WorldWWorldWorldorld ConflictCConflictConflictonflict andaandandnd HumanHHumanHumanuman RightsRRightsRightsights MapMMapMapap 2001/200222001/20022001/2002001/2002 bybbybyy PIOOMPPIOOMPIOOMIOOM
Explanation of Symbols and Definitions PK Active Political and Peace Building Missions UN Active United Nations Europe, Former Soviet Union, North America Europe, Former Soviet Union, North America North Africa, Middle East & Central Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Central and South America Peacekeeping Operations 1. North Korea/South Korea (NNSC) since 1953 27. Albania (OSCE Mission) since 1997 1. Egypt/Israel (UNTSO) since 1948 Map Features 2. Egypt (Sinai) (MFO) since 1982 28. Albania (WEU: MAPE) since 1997 High Human Development Medium Human Development High Human Development Medium Human Development High Human Development 3. Albania (EU: EUMM) since 1991 29. Comoros (OAU: OMIC) since 1997 2. India/Pakistan (UNMOGIP) since 1949 Conflict Level, according to PIOOM 0.939 Norway 9 0.791 Latvia 19 ABc 0.765 Mauritius 0.864 Barbados 4. Macedonia (OSCE Mission) since 1992 30. Great Lakes Region (UN: OSRSG) since 1997 3. Cyprus (UNFICYP) since 1964 0.893 Israel 1. High-intensity conflict (conflict level 5 on the PIOOM scale: large-scale armed 4. Syria (Golan Heights) (UNDOF) since 1974 conflict that caused more than 1,000 deaths in period mid 2000 - mid 2001) 5. Georgia (OSCE Mission) since 1992 31. Israel/Palestine (Hebron) (TIPH2) since 1997 0.936 Canada 10 0.782 Belarus ab ? Palest. Auth. 0.708 Cape Verde 0.842 Argentina 37 ac 6. Georgia (South Ossetia) (CIS: SOJF) since 1992 32. Kosovo (OSCE Mission) since 1997 5. Lebanon (UNIFIL) since 1978 44 6. Iraq/Kuwait (UNIKOM) since 1991 0.936 Sweden 3 0.775 Russia ABC 0.824 Bahrein 0.702 South Africa 27 abc 0.828 Uruguay Low-intensity conflict (conflict level 4 on the PIOOM scale: armed conflict that 7. Moldova (Transdnistr) CIS: JCMPK) since 1992 33. Liberia (UN: UNOL) since 1997 7. Morocco (W. Sahara) (MINURSO) since 1991 caused 100 to 1,000 deaths in period mid 2000 - mid 2001) 8. Afghanistan (UN: UNSMA) since 1993 34. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville) (UN: UNPOB) since 1998 0.935 Belgium ? Chechnya 0.818 Kuwait 0.617 Gabon 0.825 Chile 26 c 9. Burundi (UN: UNOB) since 1993 35. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville) (BPMG) since 1998 8. Georgia (UNOMIG) since 1993 0.934 United States 12 ABC 0.772 Bulgaria c 0.809 UA Emirates 0.610 Equat. Guinea 0.821 Costa Rica 10. Burundi (OAU: OMIB) since 1993 36. Sierra Leone (CPDTF) since 1998 9. Bosnia/Herzegovina (UNMIBH) since 1995 Violent political conflict (conflict level 3 on the PIOOM scale: armed conflict that 10. Croatia (Prevlaka) (UNMOP) since 1996 caused less than 100 deaths in period mid 2000 - mid 2001) 11. Estonia (OSCE Mission) since 1993 37. Angola (UN: UNOA) since 1999 0.932 Iceland 0.772 Romania c 0.801 Qatar 0.601 Namibia 0.820 Bahamas 12. Haiti (UN: MICIVIH) since 1993 38. Congo, Democratic Rep. (OAU: JMC) since 1999 11. Kosovo (UNMIK) since 1999 0.931 Netherlands 2 0.766 Macedonia 0.583 Swaziland 13. Latvia (OSCE Mission) since 1993 39. Croatia (WEU: WEUDAM) since 1999 12. Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) since 1999 13. East Timor (UNTAET) since 1999 14. Moldova (OSCE Mission) since 1993 40. East Timor (INTERFET) since 1999 0.925 Finland 5 0.745 Armenia Medium Human Development 0.577 Botswana Medium Human Development 15. Tajikistan (CIS: CPF) since 1993 41. Guinea Bissau (UN: UNOGBIS) since 1999 14. Congo, Democratic Republic (MONUC) since 1999 0.924 France 16 Ac 0.742 Georgia 0.770 Libya bc 0.554 Zimbabwe 0.798 Trinidad and Tob. Political Terror Scale 16. Georgia (Abkhazia) (CIS: PFG) since 1994 42. Kosovo (NATO: KFOR) since 1999 15. Ethiopia/Eritrea (UNMEE) since 2000 (2000 situation, according to US State Department) 17. Guatemala (UN: MINUGUA) since 1994 43. Middle East (UN: UNSCO) since 1999 0.924 Luxembourg 0.742 Kazakhstan a 0.758 Lebanon 0.542 Ghana 0.790 Mexico 39 2. Scale Level 1: Countries live under a secure rule of law, people are not imprisoned for their views, and torture is rare or exceptional. Political murders 18. Tajikistan (OSCE Mission) since 1994 44. Central African Rep. (UN: BONUCA) since 2000 Source: For more information on strength, costs and fatalities, see: 0.924 Switzerland 4 0.742 Ukraine 32 a 0.754 Saudi Arabia c 0.541 Lesotho 0.784 Panama are extremely rare. 19. Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh) (PRC OSCE) since 1995 45. Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone (ECOWAS: ECOMOG) since 2000 United Nations (http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/cu_mission/body.htm) 20. Bosnia/Herzegovina (OSCE Mission) since 1995 46. Haiti (UN: MICAH) since 2000 0.923 United Kingdom 8 Ac 0.738 Azerbaijan 0.747 Oman 0.514 Kenya 46 0.776 Belize Scale Level 2: There is a limited amount of imprisonment for nonviolent 21. Chechnya (OSCE Mission) since 1995 47. Solomon islands (IPMT) since 2000 political activity. However, few persons are affected, torture and beatings are 0.921 Austria 7 0.735 Turkey 36 0.739 Maldives 0.510 Comoros 0.765 Colombia 45 exceptional. Political murder is rare. 22. Somalia (UN: UNPOS) since 1995 48. Tajikistan (UN: UNTOP) since 2000 23. Bosnia/Herzegovia (NATO: SFOR) since 1996 49. Macedonia (NATO: Operation Essential Harvest) since 2001 0.921 Denmark 11 0.730 Turkmenistan 0.735 Sri Lanka 0.506 Cameroon 0.765 Venezuela 35 Scale Level 3: There is extensive political imprisonment, or a recent history of 24. Burundi (UN: UNAFPP) since 1996 50. Macedonia (NATO: Operation Fox) since 2001 such imprisonment. Executions or political murders and brutality may be 0.921 Germany 14 0.725 Albania 0.714 Iran abc 0.502 Congo-Brazz. 0.758 Surinam common. Unlimited detention, with or without trial, for political views is 25. Croatia (OSCE Mission) since 1996 Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2001: Armaments, Disarmament and International accepted. 43 26. Iraq (Operation Northern & Southern Watch since 1996 Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 128-148. 0.916 Ireland 6 0.707 Kyrgyzstan 0.714 Jordan 0.750 Brazil a Scale Level 4: The practices of level 3 are expanded to larger numbers. Murders, 42 disappearances, and torture are a common part of life. In spite of its generality, on 0.909 Italy 13 0.699 Moldova 0.714 Tunesia 28 Low Human Development 0.743 Peru c this level violence affects primarily those who interest themselves in politics or ideas. 0.899 Spain 0.698 Uzbekistan 0.700 Syria bc 0.489 Togo 0.738 Jamaica Scale Level 5: The violence of level 4 has been extended to the whole population. The leaders of these societies place no limits on the means or 0.881 Greece 24 0.660 Tajikistan 0.693 Algeria a 0.462 Madagascar 0.738 Paraguay thoroughness with which they pursue personal or ideological goals. 0.877 Cyprus 0.635 Egypt 34 c 0.455 Nigeria 40 0.726 Ecuador
0.874 Portugal 15 Incomplete data 0.596 Morocco 41 0.447 Djibouti 0.722 Dominican Rep.
0.874 Slovenia ? Bosnia-Herz. 0.571 India 48 0.439 Sudan c 0.704 Guyana 3. Armistice or Peace Accord, according to PIOOM Ac Sweden 18 Armistice or peace accord concluded (not necessarily observed) 0.866 Malta ? Form.Yugoslavia 0.437 Mauritania 0.701 El Salvador Canada Finland 0.844 Czech Republic 22 ? Kosovo Low Human Development 0.436 Tanzania 0.648 Bolivia Norway 4. United Nations and other Multilateral Observer or Peacekeeping Operations 0.831 Slovakia c ? Liechtenstein 0.498 Pakistan Abc 0.435 Uganda 0.635 Nicaragua United Nations Operation 11 PK N. Ireland 40 (PK = Peacekeeping Mission, OB = Observer Mission) Estonia OB 0.829 Hungary 17 0.480 Nepal 0.429 Congo (Zaire) 0.634 Honduras 44 44 OB 25 Denmark 0.828 Poland c 0.477 Bhutan 0.427 Zambia 0.626 Guatemala PK Other Multilateral / Regional Operation U.K. Latvia 13 Russian Federation (PK = Peacekeeping Mission, OB = Observer Mission) Lithuania 33 0.812 Estonia 0.470 Bangladesh 0.426 Ivory Coast Belarus Netherlands Poland 0.803 Croatia c 0.468 Yemen 0.423 Senegal Low Human Development Germany 5. Reported Presence or Alleged Development of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Belgium 45 0.803 Lithuania 0.422 Angola 0.476 Haiti Ukraine c - States having a confirmed nuclear warfare capability 10 A United States 7 - States that are on the threshold of a nuclear warfare capability (incl. states OB OB 14 16 Incomplete Data 0.420 Benin a Croatia OB that removed their nuclear weapons or canceled their development programs) France 20 32OB25 Moldova 43 6 PK 5 Kazakhstan 39 Romania PK ? Afghanistan c 0.416 Eritrea Incomplete Data - States having a confirmed or a potential bacteriological warfare capability 8 OB Mongolia B Italy 34/35 OB - States developing or potentially developing bacteriological warfare agents 48 b 49 4 148 ? Iraq aBC 0.398 Gambia ? Antigua 7/9/10 OB 50 38 41 1 C - States having a confirmed chemical warfare capability 49 Serbia PK Bulgaria 37 Bosnia-Herz. 11 Macedonia Georgia 160 c - States denying accusations of possessing or developing chemical weapons Portugal PK 21 Chechnya Uzbekistan 0.397 Guinea ? Cayman Islands Corsica 23PK 32 42 42/46/47 Azerbaijan 64 Spain OB19 68 OB 9 32 OB 39 OB Kyrgyzstan 0.397 Malawi ? Cuba bc 28 27 28 Turkey Tajikistan N. Korea 6. Infestation with Land Mines Albania 3 8 Turkmenistan 113 6 0.395 Rwanda ? Dominica Countries with substantial marked and/or unmarked areas containing land mines Greece 38 50 OB 1 170 PK 48 67 15 OB OB Cyprus PK 42 18 0.378 Mali ? Grenada Syria 8 Japan 36 Lebanon 26 2 OB 63 S. Korea Tunesia 3 50 49 45 OB China PK 46 47 Afghanistan 0.372 CA Republic ? St. Kitts & Nevis Mexico Israel OB Iran 151 8 7. Use of Child Soldiers by Conflict Parties 41 4331 Iraq Children under 18 actively participating on one or both sides of conflict dyad Morocco 16 OB 66 0.359 Chad ? St. Lucia 4 5 112 5 (as of end of 2000) 1 43 158 Algeria Jordan 48 149/150/152 48/59 OB OB 159 0.339 Guinea-Bissau ? St. Vincent Libya OB 6 Pakistan 142/144/145 65 2 Bhutan 9 Kuwait 153/154 122/123 0.323 Mozambique 8. Weapons Export Control 114 111 Bahrein 147 Nepal 54/56/57/58/60 156 Qatar 129/143 121 Countries that under no circumstances should receive weapons Western Sahara 106 18 20 Cuba Egypt 44 55 124/125/132/133/134/135/136 0.321 Ethiopia c 61/62 OB U.A.E 146 16/17 12 46 Saudi Arabia 138/139 51 7 Oman 52/53 0.320 Burkina Faso OB 117 118/119/120 157 Taiwan Far East and South East Asia Jamaica Dom. Rep. India 74/75/76 9. Democracy 17 Belize 137 0.309 Burundi Country Name (in black) = Electoral Democracy, according to Freedom House 2 Mauritania 69/70 73/74/75 23 103 Bangladesh Myanmar Hongkong OB 126/130 165 Country Name (in red) = Non- and Pseudo-Democracy Honduras 78 Yemen 0.274 Niger 15 5 Mali Chad 167/168/169 Laos High Human Development Country Name (in italics) = Territory with contested Statehood Guatemala 4 Niger 56/95 171/172 3 115/116 127/128 131/140 35 Senegal Sudan Eritrea 0.258 Sierra Leone El Salvador Haiti 54 Thailand 0.936 Australia 23 10. Globalization Ranking 14 Gambia 78/79/80/82 96/97/98 18 PK 78 15 Level of globalization in a country based on information on technological 18 Nicaragua 58 29 1 Guinea-Bissau OB 61/62 Burkina Faso 21 77 0.928 Japan developments, personal contacts, finance, and goods and services 41 12 Nigeria 52 Djibouti 141 Cambodia Philippines Guinea Benin 88/90 155 175 63 PK36 28/29/31 Incomplete Data 21 45 Togo 4 Somalia 0.913 New Zealand 15 30/33/34 Vietnam Barbados PK 53 85/86 Costa Rica 7 174 19 ? Liberia 11. Widespread Torture 14 12 17 0.880 Hong Kong Panama 19/20 76/77/81/83/84 11 44 57/58 79 Countries in which torture has been common in recent years up to end of 2000, Sierra Leone Ghana PK Ethiopia 16 Sri Lanka Liberia 24 Ivory Coast 25/26/27/32 Cameroon Centr. Afr. Rep. ? Seychelles 1 according to Amnesty International 101/102/103/104 59 /60 0.876 Singapore OB 87/89/91/92 166 19 33 14/39/40 29 Venezuela ? Somalia c 31 abc 1 15 Uganda OB Malaysia 0.875 South Korea Congo 22 64/65/67 22 Maldives 12. Death Penalty still in Practice in 2000 12 Eq. Guinea PK Singapore ? Western Sahara Countries which retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes (excludes de facto 105 36 0.857 Brunei 10 6 30/31 Guyana OB 14 10 Kenya 11 abolitionists and countries which only use the death penalty for exceptional Surinam Gabon 38 S. Tome & Pr. OB 21/22/23 71 crimes), according to Amnesty International Colombia 13 30 73 13 Fr. Guyana 13 Rwanda 163 11/12 2 Congo DR 66/68 9 17 Burundi Medium Human Development 13. Freedom of Press Ecuador 38 51 OB 100 Seychelles Countries with high level of restriction or no freedom of press, 20 27 9 10 24 69 0.774 Malaysia according to Freedom House. Tanzania PK OB PK 70 13 72 0.757 Fiji 5 29 40 Irian Jaya Peru Indonesia 162/164 3 30 14. Corruption 3 55 Papua 0.757 Thailand c 23/24 New Guinea Moderate to very high level of corruption, according to Transparency International OB Mozambique 34 35 37 Malawi Comoros 0.749 Philippines 33 Zambia Angola OB Brazil 107/108/109 47 0.718 PR of China 47 Abc 25/26 71 OB 15. Important Drug Producers Madagascar 1 110 173 Solomon Islands 0.701 West Samoa Countries producing heroin, cocaine, cannabis and/or ecstasy 4 72 Zimbabwe Mauritius Bolivia Namibia 0.682 Vietnam c
Botswana 0.677 Indonesia 38 16. 94 Money Laundering 2 Countries failing to cooperate in the field of money-laundering 0.569 Mongolia Paul Flum Australia Swaziland 99 Founder c Paraguay 0.551 Burma (Myanmar) 8 6 Lesotho Fiji 20/21/22 7 0.541 Cambodia 17. Human Trafficking South Africa 161 Countries failing to cooperate in the field of human trafficking ® This map was 0.534 Pap. New Guinea made possible 37 93 with a grant 18. Disaster Vulnerability from the Goals for Argentina Low Human Development Countries with more than one percent of the population killed and affected by Americans® Foundation, Uruguay disasters in the period 1991-2000 0.476 Laos c St. Louis, MO, USA. Chile Focusing on long-range 19. Food Security planning, Goals for Incomplete Data Countries with ongoing food emergency, according to FAO as of June 2001 Americans promotes addressing problems ? China (Tibet) that lead to conflicts ? Cook Islands 20. Refugees and Internally Displaced People, by Country of Origin before they arise. For more information, ? East Timor Less than 100,000 refugees and internally displaced visit our site at ? Marshall Islands www.goalsforamericans.org ? Micronesia Between 100,000 and 500,000 refugees and internally displaced ? Nauru ? Niue Between 500,000 and 1,000,000 refugees and internally displaced 1 High-Intensity Conflicts ? North Korea abc
More than 1,000,000 refugees and internally displaced Country Begin Parties Estimated number of 2000-2001 and Cumulative Deaths ? Solomon Islands 1. Russian Fed. 1999- (Chechnya: warlords, Wahhabists, mercenaries vs. Russian military) >25,000 >45,000 1 Violent Political Conflicts ? Taiwan bc 21. Complex Emergency 2. Congo, DR 1998- (Katanga, Kivu, Kasai: RCD, RCD-ML, RCD-G, LNR, Mai Mai, FDD, Interahamwe, >20,000 1,5-2,500,000 1 Low-Intensity Conflicts Situations identified as complex humanitarian emergencies in June 2001, Uganda, Rwanda vs. DSP, AFDL, Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe) North, Central & South America (31) 29. Venezuela-Colombia (Catatumbo, Zulia) 55. Comoros (Secession Nzwani Isl.) 88. Somalia (Puntland: Interclan) Central & South Asia (39) 148. Kazakhstan (Djambul Region: Islamists) ? Tonga receiving international relief funding, according to OCHA 3. Angola 1991- (Malanje, Huila, Benguela, Bie, Uige, Lunda Norte, Moxico: UNITA, UNITA-R, ) >20,000 >1,000,000 117. Bangladesh (Repression Opposition) 149. Pakistan (Baluchistan: Intertribal) Central & South America (5) 27. Nigeria (Delta: PNDRM) 54. India (Assam: ULFA, SULFA, DHD, BSF) 1. Bolivia (Chaparé: Indigenous Peoples, Highland Peasants) (Guerrillas vs. Vigilante Ranchers) 56. Eritrea (Northwest: EIS) 89. Somalia (Shebelle Region: Interclan) armed gangs vs. govt. forces, Zimbabwe, Namibia) (BNP vs. Awami League) 150. Pakistan (Khaipur: Intertribal) 1. Colombia (Bolivar, Cauca: CF, ELN) 28. Nigeria (Gombe: Tula vs. Awak) (MULTA, PULF, SIMI, MVF, ILFA, IRASV, ISS) 2. Bolivia (Oruro, Potosi: Qaqachaca vs. Laime) 30. Venezuela (Yanomami vs. Garimpeiros) 57. Ethiopia (Al Ittihad) 90. Somalia (Somaliland: Interclan) 4. Sudan 1983- (South, Blue Nile, Upper Nile, Nuba Mountains, Bahr al Ghazal: SPLA,) >10,000 >2,000,000 118. Bangladesh (CHT: Shanti Bahini) 151. Pakistan (Ladakh: HM) 2. Dominican Republic (Gang Warfare) 29. Nigeria (Imo: Law Enf. vs. Vigilantes) 55. India (Haryana: Brahmin vs. Dalits) 3. Brazil (Acre, Rondonia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pernambuco, 31. Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Orinoco River Delta) 58. Ethiopia (Awash Nat. Park: Intertribal) 91. Somalia (Bulo Falay: RRS vs RSA, DSA) About PIOOM SSIM/A, UDSF, NDA, NIF, BC, SSUA, SSDF-U, mercenaries vs. govt. forces, PDF 119. Bangladesh (Islamists: JeI, ISF) 152. Pakistan (Punjab: Kalabagh Dam) 3. Haiti (Aristide govt. vs. Convergence) 30. Nigeria (Lagos: OPC vs. Hausa) 56. India (Madhya Pradesh: PWG) Amazonas: Indigenous Peoples) 59. Ethiopia-Somalia (Mugud Region) 92. Somalia (Qoryoley: Garre vs. Jiddo) 5. Afghanistan 1978- (Takhar, Bamiyan, Samangan, Kakhan, Ghowr provinces: >10,000 1,500,000 93. South Africa (Cape, Transvaal, Free State) 120. Bangladesh-Myanmar (Rohingyas) 153. Pakistan (South Waziristan) Human Development Index (Data for 2000) The Interdisciplinary Research Programme on Causes of Human 4. Honduras (Cortes: Gang Warfare) 31. Nigeria (Nasarawa: Alagos, Egons vs. Tiv) 57. India (Maharashtra: Hindus vs. Christians) 4. Brazil (Bahia, Alagoas: Police Strike) West, Central & East Europe (19) 60. Ethiopia (Student Uprising) Taliban vs. Northern alliance of Tajik & Uzbek warlords, UIFSA, mercenaries) 121. Bhutan (Ngalong) 154. Pakistan (Sukkur: Intertribal) Rights Violations (PIOOM) is an independent, nonpartisan 5. Jamaica (JLP & PNP Gang Warfare) 32. Nigeria (Ondo: Ijaw vs. Ilaye) 58. India (Nagaland: NSCN-IM, NSCN-K) 5. Brazil (Para, Roraima, Amazonas: MST vs. Local Farm 32. Albania (Tropoje: Gang Warfare) 61. Guinea (Macenta: Toma vs. Manyam) 94. South Africa (North & Mpumalange Prov. 6. Colombia 1964- (Southern regions: guerrillas (SBCG, FARC), paramilitaries (ACCU, AUC), >8,000 50,000-300,000 122. India (Andra Pradesh: Telengana, PWG) research organization, established in 1988 with the help of 33. Nigeria (Osun: Ife vs. Modakeke) 59. India (Punjab: Hindus vs. Christians) Owners, Garimpeiros) 33. Belarus (Repression Charter '97) 62. Guinea (Forest region: Christians vs. Muslims) MAPOGO, PAGAD, UNW, Qibla) 0.800 and above = High Human Development Amnesty International (Dutch section). It supports the work of vs. 'autodefensas,' 'peace communities,' govt. forces) 6. Brazil (Urban Violence: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo) 34. Bosnia-Herzegovina ('Young Generals') 63. Guinea Bissau (Spillover Casamance) 95. Sudan-Eritrea (Border) 123. India (Arunachal Pradesh: NSCN) Far East & East Asia (21) 0.500 to 0.799 = Medium Human Development NGOs and IGOs in the field of Human Rights and Conflict West, Central & Eastern Europe (5) 34. Nigeria (Taraba: Tiv vs. Jukun) 60. India (Tripura: ATTF, NLTF, IPFT, UBLF, BNLF) 7. Sri Lanka 1983- (Jaffna peninsula: Tamils (LTTE, PLOTE, TELO) vs. govt. forces) >5,000 65,000-80,000 64. Kenya (Garissa: Auhjilan vs. Abdwak) 96. Sudan (Western Upper Nile: SPLA vs. SPDF) 124. India (Assam: Kokrajhir: Bodos vs. Santhal) 155. Cambodia (Coup Attempt, CFF) Prevention. Dr. Albert J. Jongman acts currently as its interim- 6. Azerbaijan/Armenia (Nagorno-Karabakh) 35. Senegal (Casamance: MFDC) 61. India (Uttar Pradesh: Hindus vs. Christians) 7. Brazil (Revolt PCC) 35. Croatia (East/West Slavonia, Krajina) below 0.500 = Low Human Development 8. India-Pakistan 1989- (Jammu & Kashmir: JKLF, HUA, aF, HM, JUM, HJI, Ikhwan, LiT, TeJ >4,000 34,000-80,000 125. India (Assam: Karbi-Anglong: KNV vs. UPDS) 156. China (Repression Falun Gong e.a.) coordinator. He is a member of the Department of Political 7. Macedonia (NLA, ANA vs. Govt Forces, Lions) 36. Somalia (MJVA vs. SRRC) 62. India (West Bengal: KPF, GNLF; MCP vs. TC) 8. Chile (Bio Bio, Araucania: Mapuche vs. Timber Companies, 36. Cyprus (Greeks vs. Turks) 65. Kenya (Isiolo: Somali Bandits) 97. Sudan (Omdurman: THG vs. Sunnis) HuM, uMM, JeM, TuM, MeH, MJF, JKNF, UJC, HUJI, Al Badr, APHC, al Qaeda, 126. India (Bombay: CD, CR) 157. China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan: Gang Science at Leiden University. 8. Turkey (Sirnak: PKK) 37. South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal: IFP vs. ANC) 63. India-Pakistan (Siachen Glacier) Farm Owners) 37. France (Corsica: FLNC) 66. Kenya (Nairobi: Muslims vs. Slum dwellers) 98. Sudan (West Darfur) The Human Development Index is based on three indicators: longevity, PPSR, BC, MeK, LeK, JSQM, PML, mercenaries vs. BSF, govt. forces, 64. Kyrgyzstan (Sokh Enclave: Islamists) 9. Colombia (Anti-UP Violence) 38. Georgia (Abkhazia: Gali) 67. Kenya (Sambura Nat. Park: Samburu vs. Borana) 99. Swaziland (People's Revolt) 127. India (Brahmin vs. Dalits) Warfare) PIOOM is entirely dependent on donations and contract research 9. Yugoslavia (Kosovo: UCK, TMK) 38. Tanzania (Zanzibar, Pemba: CUF vs. CCM) as measured by life expectancy at birth; educational attainment, as village defense committees) 39. Montenegro (Spillover Kosovo) 68. Kenya (Wajir: Gare vs. Adjuran) 100. Tanzania (Ngongoro: Shiftas) 128. India (Gujarat: Hindus vs. Christians) 158. China (Sichuan, Shandong, Chengdu, Jiangxi, Jilin: and can only continue its work with the public’s support. 10. Yugoslavia (Presevo Valley: UCPMB) 39. Uganda (North: Acholi: LRA, UNRF) 65. Nepal (Maoists: UPF) 10. Colombia (Pacific: Indian Reservations) 9. Algeria 1990- (GIA, MIA, AIS, DwD, GSPC, mercenaries vs. govt. forces, Patriots, civil 3-7,000 109,000-200,000 129. India (Jharkhand: GRD, SJMM vs. MCC) Collective Protest) measured by a combination of adult literacy (two-thirds weight) and Contributions to help support PIOOM’s research can be made to 40. Uganda (Karamojong) 66. Pakistan (NWFP: Intertribal) 11. Ecuador (Guayas: Gang Warfare) 40. Northern Ireland (Protestants vs. Catholics) 69. Mali (Tuareg vs. Songhaï, Peul) 101. Uganda (JicMatheniko vs. Bokoru) defense militias) 130. India (Karnataka: PWG, Veerappan) 159. China (Tibet: Repression Tibetans) combined primary, secondary and tertiary enrollment ratios (one-third its treasurer: Sub-Sahara Africa (30) 67. Tajikistan (Kyurgan-Tyube: Warlords) 12. Ecuador (Indian Uprising, Overthrow Mahuad Govt.) (UFF, UDA, UVF, LVF vs. Real IRA, CIRA) 70. Mali (Gao, Kidal: Kunta vs. Arabs) 102. Uganda (MR10CG Massacre) J.G. Bom, Reg. Accountant, Nieuw Herlaer 35, 1083 BB 10. Rwanda 1997- (Gyesenyi, Ruhengeri: ALIR 1 & 2 vs. APR govt. forces) >2,000 >2,000 weight); and standard of living, as measured by real Gross Domestic 68. Uzbekistan (Ferghana Valley: IMU, HT) 13. Ecuador-Colombia (Sucumbias Prov.) 41. Russian Fed. (Daghestan: Spillover Chechnya) 71. Mozambique (Maringue: RENAMO) 103. Uganda (Saliny vs. Bagisu) 131. India (Kerala) 160. China (Xinjiang: Uighurs) Amsterdam, Postal Account # 431304, Amsterdam, 11. Cameroon (Chari & Logone Valleys) North Africa & Middle East (10) 11. Indonesia 1999- (Moluccas: Christians vs. Muslims, LJ) >2,000 5-10,000 14. El Salvador (Post-Conflict Violence) 42. Russian Fed. (Ingushetia) 72. Namibia (spillover Angola: UNITA) 104. Uganda (Salaf Tabliq) 132. India (Maharashtra: PWG) 161. Fiji (Fijians vs. Ethnic Indians) Product per capita (PPP$). The Netherlands. 12. CA Republic (MDD vs. RDC) 41. Algeria (Kabylia: Berbers) 12. Indonesia 1990- (Aceh: GAM vs. govt. forces, BRIMOB, KOPASSUS) >1,500 >7,000 133. India (Manipur: Pathei vs. Waife) 162. Indonesia (Bali: Kuta) 13. Congo, Brazzaville (Militias) 42. Iran-Iraq (Border: MeK) Far East & East Asia (11) 15. Guatemala (Armed Gangs, Vigilantes) 43. Russian Fed. (Krasnodar: Cossacks) 73. Niger (East, Northeast) 105. Uganda (Southwest: Bakonjos) 13. Congo, DR 1999- (Orientale Province: Lendu vs. Hema, Uganda) >1,200 >7,000 134. India (Manipur: Kuki vs. Zomi) 163. Indonesia (Sumatra: Riau) © Albert J. Jongman 14. Congo, DR (Aru district) 43. Iran-Afghanistan (Khorasan, Farah) 69. Indonesia (East Timor: ETDF vs. Militias) 16. Mexico (Chiapas: EZLN) 44. Russian Fed. (Siberia: Krasnoyarsk: Gang Warfare) 74. Niger (North: Tuareg) 106. W. Sahara (POLISARIO) Source: UNDP. Human Development Report 2001. 14. Sierra Leone 1991- (Kamakwei. Kailahun, Kono, Koidu: RSLMF, 'Kamajors', Nigeria, Guinea vs. AFRC, RUF, 70. Indonesia (Java: NU vs. Golkar) 17. Mexico (Guerrero: ERP, FARP) 45. Russian Fed. (Tatarstan: Spillover Chechnya) 75. Niger-Nigeria (Diffa & Borno) 107. Zambia (Barotseland: Lozi) 135. India (Meghalaya: GNF, HNLC, ANVC) 164. Indonesia (Sumba: Loli vs. Wewera) All rights on the World Conflict & Human Rights Map 2001 / 2002 and the explanatory text 15. Congo, DR (Equateur Prov.: MLC) 44. Iran-Pakistan (Sistan, Baluchistan) New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 'sobels,' civil defense militias, mercenaries) >1,000 50,000-600,000 46. Russian Fed. (Stavropol) 76. Nigeria (Anambra: Aguleri vs. Umuleri) 108. Zambia (Chavuma: Lundas vs. Luvales) 136. India (Mizoram: Reang, HRF) 165. Laos (North: Hmong: Chao Fa) on the back page are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or 16. Ethiopia/Somalia (Ogaden: ONLF) 45. Iran (Traditionalists vs. Modernists) 71. Indonesia (Sulawesi: Christians vs. Muslims) 18. Nicaragua (North, Atl. Coast: FUAC, NF380) 15. Guinea 2000- (Guekedou, Parrot's Beak: govt. forces vs. RFDG, RUF, LURD, ULIMO >1,000 >1,000 137. India (Orissa: Hindus vs. Christians) 166. Malaysia (Penan, Kedah: Muslims vs. Indians) transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, 17. Ethiopia (Oromia: OLF) 46. Iraq vs. USA, UK (N. & S. No-Fly Zones) 72. Indonesia (West Irian: OPM) 19. Panama-Colombia (Darien) 47. Russian Fed.-Georgia (Z. & N. Ossetia) 77. Nigeria (Bayelsa: Ijaw vs. Urhobo) 109. Zambia (Kaputa: Spillover Angola) 16. Israel/Palestine 1999- (Al Aqsa Intifada: IDF, Shin Beth, Mossad, CRS, Kach vs. HCFJNIO, Fatah, PLO, Tanzim, <1,000 >3,300 138. India (Rajasthan: Brahmin vs. Dalits) 167. Myanmar (Arakan: Muslims vs. Buddhists) recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing 18. Ethiopia-Eritrea (Border) 47. Iraq (Kirkuk, Mosul: Kurds) 73. Indonesia (W. Kalimantan: Dayak vs. Madurese) 20. Paraguay (Ciudad del Este) 48. Serbia (Popular Uprising OTPOR, Overthrow Milosevic 78. Nigeria (Biafra: Igbo, MASSOB) 110. Zimbabwe (Chinhoyi: ZANU-PF vs. MDC) from: Hamas, Fatah Hawks, IJ, Hezbollah, Force 17, PSF, PFLP-GC, PFLP, al Qaeda) 139. India (Siliguri Darjeeling Hill: GNLF) 168. Myanmar (Upper Sagaing: ULFA, NSCN) 19. Ivory Coast (Kroumen vs. Burkinabe) 48. Iraq (South: SCIRI, INC, ICP) 74. Myanmar (Border Thailand: KNA, DKBA, SSA) 21. Paraguay (Alto Parana, Canindeyu) Govt.) 79. Nigeria (Niger: Kanberi vs. Hausa) Albert J. Jongman 17. Burundi 1993- (Gusenyi: Hutu (FDD, CNDD, Palipehutu, FROLINA) vs. Tutsi (FRODEBU, UPRONA, militias) >1,000 201,000-250,000 140. India (Tamil Nadu-Karnataka) 169. Myanmar (Shin state: CNF, NNC, RSO, ANO, GA, UUSA) 20. Ivory Coast (Paramilitary vs. Dioula) 49. Lebanon (Border Israel: Sheeba Farms) 75. Myanmar (Border China: Wa) 22. Paraguay (Brusiguayos) 49. Spain (Basques: ETA, HAIKA) 80. Nigeria (Ogun: Hausa vs. Yoruba) North Africa & Middle East (6) PIOOM, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands 18. Pakistan 1986- (Sindh: Mohajir (MQM, MQM-H, BACK) vs. Sindhi (JS) & Pashtun (SPP)) >1,000 >5,000 (Brazilian. Settlers vs. Landless Peasants) 50. Turkey (Extreme Left: TIKKO, DHKP/C) 81. Nigeria (Ondo: Chieftancy Dispute) 111. Egypt (Islamists: MB, IJ. IG, aGI) 141. India (Tamil Nadu: TNLA, TNRT) 170. North/South Korea (Divided Country) phone: 31 71 5273849, fax: 31 71 5273815, 21. Kenya (Kerio Valley: Pokot vs. Marakwet vs. Baringo) 50. Palestine (Inter-Palestinian Fighting) 76. Myanmar (North: Shan) 19. Philippines 1970- (Mindanao: MILF, MNLF vs. govt forces) >1,000 30-120,000 112. Iran (Kurds: DPK/I) 142. India (Uttaranchal: Gang Warfare) 171. Philippines (Cordillera: Indigenous Peoples) E-mail: [email protected] 22. Kenya (Rift Valley: Luos vs. Kisiis) 77. Myanmar (Taninthayi: Karenni) 23. Peru (Huallaga Valley: Gang Warfare) 82. Nigeria (Oyo: Yoruba vs. Fulani) 20. Pakistan 1985- (Punjab: SiS, LeJ (Sunni) vs. SiM, TeJ (Shi'ites) >1,000 >1,000 143. India (Uttar Pradesh: Uttarkhand) 172. Philippines (People's Power II, Overthrow Estrada Govt.) 23. Kenya (Moyale-Marsabit, OLF) Central & South Asia (18) 78. Philippines (Luzon: Communists: NPA) 24. Peru (MRTA) Sub-Sahara Africa (61) 83. Nigeria (Rivers: Zango Katefs vs. Hausa) 113. Iran-Turkey (Pirinshahr) 21. Nigeria 1997- (North: Bauchi, Borno, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Kebbi, Katsina, Zamfara: >1,000 >10,000 144. India (Uttar Pradesh: Muslims: JeM) 173. Solomon Islands (IFF vs. MEF) Order Information on how to obtain copies of this map: see PIOOM’s Website: 24. Liberia (Lofa: LURD, LDF, ULIMO, ULIMO-K) 51. Bangladesh (Kushtia: Communists) 79. Philippines (Jolo: ASG) 25. Peru (Ayacucho: Sendero Luminoso) 51. Angola (Cabinda: FLEC) 84. Nigeria (Rivers: Bille vs. Ke) 114. Libya (Massacre African Immigrants)
IA -Islamic Association (Jammat al-Islamiyya) ALF -Arab Liberation Front NPA -New People's Army Students Survey of Tension Situations 81. Greece (Extreme Left: Nov-17, ELA, Anarchists) 186. Niger (Coup d'Etat) 285. China (Strike Hard Anti-crime Campaign) October 2001. Four main issues were formulated which were covered by equality amongst elites) IR -Islamic Resistance ANO -Abu Nidal Organization JVP -Janetha Vimukhti Peramuna 82. Greece (Chameria: UCK) 187. Niger (Firgi, Maradi: Militant Islam) 286. China (Crackdown on Religion (Protestants & Catholics)) some fifteen working groups, including the impact of peace building, devel- C. Georgia (poor relations with Russia, border disputes) IUM -Islamic Unification Movement (Tawheed) AQC -Al Quds Committee RUSSIAN FEDERATION LTTE -Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam The world map shows the three upper levels of conflict (HICs, LICs and 83. Greece (Florina Province: Macedonians) 188. Niger (Lake Chad region: Toubou) 287. China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi: Hui (Muslims) vs. Han Chinese) opment aid and conflict - some options, best practices and lessons learned, D. Georgia (Javakheti) JI -Jihad Islami BSO -Black September Organization CPNC -Confederation of the Peoples of the North MULF -Muslim United Liberation Front VPCs). PIOOM monitors a fourth category called ‘Political Tension 84. Greece (Roma) 189. Niger (Tillaberi: Sedentary Farmers vs. Herders) 288. China (Repression Democratic Opposition CDP) and advocacy for a more integrated multi-actor approach. This conference E. Georgia (Abkhazia and South and North Ossetia regions with post-war LAF -Lebanese Armed Forces DFLP -Democratic Front for the Liberation of Caucasus PLOTE -People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Situations.’ These situations are the result of growing levels of systematic 85. Guadeloupe (Riots) 190. Niger (Zinder: 'Sultangate') 289. China (Jiangsu-Shandong Provincial Boundary Dispute (Forestry, was part of a ‘Lessons Learned on Peace Building’-project, initiated by the resurgence of violence) LRB -Lebanese Resistance Brigades Palestine DLA -Dagestan Liberation Army Eelam strain and increasing social and political cleavages along factional lines. 86. Hungary (Roma) 191. Nigeria (Ondo: Owo) Lake Resources) ECCP. This project started with the organization of a meeting in Northern Central Asia HAMAS -Islamic Resistance Movement Fatah -Conquest (Fatah) IAK -Islamic Army of the Caucasus TELO -Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization They can escalate to violence if conflict prevention measures fail. Some 87. Hungary (Neo-Nazis vs. Anti-fascists) 192. Nigeria (Delta: Ogoni) 290. China (Guangdong-Hunan Provincial Boundary Dispute (Natural Ireland in early 2001, where some 35 experts came together to discuss the A. Ferghana Valley (land and water issues, political tensions, religious H -Hezbollah (Party of God) FH -Fataw Hawks ICA -International Cherkess Association TULF -Tamil United Liberation Front of the situations listed already have resulted in incidental violence. Many 88. Hungary (Skinheads vs. Jews) 193. Nigeria (Ibadan) Resources, Tourist Site) issue. From May till September 2001, several regional seminars were organ- extremism and border issues) SLA -South Lebanon Army Force 17 -Force 17 JAD -Jihad Army of Dagestan cases emphasize the negative impact of modernization and development 89. Hungary-Ukraine (Border: Transit Drugs, Human Smuggling) 194. Nigeria (Kafanchan) 291. China (Qinghai-Tibet Provincial Border Dispute (Land) ized in conflict zones together with local NGOs. A document will be pub- B. South Kazakhstan (Uzbek diaspora and border issues) TwH -Takfir wal Hijra FRC -Fatah Revolutionary Council RANU -Russian All National Union SUDAN on the way of life of indigenous peoples. PIOOM presents this list to 90. Italy (Extreme right) 195. Nigeria (Karim-Lamido) 292. China (Gansu-Qinghai Provincial Border Dispute) lished integrating different experiences and comments from these confer- C. Tajikistan (economic obstacles to the realization of the peace-building HCFINIO -High Committee Follow-up Intifada of RNU -Russian National Unity AM -Al Musulman show the large variety in situations and the regional distribution. The list 91. Italy (Mafia) 196. Nigeria-Chad (Tetewa Isl.) 293. China (Jilin Prov.: Teachers vs. Police) ences and regional seminars. The final publication will be available through plan, drugs/weapons trafficking, border insecurity with Afghanistan) LIBERIA Nationalist Islamic Organizations (697) UoC -Union of Cossacks aSaM -Al Sunna al-Mohammediyya indicates that tensions can be found in all regions of the world and under- 92. Italy (Northern League) 197. Rwanda (Twa) 294. China (Jiangsu Prov.: Police vs. Protesters) the European Platform’s website. This website has become an important tool South-East Asia LDF -Lofa Defense Force IDQB -Izz-el-Deen al-Qassam Brigades WS -Wahhabis Sect BC -Beja Congress lines the potential for future conflict. In a number of these situations 93. Italy (Worker Protests) 198. Seychelles (Mahe Island) 295. China-Philippines (Spratly Isl.) for peace-building and conflict prevention organizations, as reflected in the A. Cambodia (Khmer Rouge legacy, democratization, landmines) LUDF -Liberian United Defense Forces IIB -International Islamic Brigade NDA -National Democratic Alliance World Conflict mediation efforts have already had results and agreements now have to be 94. Macedonia (Roma) 199. Somalia (Galgadud: Habr Gedr vs. Galjeel) 296. China (Shenyang: Criminal Underworld run by CP & Police) increase from an average of 20,000 hits per month in 1998 to an average of B. East Timor (Post-conflict reconstruction, prosecution war criminals) LURD -Liberians United for Reconciliation and INSP -Islamic National Salvation Party RWANDA NIF -National Islamic Front implemented. 95. Moldova (Transdnistr) 200. Somalia (Gedo, Lower Juba: Al Ittihad) 297. Cambodia (among Branches of Islam) 100,000 hits per month during 2000. The website provides visitors with reg- C. Indonesia (independence in Aceh region, Papua movement in Irian Democracy INRB -Islamic and National Resistance Brigades ALIR1 -Army for the Liberation of Rwanda 1 SAF -Sudan Alliance Forces 96. Netherlands (Spillover 2nd intifada: Moroccan Youths vs. Jews) 201. Somalia (Mugud: Abgal Wa'aysle Subclan vs. Habr Gedr Ayer) 298. Cambodia (Ethnic Vietnamese) ularly updated background information on conflicts and peace-building Jaya region, indigenous peoples, ethnic and religion tensions in Ambon, NPLF-W -National Patriotic Front of Liberia-Woewiyu IRLP -Islamic Revolution for the Liberation of ALIR2 -Army for the Liberation of Rwanda 2 SPDF -Sudan People's Defense Forces 97. Netherlands (Spillover Moluccas) 202. Somalia (Hiran: Dir subclans) 299. East Timor (Roman Catholics vs. Protestants) activities; details of organizations around the world engaged in the area of Java, Sumatra, West Kilimantan) ULIMO -United Liberation Movement for Democracy Palestine CDR -Coalition for the Defense of the Republic SPLA -Sudanese People's Liberation Army North, Central & South America 98. Netherlands (Spillover Kurdish Problem) 203. Somalia (Hiran: Hawadle vs. Galjeel) 300. East Timor (Makasai-speaking vs. Tetum-speaking East Timorese) conflict prevention; other websites and databases containing useful informa- D. Malaysia (peace and democratic transition, political tensions) ULIMO-J -United Liberation Movement for MCLSF -Mobility Company for the Liberation of FRI -Front of Internal Resistance SSDF -Southern Sudan Defense Force 1. Argentina (Worker Protests) 99. Netherlands (Extreme Right) 204. Somalia (Kurtun Waarey: Jiido vs. Garre) 301. Indonesia (Java: 'Dukun Santet' Killings) tion; other networks in the field; new literature (bibliographic information or E. Myanmar (ethnic tensions, armed opposition to military dictatorship) Democracy-J Shebaa Farms I -Interahamwe (Those Who Stand Together) SSIA -South Sudan Independent Army 2. Argentina (Rio Negro, Chubut: Mapuche) 100. Netherlands (Farmers Protests) 205. Somalia (Lower Juba: Mohamed Zuber vs. Aulihyan) 302. Indonesia (North Sumatra: Christians vs. Muslims) a link to the full-text of a report on the Internet); and conferences and other F. Philippines (separatist movement in Mindanao, Muslim insurgencies, ULIMO-K -United Liberation Movement for PFLP -Popular Front for the Liberation of RPA -Rwanda Patriotic Army SSIM/A -Southern Sudan Independence Movement & Human Rights 3. Bahamas (Haitians) 101. Norway (Sami) 206. Somalia (Lower Shebelle: Islamic Militias vs. RRA) 303. Indonesia (Borneo: Tanjung Puting National Park: Illegal logging events in the world. communist insurgency) Democracy-Krahn Palestine SSUA -Southern Sudan United Army 4. Belize-Guatemala (Dispute) 102. Norway (Extreme Right) 207. Somalia (Lower Shebelle: Galjeel vs. Birmal) and mining by feudal warlords) Central/Latin America PFLP-GC -Popular Front for the Liberation of SAUDI ARABIA TWH -Takfir Wa Hijra 5. Belize (Macal River Dam Protest) 103. Poland-Belarus (Border) 208. South Africa (White Landowners vs. Black Landless (PAC)) 304. Japan (Aleph) The Forum on Early Warning and Early Response (FEWER) A. Nicaragua (army takes on security tasks in the North) MACEDONIA Palestine- General Command CPG -Combatant Partisans of God UDSF -United Democratic Salvation Front 6. Bolivia (Cochabamba Water Project: CdA) 104. Poland (Jews) 209. South Africa (Cape Town: Khoi-San claim First Nation Status) 305. Japan (Ariake Sea: Fishermen Protest) FEWER is an international network of NGOs and academic research insti- B. Nicaragua and Honduras (tensions) MD -Macedonian Dawn PFLP-SC -Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine- JAP -Jihad in the Arabian Peninsula 7. Brazil (Death Squad Activity in: Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, Mato 105. Poland (Roma) 210. South Africa-Mozambique (Border) 306. Japan (Discrimination Burakumin) tutes active in the field of early warning and early response. Below its main C. Guatemala (peace accords need bolstering in different areas) ML -Macedonian Lions Security Council IMC -Islamic Movement for Change TAJIKISTAN Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Amazonas, Para, Paraiba, Ceara, 106. Romania (Roma) 211. South Africa (Taxi War) 307. Japan (Hokkaido: Ainu) member organizations are listed and the conflict areas in which they are Horn of Africa MP2000 -Macedonian Paramilitary 2000 PIJ -Palestine Islamic Jihad OIRAP -Organization of Islamic Revolution in the IMT -Islamic Movement of Tajikistan Espirito Santo, Acre) 107. Romania (Jiu Valley Miners) 212. Sudan (East: Beja Congress) 308. Japan (Okinawa: Ryukyu) active. On the FEWER website readers can find policy briefs and back- A. Ethiopia (confrontations with Eritrea, Border dispute with Kenya) NLA -National Liberation Army PLF -Palestinian Liberation Front-Abu Abbas Arab Peninsula UTO -United Tajik Opposition Map 2001 / 2002 8. Brazil (Indigenous Groups (Corebaju, Puinave, Guaviare, Embera- 108. Russia-Japan (Fishing Dispute) 213. Sudan (Eastern Equatoria: Dinkas vs. Didingas) 309. Japan-Russia (Kuril Islands) ground information on FEWER projects and activities. In its most recent B. Sudan (religion and state, autonomy or succession of Southern Sudan) MNF -Macedonian National Front Faction PGH -Party of God in Hijaz Katio, Embera-dobida,Paez, Amaer-Katio, Guayabero, Tule, Uwa) vs. 109. Russian Fed. (Extreme Right: RNSP, BKF, SNU) 214. Sudan (East Bank: Dinka, Nuer, Murle Clans) 310. Korea, North (Repression) quarterly member update FEWER describes activities in Chechnya, C. Somalia (light weapons, acceptability of transitional government by PLF -Palestinian Liberation Front SH -Saudi Hezbollah TANZANIA Logging & Mining Industry, Agriculture; Protest against Avanca 110. Russian Fed. (Kabardino-Balkaria) 215. Sudan-Uganda (Border) 311. Laos (Savannakhet: Repression Christians) Daghestan, Kyrgyzstan and West Africa. In early 2001, FEWER held the clans and their militias) MALAYSIA PLNA -Palestine National Liberation Army CCM -Party of the Revolution (Chama cha Brasil Project) 111. Russian Fed. (Kaliningrad) 216. Tanzania (Mererani: Sonje vs. Masai) 312. Malaysia (Bakun Dam Protest) conference ‘Issues, Lessons Learned and Opportunities for Lessons Learned Great Lakes / Central Africa aM -Brotherhood of Inner Power (Al Ma'unah) PLO -Palestine Liberation Organization SENEGAL Mapinduzi) 9. Brazil (Neo-Nazi Groups vs. Blacks, Poor) 112. Russian Fed. (Karachaevo-Cherkessia) 217. Tanzania (Secular vs. Fundamentalist Muslims) 313. Malaysia (Sarawak: Logging Industry vs. Iban, Penan) for Early Warning and Early Response.’ The proceedings of this conference A. Kenya (Northeastern Kenya, Garisa district; Kenya/Uganda border, KMM -Kumpulan Mujahideen Malaysia PPSF -Palestinian Popular Struggle Front MFDC -Movement of the Democratic Forces of CUF -Civic United Front 10. Brazil (Uraba: Discrimination Black Population) 113. Russian Fed. (Mayak Nuclear Processing Plant) 218. Tanzania (Hunter Gatherers (Hadzabe, Ndorobo) vs. Pastoralists 314. Malaysia (Pahang: Orang Asli) are available on request from the FEWER secretariat. In the summer of 2001, Pokot and Samburu tribes; low level conflict in the Rift Valley (Molo, T -Tanzim Casamance 11. Canada (Biker War) 114. Russian Fed. (Yekatarinburg: Ural Mash Mob) (Barbaig, Masai) 315. Myanmar (SPDC vs. NLD) roundtables were held on post-conflict reconstruction in Chechnya and on Njoro, Burnt Forest), low-level conflict among Naivasha, Kikuyu and MEXICO MWM -Men and Women who fight for the Truth THAILAND 12. Canada (Mi'kmaq: Lobster Dispute) 115. Russian Fed. (Caspian Sea: Caviar War) 219. Togo (Kabye vs. Ewe, Mina) 316. Myanmar (Kayah: KNPP) the escalating situation in the Ferghana Valley (Central Asia). By the end of Masai tribes; low level conflict in Isiolo (Eastern Kenya), Meru and EPR -Revolutionary People's Army PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC of CHINA BERSATU -United 13. Canada (Inuit) 116. Russia-Kazakhstan-Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan (Caspian Sea: Oil & 220. Togo (Repression CfR Opposition) 317. Myanmar (Burmans vs. Non-indigenous Populations (Indians, 2001 the Chechnya Peace Reconstruction Plan will be finalized. The Borana tribes; Coast Province, conflicts between local communities and ERPI -Revolutionary Army of the Insurgent People ETLT -East Turkistan Liberation Tigers FORMER YUGOSLAVIA (incl. KOSOVO) NPULO -New Pattani United Liberation Organization With a grant from: Prepared by: 14. Canada (Quebec) Gas) 221. Uganda (Mount Elgon) Chinese) Ferghana Valley roundtable formulated possible regional emergency/crisis investors) EZLN -Zapatista National Liberation Army FG -Falun Gong (also Falun Dafa) AKSh -National Albanian Army 15. Colombia (San Andres Islands: Natives vs. Mainland Newcomers) 117. Spain (Water Project Protest) 222. Zambia (Election Violence: MMD vs. UNIP) 318. New Zealand (Maori) scenarios, drawing on locally available knowledge and internationally rec- B. Regional (Kisangani, Rwanda and Uganda confrontations) FARP -Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People NURF -National United Revolutionary Front FARK -Forces of the Republic of Kosovo TURKEY 16. Cuba-US (Dispute) 118. Serbia (Sandzak: Spillover Kosovo) 319. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville) ognized expertise. FEWER developed consequential humanitarian crisis sce- C. Burundi (Bujumbura, extremism as a result of peace process, other PRD -Democratic Revolutionary Party UNRFET -United National Revolutionary Front of East LDK -Democratic League of Kosovo AFIS -Anatolian Federal Islamic State 17. Ecuador (Border Peru: FARE-DP) 119. Serbia (Vojvodina: Spillover Kosovo) North Africa & Middle East 320. Philippines (Landowners vs. Higanon) narios. FEWER also hosted a training of trainers workshop for the Mano groups, CNDD and FNL not engaging in peace process) PRI -Institutional Revolutionary Party Turkestan LKCK -National Movement for the Liberation of DHKP/C -Revolutionary People's Liberation PIOOM - Interdisciplinary 18. Guatemala (Tax Protests) 120. Serbia (DSS vs. DOS: Prosecution War Criminals, Fight against 223. Bahrein-Qatar (Dispute) 321. Philippines (Mindoro: Indigenous people vs. Nickel Mining River Union (West Africa) countries with the aim to prepare a conflict map- D. Uganda (Northern and Western Uganda, Karamoja region & Lords RIMZ -Revolutionary Indigenous Movement against Kosovo Party/Front 19. Guyana (Indo-Guyanese vs. Afro-Guyanese) Crime & Corruption) 224. Egypt (Copts vs. Muslims) Company) ping and a regional toolbox. For details readers should consult the FEWER Resistance Army (LRA); South-western Uganda - Alliance of the Zapatistas PAKISTAN M -Mujahedin DS -Revolutionary Left (Devrimci Sol) Research Programme on Causes 20. Guyana-Surinam (Border Dispute) 121. Slovakia (Roma) 225. Iran (Dispute Abu Musa, Greater & Lesser Tumb) 322. Philippines (Cordillera: Agno River: San Roque Dam Protest) website: http://fewer.org The Forum consists of the groups: Democratic Forces (ADF) Uganda/Sudan, Uganda/Democratic Republic TAGIN -National Indigenous Guerrilla Triple ABM -al Badar Mujahedeen OTPOR -Resistance GW -Grey Wolves of Human Rights Violations 21. Honduras (Copan Ruinas Park Occupied) 122. Slovakia (Hungarian Minority) 226. Iran (Baha'i) 323. Philippines (Palawan: Indigenous People vs. Nickel Mining of Congo, change in leadership in DRC and Ugandan elections) Alliance AJ -Al Jihad SLA -Serbian Liberation Army H -Hezbollah 22. Honduras (Chorti) 123. Slovenia (Roma) 227. Iran (Azeris) Company) Africa E. Tanzania (Zanzibar, political instability. Kigoma, refugee camps) APHC -All Parties Hurriyat Conference SVG -Serb Voluntary Guard (Arkan Tigers) IBDA/C -Islamic Great Eastern Raiders Front Interim Coordinator: 23. Mexico (PRI vs. PRD) 124. Spain (Roma) 228. Iraq (North: Assyrian Christians) 324. South Korea (Farmers Protest) * The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes - F. Rwanda (potential conflict from land occupation and returnees) MOROCCO BLA -Baluch Liberation Army UCK -Kosovo Liberation Army IMO -Islamic Movement Organization Dr. Albert J. Jongman 24. Mexico (Jalisco: Gang Warfare) 125. Spain (Rightwing Extremists) 229. Israel (Orthodox vs. non-Orthodox Jews) 325. South Korea (Workers Protest) ACCORD (South Africa), G. Democratic Republic of Congo (revival and implementation of Lusaka aAwI -Justice and Good Will (Al-Adl wal-Ishane) BNF -Balawarian National Front UCPMB -Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedja, and KH -Kurdish Hezbollah Department of Political Science 25. Mexico (Oaxaca: Gang Warfare) 126. Sweden (Extreme Right) 230. Israel (Israeli Arabs) 326. South Korea (Christians vs. Buddhists) * Africa Peace Forum (Kenya) Agreement, deployment of UN Peace-keeping and enforcement troops, IA -Forward (Ila'l-Aman) BNM -Balochistan National Movement Bujanovac MHP -Turkish National Action Party 26. Mexico (Sinaloa: Gang Warfare) 127. Turkey (Islamists: Justice & Development Party) 231. Jordan (Palestinians) 327. Thailand (Pak Moon Dam Protest) * Conseil National des ONG pour le developpment (Democratic Republic security concern with Uganda and Rwanda) IJG -Islamic Jihad Group CT -Christian Taleban MLAPU -Marxist-Leninist Armed propaganda Unit Leiden University 27. Mexico (Tabasco: Gang Warfare) 128. Ukraine (Ukraine without Kuchma Movement) 232. Jordan (Islamists) 328. Thailand-Malaysia (Pipeline Protest) of Congo) H. Chad (Doba Basin) IYM -Islamic Youth Movement DeM -Daughters of the Communities (Dukhtaran e- SIERRA LEONE PKK -Kurdistan Workers' Party Wassenaarseweg 52 28. Mexico (Tijuana: Gang Warfare) 129. Ukraine (Transcarpathia: Roma) 233. Kuwait (Islamists) 329. Thailand (Exclusion of 'Highlanders') * InterAfrica Group (Ethiopia) Southern Africa JCS -Justice and Charity Society Millat) CDF -Civil Defense Force TIJ -Turkish Islamic Jihad 2333 AK Leiden 29. Mexico (Veracruz: Gang Warfare) 130. Ukraine (Tatars) 234. Lebanon (North: Sunnis vs. LAF, FPM) 330. Vietnam (Thanh Hoa Prov.) * Nairobi Peace Initiative (Kenya) A. Zimbabwe (land issues, disputes with Zanu-PF) TaI -Unity and Reform (Tawhid al-Islah) DUH -Darul Uloom Haqqani KM -Kamajor Militia TIKKO -Turkish Workers' and Peasants Liberation 30. Nicaragua-Costa Rica (San Jose River Dispute) 131. Ukraine (Ruthenians) 235. Kuwait-Saudi Arabia (Dispute) 331. Vietnam (Quang Ngai Prov.: Repression Buddhists) * West Africa Network for Peace-Building (Ghana) B. Central African Republic (Authoritarian Government) HaJaI -Harkat-al-Jamaat al-Islami MDC -Movement for Democratic Change Army The Netherlands 31. Nicaragua-Honduras (Border Dispute: Gulf of Fonseca) 132. United Kingdom (BNF, NF, C18 vs. Eth. Gangs) 236. Kuwait ('Bidoon') Asia C. Swaziland (feudal monarchy) MOZAMBIQUE HuA -Harakat ul-Ansar NAFORD -National Front for the Restoration of TKP/ML -Turkish Communist Party/Marxist Leninist Phone: +31 71 5273849 (w), 5156957 (p) 32. Nicaragua (RAAN, RAAS: Miskito, Sumo, Garifuna, Rama) 133. United Kingdom (Animal Rights Groups: SHAC, ELF, ALF) 237. Libya (East: Islamists) General * Gaston Z. Ortigas Peace Institute (Philippines) D. Angola (escalating tensions) RENAMO -Mozambique National Resistance HuM -Movement of Holy Warriors (Harkat-ul- Democracy TRB -Turkish Revenge Brigades 33. Panama (Embera-Wounan, Ngobe-Buglé vs. Settlers, Loggers, 134. United Kingdom (Fuel protests) 238. Morocco (Islamists) 332. Worldwide anti-globalization protests by a coalition of more than * South Asia Forum for Human Rights (Nepal) E. Mozambique (resurgence of ethnicity between Shangaan and Ndau, Mujahedin) RSLMF -Revolutionary Sierra Leone Military Forces Fax: +31 71 527 3815 Immigrants; Protest Tabasara River Dam Projects) 135. United Kingdom (Scotland: SNLA) 239. Morocco (Berber) 700 groups and organizations: Gothenburg, Prague, Seattle, Canada and the United States political tensions) NEPAL HuM -Hizb-ul-Mujaheddin RUF -Revolutionary Unified Front UGANDA E-mail: [email protected] 34. Paraguay (Chaco: Indigenous Peoples: 19AIM, 11OM) 240. Saudi Arabia-Iraq (Iraqi Incursion) Salzburg, Davos, Genoa, Rio de Janeiro, Zurich, Nice, Frankfurt, * Center for Strategic and International Studies (USA) West Africa CPN -Communist Party of Nepal IJT -Islamic Jamiat-i-Tulaba WSB -West Side Boyz ADF -Armed Democratic Forces Website: 35. Paraguay (Cuaguazu: Indigenous Peoples (Mbya Guarani) vs. Sub-Sahara Africa 241. Saudi Arabia-Yemen (Al Duwaima) Rome) (1st shooting in Gothenburg, 1st death in Genoa, military * Council on Foreign Relations (USA) A. Guinea Conakry and Manor River Basin CPN-M -Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist ISL -Islamic Students League HSMB -Holy Spirit Mobile Forces Landless Peasants, Logging Companies) 136. Botswana (Kalahari Desert: San) 242. Syria (Kurds) tactics planned for next summit) * Center for International Development and Conflict Management, B. Casamance (disputes between Senegal, Gambia and Guinea Bissau) CPN-UML -Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist JKDLP -Jammu Kashmir Democratic Liberation SOLOMON ISLANDS K -Karimojong http://www.fsw.leidenuniv.nl/www/w3_liswo/pioom.htm 36. Paraguay (Maka Indians) 137. Burkina Faso (Anti-government Protest) 243. Syria (Shi'as) 333. Fortress Europa (illegal migration to the European Union: >6.000 University of Maryland (USA) C. Sierra Leone (RUF - Kamajors) Leninist Party IFF -Isatabu Freedom Fighters LRA -Lord's Resistance Army © A.J. Jongman 37. Peru (Central Forest: Ashaninka vs. SL, Oil Industry) 138. CA Republic (Muslims: Mbororo) 244. Syria (Muslim Brotherhood) deaths since 1996) * Centre for Refugee Studies, York University (Canada) D. Guinea-Bissau (Power struggle) NLMN -Nationalities Liberation Movement of Nepal JKI -Jammu and Kashmir Ikhwan MEF -Malaita Eagle Force MR10CG -Movement for the Restoration of the 10 38. Peru (Amazon Basin: Indigenous Population vs. Oil Industry) 139. Cameroon (Trad. Kingdoms) 245. Syria (Suwayda: Bedouin Shepherds vs. Druze Residents) 334. Displacement by dam projects ('Development Cleansing': 40-80 mil * Norman Patterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University E. Nigeria (Religious tensions, instability in Delta, Zamfara, Kaduna and UPFN -United People's Front of Nepal JSQM -Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz Commandments of God 39. Surinam (Coppename: Matawai Marrons) 140. Cameroon-Nigeria (Bakassi Isl.) 246. Turkey-Syria (Border) lion people worldwide) (Canada) Sokoto regions) JSSF -Jeay Sindh Students Federation SOMALIA NALU -National Alliance for the Liberation of 40. Surinam (Amerindians) 141. Cameroon- CAR (East Prov.: Incursions into Cameroon) 247. Tunesia (Islamists: An Nahda) * Policy Research Institute, University of Kansas (USA) F. Regional (refugees, increase in light weapons, child soldiers) NICARAGUA JiI -Jamiat-i-Islami AF -Aidid's Faction Uganda 41. Surinam (Impending Trial of Desi Bouterse) 142. Cameroon (Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline: Bugyéli) 248. Yemen (al A'Amar region: Al Hadda: Land Dispute) The European Center for Conflict Prevention (ECCP) Central America FROC -Recompas of the Workers and Peasants KeNYF -Finality of Prophethood Youth Force AIAI -Islamic Unity (Al Ittihad al-Islamiyya) NULU -National Union for the Liberation of Uganda 42. Trinidad & Tobago (Drug Cartels) 143. Cameroon (North: Fulani vs. Kirdi) 249. Yemen (Marib: Khowlan vs. Government) The European Center for Conflict Prevention is an independent non-gov- * Centro de Estudios Internacionales (Nicaragua) Six Key Publications on Lessons Learned in Peace Building Revolutionary Front KFM -Kashmir Freedom Movement JVA -Jubba Valley Alliance UDCA -Uganda Democratic Christian Army 43. Trinidad (Street vendors Chaguanas vs. Govt.) 144. Chad (South: CALD) 250. Yemen-Saudi Arabia (Dispute) ernmental organization based in the Netherlands. Its mission is to con- * Instituto de Enseñanza para el Desarollo Sostenible - IEPADES FUAC -Andres Castro United Front LeT -Soldiers of the Holy Places DFSS -Democratic Front for the Salvation of UNFL -Uganda National Liberation Front 44. United States (Militia & Christian Identity Movement) 145. Congo, DR (Kahuzi-Biega National Park: Twa, Mbuti) 251. Yemen (Shabwa, Al Baida: Ba Haider, Nehm, Al Haymah) tribute to prevention and resolution of violent conflicts in the world. The (Guatemala) * Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management MADNA -National Armed Self-Defense Movement (Lashkar-e-Toiba, Lashkar-e-Tayyabba) Somalia UNRF -Ugandan National Rescue Front II 45. United States (ELF, ALF) 146. Djibouti (Coup Attempt, Afar: FRUD) Centre acts as the secretariat of the European Platform for Conflict Europe (Germany) has developed a manual for publication on the internet: Berghof NF 3-80 -Northern Front 3-80 LiJ -Force of Jhangvi(Lashkar-i-Jhangvi) DSA -Digil Salvation Army UNLF -United National Liberation Front 46. United States-China (Hackers War) 147. Equatorial Guinea (Fang vs. Bubi) Central & South Asia Prevention and Transformation (EPCPT) and initiates, coordinates and * Caucasian Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development (Georgia) Handbook for Conflict Transformation. This handbook provides practition- MDUI -Markat Dawat-Ual Irshad MJVA -Middle Juba Valley Alliance WNBF -West Nile Border Front 47. United States-Mexico (Border) 148. Ethiopia (Gambela: Nuer vs. Anuak; GPDF vs. GPDC; 252. Armenia (Struggle for Power) implements the activities of the Platform. Apart from that, the Centre has * Netherlands Institute of International Relations - Clingendael (The ers with an orientation guide, illustrating state-of-the-art approaches in the NIGERIA MQM -Mujahir Qaumi Movement RRA -Rahanwein Resistance Army 48. United States (Nevada: Cattle Ranchers vs. Govt.: Grazing Fees) 149. Ethiopia (Gambela: Majanger(Ojang) vs. Settlers) 253. Armenia (Yezidi) specific networking and awareness-raising objectives focused on the Netherlands) field of conflict resolution and transformation, with special emphasis on AVS -Anambra Vigilante Service MJC -United Jihad Council (Mutihadda Jihad SDA -Somali Democratic Association UNITED KINGDOM Prepared for: 49. United States (Puerto Rico: Vieques) 150. Ethiopia (Power Struggle EPLF vs. TPLF) 254. Azerbaijan (Islamic Revival) Netherlands. The EPCPT has three main objectives: * Life and Peace Institute (Sweden) peace-building in crisis regions. FNDIC -Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities Council) SDM -Somali Democratic Movement ALF -Animal Liberation Front 50. Uruguay (Neo-Nazis) 151. Ethiopia-Sudan (Border) 255. Bangladesh-India (Border) 1. To raise awareness of the importance and possibilities of conflict pre- * Peace Mission in the North Caucasus (Russian Federation) Available: www.berghofcenter.org/handbook/index.html IYC -Ijaw Youth Council MJK -Mujahedeen Jammu & Kashmir SNA -Somali National Alliance C18 -Combat 18 ECCP-European Centre for Conflict Prevention 51. Venezuela (Imataca Watershed Area: Indigenous Population vs. 152. Gabon (Bateke vs. Fang) 256. Bangladesh (Muslims vs. Ahmadiya) vention and resolution, through publications and media productions for a * PIOOM - Interdisciplinary Research Programme on the Root Causes of MOSOP -Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni PAT -Pakistan Awami Tehrik SNF -Somali National Front ELF -Earth Liberation Front Mining Industry) 153. Gambia (Student Riots) 257. Bangladesh (Modhupur District (Moulvibazar Forest Ecopark): broad audience, and lobby activities aimed at governments and the Human Rights Violations, Leiden University (The Netherlands) * In the series of the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly People PML-N -Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz SNM -Somali National Movement Director: Paul van Tongeren 52. Venezuela (Bolivar: Pemon vs. Export Electricity through Canaima 154. Gambia (Spillover Senegal) Garos, Khasi) European Union. * Russian Academy of Sciences/Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Conflict, Bruce Jentleson edited Opportunities Missed, Opportunities NDVF -Niger Delta Volunteer Force SeM -Defenders of the Messiah (Sipah-e-Masiyah) SPF -Somali Patriotic Front UNITED STATES P.O.Box 14069 National Park) 155. Gambia (APRC vs. UDP) 258. India (Gujarat: Narmada Dam Dispute) 2. To increase knowledge of, and insight into, conflicts by producing sur- (Russian Federation) Seized, a publication that assesses the feasibility of preventive diplomacy. OLO -Ogoni Liberation Organization SeS -Guardians of the Companions of the Prophet SPM -Somali Patriotic Movement ALF -Animal Liberation Front 3508 SC Utrecht 53. Venezuela (Orinoco Delta: Warao vs. Petroleum Exploitation) 156. Ghana (NDC vs. NPP) 259. India (Himachal Pradesh) veys which describe the background and dynamics of conflicts, and pro- * Saferworld (UK) It includes not only cases in which preventive diplomacy failed, but also OPC -Oodua People's Congress (Sipa-e-Suhaba) SRRC -Somali Reconciliation and Reconstruction CIM -Christian Identity Movement 54. Venezuela (Portuguesa: Death Squad Activity) 157. Ghana (Chieftancy Dispute: Upper East: Mamprusi vs. Kusasi) 260. India (Jharkhand: Protest Koel Karo Dam) vide an overview per conflict of organizations active in the field of conflict * Swiss Peace Foundation (Switzerland) ones in which it largely succeeded. Available: www.ccpdc.org OVS -Onitsha Vigilante Service SiM -Sipah-i-Mohammed Council EF -Earth First! The Netherlands 55. Venezuela (Yanomami vs. Gold Miners) 158. Ghana (Chieftancy Dispute: Taurang vs. Puli) 261. India (Jharkhand: Protest Chandil Dam) prevention and resolution, and their activities. PNDRM -Pan Niger Delta Resistance Movement SPP -Sindhi Peoples Party SSDF -Somali Salvation and Democratic Front ELF -Earth Liberation Front Phone: +31 30 253 7528 159. Ghana (Weija: Chieftancy Dispute) 262. India (Jharkhand: VFPC vs. Forest Mafia) 3. To facilitate contact, networking and information exchange between FEWER Associate or Supporting Organizations * Accord: An International Review of Peace Initiatives is a series of publi- SETF -Sharia Enforcement Task Force TiK -Taliban-i-Kashmir SSF -Somali Salvation Front MM -Militia Movement West, Central & Eastern Europe 160. Ghana (Elmina: Fishermen vs. Pirates) 263. India (Karnataka: Ecodevelopment Project: Traditional Inhabitants organizations active in the field of conflict prevention and resolution in * Consiglio Italiano per le Scienze Sociali (Italy) cations by Conciliation Resources (UK). Provides detailed narrative and SOMIFON -Southern Minorities Front of Nigeria TIO -Tanzeem Islam Organization USC -United Somali Congress Fax: +31 30 253 7529 56. Albania (Tosks vs. Ghegs; Contested Election) 161. Guinea (Malinke vs. Gerze) vs. Forest Department) Europe and other parts of the world (information clearinghouse). * Human Rights Center of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) rigorous analysis of specific war and peace processes, combining readabil- ZSVS -Zamfara State Vigilante Service TeJ -Tehrik-e-Jihad USC-PM -United Somali Congress-Patriotic Movement UZBEKISTAN E-mail: [email protected] 57. Austria (Extreme Right) 162. Guinea (Tassin) 264. India (Kashmir: Muslims vs. Hindu Pandits) * International Alert (UK) ity with practical relevance. Available: www.c-r.org/accord/index.htm TiT -Tehrik-i-Tulaba, Tehrik Taleban Movement HuT -Islamic Party of the Liberation (Hezb ut Website: http://www.euconflict.org 58. Belgium (Extreme Right) 163. Guinea (Muslim Torma Manian vs. Christian Torma: Land dispute) 265. India (Madhya Pradesh: Chhattisgarh) The EU, the United Nations and the G8 have all voiced their belief in the * International Labour Organization (Switzerland) NORTHERN IRELAND (UNITED KINGDOM) TJI -Tajdid Jihad Islamiya SOUTH AFRICA Tahrir) 59. Croatia (Extreme Right) 164. Guinea Bissau (Coup Attempt) 266. India (Madhya Pradesh: Indigenous Peoples vs. Police) need to do more to reduce the potential for violence and to support mech- * United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs * The Conflict Prevention Network (based in Brussels, Belgium) pub- ACC -Army Continuity Council TJP -Tehrik-i-Jafaria Pakistan ANC -African National Congress IMU -Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 60. Croatia (Danubian Region: Ethnic Serbs vs. Croats) 165. Kenya (School Violence) 267. India (Orissa: Indigenous Peoples (AMS) vs. Aluminum anisms to ensure lasting peace. In practice, this means that at the policy and * United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees lished a manual with an overview and an evaluation of specific means of CCD -Citizens Against Crime and Drugs TNSM -Tanzim-i-Nifaz-i-Shariat-i-Mohammadi DAAD -Direct Action Against Drugs 61. Croatia (Police protest) 166. Kenya (Student Protest) Companies) strategic level a great step forward has been taken. International intervention of the EU: Peace-building & Conflict Prevention in DAAD -Direct Action Against Drugs TNFJ -Tehrik Nifaze Figh-ei-Jafriya IFP -Inkatha Freedom Party VIETNAM 62. Croatia-Slovakia (Border Demarcation, Krsko Nuclear Plant) 167. Kenya (Farmers Protest) 268. India (Sikkim) Governmental Organizations (UN, World Bank), regional intergovernmen- FEWER has identified hotspots for potential conflict areas, or areas where Developing Countries: A Practical Guide. It lists approximately 130 meas- INLA -Irish National Liberation Army IUC -Islamic Unity Convention FULRO -United Front for the Liberation of the FEWER-Forum on Early Warning and Early Response 63. Czech Republic (Extreme Right vs. Roma) 168. Kenya (Nairobi: Muslims vs. Local Traders) 269. India (Tamil Nadu: Adivasi (ATTM, TPMS, TPMI) tal bodies (EU, OSCE, OAU) and sub-regional organizations (ECOWAS escalation of violence may be seen in the following (sub-)regions: Caucasus, ures or tools, like awareness raising; capacity building; strengthening the IPLO -Irish People's Liberation Organization PERU MAGO -Muslims against Global Oppression Oppressed Races Goals for Americans® Foundation Director: David Nyheim 64. Czech Republic (Temelin Nuclear Plant Protests) 169. Kenya (Coastal Area: Bajuni, Mijikanda, Digo) 270. India (Uttar Pradesh: Harit Pradesh) and SADC) created small units to analyze early-warning signals in order to Central Asia, Great Lakes and Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa, role of political institutions; political dialogue; demobilization and reinte- IV -Irish Volunteers (Oglaigh na hEireann) MRTA -Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement MAPOGO -Colours of the Leopard (Mapogo-a- 65. Denmark (Extreme Right) 170. Kenya (Kikuyu: Mungiki) 271. India (VHP: Ayodha temple reconstruction) arrive at policy options for preventive (re-)action. More and more interna- Central America and Southeast Asia. ‘Hot issues’ are also listed where rele- gration. Available: www.swp-berlin.org/cpn LVF -Loyalist Volunteer Force SL -Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) Mathamaga) YEMEN President: Paul Flum The Old Truman Brewery, 91-95 Bricklane 66. Denmark-Far Or Islands (Dispute) 171. Lesotho (Chinese vs. Busotho) 272. Kyrgyzstan (Kyrghyz vs. non-Kyrghyz Population) tional NGOs have become active in the field of conflict prevention and vant. The list does not provide an overview of ongoing conflicts, although NIFC -National Irish Freedom Committee PAC -Pan African Congress IAA -Islamic Army of Aden-Abyan 11100 Linpage Place, St. Louis, MO 63132 London E1 6QN 67. France (Brittany: BRA) 172. Lesotho (Army Mutiny) 273. Nepal-India (Rassiyal-Kharda Lautan Dam Protest) peace-building, and their role is increasingly acknowledged and appreci- some disputes where escalation is likely are listed. The information on hot * The Conflict Prevention Network’s Yearbook 1999/2000 The Impact of OV -Orange Volunteers PHILIPPINES PAGAD -Gangsterism against Drugs YSP -Yemen Socialist Party United States of America United Kingdom 68. France (Farmers Protest) 173. Liberia (Nimba: Mandingo vs. Mano, Gio) 274. Pakistan (Repression Ahmadis) ated. Several research institutions analyze conflict dynamics and study the spots has been provided by the Russian Academy of Sciences/EAWARN Conflict Prevention Policy; Cases, Measures and Assessments takes up the PIRA -Provisional Irish Republican Army ABB -Alex Boncayao Brigade Q -Qibla (Direction Mecca) YUF -Yemite Union for Reform (Islah) 69. France (New Caledonia (Kanaku): FLMKS vs. RPCR) 174. Madagaskar (Banditism) 275. Pakistan (Repression Christians) lessons to be learned from earlier experiences. (Moscow), Caucasian Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development subject of how to measure the impact that specific polices have on the REAL IRA -Real Irish Republican Army ASG -Abu Sayyaf Group UWS -Umkhonto We Sizwe Phone: +1-314-423-9777 Phone: +44 20 7247 7022 70. France (Spillover 2nd Intifada) 175. Madagascar (Coastal vs. Highland Population) 276. Pakistan (Bonded Labor vs. Landlords) (Tbilisi), Africa Peace Forum (Nairobi), West Africa Network for Peace ground. Edited by Michael Lund and Guenola Rasamoelina. It centers on RHD -Red Hand Defenders BMA -Bangsa Moro Army WESTERN SAHARA (MOROCCO) Fax:+1-314-423-1244 Fax: +44 20 7247 5290 71. France (Urban Violence: Paris, Marseilles, Strasbourg) 176. Malawi (Flood Victims: Land Dispute) 277. Pakistan (Serakis) It is widely acknowledged that the field of conflict prevention and peace- Building (Accra), African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of the question of what is effective in conflict prevention. RDC -Red Hand Commandos BMIAF -Bangsa Moro Islamic Armed Forces SPAIN POLISARIO -Popular Front for the Liberation of E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 72. France (Worker Protests: Toxin in River) 177. Malawi (North: Contested Election) 278. Sri Lanka (Buddhists vs. Christians) building is in need of greater coherence and that it lacks an integrated body Disputes (Durban), Centro de Estudios Internacionales (Managua), Available: www.swp-berlin.org/cpn UDA -Ulster Defense Association BMLO -Bangsa Moro Liberation Organization ETA -Basque Fatherland and Liberty Sakiet el Hamra y Rio de Oro 73. France (Crackdown on Cults & Sects) 178. Maili (Kayes: Fulani vs. Sarakole) 279. Sri Lanka (Tamils vs. Muslims) of knowledge. To meet this need, several publications have recently been IEPADES (Guatemala City) and Gaston Z. Ortigas Peace Institute (Quezon UDF -Ulster Defence Force CAFGU's -Citizen's Armed Forces Geographical Units GRAPO -First of October Antifascist Resistance Website: http://www.goalsforamericans.org Website: http://fewer.org 74. Georgia (Javakheti: Armenians) 179. Mali-Mauritania (Ijafene) 280. Sri Lanka (Tamils vs. Buddhists) issued, which draw on years of experience. Currently there is a movement City). * The Belgian-based NGO Field Diplomacy Initiative has published UFF -Ulster Freedom Fighters CPP -Communist Party of the Philippines Group ZIMBABWE 75. Georgia (Mingrelia) 180. Mautitania (Halpulaar, Soninke, Wolof vs. White/Black Moors) 281. Tajikistan (Ethnic Uzbek) from pioneering into a more reflective stage of increased professionalism. Peace-Building: a Field Guide, 2001, Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc., edit- UVF -Ulster Volunteer Force MCUC -Mindanao Christian Unified Command MDC -Movement for Democratic Change 76. Georgia (Kakethi Region) 181. Mauritania-Senegal (Senegal River) In an attempt to capitalize on this and stimulate the development of a more Caucasus ed by Luc Reychler and Thania Paffenholz. With contributions from over 32 CSM -32 County Sovereignty Movement MILF -Moro Islamic Liberation Front SRILANKA NLWVO -National Liberation War Veterans 77. Germany (Anti-nuclear Industry Protests) 182. Mauritius (Hindus vs. Creoles) Far East & East Asia coherent analytical frame, the European Platform for Conflict Prevention A. Chechnya (guerrilla fighting, potential for continuing violence and 50 international experts, and sections on: preparing for the field; working MNLF -Moro National Liberation Front EPRLF -Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Organization 78. Germany (Extreme Left) 183. Namibia-South Africa (Orange River Dispute) 282. Australia (Aboriginals) and Transformation (EPCPT) and Kontakt der Kontinenten (KdK) took the spillover to Ingushetia and Daghestan) in the field; and surviving in the field. Information: [email protected] PALESTINE AUTHORITY NCDA -New Christian Democratic Army Front ZANU (PF) -Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic 79. Germany (Extreme Right) 184. Namibia (Kavango: Mafwe, Kxoe) 283. Australia (Vigilantes vs. Illegal Immigrants) initiative to organize the conference ‘Towards Better Peace Building B. Karachay-Cherkess (present stability can deteriorate unless structural AABoIJ -Al Aqsa Brigade of the Islamic Jihad NDF -National Democratic Front of the Philippines EROS -Ealam Revolutionary Organization of Front) 80. Germany (Farmers Protests) 185. Namibia (Kunene River Dam: Himba) 284. China (South China Sea: Scarborough Shoal) Practice.’ Issues -Building Blocks- Lessons Learned’ which was held in measures are implemented to prevent further economic and political in-