DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effects of Campaign Contributions on State Legislators

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: THE EFFECTS OF CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS ON STATE LEGISLATORS Adam Howard Hoffman, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation directed by: Professor Paul S. Herrnson Department of Government and Politics Tremendous increases in campaign contributions at the state legislative level, both from labor and business interests have led to suspicions regarding the influence of money on legislative voting. This study seeks to assess the degree to which campaign funds flowing from private interests to state legislators, influence how legislators vote on bills that affect those private interests. This study addresses the influence of money on roll call votes using campaign contribution data from 4,000 legislators in 22 states fo r the 1998 and 2000 election cycles. The analysis shows that in states with nonprofessional legislatures, campaign contributions from business interests do indeed influence how legislators vote on business -supported legislation. Unlike professionalized le gislatures, where such factors as significant staff support, and stricter campaign finance laws mitigate the influence of lobbyists and campaign contributions, legislators in nonprofessional legislators are often overburdened with complex policy proposals along as well as numerous contributors and lobbyists ready to provide both campaign money and advice when it comes to voting for business -backed legislation. Disaggregating the analysis to the individual state level provides for a detailed examination of t he political forces and policy environments, both historically and in the present that have shaped how and why the major players in state capitols maintain their influence over policy outputs. Findings that link the contributions of business interests to legislative voting raise important concerns including the declining representativeness of state legislators as well as the possibility of corrupt practices or the perceptions of corruption among the public when money is exchanged for votes. THE EFFECTS OF CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS ON STATE LEGISLATORS By Adam Howard Hoffman Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirem ents for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2005 Advisory Committee: Professor Paul S. Herrnson, Chair Professor James G. Gimpel Professor Karen M. Kaufmann Professor Irwin L. Morris Professor Alan Neustadtl ©Copyri ght by Adam Howard Hoffman 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor and chair of my committee, Professor Paul Herrnson. Professor Herrnson served as a motivating force that allowed me to finish my dissertation in a timely manner. His patience, advise and thorough review of my drafts were invaluable. I would like to thank the other members of my committee, including James Gimpel, whose dynamic classes on state politics helped spark my interest in writing about power and influence in state legislatures. Irwin Morris provided valuable comments and suggestions that helped keep my writing focused. I would also like to thank Karen Kaufmann for her willingness to join my committee at a late hour and for all her suppor t during my graduate study at UMD. A special thanks to fellow graduate student, Nate Bigelow who was kind enough to offer his help on everything from methodology to theory, not to mention his wonderful golf tips. My good friend Peter Horkitz provided muc h needed diversions and balance from my otherwise cloistered life inside Tydings and Tawes Hall. Also, I would like to thank my long time friend Carl Atteniese, with whom I have had decades -long conversations and debates about power and inequality in Ameri ca. Thanks also must go to my mother whose loving and unwavering support over the years have made me believe that I could achieve all that I have. Finally, I dedicate this dissertation to the one person who has shared it all with me, my wife Anne. She is the love of my life and my best friend, and this work is truly the product of a team effort. The completion of my dissertation coincided with another team effort, the birth of our beautiful daughter, Isabella. Sharing in her birth and life were the prima ry motivating factors in progressing and ultimately finishing this project, so I also dedicate this dissertation to Isabella. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Devolution and Corruption in the States 2 The Debate for Campaign Finance Reform 5 The State Setting 11 Project Overview 13 Chapter 2: Money, Business and Politics – The Ties that Bind 20 The Need for Money 21 Exchanging Money for Votes 23 Money and Corruption 27 Repr esentation 32 Interest Groups – Still the Upper Class Accent 37 Defining the Business Interest 45 Summary 48 Chapter 3: What Determines Contributions? 50 The State of Campaign Finance Regulation in the States 51 The Increasi ng Need for Money 55 The Distinction between Professional and Nonprofessional Legislatures 56 Predicting Campaign Contributions 58 Campaign Contribution Data -Moving Beyond PACs 59 Findings 70 Summary 74 Chapter 4: Doe s Money Buy Votes? 77 Measuring the Business Interest 78 Campaign Contributions 79 District, Candidate and State Level Variables 83 The Need for Two -Stage Simultaneous Models 88 Findings 89 Summary 96 Chapter 5: The State of the States 97 Professional Legislatures Republican Controlled - Florida, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin and Ohio 100 Democrat Controlled – Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, 108 and New York Nonprofessional Legislature s Republican Controlled – Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, 116 Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, and Oregon Democrat Controlled – Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, 128 Indiana and Connecticut iii Summary 134 Chapter 6: The Role of Money in State Politics – A Closer look at Four States 137 Kansas – Republican Dominance and Traditional Influence 141 Connecticut – Business Power and Influence 151 Wisconsin – The Influence of Money Despite a Progressive Tradition 159 New York – The Mitigating Effect of Centralized Power 169 Summary 176 Chapter 7: Conclusion 179 Endnotes 190 Appendix 192 References 216 iv List of Tables 3-1. PAC Limits to Candidates 52 3-2. Limits on Corporate and Labor Union Contributions to Candidates 53 3-3. Limits on Individual Contributions to Candidates 54 3-4. Means Table for Control Variables 58 3-5. The Effects of Legislator, District and State Factors on Labor and Business Contributions to State Legislators 74 4-1. The Effect of Campaign Contributions and other District and State Level Factors on Legislators' Probusiness Votes in Nonprofessional Legislatures 92 4-2. The Effect of Campaign Contr ibutions and other District and State Level Factors on Legislators' Probusiness Votes in Professional Legislatures 95 5-1. Average Contributions to Legislators 99 5-2. Institutional Factors Among Four Categories of Legislatures 100 5-3. Average Percent of Contributions to all Legislators 136 6-1. Types of Legislatures for Sample of States used in Study 139 6-2. Top Contributing PACs to Kansas House Candidates 146 6-3. The Effect of Campaign Contributions and other Distric t and State Level Factors on the Probusiness Votes of Kansas House Members 147 6-4. Top Contributing PACs to Connecticut House Candidates 156 6-5. The Effect of Campaign Contributions and other District and State Level Factors on the Prob usiness Votes of Connecticut House Members 158 6-6. Top Contributing PACs to Wisconsin Assembly Candidates 167 6-7. The Effect of Campaign Contributions and other District and State Level Factors on the Probusiness Votes of Wisconsin Assembly Members 168 6-8. Top Contributing PACs to New York Assembly Candidates 172 v 6-9. The Effect of Campaign Contributions and other District and State Level Factors on the Probusiness Votes of New York Assembly Members 176 Appendix Tables 2-1. Meas ure of Campaign Finance Laws 192 3-1. The Effects of Legislator and District Level Factors on Business Contributions to Legislators in States with Professional Legislatures 193 3-2. The Effects of Legislator and District Level Factors on B usiness Contributions to Legislators in States with Nonprofessional Legislatures 193 3-3. The Effects of Legislator and District Level Factors on Labor Contributions to Legislators in States with Professional Legislatures 1 94 3-4. The Effects of Legislator and District Level Factors on Labor Contributions to Legislators in States with Nonprofessional Legislatures 194 vi List of Figures 3-1 Contributions to Democrats and Republicans in Profess ional and Nonprofessional Legislatures 64 6-1. Democrat and Republican Share of Legislative Seats in the Kansas House 1986 -2002 143 6-2. Average Contributions to Kansas House Candidates 145 6-3. Average Contributions to Connecticut Hou se Candidates 157 6-4. Democrat and Republican Share of Legislative Seats in the Wisconsin Assembly 1986 -2004 160 6-5. Total Contributions to Professional Legislators 163 6-6. Percentage of Contributions to Wisconsin Assembly Candidates 164 6-7. Average Contributions to New York Assembly Candidates 173 Appendix Figures 5-1a. Florida -Total Contributions 195 5-1b. Florida - Percent of Contributions 195 5-2a. Pennsylvania -Tot al Contribution 196 5-2b. Pennsylvania - Percent of Contributions 196 5-3a. Michigan -Total Contributions 197 5-3b. Michigan - Percent of Contributions 197 5-4a. Wisconsin -Total Contributions 198 5-4b. Wisconsin -Percent of Con tributions 198 5-5a. Ohio -Total Contributions 199 5-5b. Ohio -Percent of Contributions 199 5-6a. Illinois -Total Contributions 200 vii 5-6b. Illinois -Percent of Contributions 200 5-7a. Marylan d-Total Contributions 201 5-7a. Maryland -Percent of Contributions 201 5-8a. Missouri -Total Contributions 202 5-8b. Missouri -Percent of Contributions 202 5-9a. New York -Total Contributions 203 5-9a. New York -Percent of Contr ibutions 203 5-10a. Arizona -Total Contributions 204 5-10b. Arizona -Percent of Contributions 204 5-11a. Colorado - Total Contributions 205 5-11b. Colorado -Percent of Contributions 205 5-12a. Idaho -Total Contributions 206 5-12b. Idaho -Percent of Contributions 206 5-13a. Iowa -Total Contributions 207 5-13b. Iowa -Percent of Contributions 207 5-14a.
Recommended publications
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

    Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 164 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11, 2018 No. 58 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was don’t think it is the investigation that wears a tan suit or salutes a marine called to order by the Speaker pro tem- is closing in on the President, but rath- while holding a cup of coffee, that is a pore (Mr. BACON). er his disgraceful reaction to it. constitutional crisis. But when the We now know, without any doubt, f President threatens to fire the special that the special counsel’s investigation counsel, well, you know. DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO is closing in on the President and those We cannot rely on Republicans to de- TEMPORE very, very close to him. I don’t think fend democracy and our system of gov- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- lawful warrants legally executed ernment as long as they find political fore the House the following commu- against the homes, office, and hotel and personal advantage in walking nication from the Speaker: rooms of the President’s chief fixer and lockstep with the President, or they fellow grifter are the problem. tremble in fear of what would be in a WASHINGTON, DC, April 11, 2018. Rather, it is the constant threats to tweet if they stepped out of line. I hereby appoint the Honorable DON BACON further obstruct justice by a sitting And we as Democrats, well, we are in to act as Speaker pro tempore on this day.
  • It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions Upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States V

    It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions Upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States V

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Indiana University Bloomington Maurer School of Law Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 1983 "It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States v. Wisconsin ex rel. La Follette Charles G. Geyh Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the American Politics Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Geyh, Charles G., ""It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States v. Wisconsin ex rel. La Follette" (1983). Articles by Maurer Faculty. Paper 877. http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/877 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "IT'S MY PARTY AND I'LL CRY IF I WANT TO": STATE INTRUSIONS UPON THE ASSOCIATIONAL FREEDOMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES-DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF THE UNITED STATES V. WISCONSIN EX REL. LA FOLLETTE In 1897, shortly before he became governor of Wisconsin, Rob- ert M.
  • The La Follette Dynasty

    The La Follette Dynasty

    Santa Clara University Scholar Commons History College of Arts & Sciences 2018 The La Follette Dynasty Nancy Unger Santa Clara University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/history Part of the Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Unger, N. (2018). The La Follette Dynasty. In K. Gronnerud & S. Spitzer (Eds.), Modern American Political Dynasties: A Study of Power, Family and Political Influence (pp. 259–274). Praeger. Modern American Political Dynasties: A Study of Power, Family and Political Influence yb Kathleen Gronnerud and Scott Spitzer, Editors. Copyright © 2018 by Kathleen Gronnerud and Scott Spitzer. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of ABC-CLIO, LLC, Santa Barbara, CA. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAPTER FOURTEEN TheLa Follette Dynasty Nancy C. Unger Arguably Wisconsin's most famous political family, two generations of La Fol­ lettes were synonymous with national progressive reform during the first half of the 20th century. Robert La Follette began the dynasty in earnest in 1906, when he was elected to the U.S. Senate and sought to implement nation­ wide the many programs and initiatives he had enacted successf ully as three­ term governor of Wisconsin . He spent 19 years in the Senate striving to end abuses of privilege and to return power to the people , becoming one of the most influential and best-known progressives.
  • Vel Phillips the Fight for Fair Housing Biography Written By

    Vel Phillips the Fight for Fair Housing Biography Written By

    Vel Phillips The Fight for Fair Housing Biography written by: Becky Marburger Educational Producer Wisconsin Media Lab Table of Contents Introduction . 2 Early Life . 3 Becoming a Lawyer . 5 Milwaukee Common Council . 7 Political Accomplishments. 9 Conclusion . 10 Glossary . 12 Introduction A pioneer is a person who ventures into unknown territory . Pioneers open up new areas of thought, research, or opportunity for others . Wisconsin’s history is full of pioneers . Jean Nicolet explored Wisconsin in 1634 when it was unknown to other Europeans . Electa Quinney forged the path for public education when she became Wisconsin’s Wisconsin Historical Society . WHi-92286 . first public school teacher in 1828 . George Poage opened up new opportunities for others when he became the first African American to medal in the Olympic Games in 1904 . Vel Phillips was also a pioneer . She accomplished many firsts in her life, Vel Rodgers Phillips including becoming (1953) the first woman and African American judge in Milwaukee, Wisconsin . She also ventured into unknown territory when she proposed civil rights legislation in Milwaukee in the 1960s . Vel’s pioneering spirit left a mark on the history of Wisconsin and the United States (U .S .) . 2 Early Life Born on February 18, 1924, Velvalea Hortense Rodgers lived with her parents and two sisters on the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin . Her father, Russell, was a business owner who managed a restaurant and a car garage . Vel’s mother, Thelma, was the most important influence on her daughters’ lives . Vel became interested in politics after watching her mother work at the polls on election days .
  • The Race for Wisconsin Attorney General

    The Race for Wisconsin Attorney General

    APOLITICAL MELODRAMA THE RACE FOR WISCONSIN ATTORNEY GENERAL JEFF MAYERS n a year when the The race for the governor’s race Wisconsin’s top cop I and the race for rarely has more sub- the open congression- plots than a TV crime al seat in northeastern show. But the 2006 Wisconsin are captur- version qualifies as a ing national attention, genuine melodrama you wouldn’t think and exhibits more the political class intrigue than the tur- would care about a lit- moil three decades tle ol’ attorney gener- ago when Robert al’s race. Warren resigned the job in 1974 to take a But they do. federal judge appoint- A simple mathe- ment. matical formula Let’s introduce explains. One very the players in the cur- vulnerable incumbent rent political drama. equals three chal- lengers—all declared and running full-fledged Democrats campaigns even before winter weather The Calculating Governor: First-term enveloped Wisconsin. Democratic incumbent Jim Doyle has clashed Making it more interesting is the thinking with the current AG, Peg Lautenschlager, and that the attorney general’s race could affect the so activists speculated early on that Doyle outcome of the governor’s race. Giving it polit- would seek a primary challenger to her or try to ical heft is the Republicans’ concerted quest to force her out of the race. While they perceive capture the attorney general’s (AG) office for him to have a poor record when getting the first time since Green Bay’s Don Hanaway involved in primaries, strategists said there was captured it for only one term in 1986.

  • Zztti^ of History

    WISCONSIN zztti^ of history I Cenf togra She VOTE FOR Delores Lein Republican Candidate -for- SHERIFF Of Sawyer County Du* to tho antlquatMl law which forbids a sheriff to hold office for more than two consocutlvo tonna, the name Delores Lein appears on the ballot instead of Ernest Lein. Authorized and Paid for by the Candidate See Other Side of Card Courtesy of Delores Lein t one time Wisconsin led the nation in the number of women elected to the office of sheriff. It would be easy to ascribe this seeming enlightenment to the state's progres­ A sivism, but that's not the case. In the early and mid-twenti­ eth century, women like Delores Lein, shown here with her husband, Ernie, in a Sawyer County campaign ad from 1966, sought the office solely to keep their husbands employed as sheriff. This strategy met with great success at the polls, where voters did not seem to mind bla- tantiy bypassing the spirit, if not the letter, of a highly controversial state law that limited consecutive terms for sheriffs. The back of this campaign card provided details about the law's history. Dorothy Schulz and Steven M. Houghton explore Wisconsin's unique story of gender and law enforcement in their article beginning on page 22. m Editor J. Kent Calder Managing Editor Diane T. Drexler Associate Editor Margaret T. Dwyer Production Manager Deborah T. Johnson Reviews Editor Masarah Van Eyck Research and Editorial Assistants Joel Heiman John Nondorf Naomi Patton John Zimm Designer Kenneth A. Miller THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, published New Cases and Changing Faces 2 quarterly, is one of the inany benefits of membership in the Wisconsin Historical Society.
  • Wisconsin Magazine of History

    Wisconsin Magazine of History

    (ISSN 0043-6534) WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY The State Historical Society of Wisconsin • Vol. 76, No. 4 • Summer, 1993 *:>^ w. ^^*y^ ^» fW^7. '.•' \ \ •^ V . ' 'IT"".- «'?^ >''":'f^ |-«> n% f ^ I ^j'^V f ^'! ffl THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN H. NICHOLAS MULLER III, Director Officers FANNIE E. HICKLIN, President GERALD D, VISTE, Treasurer GLENN R. COATES, First Vice-President H. NICHOIJVS MULLER III, Secretary JANE BERNHARDT, Second Vice-President THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN is both a state agency and a private membership organization. Founded in 1846—two years before statehood—and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest American historical society to receive continuous public funding. By statute, it is charged with collecting, advancing, and dissemi­ nating knowledge of Wisconsin and of the trans-Allegheny West. The Society serves as the archive of the State of Wisconsin; it collects all manner of books, periodicals, maps, manuscripts, relics, newspapers, and aural and graphic materials as they re­ late to North America; it maintains a museum, library, and research facility in Mad­ ison as well as a statewide system of historic sites, school services, area research centers, and affiliated local societies; it administers a broad program of historic preservation; and publishes a wide variety of historical materials, both scholarly and popular. MEMBERSHIP in the Society is open to the public. Individual memhershvp (one per­ son) is $25. Senior Citizen Individual membership is $20. Family membership is $30. Senior Citizen Family membership is $25. Supporting vnemher^Yivp is $100. Sustaining membership is $250. A Patron contributes $500 or more. Life membership (one person) is $1,000.
  • "It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions Upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States V

    "It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions Upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States V

    Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 1983 "It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States v. Wisconsin ex rel. La Follette Charles G. Geyh Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the American Politics Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Geyh, Charles G., ""It's My Party and I'll Cry If I Want To": State Intrusions upon the Associational Freedoms of Political Parties -- Democratic Party of the United States v. Wisconsin ex rel. La Follette" (1983). Articles by Maurer Faculty. 877. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/877 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "IT'S MY PARTY AND I'LL CRY IF I WANT TO": STATE INTRUSIONS UPON THE ASSOCIATIONAL FREEDOMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES-DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF THE UNITED STATES V. WISCONSIN EX REL. LA FOLLETTE In 1897, shortly before he became governor of Wisconsin, Rob- ert M. La Follette Sr. urged a University of Chicago audience to "[G]o back to the first principle of democracy. Go back to the people.
  • 2015-2016 Wisconsin Blue Book: Chapter 8

    2015-2016 Wisconsin Blue Book: Chapter 8

    STATISTICS: HISTORY 675 HIGHLIGHTS OF HISTORY IN WISCONSIN History — On May 29, 1848, Wisconsin became the 30th state in the Union, but the state’s written history dates back more than 300 years to the time when the French first encountered the diverse Native Americans who lived here. In 1634, the French explorer Jean Nicolet landed at Green Bay, reportedly becoming the first European to visit Wisconsin. The French ceded the area to Great Britain in 1763, and it became part of the United States in 1783. First organized under the Northwest Ordinance, the area was part of various territories until creation of the Wisconsin Territory in 1836. Since statehood, Wisconsin has been a wheat farming area, a lumbering frontier, and a preeminent dairy state. Tourism has grown in importance, and industry has concentrated in the eastern and southeastern part of the state. Politically, the state has enjoyed a reputation for honest, efficient government. It is known as the birthplace of the Republican Party and the home of Robert M. La Follette, Sr., founder of the progressive movement. Political Balance — After being primarily a one-party state for most of its existence, with the Republican and Progressive Parties dominating during portions of the state’s first century, Wisconsin has become a politically competitive state in recent decades. The Republicans gained majority control in both houses in the 1995 Legislature, an advantage they last held during the 1969 session. Since then, control of the senate has changed several times. In 2009, the Democrats gained control of both houses for the first time since 1993; both houses returned to Republican control in 2011.
  • Public Campaign Financing : Wisconsin

    Public Campaign Financing : Wisconsin

    Public Campaign Financing : Wisconsin showing its age by Steven M. Levin Center for Governmental Studies Public Campaign Financing in Wisconsin SHOWING ITS AGE Steven M. Levin 2008 Board of Directors Rocco C. Siciliano Chairman Tracy Westen Vice Chairman & Chief Executive Officer Robert Stern President Aileen Adams Art Agnos Rebecca Avila Elizabeth Daley Allen I. Freehling Jay T. Harris Aileen C. Hernandez Robert M. Hertzberg Stephen D. Rountree Dan Schnur Harold M. Williams The Center for Governmental Studies (CGS), founded in 1983, creates innovative political and media solutions to help individuals participate more effectively in their communities and governments. CGS uses research, advocacy, information technology and education to improve the fairness of governmen- tal policies and processes, empower the underserved to participate more effectively in their communities, improve communication between voters and candidates for office, and help implement effective public pol- icy reforms. The CGS Board of Directors takes no position on the statements and views expressed in this report. ISBN 978-1-880990-41-4 Copyright © 2008 by the publisher, the Center for Governmental Studies. Permission is given to copy or reproduce this report or portions of this report, provided that proper attribution is given to the Center for Governmental Studies. Copies of this publication are available from the Center for Governmental Studies, 10951 W. Pico Blvd., Suite 120, Los Angeles, CA 90064, by calling (310) 470-6590 or by visiting www.cgs.org. Foreword he Center for Governmental Studies (CGS) has studied public financing of elec- Ttions in state and local jurisdictions for 25 years. This report examines public campaign financing for state executive, legislative and judicial office elections in Wis- consin.
  • Judicial Council Correspondence Table

    Judicial Council Correspondence Table

    Judicial Council Collection Correspondence, 1962-1975, Folder No.: 1 of 14 ............................................................. 2 Correspondence, 1976-1977, Folder No.: 2 of 14 ............................................................. 8 Correspondence, 1978, Folder No.: 3 of 14.....................................................................21 Correspondence, 1979 (January –June), Folder No.: 4 of 14 ......................................... 32 Correspondence, 1979 (July-December), Folder No.: 5 of 14 ........................................ 41 Correspondence, 1980, Folder No.: 6 of 14....................................................................48 Correspondence, 1981, Folder No.: 7 of 14.................. .................................................. 60 Correspondence, 1982, Folder No.: 7 of 14....................................................................74 Correspondence, 1983, Folder No.: 8 of 14.....................................................................86 Correspondence, 1984, Folder No.: 8 of 14.... .............................................................. 107 Correspondence, 1985, Folder No.: 9 of 14.... .............................................................. 112 Correspondence, 1986, Folder No.: 9 of 14.... .............................................................. 121 Correspondence, 1987, Folder No.: 10 of 14.. .............................................................. 126 Correspondence, 1988, Folder No.: 10 of 14.. .............................................................
  • Lafollette Family Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress

    Lafollette Family Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress

    The LaFollette Family A Register of Its Papers in the Library of Congress Prepared by Kate M. Stewart Revised and expanded by Laura J. Kells Revised by Michael Spangler with the assistance of Jewel Parker Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2005 Contact information: http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss/address.html Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2006 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms006038 Collection Summary Title: LaFollette Family Papers Span Dates: 1781-1988 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1900-1953) ID No.: MSS29165 Creator: LaFollette family Extent: 418,100 items; 1,468 containers plus 22 oversize; 594.2 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: Family active in late nineteenth and early twentieth century national politics. Correspondence, diaries, speeches and writings, legal files, office files, campaign files, legislative files, subject files, financial records, biographical research files, newspaper clippings, printed matter, and miscellany principally documenting the careers of Robert M. La Follette (1855-1925), governor of Wisconsin and United States representative and senator, and his son Robert M. La Follette (1895-1953), United States senator. Also includes papers of Belle Case La Follette, Fola La Follette, and Philip Fox La Follette. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. Names: La Follette family Addams, Jane, 1860-1935--Correspondence Arntson, Peter A.--Correspondence Baker, Ray Stannard, 1870-1946--Correspondence Beard, Charles Austin, 1874-1948--Correspondence Beard, Mary Ritter, 1876-1958--Correspondence Beck, Joseph D.