Thyasira Succisa, Lyonsia Norwegica and Poromya Granulata in The

Home , Anomalodesmata, Cetoconcha, Poromya granulata, Poromyidae, Poromyoidea

Marine Biodiversity Records, page 1 of 4. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2015 doi:10.1017/S1755267215000287; Vol. 8; e47; 2015 Published online First record of three Bivalvia species: Thyasira succisa, Lyonsia norwegica and Poromya granulata in the Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean) pierluigi strafella, luca montagnini, elisa punzo, angela santelli, clara cuicchi, vera salvalaggio and gianna fabi Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy

Three species of bivalves, Thyasira succisa, Lyonsia norwegica and Poromya granulate, were recorded for the ﬁrst time in the Adriatic Sea during surveys conducted from 2010 to 2012 on offshore relict sand bottoms at a depth range of 45–80 m.

Keywords: Thyasira succisa, Lyonsia norwegica, Poromia granulata, Adriatic Sea, bivalvia

Submitted 12 December 2014; accepted 8 March 2015

INTRODUCTION yet been formerly reported in the official checklist for the Italian marine faunal species for the Adriatic Sea Although species distribution changes over time, sudden (Schiaparelli, 2008). range extensions are often prompted by anthropic and The family Thyasiridea (Dall, 1900) includes 14 genera. natural causes. This may be direct, by the introduction of a The species belonging to this family have a small, mostly new species for a defined purpose (e.g. aquaculture) or indir- thin, light shell, with more or less marked plicae on the pos- ect (e.g. ballast water). Natural changes (e.g. global warming) terior end. The anterior margin is often flattened and the could also provide opportunities for species to colonize areas hinge is almost without teeth (Jeffreys, 1876; Pope & Goto, where, until recently, they were not able to survive (Kolar & 1991). Lodge, 2001; Padilla et al., 2011). The Thyasiridae have a wider distribution; they are found The Adriatic Sea is an elongated semi-enclosed basin in the in coastal areas over abyssal depths, in different types of sedi- north-eastern Mediterranean Sea. It extends in a north-west– ments and from both Polar Regions to the equator (Oliver & south-east direction, with a shallow northern part and a Killeen, 2002; Dufour, 2005). Only the genus Thyasira deeper southern part. The Adriatic Sea ecosystems are influ- (Lamarck, 1818), which includes 12 species, has been reported enced by regular exchanges of water with the Mediterranean in the Italian waters. To date, only one species of this genus, Sea (Gacˇic´ et al., 2010); Mediterranean waters enter the Thyasira biplicata (Philippi, 1836), has been reported in the Adriatic basin from the Ionian Sea through the Strait of Adriatic Sea (Schiaparelli, 2008). Otranto and flow towards the northern part due to the north- The family Lyonsiidae (Fischer, 1887) comprises four ward coastal current. Therefore, Ionian Sea water masses, con- genera. They usually have a white and elongated shell, pre- sisting of Levantine Intermediate Water and Ionian Surface senting ornaments formed by ribs and radiating lines. The Water, flow along the eastern coast of the basin. The valves are often partially covered by a fibrous periostracum, volume of this flow varies, depending on climatic fluctuations on which fine grains of sand are deposited (Scudieri & that occur from the Atlantic to the south-east Mediterranean, Terlizzi, 2012). The members of the family Lyonsiiadae are but it is generally greater during the winter (Batistic´ et al., shallow burrowers and they are widely distributed (Ansell, 2012). 1967; Harper et al., 2006). Only two genera (Lyonsia Moreover, in the northern Adriatic Sea, ballast water is an Turton, 1822 and Allogramma Dall, 1903) are present in the important vector for the introduction of non-indigenous Mediterranean Sea (Schiaparelli, 2008) and, as yet, no species (David & Jakomin, 2003). species have been reported in the Adriatic Sea. We report the first record of three bivalves, Thyasira The family Poromyidae (Dall, 1886) includes five genera. succisa (Jeffreys, 1876), Lyonsia norwegica (Gmelin, 1791) The shells are usually thin and fragile, with a shape that and Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839), in the goes from trigonal to oval and without sculptures (Allen & Adriatic Sea. The presence of these three species has not Morgan, 1981). The members belonging to this family show a cosmopolitan distribution, being present from shallow to deep and abyssal waters (Allen & Morgan, 1981; Morton,

Corresponding author: 1981; Harper et al., 2006). Many species of this family are P. Strafella good predators of small crustaceans (Morton, 1981). Only Email: [email protected] two genera, Poromya Forbes, 1844 and Cetoconcha Dall,

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1886, have been reported for the Mediterranean Sea (Schiaparelli, 2008). The genus Poromya is present in the Mediterranean waters, with only one species Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839) not yet reported for the Adriatic Sea.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Macrozoobenthos samples were collected in three different areas – A, B and C (Figure 1) – in the northern Adriatic Sea during six surveys, two per year (autumn and spring), carried out from 2010 to 2012. For each survey, a total of 44 stations were sampled in the ‘A’ area, having a surface area of 28 km2 (Latitude 44833′ –44830N; Longitude: 12852′ – 13800′E) and located at a depth of about 40 m. The bottom texture consists of a mix of sand and mud (sand 55–65%). For the ‘B’ area, 54 stations were sampled for each survey (Latitude: 44810′ –44825′N; Longitude: 13800′ –13825′E). This area represents a surface of 140 km2 and the depth Fig. 2. Thyasira succisa (Jeffreys, 1876), external view: right valve. ranged from 54 to 60 m. The seafloor is characterized by offshore relict sand (sand: 80–85%). The ‘C’ area (Latitude: 43834′ –43835′N; Longitude: 14821′ –14826′E) is located on Thyasira succisa (Jeffreys, 1876) offshore relict sand (sand: 80–85%) at a depth of 80 m and Figure 2 covers a surface area of 15 km2. A total of 34 stations were sampled in this area at each survey. Six samples were collected at each station using a material examined Van-Veen grab (capacity ¼ 13 l; surface ¼ 0.1 m2). The grab 374 specimens (12 in A stations, 109 in B stations and 184 in C samples were sieved in situ through a 0.5 mm mesh and all stations). the retained organisms were preserved in 5% buffered forma- lin and then transferred to 70% ethanol. In the laboratory, the diagnosis macrofauna was sorted using a stereomicroscope, identified to Shell small, fragile, oblique to pyriform or sub-round in species level and quantified. The nomenclature herein follows outline, stretched and roundish anteriorly, inequilateral. the World Register of Marine Species. Voucher specimens are Shell length ranging in length from 1.2 to 2.0 mm. Surface presently kept in the reference collection of ISMAR-CNR. smooth, sculpture of weak concentric lines and growth stops. Ferruginous deposits mostly restricted to anterior margin and posterior area. Finely inequivalve, left valve little systematics larger than right one. Small and protuberant umbo. Class BIVALVIA Linneus, 1758 Posterior margin sharp-cornered at crossing with ventral Order VENEROIDEA H. & A. Adams, 1857 margin. Only one furrow originating one small auricle in pos- Superfamily Thyasiroidea Dall, 1900 terior area. Well-defined lunule with slightly eccentric striae. Family THYASIRIDAE Dall, 1900 Genus Thyasira Lamarck, 1818 ex Leach MS taxonomic remarks Thyasira succisa was originally described by Jeffreys (1876) with the name of Axinulus succisus. After its first description this bivalve was called Axinus incrassatus var. succisa Jeffreys, 1876, but at present the accepted name is Thyasira succisa (Scaperrotta et al., 2010).

ecology This species is a suspension feeder and it prefers habitat with detrital-muddy bottoms and well-oxygenated sediment of the deep circalittoral zone (Scaperrotta et al., 2010). Order ANOMALODESMATA Dall, 1889 Superfamily PANDOROIDEA Raﬁnesque, 1815 Family LYONSIIDAE P. Fischer, 1887 Genus Lyonsia Turton, 1822 Lyonsia norwegica (Gmelin, 1791) Figure 3 Fig. 1. Geographic overview of the Adriatic Sea with the locations of the surveyed areas A, B and C.

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Fig. 3. Lyonsia norwegica (Gmelin, 1791), external view: (A) left valve; (B) right valve.

material examined 28 specimens (all in B stations). Fig. 4. Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839), external view: (A) left valve; (B) right valve. diagnosis Shell ranging in length from 9.0 to 20.0 mm. Shell stretched, Genus Poromya Forbes, 1844 weak, with two open ends, inequivalve. Left valve more Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839) convex, protuberant and larger than the right one. Ventral Figure 4 margin straight or sinuous, parallel to the dorsal one. Anterior side roundish, posterior one truncated. Ornamentation weak with radial sinuous striae. Surface finely granulose. Sand conglomerates may cover anterior material examined part of the shell. Colour dirty white or uniform grey, a little 24 specimens (16 in A stations and 8 in B stations). bit iridescent in fresh specimens. Periostracum brown. taxonomic remarks diagnosis Lyonsia norwegica was originally described by Gmelin (1791) Shell ranging in length from 8.0 to 12.0 mm. Shell weak, sub- with the name of Mya norwegica. After its first description, round or oval. Valves inflated, the right slightly more convex this bivalve was given several names: Mya nitida Fabricius, than the left one. Anterior margin roundish, posterior one 1798; Lyonsia striata Montagu, 1815; Mya striata Montagu, truncated due to a radial plica extending from umbo to 1815; Amphidesma corbuloides Lamarck, 1818; Mya pellucida antero-ventral margin. Surface translucent, cream or grey, Brown, 1818; Tellina coruscans Scacchi, 1833; Pandora aequi- with close and regular tiny tubercles. A bit iridescent inside. valvis Philippi, 1836; Anatina elongata Hanley, 1842; Myatella Periostracum brown. One cardinal tooth in the hinge of montagui Brown, 1845 (Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889). right valve, in front of chondrophore. Internal margin smooth. At present, the accepted name is Lyonsia norwegica (Scaperrotta et al., 2013). taxonomic remarks ecology Poromya Granulata was originally described by Nyst & Lyonsia norwegica lives in the circalittoral and infralittoral Westendorp (1839) with the name of Corbula Granulata. zones on sandy and muddy bottoms (Scaperrotta et al., After its first description, this bivalve was given several 2013) and it is a borrower or suspension-feeder (Gmelin, names: Poromya anatinoides Forbes, 1844 (Pope & Goto 1791; Scaperrotta et al., 2013). 1993); Embla korenii Loveń, 1846 (Pope & Goto, 1991); Cumingia parthenopaea Tiberi, 1855; Poromya rotundata Superfamily POROMYOIDEA Dall, 1886 Jeffreys, 1876. At present, the accepted name is Poromya gran- Family POROMYIDAE Dall, 1886 ulata (Scaperrotta et al., 2013).

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ecology Harper E.M., Dreyer H. and Steiner G. (2006) Reconstructing the Poromya granulata lives in the circalittoral and bathyal zone Anomalodesmata (Mollusca: Bivalvia): morphology and molecules. on muddy bottoms, from about 70 m up to 3700 m and it is Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148, 395–420, doi: carnivorous (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839; Morton, 1981; 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00260.x. Olabarria, 2005; Scaperrotta et al., 2013). Jeffreys J.G. (1876) New and peculiar Mollusca of the Kellia, Cyprina and Corbula families, procured in the Valorous expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 18, 490–499. DISCUSSION Kolar C.S. and Lodge D.M. (2001) Progress in invasion biology: predict- ing invaders. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16, 199–204. The mode of entry for these three bivalves into the Adriatic Sea is uncertain. The introduction of some alien species as Morello E., Solustri C. and Froglia C. (2004) The alien bivalve Anadara planktonic larvae, carried within the ballast waters, could be demiri (Arcidae): a new invader of the Adriatic Sea, Italy. Journal of the one of the main modes (Galil & Zenetos, 2002; David & Marine Biological Association of the UK 84, 1057–1064. Jakomin, 2003; Morello et al., 2004; Zenetos et al., 2005; Morton B. (1981) Prey capture in the carnivorous septibranch Poromya Arias & Anado´n, 2012). Other vectors (e.g. marine currents) granulata (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Poromyacea). Sarsia 66, should not be excluded (Gacˇic´ et al., 2010). 241–256. Scarce information is available on the ecology of these Nyst P.H. and Westendorp G.D. (1839) Nouvelles recherches sur les species, making it difﬁcult to understand how they have coquilles fossiles de la Province d’Anvers. Bulletin de l’Acade´mie been able to establish in the Adriatic Sea. Royal ede Bruxelles 6, 393–414.

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