Journal of Bioresource Management

Volume 8 Issue 3 Article 7

Abundance and Distribution of the Forest in Different Algerian Ecosystems

Zakaria Hedjouli Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, , , [email protected]

Wafa Habbachi Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria., [email protected]

Fatiha Masna Department of Natural Sciences, Ens Taleb Ebderrahman, , Algeria, [email protected]

Saliha Benhissen Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria., [email protected]

Sarra Habbachi Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria, [email protected]

See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm

Part of the Forest Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons

Recommended Citation Hedjouli, Z., Habbachi, W., Masna, F., Benhissen, S., Habbachi, S., Asloum, A., & Tahraoui, A. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of the Forest Cockroaches in Different Algerian Ecosystems, Journal of Bioresource Management, 8 (3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.1202.0196 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: Apr 10, 2021; Accepted: Apr 29, 2021; Published: Aug 26, 2021)

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abundance and Distribution of the Forest Cockroaches in Different Algerian Ecosystems

Authors Zakaria Hedjouli, Wafa Habbachi, Fatiha Masna, Saliha Benhissen, Sarra Habbachi, Abdelmadjid Yagoub Asloum, and Abdelkrim Tahraoui

© Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Journal of Bioresource Management does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved. For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or Journal of Bioresource Management’s prior written permission.

This article is available in Journal of Bioresource Management: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm/vol8/ iss3/7 Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOREST COCKROACHES IN DIFFERENT ALGERIAN ECOSYSTEMS

ZAKARIA HEDJOULI1, WAFA HABBACHI1, FATIHA MASNA2, SALIHA BENHISSEN3, SARRA HABBACHI1, ABDELMADJID YAGOUB ASLOUM4, AND ABDELKRIM TAHRAOUI1

1Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria. 2Department of Natural Sciences, Ens Taleb Ebderrahman, Laghouat, Algeria. 3 Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria. 4Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria

Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Forests have many species that are unique to biodiversity and play a crucial role in the functioning of ecosystems. Forest cockroaches are the best example of forest litter , which also help decompose fallen leaves. The composition of the Blattoptera fauna can vary from one region to another, depending on the habitat and numerous biotic and abiotic factors In order to study the diversity, abundance, and distribution of forest cockroaches in different Algeria ecosystems, we have selected four sites from three Wilayas: Senalba (), Ain achir (Annaba), Seraidi (Annaba), and Lehnaya (El-taref). These sites are classified into two distinct forest groups (Pinus halepensis and Quercus canariensis). In all areas, the samples were collected each month manually, starting from April 2019 until March 2020. We have collected 1231 individuals of cockroaches and describe eight species from all locations: Loboptera ovolobata (Bohn, 1991), Loboptera decipiens (Germar, 1817), Ectobius kervillei (Bolivar, 1907), Dziriblatta nigriventris (Chopard, 1936), Dziriblatta stenoptera (Chopard, 1937), Phyllodromica zebra (Rhen, 1903), Dziriblatta sp. (Chopard, 1936) and some Ectobius (Stephens, 1835) specimens have not yet been identified. With 51% L. decipiens was the most abundant species, followed by L. ovolobata with 27%. Despite that, the number of larvae was substantially higher than the number of adults in all forests examined. However, the abundance and biodiversity of cockroaches in the Djelfa forest were greater than those of the other woods. This study made it possible to characterize the diversity and dynamics of species populations in different Algerian ecosystems according to diverse Mediterranean forests.

Keywords: Biodiversity, abundance, distribution, forest cockroaches, Algerian forests.

INTRODUCTION

Biodiversity is proposed to be Insects are arguably the most diverse necessary for the rate of ecosystem taxon, with an estimated 5-10 functions (Gamfeldt, 2008). A critical million species (Odegaard, 2000; Niven et feature of biodiversity that regulates al., 2008). Forests have many insect ecological processes and properties is the species that are unique to biodiversity and abundance of organisms, functional play a crucial role in the functioning of classes, and genotypes (Chapin et al., ecosystems (Sekour et al., 2010). Insects 1997). 67

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78 living in the forest have ecological need, and diversity of forest cockroach species in and a wide variety of organisms play a various locations across Algeria. vital role in organic matter decomposition. (leaves, twigs, roots, etc.). They recycle MATERIAL AND METHODS dead organic matter and recreate the cycle of the material necessary for the forest's Study Area existence (Habbachi, 2013). Among these insects, To study cockroach's cockroaches, which constitute the oldest biological diversity in different ecosystems group of insects, have existed since the in Algeria, we have chosen four sites period. Cockroaches were distributed over three states, each too abundant during the Carboniferous containing a particular type of trees and Period (Koehler and Patterson, 1987) and plant varieties (Figure 1). considered the most primitive of the (S1): Senalba forest, 34°39’44” Pterygotes. This fauna varies in the hot and N;3°09’38” E, adjacent in the wilaya of humid regions of Africa and tropical Djelfa, situated at an altitude of 1140 America (Guthrie and Tindall, 1968; meters, is a picturesque natural site attracts Grandcolas, 1998). Forest cockroaches are many eyes. This forest occupies 19,800 the best example of forest litter insects, hectares and comprises 95% of Aleppo's which also help decompose fallen leaves. pine trees and other plant varieties and The composition of the Blattoptera fauna characterized with a semi-arid climate. can vary from one region to another, (S2): Seraidi forest, 36°54’29” N; depending on the habitat and numerous 7°41’11” E, located in the city of Saraidi biotic and abiotic factors (Rust et al., (Annaba), on Mount Edog (850 meters 1995). Variability of habitats and above sea level) in a forested area adaptation to climatic factors cause surrounded by an intense mountain range considerable variation (Cornwell, 1968). that covers the entire eastern side of the The African species country, where oak, oak, and Aleppo pine inventory is far from complete. Few trees abound and it belongs to the humid researches have been conducted on the climate stage. fauna of Orthopteroids, especially (S3): Ain Achir forest, 36°57’21” , in North Africa. Chopard N; 7°46’31” E, it is a forest near the beach (1929; 1943) describes and identifies the of Ain Achir, at an altitude of 50 meters fauna of Orthopteroids, including from the sea level, and it belongs to the cockroaches. In Algeria, little work has wilaya of Annaba. This forest is covered been done on this subject. In order to with clusters of oak and oak trees and it's compile a list of woodland cockroaches, characterized by a humid climate. we cite the work of Cherairia (2004), (S4): Lehnaya forest, 36°51’26N; Habbachi (2013) in the northeastern region 8°12’01’’E, a forest located in the of Algeria, Masna (2016) in the semi-arid of (El-Tarf regions of Aflou (Laghouat) and Djelfa, wilaya), which is situated at an altitude of and that of Azoui (2017) in the region of 54 meters from the sea level and Batna. Due to a lack of knowledge on characterized by the diversity of the cockroach populations in Algerian forest environment and forest and animal habitats, we decided to perform this survey components density and beautiful stretches to estimate species occurrence and of forests made of cork, pine and oak trees. biodiversity. Therefore, the aim of this this forest is part of a humid climate. research is to establish the composition

68

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

Figure 1: Location of the four forest sites studied.

(S1: Senalba, S2: Seraidi, S3: Ain Achir, S4: Lehnaya).

descriptive variables used for data Cockroaches Sampling interpretation being the structural and operational indexes of stands. Relative The cockroaches were hand- frequency (Dajoz, 1971), frequency of gathered inside the litter and searched occurrence (Dajoz, 1982) and density under the stones and on the branches. 2 (Shannon, 1963), and nonparametric Captures were made in four plots of 1 m indices of biodiversity description, species each, for 2 hours in the morning. Monthly richness (Ramade, 1984), Shannon index captures were made from April 2019 to (Daget, 1976), and evenness (Ramade, March 2020. 1984). The specimens were stored in alcohol (70%) and later returned for RESULTS identification to the laboratory. Every sample consisted of oothecae, young The catches performed over larvae (YL) containing the first two larvae, 12 months from April 2019 to March 2020 aged larvae (AL) represented by the rest of resulted in a collection of 1231 larvae, and the adults (AD). Chopard individuals, including 140 adults, 692 (1951) guidelines were used for the young larvae, and 399 older larvae, as well identification of various cockroach species as 27 oothecae (Table 2). The specimens captured. gathered all belongs to the subfamily Ectobiinae (Order: Dictyoptera, Suborder: Data Analyses , Family: Blattellidae), with four genus (L. Ectobius, Dziriblatta, and To understand how Phyllodromica) and eight species: L. cockroach's biodiversity is spread decipiens (Germar, 1817), L. ovolobata throughout the different woods, with (Bohn, 1991), E. kervillei (Bolivar, 1907), 69

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

Ectobius sp (Stephens, 1835), D. of 431 individuals, followed by the forest stenoptera (Chopard, 1937), D. of Ain Achir (359 individuals). Then the nigriventris (Chopard, 1936), Dziriblatta forest of Seraidi (246 individuals), and sp. (Chopard, 1936) and P. zebra (Rhen, finally the forest of Lahnaya with 195 1903). Generally, catches were more individuals. abundant in the Senalba forest, with a total

225 319 3 606 2 32 12 32

49%

18% 26%

Percentage % Percentage

■ 0.2% 0.2% 2.6%

1% 2.6%

Species

Figure 2: Percentages and the total number of species captured in the different forests.

The abundance of species in Dziriblatta sp. Appeared only during all forests was for L. decipiens, followed February and March. For the forest of by E. kervillei. Except for the Senalba Seraidi, both species were active most of forest, L. ovolobata was the most abundant the year. Simultaneously, the species of species, followed by L. decipiens, then Ph. Ain Achir forest were involved throughout Zebra. However, the abundance of all the the year (Table 1). studied areas shows that L. decipiens was Since March, the increase of the most abundant species with 49 % of cockroaches among all species in the the populating, followed by L. ovolobata forests of Senalba began, this forest (26 %) than E. kervillei with an abundance revealed high individuals’ density during of 18 % (Figure 2). April of May compared to the other The phenogram of the species months. In the summer (June–August) and inventoried in the Senalba forest, revealed early autumn (September), there was a that most of the species (Dz. stenoptera, D. marked drop in the abundance, from which nigriventris and Ph. zebra) have an annual there was a second rises in the number of activity and the majority disappear from individuals. However, it is not the same July-December. Only L. ovolobatta is case as the other forest species, which present in the forest throughout the year. increased from April and reached its The phenogram also shows that Ectobius climax during May and June. And sp. only appeared during the month of decrease starting from July to grow for the February. For the East forests, Lehnaya second time from September (Figure 3,4, shows that L. decipiens and E. kervillei 5, 6). were present most of the months while 70

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

Table 1: Phenogram of cockroaches collected in the Algerian forests during the study period.

Species

Forests

May

Mar

Aug

Apr Nov

Jun Dec Feb

Sep Oct Jan

Jul

+ + + + + + +

Semi

L. decipiens

+ + + + + + + + + + + +

- L. ovolobata

arid regionarid

S (1)S

+ +

Dz. Stenoptera

+ + +

Dz. nigriventris

+ + +

Ph. zebra

+

Ectobius sp.

+ + + + + + + + + + +

S (2)S

L. decipiens

Humid regionHumid

+ + + + + + + +

E. kervillei

++

S (3)S

+ + + + + + + + + + +

L. decipiens

+ + + + + + + + + + + +

E. kervillei

+ + + + + + + + + + +

S (4)S L. decipiens

+ + + + + + + + +

E. kervillei

+ +

Dziriblatta sp.

Mar Feb Jan Ectobius sp. Dec Ph. zebra Nov Dz. stenoptera Oct L. ovolobata Dz. nigriventris Sep L. decipiens Aug Jul Jun May Apr

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Figure 3: Monthly population dynamics of cockroach species sampled in the Senalba forest between April 2019 and March 2020.

71

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

L. decipiens Mar E. kervillei Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

Figure 4: Monthly population dynamics of cockroach species sampled in the Seraidi forest between April 2019 and March 2020.

Mar L. decipiens E. kervillei Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr 100%80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Figure 5: Monthly population dynamics of cockroach species sampled in the Ain Achir Forest between April 2019 and March 2020.

72

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Dziriblatta sp. L. decipiens Oct E. kervillei Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Figure 6: Monthly population dynamics of cockroach species sampled in the Lehnaya forest between April 2019 and March 2020.

Table 2: Phenological stages distribution of the cockroach’s species individuals captured in the different forests of Algeria.

Phenological stage

Sites Cockroach species Ootheca YL AL AD Overall L. decipiens 1 1 27 6 35

Semi L. ovolobata 7 161 132 26 326

region Dz. Nigriventris 5 9 15 8 37

-

arid arid Senalba Dz. Stenoptera - 2 7 3 12

Ph. Zebra 3 5 16 11 35 Ectobius sp. - - - 2 12 L. decipiens 1 104 37 7 149

Humid regionHumid Lehnaya E. kervillei 2 14 23 7 46 Dziriblatta sp. 2 3 - - 5 L. decipiens 3 148 67 17 235 Ain Achir E. kervillei 3 83 22 22 130 L. decipiens - 119 43 14 176

Seraidi E. kervillei - 43 10 17 70 All species combined 27 692 399 140 1258

The difference in the number months varied according to species. About of individuals caught by forest types at the forest of Senalba the aged larvae were each phenological level and studied the most abundant in the number of the 73

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78 individual with 197, followed by the considered accidental species. But young larvae (178 individuals) then the regarding the seraidi forest L. decipiens adults with 56 individuals. While the forest was a constant species(C=91.67%), and E. of Lehnaya the highest number of kervillei was a regular one with (C%= individuals was for the young larvae 58.33%). Concerning the two other forests, followed by aged larvae (121 and 60 the species was considered as constant individuals respectively). However, the species except for Dziriblatta sp. In the forest of Ain Achir contained 231 forest of Lehnaya was it an accidental individuals of young larvae, 89 aged larvae species. In general, in the four forests, over and 39 adults. Nevertheless, in the forest 50% of species were constant (Table 3). of Seraidi the young larvae were also Regarding the relative frequency (F%) and abundant in number with 162 individuals density (D), the most abundant species in and 53 aged larvae (Table 2). the first forest was L. ovolobatta with F% Which concern the relative = 74.01% and a large density (D = 26.58 frequency in the Senalba forest, L. individuals per sample). L. decipiens was decipiens was the only regular species in the most abundant species in the other samples (C = 58%). Two species were three forests with a relative abundance of considered an accessory (Ph. Zebra and F% = 78.86% in Seraidi, F% = 75.9% in Dz. nigriventris), where L. ovolobata Lehnaya, and 63.79 in Ain achir . The presented the highest occurrence frequency density of this species was also important (C=100%). They are classified as a in these three forests with 16.17, 12.33 and constant species, while the two last species 19.08 individuals/sample, respectively (Dz. stenoptera, Ectobius sp.) with the (Table 3). lowest occurrence frequency C >25% are

Table 3: Occurrence (C %), relative frequency (F %), and density (D) of cockroaches species caught in the different forests of Algeria.

Forests Species C% F% D Semi region arid L. decipiens 58.33 7.89 2.83 L. ovolobata 100.00 74.01 26.58 Dz. Nigriventris 25.00 7.42 2.67 Senalba Dz. Stenoptera 8.33 2.78 1.00 Ph. Zebra 25.00 7.42 2.47

Ectobius sp. 8.33 0.46 0.17 L. decipiens 91.67 78.86 16.17

Humid regionHumid Seraidi E. kervillei 58.33 21.14 4.33 L. decipiens 91.67 75.90 12.33 Lehnaya E. kervillei 75.00 22.56 3.67 Dziriblatta sp. 16.67 1.54 0.25

L. decipiens 100.00 63.79 19.08 Ain Achir E. kervillei 100.00 35.93 10.75

74

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

7 Species richeness Shannon Index Shannon Index Max Evenness (%) 6

5

4

3

2

95 1 75 52 55 0 S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

Figure 7: Parameter diversity of cockroach species was captured in Algeria's different forests (S1: Senalba, S2: Seraidi, S3: Ain Achir, S4: Lehnaya).

Concerning the species their various inventories of flora and fauna richness, Senalba's pine forest had the (Ouelmouhoub, 2005). Algerian forests are most cockroach varieties of six species, followed by Lehnaya's forest, which had poorly known at the international level, three species. Biodiversity, as measured by except for a few citations in publications Shannon's index, was marginally higher in devoted to the Maghreb forests (mainly the Senalba area (H = 1.35, H max = 2.60), Morocco and ) (Berchiche, 1986; followed by Ain Achir forest (H = 0.95, H Azzioui et al., 2000). In general, the max = 1.00), then Lehnaya forest (H=0.88, forests of the Mediterranean rim are H max= 1.59), while the forest of seraidi characterized by an important flora and showed the lowest values of biodiversity fauna richness. They cover more than 81 (S = 2, H = 0.75, Hmax = 1.00). However, million hectares (9.4 % of the world's the highest value of evenness was for the forest area) and are made up of a mosaic of Ain achir with 94.57 %, while evenness forest species, mainly hardwoods (about was 74.66 % in the Seraidi forest and only 60 %). This area's fame is well established 52 % for Senalba forest. In general, the because of many natural parks (Houee, evenness values (E> 52 %) showed that 1996). stands were very equal in all forests and This study made it possible to populations were distributed fairly evenly. characterize the diversity and dynamics of (Figure 7). cockroach species populations in different Algerian ecosystems according to diverse DISCUSSION Mediterranean forests. It is worth noting the relatively wide ranges of flora and The forest system has fauna in Algerian forests from which over continued to attract researchers at the 200 species of insects have been identified national level, especially foresters for (Zereg, 2010). Nevertheless, not much management studies and ecologists for detail was available on Dictyoptera. Wildlife inventory of woodland habitats continues to excite scientists worldwide. In 75

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78 different forest management study, they rich in litter and offers a suitable habitat to have proved their usefulness (Habbachi, house a great diversity of microarthropods 2013). These seven species listed in this (Madej et al., 2011). study are already reported in different The insects found in the regions of Algeria, In the coastal region of forest have their ecological requirements, Annaba with wet climate two species (L. and many species play an essential role in decipiens, E. kervillei) have been the decomposition of organic matter identified (Habbachi, 2013), seven species (leaves, twigs, roots, etc.). They recycle (L. decipiens, L. ovolobata, Dz. dead organic matter and recreate the cycle nigriventris, Dz. stenoptera, Ph. zebra, Ph. of value necessary for the forest to exist. trivittata and Ectobius sp.) In the Djelfa Forest cockroaches are the best example of region (Masna et al., 2014; Masna, 2016) detritus-eating terrestrial insects that feed and six species in Belezma National Park on all waste (excrement, corpses, dead in the area by Batna (Azoui et al., 2016). leaves, etc.). As a result, they largely The composition of the colonize the soil (Dajoz, 1998). Aleppo Blattoptera fauna can vary from region to pine forests in the Mediterranean region region of the world, and habitat suitability foster soil properties that make these areas depends on many biotic and abiotic factors especially capable of containing a diverse (Rust et al., 1995). the characteristics of range of pathobiontic (Antunes the vegetation, the attributes of its litter, et al., 2008). and the climatic parameters are the most The species diversity in the critical factors involved in specifying these different forests studied can be confirmed insects' ecological niches (Schal et al., by the results obtained in the Est region of 2008). Besides, the availability of water, Algeria by Habbachi (2013), who showed i.e., the humidity of the biotope, stimulates that cockroaches prefer eucalyptus litter of the growth of cockroach populations an alkaline nature than that of cork forests (Boyer, 2004). of an acid nature. Simultaneously, the Our results are similar to abundance of cockroaches in the latter type those of Masna et al. (2014) and Azoui et of litter could be explained by the fact that al. (2016), who demonstrated that the they prefer to live in basic soil. While the variety and distribution of cockroaches results in the south region of Algeria by was influenced by different vegetation Masna (2016) also show that the forests cover. This study also showed that the are rich in organic matter and organic patterns in the different phenological carbon. On the other hand, the soil rich in stages and the dynamics of the identified mineral matter plays an essential role in cockroach population found were very distributing cockroaches. Indeed, the soil close among the different types of properties of coniferous forests vary from woodland. This represents the strong those of deciduous forest, these impact of time shifts in temperature ecosystems' litter, which is primarily made conditions, which have been recorded and up of needles, exhibits distinct dynamic known for the direct effects on insects' and physicochemical properties (types of environment, populations, and their diet humus, humidity, rate of decomposition, (Chafaa et al., 2013). acidity, and renewal). Microfauna, types of The great diversity and undergrowth, organic matter, etc (Binkley number of cockroach species in the and Fisher, 2012). Senalba forest than other woods are probably linked to this habitat's ecological conditions. Although deciduous forests produce more waste, this environment is 76

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

CONCLUSİON Binkley D, Fisher R (2012). Ecology and Management of Forest Soils. New We were able to demonstrate York, NY, USA : Wiley. in the different Algerian forests the Boyer S (2004). Sélection de l’habitat chez existence of eight species of cockroaches: les blattes introduites/ endémiques L. decipiens, L. ovolobata, Dz. (Insectes : Dictyoptères). Exemple nigriventris, Dz. stenoptera, Dziriblatta de Mayotte et La Réunion. PhD sp., Ph. zebra, E. kervillei et Ectobius sp. thesis, Rennes 1 University, These cockroaches are present in forest Rennes, France. litter for most of the year with fluctuating Chafaa S, Biche M, Chenchouni H, numbers. During the inventory carried out Sellami M, Si Bachir A (2013). in the four different forests, we were able Effet du climat et de l’exposition to show that the distribution of these sur la dynamique des populations cockroaches differs depending on the de la cochenille violette, Parlatoria altitude, the climatic conditions and the oleae Colvée ( : predominant plant species. we have also Diaspididae), en conditions arides. shown that the Senalba forest is the richest Annales de la Société in species than the other forests. entomologique de France 49 : 291– 297. REFERENCES Chapin FS, Walker BH, Hobbs RJ, Hooper DU, Lawton JH, Sala OE, Tilman Antunes SC, Pereira R, Sousa JP, Santos D (1997). Biotic control over the MC, Gonçalves F (2008). Spatial functioning of ecosystems. Science, and temporal distribution of litter 277(5325), 500-504. arthropods in different vegetation Cherairia M (2004). Les blattes dans l’est covers of Porto Santo Island algérien () inventaire, (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal). biométrie et biotypologie. MSc, Eur J Soil Biol., 44 : 45–56. Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Azoui I (2017). Inventaire de la faune Algeria. blattoptère urbaine et forestière Chopard L (1929). Note sur les dans la région de Batna avec Orthoptères du Hoggar. Bulletin de caractérisation des principales la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de espèces d’intérêt et essais de lutte. l'Afrique du Nord., 20 : 234–246. PhD thesis, Université de Batna 2. Chopard L (1943). Orthoptéroïdes de Azoui I, Frah N, Habbachi W, Ouakid ML, l’Afrique du Nord (I. Faune de Nia B (2016). Biodiversity and l’empire français). Paris, France : population dynamics of litter- Larose. dwelling cockroaches in Belezma Chopard L (1951). Orthoptéroïdes. Faune National Park (Algeria). Turk Zool de France. Tome 56. Paris, Derg., 40(2), 231-240. France : Lechevalier. Azzioui O, Sgaouri A, Fennane M (2000). Cornwell P B (1968). The cockroach. A Valeur écologique et biogéographie laboratory insect and an industrial du genre Genista (L.) au Maroc. pest. Vol I, 116 pp. Lagascalia, 21 :263-278. Daget P (1976). Mathematicalmodels in Berchiche T (1986). Contribution à l’étude ecology. (ed). Masson. Paris, 172. socio- économique de la forêt Dajoz R (1971). Précis d'écologie. Dunod algérienne. Mémoire de Magister (Ed.) Paris, 434 pp. INA – Alger. Dajoz R (1982). Précis d'écologie Ed. Bordas Paris, 483pp. 77

Hedjouli et al. (2021). Abundance and Distribution of cockroaches in Algeria. J Biores Manag., 8(3): 67-78

Dajoz R (1998). Les insectes de la forêt ; forestières des pinèdes de la région Rôle et diversité des insectes dans de Djelfa. Revue El Wahat pour les le milieu forestier – Technique et Recherches et les Etudes, 7, 1-6. documentation. Niven JE, Graham CM, Burrows M Gamfeldt L, Hillebrand H, Jonsson P R (2008). Diversity and evolution of (2008). Multiple functions increase the insect ventral nerve cord. Annu the importance of biodiversity for Rev Entomol., 53: 253-271. overall ecosystem Odegaard F (2000). How many species of functioning. Ecology., 89(5) arthropods? Erwin's estimate Grandcolas P (1998). The evolutionary revised. Biol J Linn Soc., 71(4), interplay of social behaviour, 583-597. resource use and antipredator Ouelmouhoub S (2005). Gestion multi- behavior in Zetoborinae, usage et conservation du Blaberinae, Gyninae and patrimoine forestier : cas des Diplopterinae cockroaches: a subéraies du Parc National d’El phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics., Kala (Algérie). MSc, n°78. Institut 14: 117-127. Agronomique Méditerranéen de Guthrie D M, Tindall A R (1968). The Montpellier, France. biology of the cockroach. The Ramade F (1984). Elements of ecology. biology of the cockroach. Fundam entalecology Ed. Mc Habbachi W (2013). Etude des Blattellidae Graw-Hill. Paris, 397. (Dictyoptera) : essais Rust MK, Owens JM, Reierson DA toxicologiques, synergie et (1995). Understanding and résistance aux et aux Controling the German biopesticides. PhD thesis, Cockroache. New York Oxford. Université de Annaba-Badji Oxford University Press, 430 pp. Mokhtar. Schal C, Gautier JY, Bell WJ (2008). Houee P (1996). Les politiques de Behavioural ecology of développement rural. INRA cockroaches. Biol Rev., 59: 209– Editions-Economica. 254. Koehler P G, Patterson R S (1987). The Sekour KY, Boucharia T, Sekour M, Asian roach invasion. Natural Soutto K, Doumanji S, Chakali G History., 96 (11), 28-35. (2010). Composition et structure Madej G, Barczyk G, Gawenda I (2011). des arthropodes échantillonnés Importance of microhabitat for grâce à la technique des pots preservation of species diversity, Barber à Souf (). Journées on the basis of mesostigmatid mites nationales de Zoologie Agricole et (Mesostigmata, Arachnida, Acari). forestière., 165. Pol J Environ Stud., 20 : 961–968. Shannon CE, Weaver Ew (1963). The Masna F (2016). Inventaire de la faune mathematical theory of Blattoptère urbaine et forestière communication. Urbana. dans la région aride de Laghouat. Zereg S (2010). Diagnostic écologique, Caractérisation des principales mise en valeur et conservation des espèces nuisibles et essais de lutte, Junipéraies de Juniperus phoenicea PhD thesis, University of Annaba de la région de Djerma (Nord-est (Algeria). 153p. du Parc National de Belezma, Masna F, Habbachi W, Mecheri H, Ouakid Batna). MSc, Hadj Lakhdar M L, Adamou A E, Benhissen S University, Batna, Algeria. (2014). Inventaire des blattes 78