DOCSLIB.ORG

Sanskarika Newsletter of the Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre Aug 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sanskarika Newsletter of the Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre Aug 2019 Cultural Calendar - August 2019 Colombo International Theatre Festival Workshops by Inter act art Black Box Theatre House (by registration only, contact Jayalath S Gomes 4 - 9 on Mob # + 94 758 521 126) Sunday - Friday Venue: SVCC Auditorium Sanskarika Newsletter of the Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre Aug 2019 Celebrating 73rd Independence Day of India Strings of Harmony – A SantoorJugalbandhi By Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma &Pandit Rahul Sharma Venue: Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference 15 Hall, BauddhalokaMw., Colombo 07 Thursday (Admission by invitation only: limited passes available 6.45 pm at SVCC from 5th August onwards For info # 2684698 or email to [email protected]) An evening of Indian Classical Dance Kathak by Richa Gupta & Vidha Lal 23 Kuchipudi by Dr. Anuradha Durbhakula Friday 6.00 pm Venue: SVCC Auditorium Semi Classical Vocal Recital By Vinu Lasath Gamaethige 30 Venue:SVCC Auditorium Friday 6.00 pm Programmes subject to change Published by the Indian Cultural Centre,16/2, Gregory’s Road, Colombo 07. Tel: 011 2684698 Admission to all programmes are on first come first serve basis.Except 4th-9th & 15th Email: [email protected] Facebook: facebook.com/indianculturalcentre India House, Colombo All are cordially invited 011 2330195 UNIE ARTS, ‘Bande Mataram’ written in Sanskrit. This “A flag is a necessity for all nations. came up with an ‘All saffron flag with a Swaraj flag by replacing the ‘charkha’ Cultural Tapestry flag was also raised by Dadabhai Naoroji Millions have died for it, it is no doubt a brown charkha embellishing the upper with the ‘Dharma Chakra’ - the ‘Wheel at the Calcutta session of the Congress in kind of idolatry which it would be a sin quadrant’. The flag was instantly rejected of Law’ of Emperor Asoka. The design Indian National Flag: Its Evolution and Adoption December 1906. to destroy. For a flag represents an ideal. by the national leaders apprehending of the wheel was taken from abacus of The unfurling of the Union Jack evokes the new flag would create more disunity the 3rd century A.D. Sarnath Lion Capital. Every country has a National flag. It is an inspired by the ancient symbol of the Bhikaiji Cama’s Flag in the English breast sentiments whose than bring harmony amongst the fellow The sample of the flag was made by explicit outward symbolic expression of Vajra or Thunderbolt. Vajra is a symbol (Fig 3) was a strikingly strength it is difficult to measure. The countrymen. Surya Badr-ud din Tyabji. It was then how a country sees itself. Flags became of Lord Buddha. It implies ‘The Selfless similar flag with minor Stars and Stripes mean a world to the decided that Pandit Nehru would wide spread symbols of national identity Man’. It was the weapon of Lord Indra. deviations. It was (Fig. 6) Purna Americans. The Star and the Crescent place the recommendation before the from early 19th century. Before the French Rishi Dadhichi’s selfless offering of displayed at the Swaraj Flag will call forth the best bravery in Islam. Constituent assembly on 22 July 1947. Revolution of 1789, it was monarchy himself had created the thunderbolt. International Socialist Undaunted with and not the common people, who The original flag made of pure silk is Congress at Stuttgart, It will be necessary for us Indians-Hindus, the setback, the Pandit Nehru, had a flag. With the advent of ‘Nation- preserved at Acharya Bhavan Museum, Germany by Madame Mohammedans, Christians, Jews, Parsis, Congress Working Committee presided presenting the State’ concept and the ensuing growth Bose Institute, Kolkata. Cama and her band and all others to whom India is their over by Sardar Ballavbhai Patel met new flag (Fig. 7) of exiled revolutionaries on August home-to recognise a common flag to again in Bombay in the same year in to the Constituent of nationalism - flags have become a Fig. 1: Nivedita’s 22, 1907. The flag was made by Hem live and to die for”. August 1931. The CWC came up with Assembly said: “... globalised phenomenon. flag at Acharya Chandra Kanungo (Das) in Paris. a new tricolour named ‘Purna Swaraj this flag that I have In India, flags as special insignia have Bhavan Museum. (Fig. 5) Swadeshi Flag Flag’ by changing the colour red into the honour to present you is not, I hope been used at least since the Vedic Nivedita’s flag was (Fig 4) In 1915 on book cover. As per saffron and shifting the white band in and trust, a flag of the dominion over times. In Rig Vedas, written in about adorned by the Dr. Annie Besant wishes of Mahatma the middle; “Saffron over White over anybody, but a flag of freedom not only 5000 B.C., flags were described as Ketu. symbol of the Vajra started the Home Gandhi, Pingali Green emblazoned with a blue Charkha for ourselves, but a symbol of freedom In ancient Indian literatures and epics, placed in between the words ‘Bande’ Rule movement in Venkayyaa transferred in the centre”. It implied that the colours for all people who may see it. And the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, we and ‘Mataram’ in Bengali with 108 jyotis India. The National the ‘white over red stood for qualities not communities; the wherever it may go – and I hope it will go see a large number of kings and princes embroidered along the outer periphery. flag she introduced in consultation with over green with a saffron for courage and sacrifice, white far- not only where Indians dwell as our each with distinctive dhavjas or flags. The number 108 is a perfect three- Bal Gangadhar Tilak and B. P. Wadia had charkha’ design onto for truth and peace, and Green for faith ambassadors and ministers but across All flags in India, whether ancient or digit multiple of three, its components two colours - red representing the Khadi bunting. Though the first tricolour, and strength. The charkha stood for the the far seas where it may be carried by medieval, were either personal or social adding up to nine, which is the sum Hindus and green for the Muslims. The was not officially accepted by AICC, welfare of the masses. Once the new the Indian ships, wherever it may go, it or religious. The concept of national flag of triple threes. Three is ‘Trinity’ that stars were arranged in the configuration it began to be hoisted in all Congress flag was approved, Dr N.S. Hardikar took will bring a message of comradeship, a took long time to develop. Before the represents supreme balance in the of ‘Saptarishi’ constellation. The occasions. Gandhiji’s approval made the task of transferring the design onto message that India wants to be friend British came, there was not really an India. form of creation, maintenance and inclusion of the Union Jack made the flag it sufficiently popular. The flag was in Khadi - the cloth of freedom. with every country of the world and The British win in the “Battle of Plassey” in destruction or transformation. The unacceptable to the masses. Although use till 1931. Objections were raised India wants to help any people who 1757 paved the way for the formation amazing transformation of the slogan the flag essays as described above were from time to time with the communal The National Flag of India. seek freedom. That hope will be the of a United States of India as a unit. The ‘Bande Mataram’, also spelt as ‘Vande derived from the cultural manifestations interpretations of the Swaraj colours On 20 February 1947 the British message of this flag everywhere”. At the official British flag for India, the Union Jack Mataram’ derived from an innocent song of India, they didn’t find much patronage – Green was made to represent the Parliament announced to transfer stroke of midnight 14-15 August 1947, defaced with the motto “Heaven’s Light of a 19th century novel ‘Ananda Math’ or support for adoption as the National Muslims - Red the Hindus and the neutral powers to India by June 1948. With free India’s National flag was hoisted Our Guide” had practically no appeal to penned by Bankimchandra Chatterjee flag and subsequently relegated to White – all other lesser communities. nation-wide euphoria on imminent atop the Council House (Parliament the Indian body politic. In 1905, Lord into a revolutionary ‘war cry’ was the history. In 1916, Pingali Venkayya, an Conflicts around the flag widened after freedom, resentment surfaced over Bhavan). The flag was presented by Curzon’s declaration of ‘Partition of work of the youth in Bengal charged avid flag enthusiast, came up with a the breakdown of Congress-Khilafat the continuation of ‘charkha’ – a Hansa Mehta representing the Flag Bengal’ became at once a turning point with their desire for liberation from booklet titled ‘A National Flag for India’ alliance in 1924. Muslim League’s symbol synonym with the Congress Presentation Committee, comprising all in the Indian independence movement. foreign rule. There were two other flags wherein he had presented twenty-four attitude changed, they were no longer party - on our National flag. It was felt women members of the Constituent It was at this point of time, termed that had the slogan ‘Bande Mataram’ flag designs. Pingali also organized an inclined to accept the Swaraj flag. Sikhs necessary to re-design a National flag, Assembly, as a gift from the women of as great wave of national struggle, emblazoned - the Calcutta Flag of 1906 exhibition to garner support for a truly demand for inclusion of their colour which would be acceptable to all the India.’ In short the need to unite the whole of India and Madame Bhikaji Rustom Cama’s flag Indian National flag.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Memorandum of the Secretariat General on the European Flag Pacecom003137
    DE L'EUROPE - COUNCIL OF EDMFE Consultative Assembly Confidential Strasbourg,•15th July, 1951' AS/RPP II (3) 2 COMMITTEE ON RULES OF PROCEDURE AND PRIVILEGES Sub-Committee on Immunities I MEMORANDUM OF THE SECRETARIAT GENERAL ON THE EUROPEAN FLAG PACECOM003137 1.- The purpose of an Emblem There are no ideals, however exalted in nature, which can afford to do without a symbol. Symbols play a vital part in the ideological struggles of to-day. Ever since there first arose the question of European, organisation, a large number of suggestions have more particularly been produced in its connection, some of which, despite their shortcomings, have for want of anything ;. better .been employed by various organisations and private ' individuals. A number of writers have pointed out how urgent and important it is that a symbol should be adopted, and the Secretariat-General has repeatedly been asked to provide I a description of the official emblem of the Council of Europe and has been forced to admit that no such emblem exists. Realising the importance of the matter, a number of French Members of Parliament^ have proposed in the National Assembly that the symbol of the European Movement be flown together with the national flag on public buildings. Private movements such as'the Volunteers of Europe have also been agitating for the flying of the European Movement colours on the occasion of certain French national celebrations. In Belgium the emblem of the European Movement was used during the "European Seminar of 1950" by a number of *•*: individuals, private organisations and even public institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colours of the Fleet
    THE COLOURS OF THE FLEET TCOF BRITISH & BRITISH DERIVED ENSIGNS ~ THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE WORLDWIDE LIST OF ALL FLAGS AND ENSIGNS, PAST AND PRESENT, WHICH BEAR THE UNION FLAG IN THE CANTON “Build up the highway clear it of stones lift up an ensign over the peoples” Isaiah 62 vv 10 Created and compiled by Malcolm Farrow OBE President of the Flag Institute Edited and updated by David Prothero 15 January 2015 © 1 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Page 3 Introduction Page 5 Definition of an Ensign Page 6 The Development of Modern Ensigns Page 10 Union Flags, Flagstaffs and Crowns Page 13 A Brief Summary Page 13 Reference Sources Page 14 Chronology Page 17 Numerical Summary of Ensigns Chapter 2 British Ensigns and Related Flags in Current Use Page 18 White Ensigns Page 25 Blue Ensigns Page 37 Red Ensigns Page 42 Sky Blue Ensigns Page 43 Ensigns of Other Colours Page 45 Old Flags in Current Use Chapter 3 Special Ensigns of Yacht Clubs and Sailing Associations Page 48 Introduction Page 50 Current Page 62 Obsolete Chapter 4 Obsolete Ensigns and Related Flags Page 68 British Isles Page 81 Commonwealth and Empire Page 112 Unidentified Flags Page 112 Hypothetical Flags Chapter 5 Exclusions. Page 114 Flags similar to Ensigns and Unofficial Ensigns Chapter 6 Proclamations Page 121 A Proclamation Amending Proclamation dated 1st January 1801 declaring what Ensign or Colours shall be borne at sea by Merchant Ships. Page 122 Proclamation dated January 1, 1801 declaring what ensign or colours shall be borne at sea by merchant ships. 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction The Colours of The Fleet 2013 attempts to fill a gap in the constitutional and historic records of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth by seeking to list all British and British derived ensigns which have ever existed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Flag Day
    The Origins of Flag Day That the flag of the United States shall be of thirteen stripes of alternate red and white, with a union of thirteen stars of white in a blue field, representing the new constellation. This was the resolution adopted by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777. The resolution was made following the report of a special committee which had been assigned to suggest the flag’s design. A flag of this design was first carried into battle on September 11, 1777, in the Battle of the Brandywine. The American flag was first saluted by foreign naval vessels on February 14, 1778, when the Ranger, bearing the Stars and Stripes and under the command of Captain Paul Jones, arrived in a French port. The flag first flew over a foreign territory in early 1778 at Nassau, Bahama Islands, where Americans captured a British fort. Observance of the adoption of the flag was not soon in coming, however. Although there are many claims to the first official observance of Flag Day, all but one took place more than an entire century after the flag’s adoption in 1777. The first claim was from a Hartford, Conn., celebration during the first summer of 1861. In the late 1800s, schools all over the United States held Flag Day programs to contribute to the Americanization of immigrant children, and the observance caught on with individual communities. The most recognized claim, however, comes from New York. On June 14, 1889, Professor George Bolch, principal of a free kindergarten for the poor of New York City, had his school hold patriotic ceremonies to observe the anniversary of the Flag Day resolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Flags of Asia
    Flags of Asia Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 27/09/2021 04:44:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12198 FLAGS OF ASIA A Bibliography MAY 2, 2017 ROLLAND MCGIVERIN Indiana State University 1 Territory ............................................................... 10 Contents Ethnic ................................................................... 11 Afghanistan ............................................................ 1 Brunei .................................................................. 11 Country .................................................................. 1 Country ................................................................ 11 Ethnic ..................................................................... 2 Cambodia ............................................................. 12 Political .................................................................. 3 Country ................................................................ 12 Armenia .................................................................. 3 Ethnic ................................................................... 13 Country .................................................................. 3 Government ......................................................... 13 Ethnic ..................................................................... 5 China .................................................................... 13 Region ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Union Flag Or Union Jack?
    UNION FLAG OR UNION JACK? An Official Flag Institute Guide INDEX Foreword by the Chairman of the Flags & Heraldry Committee ...............................................................1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................2 David Lister .............................................................................................................................................2 The Many Names of the Flag ...................................................................................................................3 Derivation of the Word “Jack” .................................................................................................................3 Origins of Flags in the Fore of Ships .........................................................................................................3 The Name of the Flag in Royal Proclamations ......................................................................................... 4 The Name of the Flag in Official Statements ........................................................................................... 6 Writers About Flags ................................................................................................................................ 6 The Jack and the Jack-Staff ...................................................................................................................... 8 Conclusion: Union Flag or Union Jack? .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Flags and Banners
    Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Flag of India (Tiranga) �
    20 August,2021 Friday 3 GUJ AIR SQN NCC RAJKOT GROUP, GUJRAT DTE. Flag of India (Tiranga) ϝ The National Flag of India (Hindi: Tiraṅgā) is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. ● Name:-Tiraṅgā(meaning "Tricolour") ● Use :- National flag ● Proportion:-2:3 ● Adopted:-22 July 1947; 73 years ago ● Design:-A horizontal triband of Indi saffron, white, and India green; charged with a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes in the centre. ● Designed by:-Pingali Venkayya By law, the flag is to be made of khadi, a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, made popular by Mahatma Gandhi. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, who allocates it to regional groups. As of 2009, the Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha has been the sole manufacturer of the flag. Usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India and other laws relating to the national emblems.
    [Show full text]
  • Constituent Assembly of India Debates (Proceedings)- Volume Iv
    CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA DEBATES (PROCEEDINGS)- VOLUME IV Tuesday, the 22nd July 1947 ----------------------------------- The Constituent Assembly of India met in the Constitution Hall, New Delhi at Ten of the Clock, Mr. President (The Honourable Dr. Rajendra Prasad) in the Chair. ----------------------------------- PRESENTATION OF CREDENTIALS AND SIGNING OF THE REGISTER The following Member presented his Credentials and signed the Register; Mr. Jai Sukh Lal Hathi (Residuary States Group); ------------------------------------ Mr. Ram Narayan Singh (Bihar: General): Sir, I wish to draw your attention to a very important constitutional issue. I think, and everybody knows, that we are meeting as a sovereign body here and making the constitution for a future Free India. But in the envelopes used by the Assembly Office we still find on the top the words 'On His Majesty's Service'. I think this is not proper and I draw the attention of the House and yourself to this matter. I hope these words will be dropped from the envelopes in future in the correspondence conducted by the Assembly Office. ------------------------------------- RESOLUTION RE. NATIONAL FLAG Mr. President: We shall proceed with the agenda. The first item on the agenda is a Motion by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru about the Flag. The Honourable Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (United Provinces: General): Mr. President, it is my proud privilege to move the following Resolution: "Resolved that the National Flag of India shall be horizontal tricolour of deep Saffron (Kesari), white and dark green in equal proportion. In the centre of the white band, there shall be a Wheel in navy blue to represent the Charkha. The design of the Wheel shall be that of the Wheel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Flag Evolution
    The Dynamics of Flag Evolution THE DYNAMICS OF FLAG EVOLUTION the obvious colours for the flag is still alive and doing well, although unfortunately extinct in Britain. Dr. William G. Crampton The ideal heraldic process was therefore from the arms, to the colours, to the flag, particularly the flag for This paper is the second instalment of my treatment common usage, and from there to a further form, the of the theoretical aspects of flag evolution and taxo­ striped flag with the arms added back to it, to make a nomy, following from the paper on the «Phylogenesis more official or Important flag. Another use of this, as of Vexillology# presented at Barcelona in 1991In that we know from the work of Rabbow and Gunther is the paper I postulated that just as living organisms form civic flag with the arms added back to it, probably for themselves into genetic families so do flag designs, and purposes of distinction, since there is a limit to the num­ that these grow into major, intermediate and minor ber of striped flags that can exist together at any one groupings as do organic life-forms. I also postulated the time^-T existence of at least twelve major flag root-forms, label­ led «Urflaggen», from which, it could be demonstrated, Related to heraldry and roughly co-terminous with it a huge proportion of the world's flags, both extant and was the influence of religion. Two major forms of this extinct, could be shown to be derived. are known: the Christian and the Moslem, and both related very directly to flags for personal and territorial The purpose of this paper is to illustrate some of the use.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise/Decline of Asia in a (Post-)Pandemic World
    The Rise/Decline of Asia in a (post-)pandemic world Interdisciplinary analyses of consequences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic with regard to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Hong Kong, the Bay of Bengal, and the South China Sea © Utrecht Institute for Crisis and Conflict Simulation, May 2020 Colophon This report is a student-led production as part of the Utrecht Institute for Crisis and Conflict Simulation (UICCS). Frontpage picture by Kayla Kozlowski. ▪ Aimée-Stephanie Reid - Research ▪ Jarne van der Poel - Pandemic Coordinator Representative (WHO) ▪ Alexander Hoppenbrouwers - Gaming ▪ Laura Birbalaite - Timeline Coordinator Representative ▪ Anandi Sweere - Middle East ▪ Leonard van Lembergen - Civic Military Coordinator Representative ▪ Annabelle Willeme - Legal ▪ Louis Stapleton - PR and Fundraising Representative Head ▪ Ariana Lanzer - Graphic Design ▪ Mathilde Panis-Jones - PR and ▪ Arnoud Roelfsema - PR and Fundraising Fundraising Representative Head ▪ Nirmiti Somani - Pandemic (WHO) Unit ▪ Deepleen Kaur- Graphic Design Head ▪ Cosme Mesquita da Cunha - Timeline ▪ Rachel Chan - PR and Fundraising Unit Head Representative ▪ Dany Kirilov - Timeline Representative ▪ Sabine Hillen - Mapping Representative ▪ Ellinor von Strowel - Mapping ▪ Sabine Loth - Asia Coordinator Representative ▪ Sam Reilly - Pandemic Representative ▪ Fenna Selman - Legal Unit Head (WHO) ▪ George Chokoy - Civic Military ▪ Sasha Thorburn - Gaming Coordinator Representative ▪ Tia Yang - Pandemic (WHO) Unit Head ▪ Helena Mitchell - Research Coordinator ▪ Yamuna Kali - Legal Representative ▪ Isabella Cassola - Mapping Head ▪ Zach Frazer - Civic Military Representative For more information, please contact Tim Goudriaan at [email protected] or visit www.uiccs.org. [Asia in a (Post-)Pandemic World] [UICCS] 1 Foreword “Never let a good crisis go to waste” has certainly been the adage of the makers of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Explanation 1
    EXCEL CIVILS ACADEMY DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS Date: 07-08-2020 EXPLANATION 1. Ans) (d) Explanation : Farmers in South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal are betting on the pokkali variety of rice from Kerala to tide over a crisis-like situation created by severe seawater incursion into paddy fields in vast areas of the Sundarbans after cyclone Amphan hit West Bengal on May 20. The pokkali variety, known for its saltwater resistance, flourishes in the paddy fields of coastal Alappuzha, Ernakulam and Thrissur districts of Kerala. The uniqueness of the rice has brought it the Geographical Indication (GI) tag and is the subject of continuing research. Vyttila-11 is the latest variety of Pokkali Rice to come out of Kerala Agricultural University’s field station in Vyttila. Vyttila-11 promises better yield of about 5 tonnes per hectare than the previous varieties, and is crossed with the Jyoti variety of rice popular in Kerala. 2. Ans) (a) Explanation : The Government of India launched the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) for the country’s promising junior athletes, with an aim to groom these young talents for medal glory at the 2024 and 2028 Olympics. The Sports Authority of India’s (SAI) ‘Mission Olympic Cell’ (MOC) has shortlisted 258 athletes in 12 sporting disciplines for TOPS Junior, including the 85 selected before the lockdown, who will be part of the ‘Developmental Group’. The selected athletes will receive a monthly ‘Out Of Pocket’ allowance of Rs 25,000. Of the 12 disciplines, 70 athletes have been shortlisted in shooting, 16 in athletics, 34 in archery, 27 in badminton, four in cycling, seven in table tennis, 14 in swimming, 11 in judo, 36 in boxing, 16 in weightlifting, five in rowing and 18 in wrestling.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian History Ancient Indian History : General Facts About Indian Rulers and Historical Periods
    Indian History Ancient Indian History : General Facts about Indian rulers and historical periods The Mauryan Empire (325 BC -183 BC) Chandragupta Maurya : In 305 BC Chandragupta defeated Seleucus Nikator, who surrendered a vast territory. Megasthenese was a Greek ambassador sent to the court of Chandragupta Maurya by Seleucus Bindusara: Bindusara extended the kingdom further and conquered the south as far as Mysore Asoka : (304– 232 BCE) Facts about Mauryas During Mauryan rule, though there was banking system in India. yet usury was customary and the rate of interest was 15’ /’ per annum on borrowing money. In less secure transactions (like sea Voyages etc) the rate of interest could be as high as 60 per annum. During Mauryan period, the punch marked coins (mostly of silver) were the common units of transactions. Megasthenes in his Indies had mentioned 7 castes in Mauryan society. They were philosophers, farmers, soldiers, herdsmen, artisans, magistrates and councilors. For latest updates : subscribe our Website - www.defenceguru.co.in The Age of the Guptas (320 AD-550 AD) Chandragupta I 320 - 335 AD Samudragupta 335-375 AD Ramagupta 375 - 380 AD Chandragupta Vikramaditya 380-413 AD Kumargupta Mahendraditya 415-455 AD Skandagupta 455-467 AD Later Guptas : Purugupia, Narasimhagupta, Baladitya. Kumargupta II, Buddhagupta, Bhanugupta, Harshagupta, Damodargupta, Mahasenagupta Literature : Authors and Book Bhasa -Svapanavasavdattam Shudrak -Mrichchakatika Amarkosh -Amarsimha Iswara Krishna -Sankhya Karika Vatsyana -Kama Sutra Vishnu (Gupta -Panchatantra Narayan Pandit -Hitopdesha For latest updates : subscribe our Website - www.defenceguru.co.in Bhattin -Ravan Vadha Bhaivi -Kiratarjunyam Dandin -Daskumarachanta Aryabhatta -Aryabhattyan Vishakha Datta -Mudura Rakshasa Indrabhuti -nanassiddhi Varahamihara -Panchasiddh antika, Brihad Samhita Kalidas : Kalidas wrote a number of such excellent dramas like Sakuntala, Malavikagnimitram, Vikrumorvasiyatn, epics like the Raghuvamsa, and lyric poetry like the Ritu-Samhara and the Meghaduta.
    [Show full text]