DOCSLIB.ORG

Stratigraphy and Structure Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

GEOLOGY, NATURAL GAS POTENTIAL, AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF LEE, CHATHAM, AND MOORE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA Timothy W. Clark, Kenneth B. Taylor, & Philip J. Bradley Carolina Geological Society FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK October 22-23, 2011 The 2011 Carolina Geological Society Field Trip and Guidebook is dedicated to the memory of CHARLES H. GARDNER 1937-2011 North Carolina State Geologist 1990-2002 “He stood in awe of the beauty of nature” CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011 FIELD TRIP GEOLOGY, NATURAL GAS POTENTIAL, AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF LEE, CHATHAM, AND MOORE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA OCTOBER 22-23, 2011 ABERDEEN, NC FIELD TRIP LEADERS: TIMOTHY W. CLARK CGS SECRETARY-TREASURER KENNETH B. TAYLOR ASSISTANT STATE GEOLOGIST AND CHIEF NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PHILIP J. BRADLEY SENIOR GEOLOGIST NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Board of Directors 2011 President Philip J. Bradley North Carolina Geological Survey Vice-President Scott Howard South Carolina Geological Survey Secretary-Treasurer Timothy W. (Tyler) Clark Carolina Geological Society Andy R. Bobyarchick University of North Carolina – Charlotte Michael G. Waddell University of South Carolina William A. (Bill) Ranson Furman University Paul Johnstone MACTEC Engineering and Consulting ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND CREDITS Special thanks to: for allowing K-12 teachers and students to attend the event at a greatly reduced cost. The field trip leaders also wish to express their gratitude to the following people and organizations who helped make this field trip possible (in alphabetical order): Jim Faille (Standard Minerals), Jack Garvey (Hanson Brick), John Hairr (House in the Horseshoe State Historic Site), Keisler Land Company (Alton Creek Stop), Mr. Philip Oldham (Black Diamond Mine), and Russ Patterson (Patterson Exploration). Cover Figure: Pekin Formation exposed in the inactive Boren Clay Product pit. Photo by Jeffrey C. Reid ii CONTENTS Articles Depositional and Structural Framework of the Deep River Triassic Basin, North Carolina: by Timothy W. Clark, Pamela J. W. Gore, and Mary E. Watson ………………………………………………………………… 1 A History of Early Geologic Research in the Deep River Triassic Ba- sin, North Carolina: by T. Wyche Clark ………………………………… 15 Field Trip Stops Saturday October 22: STOP 1 – Boren Clay Pit – Pekin Formation ………….…………………… 29 STOP 2 – Alton Creek – Cumnock Formation ………………….……….… 31 STOP 3 – Carbonton Dam – Cumnock Formation …………..…….…..… 33 STOP 4 – Black Diamond Mine – Cumnock Formation ……..….……… 35 STOP 5 – Endor Iron Furnace – Sanford Formation …….……......….… 37 STOP 6 – Deep River fault – Sanford Formation (optional stop) ….….. 42 Sunday October 23: STOP 7 – Standard Minerals Pyrophyllite Mine ……………...……...… 43 iii DEPOSITIONAL AND STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE DEEP RIVER TRIASSIC BASIN, NORTH CAROLINA Disclaimer: The following article was originally published as part of a Field Trip Guide for the 50th Annual meeting of the Southeastern Section of the Geological Society of America, April 2001, p. 27-50. It has been in- cluded in this guidebook as is, without any editorial changes to the text. However minor reformatting was neces- sary to accommodate different page sizes. References should be made to Clark and others (2001). Timothy W. Clark, North Carolina Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC Pamela J. W. Gore, Georgia Perimeter College, Clarkston, GA Mary E. Watson, North Carolina Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC INTRODUCTION member, and bed. The Deep River basin lacks an abundance of good maker beds or horizons for assign- The Deep River Triassic basin has one of the long- ing strata to a specific formation or member. This is est recorded histories of geologic research in North primarily due to the gradational nature of lithologic Carolina, starting with the work of Olmsted in 1820. contacts common in rift basin environments. Facies are Since that time, numerous investigations have attempt- laterally gradational and the same lithostratigraphic ed to unravel the complex nature of the basin’s geology unit can vary from conglomerate to siltstone across the and mineral resources. As a result, varying methods of basin. Since the lithofacies system of stratigraphic no- geologic mapping and stratigraphic nomenclature are menclature is unfamiliar to many geologists, this arti- found throughout the published literature. These differ- cle compares and contrasts the various systems of geo- ences typically manifest themselves by one particular logic mapping currently used in the Deep River basin. map area using one particular system of stratigraphic nomenclature, with an adjacent map area using a dif- GENERAL GEOLOGIC SETTING ferent and incompatible system of nomenclature. Be- cause of these incompatibilities, no basin-wide compi- The Deep River basin, located in the east central lation of the entire Deep River basin has ever been Piedmont of North Carolina, resulted from early Meso- produced using one standard system of map units and zoic rifting of the supercontinent Pangea. This rifting stratigraphic nomenclature. created a series of irregularly-shaped half-graben along This article highlights recent work to develop a the Atlantic margin of North America. The Deep River standardized method of mapping that is flexible basin is the southern-most exposed of these basins enough for the wide variety of lithologies and deposi- (Fig. 1). During rifting, the basin filled with a variety tional environments encountered throughout the Deep of Late Triassic clastic sediments, their depositional River basin. Smoot and others (1988) proposed a sys- environments strongly controlled by local basin tecton- tem of uniform map symbols for all of the Mesozoic ics. Alluvial fans prograded into the basin from the rift basins along the Atlantic margin of North America. topographically-higher, faulted margins. Sediment was The North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS) adopt- transported along the basin axis by meandering river ed this system during recent geologic mapping in the systems and deposited in large alluvial plains. Fresh- Durham basin. This system uses map units called water lakes formed in basin depocenters, accumulating lithofacies, which can be composed of one to several deltaic (delta), lacustrine (lake), and paludal (swamp) different rock types (e.g., sandstone, siltstone, and deposits. mudstone). Similar lithofacies can be grouped together The deposits of the Deep River basin were buried to form a lithofacies association, based on both lithol- and lithified, and are now recognized as the Chatham ogy and interpreted depositional environment. Group, part of the Newark Supergroup (Fig. 1) as de- The lithofacies system of mapping differs slightly fined by Olsen (1978) and Luttrell (1989). The Chat- in organization and definition from the more traditional ham Group in the Deep River basin consists of varying North American Stratigraphic Code units of formation, amounts of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, clay- 1 stone, shale, coal, and small amounts of limestone and The Deep River basin is a north to northeast trend- chert (and gypsum in cuttings from several ing half graben. It is bordered on the east by the Jones- wells).Bedding generally dips east to southeast, but boro fault, a west-dipping high-angle, normal fault local variations are common, especially near faults and (Campbell and Kimball, 1923) that separates the Trias- dikes. Thus, the lowermost (oldest) strata typically oc- sic sedimentary rocks from the Raleigh metamorphic cur on the western side of the basin and the uppermost belt and the Carolina zone metavolcanic and (youngest) strata occur on the east. metasedimentary rocks (Fig. 2). The total amount of displacement along the fault is unknown but estimated to be a minimum of 3.0 to 4.5 kilometers of dip-slip displacement, depending on location (Campbell and Kimball, 1923; Reinemund, 1955; Bain and Harvey, 1977; Parker, 1979; Bain and Brown, 1980; Hoffman and Gallagher, 1989). Bain and Brown (1980) suggest- ed that the Jonesboro is actually a fault zone, character- ized by step faulting along numerous individual faults, with rider blocks occurring between these faults. Clark (1998) showed that the Jonesboro fault plane itself is extremely sharp, commonly with a 1-3 meter wide gouge zone of clay and foliated breccia in the footwall. Several intra-basinal faults, both synthetic and an- tithetic to the Jonesboro, are also recognized through- out the basin (Fig. 2). Along the basin’s western mar- gin, sedimentary rocks of the basin unconformably Figure 1. Exposed early Mesozoic basins of the Newark Su- overlie Late Proterozoic and Cambrian metavolcanic pergroup. Note the Deep River basin (9) is listed by its three component basins (Durham, Sanford, and and metasedimentary rocks (NCGS, 1985). Minor Wadesboro). Figure from McDonald (1996), after Un- (post-depositional?) faults also form the basin bounda- ger (1988). ry locally along the western border. Figure 2. Generalized geologic map of the Deep River basin, NC. Modified from Reinemund (1955), Bain and Harvey (1977), NCGS (1985), Olsen and others (1989, 1991), Hoffman and Gallagher (1989), Clark (1998), and Watson (1998). 2 The Deep River basin is subdivided into three described type localities of the Jonesboro, Deep River, smaller basins, the Durham, Sanford, and Wadesboro and Carbonton faults. Although an inadequate under- basins, from north to south, respectively (Fig. 2). The standing of rift basin development flawed many of boundaries of these smaller, component basins are un- their conclusions,
Recommended publications
  • JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS

    JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS

    Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra.
  • 7 X 11 Long.P65

    7 X 11 Long.P65

    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85349-1 - Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets Peter Jenniskens Excerpt More information Part I Introduction © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85349-1 - Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets Peter Jenniskens Excerpt More information 1 How meteor showers were linked to comets When we wish upon a falling star, we appeal to an ancient belief that the stars represent our souls and a meteor is one falling into the hereafter.1 In Teutonic mythology, for example, your star was tied to heaven by a thread, spun by the hands of an old woman from the day of your birth, and when it snapped, the star fell and your life had ended.2 The Greek philosophers were the first to speculate on the nature of things without regard to ancient myths. Especially the world views of Aristotle of Stagira (384–322 BC) in his 350 BC book Meteorology3 were widely quoted for over two thousand years, embraced by Christian religion, and passionately defended until into the eight- eenth century. The Greeks held that all matter in the Universe is made of the elements ‘‘earth,’’ ‘‘water,’’ ‘‘air,’’ and ‘‘fire.’’ Aristotle was of the opinion that shooting stars, because of their rapid motion, occurred relatively nearby in the realm of the element ‘‘fire’’ above the layer of ‘‘air’’ that is now called our atmosphere. He believed that shooting stars were not caused by the falling of stars, but were caused by thin streams of a warm and dry ‘‘windy exhalation’’ (a mixture of the elements fire and air) that had risen from dry land warmed by the Sun.
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT

    71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT

    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
  • 47 February 1999

    47 February 1999

    HeA. D. News The Newsletter of the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society Number 47 February 1999 Kristv Kaiser. Manson. Iowa (original charcoal) -1- Biennial History of Persons wishing to register should contact: Astronomy, Center for ContinuingEducation, Astronomy Workshop, To Be University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN Co-sponsored by the HAD 46556, E-mail: [email protected]. The registration fee of $70 includes the cost of the Steven Dick banquet. Housing is available in new air- conditioned dormitories at $27 per night for a The Fourth Biennial History of Astronomy single, $21 per night for a double. Workshop will be held July 1-4, 1999 at the University of Notre Dame. The workshop is The conference will include a book exhibit sponsored by Notre Dame's Graduate Program and display tables. Participants are welcome to in History and Philosophy of Science, Notre bring materials to display. Contact Matt Dame's Reilly Center for Science, Technol- Dowd with regard to how much space will be ogy, and Values, the History of Astronomy needed. Special Interest Group of the History of Science Society, and theHistorica1Astronomy Regarding transportation, flights come to Division of the American Astronomical South Bend from a number of major cities. Society. Persons arriving via Chicago can take the United Limo Bus, which runs from the United Steven Dick and Michael Crowe are program Terminal at 0'1-Iare Airport directly to the co-chairs. Persons wishing to present work- Notre Dame campus. Round-trip fare is $52. in-progress papers, or poster papers, should For a schedule and reservations, call United submit a title and abstract of approximately Limo at (800) 833-5555.
  • Olmsted 200 Bicentennial Notes About Olmsted Falls and Olmsted Township – First Farmed in 1814 and Settled in 1815 Issue 42 November 1, 2016

    Olmsted 200 Bicentennial Notes About Olmsted Falls and Olmsted Township – First Farmed in 1814 and Settled in 1815 Issue 42 November 1, 2016

    Olmsted 200 Bicentennial Notes about Olmsted Falls and Olmsted Township – First Farmed in 1814 and Settled in 1815 Issue 42 November 1, 2016 Contents November Meteors Have Connection to Olmsted History 1 Sesquicentennial Coin Turns Up 7 Did Peltzes Move to California for Their Health? 8 Chestnut Grove Will Host Veterans Day Ceremony 10 Still to Come 11 November Meteors Have Connection to Olmsted History If the nighttime sky is dark enough and clear enough around the middle of November and you happen to see one or more meteors – or “shooting stars” – you might be witness to a portion of one of the best-known annual meteor showers. But maybe you didn’t know – until now – about that meteor shower’s connection to the family for whom Olmsted Falls and Olmsted Township, as well as North Olmsted, are named. Meteor showers occur when the Earth, in its orbit around the sun, encounters streams of particles. Those particles are left in the wake of comets in their trips from the edges of the solar system to close passes by the sun and then back to the outer realms. The Earth experiences several meteor showers of varied intensity each year. One of the best- known meteor showers is the Perseids, partly because they reliably provide an average of about one meteor each minute at their peak. It’s also partly because they occur in mid-August, when the weather is warm enough that it is comfortable for observers to stay outside for long periods NASA released this photo of the Leonids as in the middle of the night.
  • Palynology of the Upper Chinle Formation in Northern New Mexico, U.S.A

    Palynology of the Upper Chinle Formation in Northern New Mexico, U.S.A

    Lindström et al. 1 1 Palynology of the upper Chinle Formation in northern New Mexico, U.S.A.: 2 implications for biostratigraphy and terrestrial ecosystem change during the Late 3 Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) 4 a* b c d 5 Sofie Lindström , Randall B. Irmis , Jessica H. Whiteside , Nathan D. Smith , Sterling J. e f 6 Nesbitt , and Alan H. Turner 7 a 8 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen 9 K, DENMARK, [email protected] b 10 Natural History Museum of Utah and Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of 11 Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1214, USA c 12 Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of 13 Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UNITED KINGDOM d 14 Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 15 90007, USA e 16 Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 17 Virginia 24601 USA f 18 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 19 11794-8081, USA 20 21 Abstract 22 A new densely sampled palynological record from the vertebrate-bearing upper Chinle 23 Formation at Ghost Ranch in the Chama Basin of northwestern New Mexico provides insights 24 into the biostratigraphy and terrestrial ecosystem changes during the Late Triassic of 25 northwestern Pangaea. Spore-pollen assemblages from the Poleo Sandstone, Petrified Forest, Lindström et al. 2 26 and 'siltstone' members are dominated by pollen of corystospermous seed ferns (Alisporites) 27 and voltziacean conifers (Enzonalasporites, Patinasporites). Other abundant taxa include 28 Klausipollenites gouldii and the enigmatic fused tetrad Froelichsporites traversei, whereas 29 spores of ferns and fern allies are generally rare.
  • The First Occurrence of the Enigmatic Archosauriform Crosbysaurus Heckert 2004 from the Chinle Formation of Southern Utah Robert J

    The First Occurrence of the Enigmatic Archosauriform Crosbysaurus Heckert 2004 from the Chinle Formation of Southern Utah Robert J

    The first occurrence of the enigmatic archosauriform Crosbysaurus Heckert 2004 from the Chinle Formation of southern Utah Robert J. Gay and Isabella St. Aude Science Department, Mission Heights Preparatory High School, Casa Grande, AZ, USA ABSTRACT Originally identified as an ornithischian dinosaur, Crosbysaurus harrisae has been found in New Mexico, Arizona, and its type locality in Texas, as well as in North Carolina. The genus has been reassessed by other workers in light of reinterpretations about the postcrania of another putative Triassic ornithischian, Revueltosaurus. The understanding of Triassic dental faunas has become more complicated by the extreme convergence between pseudosuchian archosaurs and ornithischian dinosaur dental morphologies. We report here on a new specimen of Crosbysaurus (MNA V10666) from the Chinle Formation at Comb Ridge in southeastern Utah. This new specimen is assigned to Crosbysaurus sp. on the basis of the unique compound posterior denticles, labiolingual width, and curvature. While MNA V10666 does not help resolve the aYnities of Crosbysaurus, it does represent the extension of the geographic range of this taxon for approximately 250 kilometers. This is the first record of the genus Crosbysaurus in Utah and as such it represents the northernmost known record of this taxon. This indicates that Crosbysaurus was not limited to the southern area of the Chinle/Dockum deposition but instead was widespread across the Late Triassic paleoriver systems of western Pangea. The reported specimen was found in close association with a typical Late Triassic Chinle fauna, including phytosaurs, metoposaurs, and dinosauromorphs. Submitted 13 November 2014 Accepted 31 March 2015 Subjects Paleontology Published 21 April 2015 Keywords Crosbysaurus, Chinle Formation, Chinle, Utah, Comb Ridge, New occurance, Corresponding author New record, Triassic, Late Triassic, Archosaur Robert J.
  • Denison Olmsted (1791-1859), Scientist, Teacher, Christian: a Biographical Study of the Connection Of

    Denison Olmsted (1791-1859), Scientist, Teacher, Christian: a Biographical Study of the Connection Of

    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Gary Lee Schoepflin for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy in General Science presented on June 17, 1977 Title:DENISON OLMSTED (1791-1859), SCIENTIST, TEACHER, CHRISTIAN: A BIOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE CONNECTION OF SCIENCE WITH RELIGION IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Danie JJ one s A biographical study of Denison Olmsted, focusing upon his own Christian world view and its connection with his various activities in science, supports the view that religion served as a significant factor in the promotion of science in America during this time period. Olmsted taught physics, meteorology and astronomy at Yale from 1826 to 1859, and from this position of influence, helped mold the minds and outlook of a new generation of scientists, of hundreds of students who came to Yale to obtain a liberal educa- tion, and of those members of society who attended his popular lectures.Olmsted's personal perspective was that science was God-ordained, that it would ever harmonize with religion, that it was indeed a means of hastening the glorious millennium. Olmsted lived in an era characterized by an unprecedented revivalism and emphasis upon evangelical Christianity. He graduated from Yale (1813) at a time when its president, Reverend Dr. Timothy Dwight, one of the most influential clergymen in New England, was at the height of his fame. Olmsted subsequently studied theology under Dwight, but before completing his prepara- tion for the ministry, Olmsted was appointed to a professorship of science at the University of North Carolina where he taught from 1818 until he was called to Yale in 1826.
  • George P. Merrill Collection, Circa 1800-1930 and Undated

    George P. Merrill Collection, Circa 1800-1930 and Undated

    George P. Merrill Collection, circa 1800-1930 and undated Finding aid prepared by Smithsonian Institution Archives Smithsonian Institution Archives Washington, D.C. Contact us at [email protected] Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Historical Note.................................................................................................................. 1 Descriptive Entry.............................................................................................................. 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Series 1: PHOTOGRAPHS, CORRESPONDENCE AND RELATED MATERIAL CONCERNING INDIVIDUAL GEOLOGISTS AND SCIENTISTS, CIRCA 1800-1920................................................................................................................. 4 Series 2: PHOTOGRAPHS OF GROUPS OF GEOLOGISTS, SCIENTISTS AND SMITHSONIAN STAFF, CIRCA 1860-1930........................................................... 30 Series 3: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES (HAYDEN SURVEYS), CIRCA 1871-1877..............................................................................................................
  • Grooves to Tubes: Evolution of the Venom Delivery System in a Late Triassic “Reptile”

    Grooves to Tubes: Evolution of the Venom Delivery System in a Late Triassic “Reptile”

    Archived version from NCDOCKS Institutional Repository http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/ Grooves to Tubes: Evolution of the Venom Delivery System in a Late Triassic “reptile” By: Andrew B. Heckert, Jonathan S. Mitchell & Hans-Dieter Sues Abstract Venom delivery systems occur in a wide range of extant and fossil vertebrates and are primarily based on oral adaptations. Teeth range from unmodified (Komodo dragons) to highly specialized fangs similar to hypodermic needles (protero- and solenoglyphous snakes). Developmental biolo- gists have documented evidence for an infolding pathway of fang evolution, where the groove folds over to create the more derived condition. However, the oldest known members of venomous clades retain the same condition as their extant relatives, resulting in no fossil evidence for the transition. Based on a comparison of previously known specimens with newly discovered teeth from North Carolina, we describe a new species of the Late Triassic archosauriform Uatchitodon and provide detailed analyses that provide evidence for both venom conduction and document a complete structural series from shallow grooves to fully enclosed tubular canals. While known only from teeth, Uatchitodon is highly diagnostic in possessing compound serrations and for having two venom canals on each tooth in the dentition. Further, although not a snake, Uatchitodon sheds light on the evolutionary trajectory of venom delivery systems in amniotes and provide solid evidence for venom conduction in archosaur-line diapsids. Andrew B. Heckert, Jonathan S. Mitchell & Hans-Dieter Sues (2010) "Grooves to Tubes: Evolution of the Venom Delivery System in a Late Triassic “reptile” Naturwissenschaften Volume 97 Issue 12 pp. 1117-1121 Version of Record Available from (www.researchgate.net) Introduction Venom-conducting teeth are a complex adaptation that has evolved in a wide range of vertebrates, with recent claims providing evidence for venom delivery in conodonts (Szaniawski 2009), the Komodo dragon (Fry et al.
  • Evolution of the Venom Delivery System in a Late Triassic “Reptile”

    Evolution of the Venom Delivery System in a Late Triassic “Reptile”

    Naturwissenschaften (2010) 97:1117–1121 DOI 10.1007/s00114-010-0729-0 SHORT COMMUNICATION Grooves to tubes: evolution of the venom delivery system in a Late Triassic “reptile” Jonathan S. Mitchell & Andrew B. Heckert & Hans-Dieter Sues Received: 21 July 2010 /Revised: 24 September 2010 /Accepted: 12 October 2010 /Published online: 9 November 2010 # Springer-Verlag (outside the USA) 2010 Abstract Venom delivery systems occur in a wide range of known only from teeth, Uatchitodon is highly diagnostic in extant and fossil vertebrates and are primarily based on oral possessing compound serrations and for having two venom adaptations. Teeth range from unmodified (Komodo dragons) canals on each tooth in the dentition. Further, although not a to highly specialized fangs similar to hypodermic needles snake, Uatchitodon sheds light on the evolutionary trajectory (protero- and solenoglyphous snakes). Developmental biolo- of venom delivery systems in amniotes and provide solid gists have documented evidence for an infolding pathway of evidence for venom conduction in archosaur-line diapsids. fang evolution, where the groove folds over to create the more derived condition. However, the oldest known members of Keywords Venom . Uatchitodon . Uatchitodon schneideri . venomous clades retain the same condition as their extant Evolutionary trajectory . Triassic relatives, resulting in no fossil evidence for the transition. Based on a comparison of previously known specimens with newly discovered teeth from North Carolina, we describe a Introduction new species of the Late Triassic archosauriform Uatchitodon and provide detailed analyses that provide evidence for both Venom-conducting teeth are a complex adaptation that has venom conduction and document a complete structural series evolved in a wide range of vertebrates, with recent claims from shallow grooves to fully enclosed tubular canals.
  • Olmsted, Denison

    Olmsted, Denison

    Published on NCpedia (https://www.ncpedia.org) Home > Olmsted, Denison Olmsted, Denison [1] Share it now! Average: 3.5 (2 votes) Olmsted, Denison by John M. Parker III, 1991 18 June 1791–13 May 1859 An 1860 engraving of Deniston Olmstead. Image from Archive.org. [2]Denison Olmsted, teacher and physical scientist, was born in East Hartford, Conn., into a family of early New England settlers. He was the fourth child of Nathaniel Olmsted, a respected farmer of moderate means and a descendant of John Olmsted, who emigrated from Essex, England, to Connecticut in 1632. His mother was Eunice Kingsbury Olmsted (1755–1846), the daughter of Denison Kingsbury of Andover, Conn. His father died when Denison was a year old. In 1800 his mother remarried and the family moved to Farmington, Conn. During several winters Olmsted lived with the family of Governor John Treadwell [3], who befriended and tutored him. His mother strongly influenced his religious and moral training and encouraged his interest in learning. After clerking in a country store, Olmsted was prepared for college by James Morris of Litchfield South Farms and later by the Reverend Noah Porter in Farmington. He entered Yale College in 1809 and was graduated high in his class in 1813 with a B.A. degree. A classmate was Elisha Mitchell [4], with whom he continued a personal and professional association. For the next two years Olmsted taught in a private school for boys in New London, Conn.; in 1815 Mitchell took charge of a girls' school in the same town, where both men met their future wives.