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Clinical Skills Anatomy Handbook
College of Medical and Dental Sciences M3-CSA-Y18 Clinical Core 2 Clinical Skills Anatomy Handbook 2018-2019 CC2 This course guide has been written to provide outline course content and some elements of background reading to the clinical skills anatomy course at the beginning of Year 3. It is intended as a guide only, to supplement learning within a clinical context at the Teaching Academies as part of Clinical Core 2 component of the course. It is not intended as a replacement for texts on the subject of anatomy and provides the main context rather than the whole content of the course. Any comments about its contents should be directed towards [email protected] Course Guide Version 1 Prepared by Jamie Coleman, David Morley, and Joanne Wilton August 2014 Updated August 2017 CSA 2 CC2 CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................................. 4 Background and Context ........................................................................................ 4 What is the Clinical Skills Anatomy course? ........................................................... 4 The course includes ............................................................................................... 4 Lectures ................................................................................................................. 4 SGT ........................................................................................................................ 4 PBL CSA eCases .................................................................................................. -
Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and Main Principals Of
Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and main principals of anatomical, pharmaceutical and clinical terminology (Student's book) Simferopol, 2017 Contents No. Topics Page 1. UNIT I. Latin language history. Phonetics. Alphabet. Vowels and consonants classification. Diphthongs. Digraphs. Letter combinations. 4-13 Syllable shortness and longitude. Stress rules. 2. UNIT II. Grammatical noun categories, declension characteristics, noun 14-25 dictionary forms, determination of the noun stems, nominative and genitive cases and their significance in terms formation. I-st noun declension. 3. UNIT III. Adjectives and its grammatical categories. Classes of adjectives. Adjective entries in dictionaries. Adjectives of the I-st group. Gender 26-36 endings, stem-determining. 4. UNIT IV. Adjectives of the 2-nd group. Morphological characteristics of two- and multi-word anatomical terms. Syntax of two- and multi-word 37-49 anatomical terms. Nouns of the 2nd declension 5. UNIT V. General characteristic of the nouns of the 3rd declension. Parisyllabic and imparisyllabic nouns. Types of stems of the nouns of the 50-58 3rd declension and their peculiarities. 3rd declension nouns in combination with agreed and non-agreed attributes 6. UNIT VI. Peculiarities of 3rd declension nouns of masculine, feminine and neuter genders. Muscle names referring to their functions. Exceptions to the 59-71 gender rule of 3rd declension nouns for all three genders 7. UNIT VII. 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension nouns in combination with II class adjectives. Present Participle and its declension. Anatomical terms 72-81 consisting of nouns and participles 8. UNIT VIII. Nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions and their combination with 82-89 adjectives 9. -
The LATIN LANGUAGE and Bases of Medical Terminology
The LATIN LANGUAGE and Bases of Medical Terminology The LATIN LANGUAGE and Bases of Medical Terminology ОДЕСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ THE ODESSA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Áiáëiîòåêà ñòóäåíòà-ìåäèêà Medical Student’s Library Започатковано 1999 р. на честь 100-річчя Одеського державного медичного університету (1900–2000 рр.) Initiated in 1999 to mark the Centenary of the Odessa State Medical University (1900–2000) 2 THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND BASES OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Practical course Recommended by the Central Methodical Committee for Higher Medical Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as a manual for students of higher medical educational establishments of the IV level of accreditation using English Odessa The Odessa State Medical University 2008 3 BBC 81.461я73 UDC 811.124(075.8)61:001.4 Authors: G. G. Yeryomkina, T. F. Skuratova, N. S. Ivashchuk, Yu. O. Kravtsova Reviewers: V. K. Zernova, doctor of philological sciences, professor of the Foreign Languages Department of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy L. M. Kim, candidate of philological sciences, assistant professor, the head of the Department of Foreign Languages, Latin Language and Bases of Medical Terminology of the Vinnitsa State Medical University named after M. I. Pyrogov The manual is composed according to the curriculum of the Latin lan- guage and bases of medical terminology for medical higher schools. Designed to study the bases of general medical and clinical terminology, it contains train- ing exercises for the class-work, control questions and exercises for indivi- dual student’s work and the Latin-English and English-Latin vocabularies (over 2,600 terms). For the use of English speaking students of the first year of study at higher medical schools of IV accreditation level. -
Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall, Pulmonary Cavities, and Mediastinum
3 Anatomy of the Thoracic Wall, Pulmonary Cavities, and Mediastinum KENNETH P. ROBERTS, PhD AND ANTHONY J. WEINHAUS, PhD CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF THE THORAX BONES OF THE THORACIC WALL MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL NERVES OF THE THORACIC WALL VESSELS OF THE THORACIC WALL THE SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM THE MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM THE POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM PLEURA AND LUNGS SURFACE ANATOMY SOURCES 1. INTRODUCTION the thorax and its associated muscles, nerves, and vessels are The thorax is the body cavity, surrounded by the bony rib covered in relationship to respiration. The surface anatomical cage, that contains the heart and lungs, the great vessels, the landmarks that designate deeper anatomical structures and sites esophagus and trachea, the thoracic duct, and the autonomic of access and auscultation are reviewed. The goal of this chapter innervation for these structures. The inferior boundary of the is to provide a complete picture of the thorax and its contents, thoracic cavity is the respiratory diaphragm, which separates with detailed anatomy of thoracic structures excluding the heart. the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Superiorly, the thorax A detailed description of cardiac anatomy is the subject of communicates with the root of the neck and the upper extrem- Chapter 4. ity. The wall of the thorax contains the muscles involved with 2. OVERVIEW OF THE THORAX respiration and those connecting the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. The wall of the thorax is responsible for protecting the Anatomically, the thorax is typically divided into compart- contents of the thoracic cavity and for generating the negative ments; there are two bilateral pulmonary cavities; each contains pressure required for respiration. -
Percussion and Auscultation of the Chest
Percussion and auscultation of the chest Dr Ali Omar Abdelaziz Assistant prof. of chest disease Surface anatomy lung fissures Oblique fissure Oblique fissure starts at the second dorsal spine posteriorly and passes obliquely around the chest to end at the 6th costal cartilage anteriorly. It separates upper from lower lobes Transverse fissure Transverse fissure presents on the right side, stars at the 4th costochondral junction and passes laterally until it meets the major fissure in the midaxillary line. It separates upper from middle lobes. 2- Surface anatomy of the lung Anterior border It starts one inch above the medial third of the clavicle, and passes downward and medial behind sternocalvicular joint to reach the middle line at sternal angle. In the right side, it descends in the middle line to reach the level of the 6th costal cartilage. On the left side it reaches the 4th costal cartilage and then deviates for about one inch to the left of the sternum to reach the level of the 6th costal cartilage. Inferior border It starts from the 6th costal cartilage round the chest passing through 6th, 8th, and 10th ribs in the midclavicular, midaxillary, and infrascapular lines respectively. Right lung has 3 lobes upper and meddle (separated by the transverse fissure) and lower lobes (separated from upper and middle lobes by oblique fissure) Left lung has 2 lobes upper and lower lobes (separated by oblique fissure). Lines of the chest Midsternal Line: A vertical line down the middle of sternum Parasternal Line: A vertical line along lateral edge of sternum Mid-Clavicular Line: A vertical line from middle of clavicle Anterior Axillary Line: A vertical line along anterior axillary fold Mid-Axillary Line: A vertical line at mid point between anterior and posterior axillary line. -
Anatomy of the Axilla
Anatomy of the Axilla Axilla(Arm pit) AXILLA • A pyramid-shaped space between the upper part of the arm and the side of the chest through which major neurovascular structures pass between neck & thorax and upper limbs. • Axilla has an apex, a base and four walls. Axilla is a space ▪4 Sided pyramid ▪Apex connected to the neck=Inlet ▪Base Arm pit= Outlet ▪Anterior wall ▪Posterior wall ▪Medial wall ▪Lateral wall Boundaries of the Axilla ▪ Apex: 1 C L ▪ Is directed upwards & A R medially to the root of I B the neck. V I ▪ It is called C LE • Cervicoaxillary canal. ▪ It is bounded, by 3 bones: • Clavicle anteriorly. • Upper border of the scapula posteriorly. • Outer border of the first rib medially. Base • Axillary fascia and Skin of the arm pit Anterior wall 1. Pectoralis major 2. Pectoralis minor 3. Subclavius muscles 4. Clavipectoral fascia Pectoralis Major provides movement and support in – the front of the shoulder. The muscle has two heads; the clavicular head originates from the more midline half of the clavicle, and the sternocostal head originates from the manubrium and sternum (chest bone). This muscle inserts into the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus on the humerus. When the two heads of the pectoralis major act together, they flex, adduct and medially rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint. The pectoralis minor muscle is a small triangular – shaped muscle that lies deep to pectoralis major muscle and passes as three muscular slips from the thoracic wall (ribs III to V) to the coracoid process of the scapula. -
Anatomy for the Acupuncturist – Facts & Fiction 2: the Chest, Abdomen, and Back
6419/37 AIM21(3) 30/9/03 3:02 PM Page 72 Downloaded from aim.bmj.com on October 30, 2012 - Published by group.bmj.com Papers Anatomy for the Acupuncturist – Facts & Fiction 2: The Chest, Abdomen, and Back Elmar Peuker, Mike Cummings Elmar T Peuker Summary senior lecturer Anatomy knowledge, and the skill to apply it, is arguably the most important facet of safe and competent Department of Anatomy acupuncture practice. The authors believe that an acupuncturist should always know where the tip of their Clinical Anatomy Division needle lies with respect to the relevant anatomy so that vital structures can be avoided and so that the University of Muenster intended target for stimulation can be reached. This article reviews clinically relevant anatomy for Muenster, Germany somatic needling of the chest and abdomen. Mike Cummings medical director Keywords BMAS Anatomy, acupuncture points. Correspondence: Elmar Peuker Introduction The first rib usually cannot be palpated from the [email protected] This is the second of a series of articles that ventral side as it is covered by the clavicle – the highlight human anatomy issues of relevance to best approach is from the supraclavicular region, acupuncture practitioners. Whilst the framework between the posterior surface of the clavicle and of the articles is built around anatomical structures the anterior border of the descending upper fibres that should be avoided when needling, the aim is of the trapezius muscle. The first palpable rib on not to frighten practitioners, but rather to instil the ventral surface is the second rib. It is located at confidence in safe needling techniques. -
Latin Term Latin Synonym UK English Term American English Term English
General Anatomy Latin term Latin synonym UK English term American English term English synonyms and eponyms Notes Termini generales General terms General terms Verticalis Vertical Vertical Horizontalis Horizontal Horizontal Medianus Median Median Coronalis Coronal Coronal Sagittalis Sagittal Sagittal Dexter Right Right Sinister Left Left Intermedius Intermediate Intermediate Medialis Medial Medial Lateralis Lateral Lateral Anterior Anterior Anterior Posterior Posterior Posterior Ventralis Ventral Ventral Dorsalis Dorsal Dorsal Frontalis Frontal Frontal Occipitalis Occipital Occipital Superior Superior Superior Inferior Inferior Inferior Cranialis Cranial Cranial Caudalis Caudal Caudal Rostralis Rostral Rostral Apicalis Apical Apical Basalis Basal Basal Basilaris Basilar Basilar Medius Middle Middle Transversus Transverse Transverse Longitudinalis Longitudinal Longitudinal Axialis Axial Axial Externus External External Internus Internal Internal Luminalis Luminal Luminal Superficialis Superficial Superficial Profundus Deep Deep Proximalis Proximal Proximal Distalis Distal Distal Centralis Central Central Periphericus Peripheral Peripheral One of the original rules of BNA was that each entity should have one and only one name. As part of the effort to reduce the number of recognized synonyms, the Latin synonym peripheralis was removed. The older, more commonly used of the two neo-Latin words was retained. Radialis Radial Radial Ulnaris Ulnar Ulnar Fibularis Peroneus Fibular Fibular Peroneal As part of the effort to reduce the number of synonyms, peronealis and peroneal were removed. Because perone is not a recognized synonym of fibula, peronealis is not a good term to use for position or direction in the lower limb. Tibialis Tibial Tibial Palmaris Volaris Palmar Palmar Volar Volar is an older term that is not used for other references such as palmar arterial arches, palmaris longus and brevis, etc. -
Human Anatomy
G. KYALYAN R. PETROSYAN HUMAN ANATOMY Adapted course for foreign students Volume I The weight-bearing and locomotor system Yerevan 2000 INTRODUCTION THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN ANATOMY The science of human anatomy is the study of the form and structure of the human body (and the organs and systems which form it) and the regularities of the development of this structure in relation to its function and external environment. The study of anatomy previously dealt with a single problem: how the body is built. The object of the old descriptive anatomy was description of the structure of the body. In modern anatomy, however, description is a means rather than an end, one of the methods used the studying the human body structure. This method gives modern anatomy its descriptive aspect. Modern anatomy, however, attempts to explain not only how the organism is formed, but why it is so formed. To answer this second question, it is necessary to investigate both internal and external relationships of the organism. Anatomy, therefore, studies not only the structure of the modern adult human being, but investigates the human organism in its historical development. With this in mind, the following three points shut be considered. 1. The development of the human genus in relation to the evolutionary process of the lower life forms. This study is called phylogenesis (Gk. phylon genus, genesis development) and uses the data of comparative anatomy, which compares the structures of various animals and man. 2. The formation and development of the human being in relation to the development of society. -
6. Surface Markings of the Thorax
Henry Gray (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. 6. Surface Markings of the Thorax Bony Landmarks.—The second costal cartilage corresponding to the sternal angle is so 1 readily found that it is used as a starting-point from which to count the ribs. The lower border of the Pectoralis major at its attachment corresponds to the fifth rib; the uppermost visible digitation of Serratus anterior indicates the sixth rib. The jugular notch is in the same horizontal plane as the lower border of the body of the 2 second thoracic vertebra; the sternal angle is at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, while the junction between the body and xiphoid process of the sternum corresponds to the fibrocartilage between the ninth and tenth thoracic vertebræ. The influence of the obliquity of the ribs on horizontal levels in the thorax is well shown 3 by the following line. “If a horizontal line be drawn around the body at the level of the inferior angle of the scapula, while the arms are at the sides, the line would cut the sternum in front between the fourth and fifth ribs, the fifth rib in the nipple line, and the ninth rib at the vertebral column.” (Treves). Diaphragm.—The shape and variations of the diaphragm as seen by skiagraphy have 4 already been described (page 407). Surface Lines.—For clinical purposes, and for convenience of description, the surface of 5 the thorax has been mapped out by arbitrary lines (Fig. 1220). On the front of the thorax the most important vertical lines are the midsternal, the middle line of the sternum; and the mammary, or, better midclavicular, which runs vertically downward from a point midway between the center of the jugular notch and the tip of the acromion. -
Ingrid Hodorová, Assoc. Prof., MD, Phd., Zuzana Kováčová MD
Ingrid Hodorová, Assoc. Prof., MD, PhD., Zuzana Kováčová MD THORAX – SKELETON, JOINTS, MUSCLES, ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY, VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE, INNERVATION, REGIONAL ANATOMY THORAX: - upper part of the trunk - box for vital organs Boundaries: external upper: 1/ jugular notch 2/ clavicule 3/ acromion of scapula 4/ spine of C7 (vertebra prominens) external lower: 1/ xiphoid process 2/ left and right costal arches 3/ vertebra Th12 internal upper: 1/ superior thoracic aperture (made from jugular notch, 1st pair of ribs, vertebra Th1) internal lower: 1/ inferior thoracic aperture (full filed by diaphragm, which extends on the right side to the 4th intercostal space (ICS), on the left side extends to the 5th ICS) ARTEFICIAL LINES ON THE THORAX: unpaired: 1/ anterior median line 2/ posterior median line paired: 1/ sternal line 2/ parasternal line 3/ mid-clavicular line 4/ anterior axillary line 5/ midddle axillary line 6/ posterior axillary line 7/ scapular line 8/ paravertebral line THORACIC WALL: 1st layer (proper thoracic wall): 1/ osteothorax (ribs, sternum, Th vertebrae + their joints) 2/ proper mm. of thoracic wall (intercostal muscles, transversus thoracis m., subcostalis m.) 3/ intrinsic mm. of the back (erector spinae m.) 4/ intercostal neuro-vascular bundle (vein, artery, nerve) 5/ endothoracic fascia 6/ parietal pleura 2nd layer (middle): 1/pectoral fascia 2/ thoracohumeral mm. 3/spinohumeral mm. 4/spinocostal mm. 3rd layer (superficial): 1/ skin 2/ subcutaneous tissue + mammary gland 3/ superficial structures (supraclavicular nn., intercostobrachial nn., thoracoepigastric vv.) OSTEOTHORAX: Thoracic vertebrae (12): 1/ body - costal facets, 2/ arch - vertebral notches – intervertebral foramen, vertebral foramen 3/ processes – transverse, sup.