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Содержание Выпуска №2 2018 Исторические Науки И Археология Удк 94(470+571)”19” В.З

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Содержание Выпуска №2 2018 Исторические Науки И Археология Удк 94(470+571)”19” В.З СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ВЫПУСКА №2 2018 ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И АРХЕОЛОГИЯ УДК 94(470+571)”19” В.З. Акопян ДИСКУССИЯ ПО ВОПРОСУ ОБ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОМ ЦЕНТРЕ МЯСНИКОВСКОГО РАЙОНА (1920-е гг.)1 Статья посвящена дискуссии по проблеме статуса города Нахичевани- на-Дону. Этот город, основанный в 1779 г. крымскими армянами, в 1926- 1928 гг. являлся административным центром Мясниковского района. Ни один национальный район Северо-Кавказского края не имел своего центра в городе, тем более таком крупном, как Нахичевань. Провозглашение Нахичевани административным центром района поддерживалось не только районными чиновниками и членами их семей, проживавшими в городе, но и широкими слоями общественности, видевших в этом глубокий национальный смысл. Иной мотив был у руководства края и округа. Определив Нахичевань в качестве центра района, они преследовали цель не допустить проникновения в состав руководства района сторонников клана Гадзиевых, имевших сильные позиции в местной власти. Только после полной ликвидации «гадзиевщины» планировалось центр района переместить в Чалтырь или Крым. Автор показывает, что на следующий год после создания Мясниковского района вышестоящее руководство начинает оказывать давление на власти района с целью принятия ими самими решения о переводе центра из Нахичевани в одно из сел. В дискуссии о статусе Нахичевани, как центра района, решалась судьба самого города. Без согласования со старожильческим армянским населением Дона, в 1928 г. центр района из Нахичевани-на-Дону был перенесен в село Крым, а затем в Чалтырь. В том же году город Нахичевань был присоединен к Ростову. 1 Исследование выполнено при поддержке РГНФ (РФФИ) в рамках научно- исследовательского проекта № 16-01-00319а. Ключевые слова: Юг России, Северо-Кавказский край, Нахичевань- на-Дону, донские армяне, национальный район, административный центр. V.Z. Akopyan THE DISCUSSION ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER OF MYASNIKOVSKY DISTRICT (1920s) The article discusses the status of the city of Nakhichevan-on-Don. The city was founded by the Crimean Armenians in 1779, and in 1926-1928 it was the administrative center of the Armenian Myasnikovsky district. No single national district in the South of Russia had an administrative center in the city. Proclamation of Nakhichevan as the administrative center of the district enjoyed support among not only local officials and members of their families but the public at large, as they believed it conveyed deep national meaning. The leaders of the region and the district pursued a different goal. Having proclaimed Nakhichevan the center of the district, they tried to prevent the supporters of the Gadzievs clan that used to hold leading official positions in the district from regaining them. It was planned to relocate the center to Chaltyr or the Crimea as soon as Gadzievs’s influence was eliminated. The author shows that in the year following the creation of Myasnikovsky district the higher management began to exert pressure on the Armenian authorities with the aim of making their own decisions about the transfer of the center of New Nakhchivan in one of large villages. In the discussion on the status of Nakhichevan as a district centre the fate of the city was under question. Without the consent of indigenous Armenian population of the Don, in 1928 the Central district of Nakhichevan was moved to the village of Crimea, and then to Chaltyr. In the same year, Nakhichevan was annexed to the city of Rostov-on- Don. Key words: The South of Russia, North-Caucasus region, Nakhichevan-on- Don, the Don Armenians, national district, administrative center. УДК 63.3 И.А. Ануприенко СОВРЕМЕННИКИ И ИСТОРИКИ О СУПРУЖЕСТВЕ В ИТАЛЬЯНСКОМ СОЦИУМЕ РУБЕЖА XIV – XV ВВ.: ДИСКУССИИ О СЕМЬЕ И БРАКЕ В статье рассматриваются взгляды современников и историков на взаимоотношения супругов, семью и брак в итальянском социуме рубежа XIV – XV вв. Проводится анализ через призму гуманистических воззрений, которые играли большую роль не только в культурной, но и политической жизни итальянского социума периода quattrocento. В культуре итальянского Возрождения, проявлялся диалог, в котором наиболее значимые социокультурные проблемы обсуждались в форме дебатов, дискуссий, затем они трансформировались в повседневную практику и становились нормой. В концепциях гуманистов основной мотив – идея о необходимости семьи. Являясь фундаментом светского устройства людей, семья становится в руках теоретиков инструментом понимания и организации мира, поэтому общество и государство уделяло этому аспекту большое внимание. Историки, изучающие взгляды Джованни Морелли, Леона Батиста Альберти, Джованни Боккаччо, Паоло да Чертальдо, Колюччо Салютати, Бернардино Сиенского, Джанноццо Манетти, пришли к выводу о том, что гуманистическая мысль продуцировала в последующем столетии значительное изменение менталитета общества. Автор в работе высказывает мысль о том, что взгляды на супружество не стали явлением исключительно тосканским или флорентийским, но, тем не менее, вполне достоверно, что новые семейные отношения первыми появились в Тоскане и Флоренции, прежде чем в других европейских социумах. Ключевые слова: «тосканская модель брака», семья, гуманизм, Италия, позднее средневековье, нормативно-ценностные системы. I.A. Anuprienko CONTEMPORARIES AND HISTORIANS ON MATRIMONY IN THE ITALIAN SOCIETY IN XIV – XV: DISCUSSIONS ON THE FAMILY AND MARRIAGE The article examines the views of contemporaries and historians on the relationship of spouses, family and marriage in the Italian society at the turn of the 14th-15th centuries. The analysis is conducted in the light of humanistic views that played a big role not only in the cultural, but also in the political life of the Italian society of the quattrocento period. The culture of Italian Renaissance favored the dialogue as the most significant sociocultural problems were discussed in the form of debates, and then they were transformed into everyday practice and became the norm. The concepts of humanists convey the need for a family as the main motive. Being the foundation of the secular organization of people, in the hands of theorists the family becomes an instrument for understanding and organizing the world, therefore society and the state paid much attention to this aspect. Historians studying the views of Giovanni Morelli, Leon Batista Alberti, Giovanni Boccaccio, Paolo da Certaldo, Kolyuchcho Salutati, Bernardino of Siena and Giannozzo Manetti concluded that humanistic thought produced a significant change in the mentality of society in the following century. The author suggests that the views on marriage were not exclusively Tuscan or Florentine, but it is quite certain that the new family relations originally appeared in Tuscany and Florence, and later on in other European societies. Key words: Tuscan marriage model, family, humanism, Italy, later Middle Ages, normative-value systems. УДК 94(47).084.9 А.В. Барабанова «ПОЛПРЕДЫ БЕЗ МАНДАТОВ»: СОВЕТСКИЕ РАБОТНИКИ СГАО «ВИСМУТ» В 1950-Х ГГ. Статья посвящена проблемам взаимоотношений военного и послевоенного поколений СССР и ГДР. Эти отношения развивались в рамках созданного советско-германского акционерного общества «Висмут», которое занималось добычей и обогащением урановой руды, необходимой для реализации советского атомного проекта. Актуальность темы обусловлена тем, что данный сюжет позволяет формировать позитивный образ СССР на международной арене. Оказавшись в коллективе, созданном из представителей двух стран, которые только завершили кровопролитную войну, советские специалисты, направленные на работу в «Висмут», неизбежно приобретали статус акторов культурной дипломатии. И на производстве, и в быту они представляли культурные традиции своей страны. Реализация исследовательских задач была достигнута на основе использования документов, которые определяли реализацию советского атомного проекта и создание советско-германского предприятия «Висмут», а также воспоминаний советских и немецких сотрудников «Висмут». Выявленные и систематизированные воспоминания помогли выполнить микроанализ, целью которого было изучение многообразия опыта общения и контактирования советских специалистов с немецкими рабочими, а также сравнение социальных представлений советских и немецких граждан, с помощью которых они конструировали послевоенное социальное пространство. Проведенный микроанализ позволил создать фундамент для генерализации собранных сведений и включить их в более широкий социальный контекст. Проведенное исследование позволило заключить, что в течение многих месяцев и долгих лет советские геологи, инженеры и другие технические работники жили и работали в социальном пространстве, не только чуждом, но поначалу глубоко враждебном. Создавать атмосферу сотрудничества и дружбы между представителями двух народов, еще вчера бывших смертельными врагами, было не просто. Тем удивительнее, что создать такую атмосферу удалось и вожделенный атом стал «мирным» вдвойне: с одной стороны, создание советской атомной бомбы было важным условием сохранение мира и недопущения новой войны, а с другой – работа в рамках Атомного проекта окончательно примирила послевоенную советскую и немецкую молодежь, способствовала созданию позитивного имиджа Советского Союза в Европе и мире. Ключевые слова: СССР, Германия, советский атомный проект, советско-германское акционерное общество «Висмут», социальное пространство, культурная дипломатия. A.V. Barabanova “PLENIPOTENTIARY REPRESENTATIVES WITHOUT MANDATES”: THE SOVIET EMPLOYEES OF SAG/SDAG Wismut IN THE 1950s The article studies the problems of relationship between war and post-war
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