhead fishery was closed in 1974. caught fish) returned, on average, three total release of 800,000 smolts. It may be to disperse more broadly rather than all ungulates. A variety of fence types and Monitoring the vegetation responses The original hatchery broodstock were weeks earlier than the standard production- necessary to regularly infuse the fall brood concentrating in the riparian areas where heights will enable the implementation of to these four different management collected in the spring at the Ice Harbor and line fish collected at the Wallowa Hatchery line with fall-collected adults to maintain the they currently have to go for water. the four different grazing types. Specific treatments will focus particularly on Little Goose dams on the Snake River. The in the spring. However, preliminary data earlier run-timing in the future. The ODFW Among the practices to be evaluated studies will involve visiting these exclosures willows, one of the most common riparian peak harvest timing of returning hatchery suggested that the difference in run- is considering repeating the program next will be a five-pasture rotational grazing with cattle to evaluate composition of diet shrubs. A sampling of up to 500 randomly adults typically occurred in the spring, timing for the second generation was only year during a similar time frame. system using Oregon State University’s throughout the summer grazing period. selected willows, cottonwoods, and other possibly as a result of the timing of when the approximately one week. Based on these The lower Grande Ronde fall Union Station cattle. Approximately By understanding the diet composition shrubs that are highly palatable to ungulates founding parents were selected. data, the Wallowa District Fish Biologists steelhead fishery has become very popular 120 pair (15 to 20 cattle fitted with GPS of both cattle and elk, scientists will be will be assessed for survival, height, canopy Fisheries managers began an this year recommended a “refreshing” of the in recent years. The number of angler days collars) will be utilized in a 10-year able to model the impact of herbivores on volume, and ungulate utilization throughout experiment in 2003 with the intent of fall brood line to maintain the early run- fishing steelhead on the lower river has riparian vegetation diversity and ecological the life of the project. These assessments increasing fall harvest opportunities in the timing and fisheries benefits. ranged from 2,000 to more than 5,000 days function. The new livestock grazing system will be used to estimate the survival and Grande Ronde River. The idea they tested The ODFW set up a base camp at per year since 2000. Catch rates (hours/ is scheduled to begin in 2015 following the structural development in response to was to collect fall returning fish, hold them Griz Flats on the Wenaha Wildlife Area just fish) are some of the best in the west. It is a establishment of the new pasture fences, different grazing management treatments at the Wallowa Hatchery, and spawn those above Troy during the week of October 20 great time to experience good fishing in very while the different ungulate exclosures will and ultimately to evaluate cattle versus deer fish separately in the spring. Volunteers to run the fall brood collection operation. colorful surroundings. be constructed by PNW. and elk effects on shrub recovery goals for collected 109, 109, 115, and 77 hatchery Anglers camped at Griz Flats or at other No small thanks go to Wallowa Monitoring vegetation responses effective management of riparian systems steelhead via hook-and-line during the spots along the river and were supplied District Fish Biologists Jeff Yanke and to the new livestock grazing system and to for salmonids. Additional vegetation Octobers of 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006, lunches and evening meals prepared by Kyle Bratcher for promoting, organizing, the different types of ungulate exclosures is sampling will monitor long-term changes respectively. The fall brood progeny were ODFW staff and former staff. Throughout and supervising the operation and to Craig scheduled to start in the summer of 2014 to in structure and composition of conifers, marked with a right ventral fin clip to the week, 49 volunteers and 13 ODFW staff Ely and Jon Paustian for running a great gain a pre-treatment estimate of conditions shrubs, grasses, and forbs in response to the distinguish them from production fish when members fished a total of 835 hours and camp and preparing outstanding meals for and will continue at least through the new cattle grazing system and in relation to they returned as adults. To evaluate the caught 62 steelhead. Of those 62 steelhead, the hungry anglers. The ODFW is to be ABOVE: USFS crew planting native vegetation summers of 2015 and 2016 to assess riparian the different types of ungulate exclosures. objectives of the experiment, four groups 23 were hatchery fish and 39 were wild fish. commended for dedicating the resources to along Meadow Creek. Photo courtsey of USFS. vegetation response to varying levels of of fall brood progeny and four groups from Wild fish were returned to the river, and maintain and enhance this fishery. 6 3