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Central Asia the Caucasus CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 2(32), 2005 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies 2(32) 2005 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS CENTER FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES SWEDEN 1 No. 2(32), 2005 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS CENTER FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES Center registration number: 620720 - 0459 Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r i a l C o u n c i l Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council ISMAILOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Irina EGOROVA Executive Secretary (Moscow) Tel.: (7 - 095) 3163146 E-mail: [email protected] Klara represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Almaty) KHAFIZOVA Tel./fax: (7 - 3272) 67 51 72 E-mail: [email protected] Ainura ELEBAEVA represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) Tel.: (996 - 312) 51 26 86 E-mail: [email protected] Jamila MAJIDOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (992 - 372) 21 79 03 E-mail: [email protected] Mukhabat represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) KHAMRAEVA Tel.: (998 - 71) 184 94 91 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) EYVAZOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 430 02 79 E-mail: [email protected] Aghasi YENOKIAN represents the journal in Armenia (Erevan) Tel.: (374 - 1) 54 10 22 E-mail: [email protected] Guram represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) GOGIASHVILI Tel.: (995 - 32) 99 93 03 E-mail: [email protected] Garun KURBANOV represents the journal in the North Caucasian republics (Makhachkala, RF) Tel: (7 - 8722) 672-075 E-mail: [email protected] Musa BASNUKAEV represents the journal in the North Caucasian republics (Grozny, RF) Tel./fax: (7 - 871 - 2) 22 23 04 E-mail: [email protected] Konrad SCHÄFFLER represents the journal in Germany (Munich) Tel.: (49 - 89) 3003132 E-mail: [email protected] Sun ZHUANGZHI represents the journal in China (Beijing) Tel.: (86) 10-64039088 E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir MESAMED represents the journal in the Middle East (Jerusalem) Tel.: (972 - 2) 5882332 E-mail: [email protected] Rustem ZHANGUZHIN represents the journal in Ukraine (Kiev) Tel.: (380-44) 264 79 13 E-mail: [email protected] 2 CENTRAL ASIA AND THEE CAUCASUS D I T O R I A L B O A R D No. 2(32), 2005 Giuli ALASANIA Doctor of History, professor, Vice Rector of the International Black Sea University (Georgia) Bülent ARAS Doctor, Chair, Department of International Relations, Fatih University (Turkey) Mariam ARUNOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, leading research associate, Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS (Russian Federation) Garnik ASATRIAN Doctor of Philology, professor, head of the Department of Iranian Studies, Erevan State University (Armenia) Murat AUEZOV Executive Director, Soros-Kazakhstan Foundation (Kazakhstan) Bakyt BESHIMOV Doctor of History, professor, Ambassador Executive and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan to India (Kyrgyzstan) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) William FIERMAN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of Indiana University (U.S.A.) Paul GOBLE Senior Advisor, Voice of America (U.S.A.) Sergei GRETSKY Doctor, Chair of Central Asian Studies, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State (U.S.A.) Xing GUANGCHENG Doctor of Political Sciences, professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for East European, Russian and Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (China) Alexander IGNATENKO Doctor of Philosophy, specialist in Islamic studies, leading expert of the Institute of Social Systems, Moscow State University, member of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the Russian Federation President (Russian Federation) Ashurboi IMOMOV Ph.D. (Law), assistant professor, head of the Department of Constitutional Law, Tajik National University (Tajikistan) Lena JONSON Doctor, senior researcher, Swedish Institute of International Affairs (Sweden) Hasan KULIEV Doctor of Philosophy, professor, department head, Institute of Philosophy, AS of Azerbaijan, Editor-in-Chief of The Caucasus & Globalization journal (Azerbaijan) Jacob M. LANDAU Professor of Political Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel) S. Neil MACFARLANE Professor, Director, Center for International Studies, The University of Oxford (Great Britain) Alexei MALASHENKO Doctor of History, professor, Scholar-in-Residence, Ethnicity and Nation-Building Program Co-Chair, The Carnegie Moscow Center (Russian Federation) Abbas MALEKI Dr., Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Roger N. MñDERMOTT Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent at Canterbury (UK) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) Yerengaip OMAROV Professor, Rector of Kainar University, President of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan) Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Senior Fellow of the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia) S. Frederick STARR Professor, Chairman, The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Johns Hopkins University (U.S.A.) Farkhod TOLIPOV Ph.D. (Political Sciences), assistant professor, International Relations Department, World Economics and Diplomacy University (Uzbekistan) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Hubertusstigen 9. 97455 Luleå SWEDEN WEB ADDRESS: http://www.ca-c.org3 © Central Asia and the Caucasus, 2005. No. 2(32), 2005 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies No. 2(32), 2005 IN THIS ISSUE: C I V I L S O C I E T Y Malkhaz THE ROSE REVOLUTION AND Matsaberidze. THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS ............................................. 7 Sukhrobjon Ismoilov. UZBEKISTAN: NEW VOTING TECHNIQUES IN THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN OF THE 2004 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION .......................15 R E L I G I O N I N S O C I E T Y Viacheslav THE MUSLIM EAST IN THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY: Belokrenitskiy. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS ...........................................................................22 Teimuraz Panjikidze. CHRISTIANITY IN GEORGIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS: THEN AND NOW ................................................................32 4 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 2(32), 2005 P A R T Y D E V E L O P M E N T Mira Karybaeva. DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIPARTY SYSTEM IN CENTRAL ASIA .......................................................... 41 Valerian Dolidze. POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA ............................................................................... 49 Ekaterine GEORGIA: POLITICAL PARTIES BEFORE AND Gakhokidze. AFTER THE ROSE REVOLUTION .......................................... 60 Valentina THE PARTY SYSTEM IN KAZAKHSTAN AND Kurganskaia. THE ETHNIC ISSUE ...................................................................... 67 Vladimir Babak. KAZAKHSTAN: HOW ITS MULTIPARTY SYSTEM CAME INTO BEING .............. 78 Parviz Mullojanov. PARTY BUILDING IN TAJIKISTAN ................................................ 88 R E G I O N A L P O L I T I C S Rustam Mirzaev. TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATIONS AND GEOPOLITICS IN THE GREAT SILK ROAD REGION ............... 97 Farkhod Tolipov. CENTRAL ASIA AS A SPACE, POLITY, PEOPLES, AND FATE ................................................................... 105 Bakhtier Rashidov. RUSSIA IN CENTRAL ASIA: A SHIFT TO POSITIVE FOREIGN POLICIES ............................ 112 Boris Parakhonskiy. COUNTRIES OF THE BLACK SEA REGION AND EUROPEAN SECURITY .............................................................. 120 Shoislam Akmalov. THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION AND REGIONAL SECURITY PROBLEMS ............................................. 127 E T H N I C R E L A T I O N S A N D P O P U L A T I O N M I G R A T I O N Mamuka Komakhia. YEZIDI KURDS IN GEORGIA: ETHNIC SELF-AWARENESS AND CONSOLIDATION ........................................................................... 133 5 No. 2(32), 2005 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Sergey Markedonov. ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE ROSTOV REGION, THE KRASNODAR AND STAVROPOL TERRITORIES: PROBLEMS, CONTRADICTIONS, AND PROSPECTS .................. 139 FOR YOUR INFORMATION The Special Feature section in the next issue will discuss: Central Asia and the Caucasus n Religion in the Sociopolitical Context n The Democratic Revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine and their Impact on Central Asian and Caucasian Politics n Border Delimitation and Separatism 6 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS No. 2(32), 2005 CIVIL SOCIETY THE ROSE REVOLUTION AND THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS Malkhaz MATSABERIDZE D.Sc. (Political Science), professor at the Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (Tbilisi, Georgia) he Rose Revolution of November 2003 in munity the firm conviction that little by little sim- Georgia repeated itself almost to the word in ilar events would transform the rest of the post- T Ukraine, thus giving most of the expert com- Soviet expanse. Elections of 2003 in the Southern Caucasus In 2003, all the South Caucasian countries lived through election campaigns: on 5 March, the
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