Who’s Indie Now? Classifying indie in the games industry Master Thesis Student: Niels Hoogendoorn Student number: 3938948 Student email:
[email protected] Master: New Media & Digital Culture University: Utrecht University Faculty: Faculty of Humanities Tutor: proF. dr. Joost Raessens Second reader: dr. René Glas Date: January 21th, 2014 Abstract To state that indie in the games industry signifies an independent developer is too simple. Indie is no longer only a Question whether a developer is developing independent from a publisher or not. In this thesis I argue that games (and its developers) are classiFied as indie through an interplay between: the developers (through examining the context oF production), the audience (by criticizing games on their authenticity and using indie as an identiFication tool), and the publishers (through making indie a new market segment) in the games industry. The result is an overview of the indie games industry and how indie is classified there. The indie games industry has become a bigger and bigger part oF the greater games industry. The once clear line, that separated indie from mainstream in the games industry, has become blurred. Keywords Indie games, mainstream games, authenticity, game developers, game publishers, games industry 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Research Question 7 Sub-questions 7 Method 8 Theory 9 Overview 11 1. Indie 12 2. The Production Side oF the Indie Games Industry 15 2.1 The Greater Games Industry 16 2.2 Technology 17 2.3 Laws and Regulations 21 2.4.1 Industrial Structures 22 2.4.2 Organizational Structures 27 2.5 Occupational Careers 29 2.6 Conclusion 30 3.