BOOK EDENEXT.Indd 1 20/07/2015 16:31 Contributors
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forest abundance culicoides trap plasmodium tick−borne genome bird parasite rna blood protein prevalence natural vector perniciosus model vole phlebotomus leishmania density focus horse presence zoonosis virus complex landscape human infectionglareolus rodent deer environment borrelia ecology ixodes−ricinus population west−nilesaliva emergence phagocytophilum disease season system questing serology dynamics identification dna outbreak fever control ature r spatial host molecular risk The impact mosquito tempe lineage wild incidence phlebovirus spread diptera mouse of a decade (2004-2015) pattern sequence adult africa cycle anopheles map iation animal of ylogenomics r research h a p v distribution on vector-borne diseases climate dog bluetongue myodes sandfly antibody vector−borne nymph tick−borne−encephalitis change reservoir species pathogen infantum hantavirus endemic europe detection public−health epidemiology tick transmission circulation BOOK EDENEXT.indd 1 20/07/2015 16:31 Contributors Authors: Neil Alexander, Alberto Allepuz, Bulent Alten, Rene Bødker, Sarah Bonnet, Simon Carpenter, Catherine Cêtre-Sossah, Emilie Chirouze, Jérôme Depaquit, Kerstin Dressel, Els Ducheyne, Vit Dvorak, Ozge Erisoz Kasap, Yvonne Gall, Assane Gueye Fall, Robert Farkas, Jordi Figuerola, Claire Garros, Martin H. Groschup, Petr Halada, Guy Hendrickx, Heikki Henttonen, Kristyna Hlavackova, Sándor Hornok, Zdenek Hubalek, Nicole Iltis, Maria Kazimirova, Nils Kley, Marie-Christine Lambert, Renaud Lancelot, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Miguel Miranda, Sebastian Napp, Matthias Niedrig, Olivier Plantard, Bethan V. Purse, Annapaola Rizzoli, David J. Rogers, Katja Schmidt, Kate R. Searle, Cornelia Silaghi, Tarja Sironen, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Petr Volf, Jan Votypka, Gwenaël Vourch, Steven White, William Wint. Co-Editors: Renaud Lancelot, Sylvie Laurens and Andrew Lewer With the collaboration of: Marieta Braks, Simon Carpenter, Guy Hendrickx and Heikki Henttonen Graphic design and layout: Laurence Laffont The impact EDEN (GOCE-CT-2003-010284) is an Integrated Project (2004-2009) of the 6th Framework Programme (FP6) funded by the European Commission under the Research DG, Environment Directorate, priority 6.3: Global Change and Ecosystems EDENext (261504) is a research project (2011-2014) of the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) funded by the European of a (2004-2015) Commission under the Health component. decade This book was funded by EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext and is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext420 (http://www.edenext.eu). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and don’t necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. of research on vector-borne diseases © CIRAD 2015 – ISBN: 978-2-87614-707-2 BOOK EDENEXT.indd 2 20/07/2015 16:31 Contributors Authors: Neil Alexander, Alberto Allepuz, Bulent Alten, Rene Bødker, Sarah Bonnet, Simon Carpenter, Catherine Cêtre-Sossah, Emilie Chirouze, Jérôme Depaquit, Kerstin Dressel, Els Ducheyne, Vit Dvorak, Ozge Erisoz Kasap, Yvonne Gall, Assane Gueye Fall, Robert Farkas, Jordi Figuerola, Claire Garros, Martin H. Groschup, Petr Halada, Guy Hendrickx, Heikki Henttonen, Kristyna Hlavackova, Sándor Hornok, Zdenek Hubalek, Nicole Iltis, Maria Kazimirova, Nils Kley, Marie-Christine Lambert, Renaud Lancelot, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Miguel Miranda, Sebastian Napp, Matthias Niedrig, Olivier Plantard, Bethan V. Purse, Annapaola Rizzoli, David J. Rogers, Katja Schmidt, Kate R. Searle, Cornelia Silaghi, Tarja Sironen, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Petr Volf, Jan Votypka, Gwenaël Vourch, Steven White, William Wint. Co-Editors: Renaud Lancelot, Sylvie Laurens and Andrew Lewer With the collaboration of: Marieta Braks, Simon Carpenter, Guy Hendrickx and Heikki Henttonen Graphic design and layout: Laurence Laffont The impact EDEN (GOCE-CT-2003-010284) is an Integrated Project (2004-2009) of the 6th Framework Programme (FP6) funded by the European Commission under the Research DG, Environment Directorate, priority 6.3: Global Change and Ecosystems EDENext (261504) is a research project (2011-2014) of the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) funded by the European of a (2004-2015) Commission under the Health component. decade This book was funded by EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext and is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext420 (http://www.edenext.eu). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and don’t necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. of research on vector-borne diseases © CIRAD 2015 – ISBN: 978-2-87614-707-2 BOOK EDENEXT.indd 3 20/07/2015 16:31 Preface British author L.P. Hartley famously wrote, “The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there.” And while a literary introduction to a book focused on science may seem incongruous, it offers a neat summary of the changes we have seen in European research on vector-borne diseases since the launch of the EDEN (Emerging diseases in a changing European environment) project in 2004 and the end of its follow-up project, EDENext (Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe), in 2015. These major projects, bringing together a total of more than 50 partners from across Europe, North and West Africa, have changed the way research on vector-borne diseases is conducted. The creation of international teams working on the same problems using the same methods, albeit in different locations, the routine sharing of data between institutes, the increased use of sophisticated models and the training of a new generation of scientists used to working with each other all mark a break with the past. EDEN set out to identify and catalogue the European ecosystems and environmental conditions which can influence the spatial and temporal distribution and dynamics of human pathogenic agents. It developed generic methods, tools and skills such as predictive models and monitoring tools that can be used by decision makers for risk assessment, decision support for intervention and Public Health policies. EDENext took up the baton with a focus on investigating the biological, ecological and epidemiological components of vector-borne disease introduction, emergence and spread, and the creation of new tools to control them. Vector groups focused on Culicoides midges, Phlebotomine sand flies, mosquitoes and ticks, while a fifth team examined rodents and insectivore-borne diseases. They were supported by modelling and data management teams, plus a team focused on ensuring the project had a real impact on improving Public Health. In this book, we present the impacts of these two projects. We start with an interview with EDENext coordinator Renaud Lancelot (CIRAD, France) and examine the work of the vector and rodent groups, presented at the GERI conference (Genes, Ecosystems and Risk of Infection) in 2015, accompanied by updates of PUBLICise Health, EDENext’s telegrams reporting on the project’s research results with a particular relevance for Public Health. We also examine in greater detail the works of the data management, modelling and Public Health teams, interspersed with interviews with various leading figures who have been involved in the projects. In order to measure the academic impact of these projects, we also present a bibliometric study, encompassing more than 500 papers published in scientific journals over the past 10 years, and examples of other kinds of impacts of these projects. We hope you find this book an interesting and stimulating example of what can be achieved when highly motivated teams are given the opportunity to work together for a long period of time. This opportunity would not, of course, have been possible without funding under the European Commission’s Sixth and Seventh Framework programmes and we sincerely thank the Commission for the confidence shown in the EDEN and EDENext projects. We hope you find the book thought-provoking, too, with regards to the future. Ongoing environmental, social and economic changes mean that vector-borne diseases – and other diseases sensitive to these changes – will be high on the agenda for the foreseeable future. BOOK EDENEXT.indd 4 20/07/2015 16:31 Preface British author L.P. Hartley famously wrote, “The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there.” And while a literary introduction to a book focused on science may seem incongruous, it offers a neat summary of the changes we have seen in European research on vector-borne diseases since the launch of the EDEN (Emerging diseases in a changing European environment) project in 2004 and the end of its follow-up project, EDENext (Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe), in 2015. These major projects, bringing together a total of more than 50 partners from across Europe, North and West Africa, have changed the way research on vector-borne diseases is conducted. The creation of international teams working on the same problems using the same methods, albeit in different locations, the routine sharing of data between institutes, the increased use of sophisticated models and the training of a new generation of scientists used to working with each other all mark a break with the past. EDEN set out to identify and catalogue the European ecosystems and environmental conditions which can influence the spatial and temporal distribution and dynamics of human pathogenic agents. It developed generic methods, tools and skills such as predictive models and monitoring tools that can be used by decision makers for risk assessment, decision