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The Principles of International Termination Rate
AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL VOICE TRAFFIC TERMINATION RATES Policy, Competition & Economic Analysis Department July, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents...……………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.0 INTRODUCTION… …………………………………………………………………...........................4 1.1 What Is International Termination Rate………………………………..………..5 1.2 Administrative and Legal Framework…………………………………………………7 1.3 Pricing Principles for Telecommunications ….;…………………………………..8 1.4 International Telecommunication Pricing Structure and Trend………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9 1.5 Traditional International Telecommunication Accounting and Settlement Arrangements...……………………………………………………………….…11 1.6 Collection Charges …………………………………………………………………………………. 15 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………….........................17 2.1 International Settlements Process ………………………………………………..….17 3.0 INFORMATION ANALYSIS.………………………………………………………..………….…...19 3.1 Trends in International Termination Rate…………………………………………19 3.2 USTR/FCC Response to Increases in Fixed and Mobile International Call Termination Rates………………………………………………….23 3.3 Nigeria’s Commitment under World Trade Organisation and Gats Reference Paper ……………………………………………………………………….27 3.4 Nigerian Int’l Termination Rate and Selected African Countries……………………………………………………………………………………………………30 4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………… 33 References……….…………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………34 POLICY COMPETITION & ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DE PARTMENT -
Policy Issue Notation Vote
POLICY ISSUE NOTATION VOTE August 2, 2006 SECY-06-0173 FOR: The Commissioners FROM: Luis A. Reyes Executive Director for Operations SUBJECT: HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM AND OPTIONS TO PROVIDE CONFIRMATION OF AUTHORITY/IDENTITY OF A CALLER PURPOSE: In response to the Staff Requirements Memoranda (SRM), M060117, dated February 3, 2006, this paper provides the Commission with the history of the Emergency Notification System (ENS) lines and requests Commission approval of a method to quickly confirm the authority or identity of a caller with respect to the imminent threat and physical attack procedures. SUMMARY: The Commission has identified the need to establish a method to quickly confirm the authority/ identity of a caller with respect to an imminent threat. The Emergency Notification System (ENS) provides a reliable voice communication system that allows NRC to communicate with power reactor licensees during an emergency, including an imminent threat. However, the current configuration of ENS will not support caller identification (caller ID). The staff evaluated several alternatives including the restoration of dedicated direct lines (ring downs). Additionally, the staff has provided an update of the communications evaluation (study) that is being undertaken to assess the overall status and health of emergency communications. The staff recommends the Commission approve the use of authentication codes as the method to confirm the authority/identity of a caller in an imminent threat situation. This process is described in Enclosure 2. CONTACT: Jason Kozal, NSIR/DPR (301) 415-5776 The Commissioners - 2 - BACKGROUND: In the aftermath of the Three Mile Island accident, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) established the Emergency Telecommunications System (ETS) to provide reliable communications between NRC and its power reactor licensees. -
User Guide TABLE of CONTENTS the Basics Phone Overview
User guide TABLE OF CONTENTS THE BASICS Phone overview...........................................................................................................................................................................4 Navigating your phone..............................................................................................................................................................7 Installing the battery ..................................................................................................................................................................8 Removing the battery and SIM card.........................................................................................................................................9 Turning your phone on and off ...............................................................................................................................................12 Home screen ............................................................................................................................................................................12 Phone status Icons.....................................................................................................................................................................12 Notifications ..............................................................................................................................................................................14 CONVENIENT FEATURES Vibrate mode ............................................................................................................................................................................15 -
Make International Calls from Your Mobile at Local Rates with Skype to Go Submitted By: Pr-Sending-Enterprises Monday, 27 August 2007
Make international calls from your mobile at local rates with Skype to Go Submitted by: pr-sending-enterprises Monday, 27 August 2007 Skype have launched a new way to call anyone in the world with the new Skype To Go service. As part of the global roll-out of Skype Pro, users can talk to their best friend abroad from their mobile phone for as long as they want without it costing an arm and a leg. A simple Skype (http://www.skype.com/) download and sign up to the Skype Pro (http://www.skype.com/intl/en/products/skypepro/) service means that Skype Pro customer's will receive a Skype To Go number at no additional cost. To activate the Skype To Go number, users must choose the friend or family member they want to call who lives abroad. Then simply enter their international number and in return, Skype To Go will give users a local number to use instead. With the Skype To Go (http://www.skype.com/intl/en/products/skypetogo/) number, users can call their friend from any phone, anytime they want. Customers can also store their Skype To Go number on their mobile phone and talk to that special friend no matter where they happen to be. Having a Skype To Go number makes international calling from a mobile cheap. For instance, calling friends in Australia now costs the same as calling from across the street plus the SkypeOut (http://www.skype.com/intl/en/products/skypeout/) rate for Australia, which for landlines is as little as 1.7 Euro cents per minute. -
Worldwide Traveling Tips LG G4™
Worldwide Traveling Tips LG G4™ Before you travel 1. Enable Service : Request your SIM be enabled for international roaming services. Contact Sprint Worldwide Care to ensure needed services will work for all trips. Sprint Worldwide Care can be reached via chat or email from sprint.com/swwsupport or see additional contact methods at the end of this guide under the heading Contacting Sprint Worldwide Customer Care . 2. Update Software ::: Settings > System Updates (General Tab) > Update LG Software > Check For Update 3. Update PRL: Settings > System Updates (General Tab) > Update PRL > OK 4. Verify International Roaming Settings: Settings > Roaming (Network Tab) > International Voice Roaming, International Data Roaming, Allow GSM data (check to enable) Pricing Information International roaming rates are available on sprint.com/sww . Other plans and options may be available for your specific destinations or your account, contact Sprint to review your travel plans to learn more. Calling • Make Local Calls: Use the same procedure to dial locally from your phone as you would from a landline phone in your destination. • Make International calls: To place an international call, dial international access code, country code, and the number. Plus code dialing simplifies international dialing, simply dial “+” in place of the international access code. Note that plus code dialing may not be available on CDMA networks. Example: Calling back to the U.S., dial international access code (example “00” in China), then the country code “1” (U.S. country code), then the 10 digit phone number. Example with plus code: Calling back to the U.S., dial “+”, then “1”, then the 10 digit phone number. -
Authenticall: Efficient Identity and Content Authentication for Phone
AuthentiCall: Efficient Identity and Content Authentication for Phone Calls Bradley Reaves, North Carolina State University; Logan Blue, Hadi Abdullah, Luis Vargas, Patrick Traynor, and Thomas Shrimpton, University of Florida https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity17/technical-sessions/presentation/reaves This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium August 16–18, 2017 • Vancouver, BC, Canada ISBN 978-1-931971-40-9 Open access to the Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX AuthentiCall: Efficient Identity and Content Authentication for Phone Calls Bradley Reaves Logan Blue Hadi Abdullah North Carolina State University University of Florida University of Florida reaves@ufl.edu bluel@ufl.edu hadi10102@ufl.edu Luis Vargas Patrick Traynor Thomas Shrimpton University of Florida University of Florida University of Florida lfvargas14@ufl.edu [email protected]fl.edu [email protected]fl.edu Abstract interact call account owners. Power grid operators who detect phase synchronization problems requiring Phones are used to confirm some of our most sensi- careful remediation speak on the phone with engineers tive transactions. From coordination between energy in adjacent networks. Even the Federal Emergency providers in the power grid to corroboration of high- Management Agency (FEMA) recommends that citizens value transfers with a financial institution, we rely on in disaster areas rely on phones to communicate sensitive telephony to serve as a trustworthy communications identity information (e.g., social security numbers) to path. However, such trust is not well placed given the assist in recovery [29]. In all of these cases, participants widespread understanding of telephony’s inability to depend on telephony networks to help them validate provide end-to-end authentication between callers. -
Executive Summary
TELEGEOGRAPHY REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary The international voice market doesn't bring a lot of joy these days. 2015 marked a turning point in the international voice market—the first time since the Great Depression that international call traffic declined, even if only by one half percent. It's been downhill ever since, as the slump in voice traffic has turned into a fact of life. Carriers’ traffic fell a further 9% in 2017 and 4% in 2018. The misery continued in 2019, as traffic dropped another 6% in 2019, to 435 billion minutes. The COVID-19 pandemic spurred a short-term rally in international call volumes in early 2020, but things pretty much returned to normal after that. FIGURE 1 I'm Goin' Down, Down, Down... Notes: Data for 2020 are projections. Source: TeleGeography © 2020 PriMetrica, Inc. 1 TELEGEOGRAPHY REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Impact of COVID-19 The global outbreak of COVID-19—and its associated economic and social impact—has upended the way billions of people live their lives. Has it had an impact on international calling? We queried a number of international operators to find out. Only a bare majority of operators responding to the survey we sent out in late 2020 reported that they had, in fact, seen a jump in international call volumes as the pandemic tightened its grip in March. (Nearly a third saw a dip in traffic compared to the year before.) The bump in traffic was short-lived, however. Only 4% of carrier reported that traffic levels remained elevated by the second and third quarters of the year. -
Norstar Mode T7316E Phone User Guide
IP Office Basic Edition Norstar Mode T7316E Phone User Guide - Issue 4a - (03 October 2011) © 2011 AVAYA All Rights Reserved. License types Designated System(s) License (DS). End User may install and use each copy Notices of the Software on only one Designated Processor, unless a different number While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the information in of Designated Processors is indicated in the Documentation or other materials this document is complete and accurate at the time of printing, Avaya available to End User. Avaya may require the Designated Processor(s) to be assumes no liability for any errors. Avaya reserves the right to make changes identified by type, serial number, feature key, location or other specific and corrections to the information in this document without the obligation to designation, or to be provided by End User to Avaya through electronic means notify any person or organization of such changes. established by Avaya specifically for this purpose. Documentation disclaimer Copyright Avaya shall not be responsible for any modifications, additions, or deletions Except where expressly stated otherwise, no use should be made of materials to the original published version of this documentation unless such on this site, the Documentation(s) and Product(s) provided by Avaya. All modifications, additions, or deletions were performed by Avaya. content on this site, the documentation(s) and the product(s) provided by Avaya including the selection, arrangement and design of the content is End User agree to indemnify and hold harmless Avaya, Avaya's agents, owned either by Avaya or its licensors and is protected by copyright and other servants and employees against all claims, lawsuits, demands and judgments intellectual property laws including the sui generis rights relating to the arising out of, or in connection with, subsequent modifications, additions or protection of databases. -
Phase 2+); Operator Determined Barring; (GSM 02.41
GSM GSM 02.41 TECHNICAL December 1995 SPECIFICATION Version 5.0.0 Source: ETSI TC-SMG Reference: TS/SMG-010241Q ICS: 33.060.50 Key words: Digital cellular telecommunications system, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Operator determined barring; (GSM 02.41) ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [email protected] * Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved. Page 2 GSM 02.41 Version 5.0.0: December 1995 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to "ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 GSM 02.41 Version 5.0.0: December 1995 Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................5 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................7 -
Best International Calling Plans for Cell Phones
Best International Calling Plans For Cell Phones Finley is affectionately self-developing after chalcographical Lorne environ his workbook vigorously. Adscititious Geoffrey mountaineers superfluously and unbearably, she introvert her Socratic cannot resourcefully. Benjie fritted his decompressing Listerizes tersely or proportionably after Carlyle tots and lamming nevertheless, kinless and Ostrogothic. How much cell phone calls with international roaming data plan are best cell data services anytime anywhere, and data you planned and helpful. She experienced flight delays, data, as demonstrated by some two young sons in pace back seat using my mobile hotspot for their tablets. HD streaming, speed, leaving mid week. SMS communication with everything else who immerse the app. Fortunately, your fingertip could hit an app in depth background. What is now allow you can use phone for money while others and plans for best international calling cell phones. If you use your first thought when to book information has t mobile phones for best international calling plans include unlimited texting needs are so you must be available in the free voice and a respected choice. How complex are Google Fi Taxes and Fees? We use a prepay phone plans included in each time to support local lines included a billing cycle ends soon and best international calling plans for cell phones should go overseas so we went. Magenta plus access to hear about international cell phones anywhere and unused data! You call international cell phones, you at best. All calls made the phone called travel pass is an emergency, your carrier you can save data are planning on sim in. -
Caller ID and Spoofing- How to Protect Yourself and Your Identity
Michigan Public Service Commission No. 16:22 Decembe 2016 Lifeline Eligibility Caller ID and Spoofing- How to Protect Yourself and Your Identity What is Spoofing? getting the calls, you should just hang "Spoofing" occurs when a caller deliberately up. Scammers often use this trick to identify falsifies the information transmitted to your potential targets. caller ID display to disguise their identity. • Never give out personal information such as Spoofing is often used as part of an attempt to your account numbers, Social Security number, trick someone into giving away valuable personal mother's maiden name, passwords or other information so it can be used in fraudulent identifying information in response to activity or sold illegally. U.S. law and Federal unexpected calls or if you are at all suspicious. Communications Commission (FCC) rules prohibit • If you get an inquiry from someone who says most types of spoofing. they represent a company or a government agency seeking personal information, hang up How Does Spoofing Work? and call the phone number on your account Caller ID lets consumers avoid unwanted phone statement, in the phone book, or on the calls by displaying caller names and phone company's or government agency's website to numbers, but the caller ID feature is sometimes verify the authenticity of the request. manipulated by spoofers who masquerade as • Use caution if you are being pressured for representatives of banks, creditors, insurance information immediately. companies, or even the government. Is Spoofing Illegal? Oftentimes, spoofers will display a number that appears to be local to your telephone number Under the Truth in Caller ID Act, FCC rules prohibit (same area code and prefix) to trick you into any person or entity from transmitting misleading or answering the call. -
International Roaming Explained
International roaming explained Asia Pacific Contents 1. Mobile roaming explained.......................... 1 2. Mobile roaming in the Asia Pacific.......... 5 3. Price trends................................................ 11 4. Impact of regulation.................................. 12 5. Best practice.............................................. 15 3 1. Mobile roaming explained International mobile roaming The most common international roaming is a service that allows mobile services are: users to continue to use their Voice: Making and receiving calls to mobile phone or other mobile or from home country, visited country device to make and receive or a third country, while abroad voice calls and text messages, SMS: Sending and receiving text browse the internet, and send messages to or from home country, and receive emails, while visiting visited country or a third country, another country. while abroad Email: Reading and replying to Roaming extends the coverage of the emails while abroad home operator’s retail voice and SMS Mobile broadband: Using mobile services, allowing the mobile user to devices or dongles to access the continue using their home operator internet, including to download images, phone number and data services within MP3s, films and software, while abroad another country. The seamless extension of coverage is enabled by a wholesale Applications: Using mobile roaming agreement between a mobile applications while abroad that require user’s home operator and the visited mobile data, such as location-based mobile operator network. The roaming services and language translators. agreement addresses the technical and International mobile roaming is one of a commercial components required to wider range of communications services enable the service. offered to mobile users while travelling abroad.