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National Academy of Sciences Autumn Meeting

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National Academy of Sciences Autumn Meeting National Academy of Sciences Autumn Meeting The National Academy of Sciences held its Autumn Meeting at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, on October 13-15, 1969. Three symposia and four sessions of contributed papers comprised the scientific sessions. Ab- stracts of contributed papers are printed in this issue. The following activities highlighted the program. Public Lecture- THE HONORABLE THOMAS J. \ICINTYRE, United States Senator: Power at the Pentagon and the Consent of the Governed: Congressional Control of Military Research and Development Award Presentation- The G. K. Warren Prize to BRIGADIER RALPH A. BAGNOLD (Ret.), F.R.S., "in recognition of his outstanding contributions to geology" SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS Monday Afternoon: SYMPOSIUM ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE Chairman: M\IATTHEW S. MIESELSON Harvard University, Cambridge, M\Jassachusetts GEORGE BUNN, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (formerly General Counsel, U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency): International Legal History and Present Status HAN SWYTER, Arlington, Virginia (formerly U. S. Department of Defense): Political Considerations and Analysis of Military Requirements for Chemical and Biological Weapons IVAN L. BENNETT, JR., New York University MIedical Center, New York, New York (formerly Deputy Director, Office of Science and Technology): Significance of Chemical and Biological Warfare for the People Tuesday Morning: SYMPOSIUM ON THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE- MANNED VS. UNMANNED Chairman: MIILLETT G. 1\IORGAN Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire FRANK H. BORMAN, Colonel, USAF, M\1anned Spacecraft Center, NASA, Hous- toil, Texas: Discussion Leader, Manned Exploration 1419 Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 1420 N. A. S. AUTUMN MEETING 1969 PROC. N. A. S. HARRISON H. SCHMITT, Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA, Houston, Texas: Contributor, Manned Exploration WILLIAM G. SHEPHERD, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota: Contributor, Manned Exploration WILLIAM H. PICKERING, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California: Discussion Leader, Unmanned Ex- ploration ANTHONY L. TURKEVICH, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois: Contributor, Unmanned Exploration JOHN W. FINDLAY, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia: Contributor, Unmanned Exploration Tuesday Afternoon: SYMPOSIUM ON THE FORMS OF WATER (First Session) Chairman: WALTER H. STOCKMAYER Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire BARCLAY KAMB, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California: The Polymorphic Forms of Ice ANDREW AsSUR, U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora- tory, Hanover, New Hampshire: Freezing of Sea Water: Some Implications BARCLAY KAMB, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California: Glacier Ice LARS ONSAGER, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut: Electrical Properties of Ice HANS GRETHLEIN, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire: Recovery of Water by Reverse Osmosis Wednesday Morning: SYMPOSIUM ON THE FORMS OF WATER (Conclusion) Chairman: WALTER KAUZMANN Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey FRANK H. STILLINGER, JR., Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey: Structure in Liquid Water IRWIN D. KUNTZ, JR., Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey: The Interaction of Water with Proteins ELLIS R. LIPPINCOTT, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland: Polywater Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 VOL. 64, 1969 N. A. S. AUTUMN MEETING 1969 1421 DUWAYNE M. ANDERSON, U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire: Remote Analysis of Planetary Water CONTRIBUTED PAPERS Monday Morning Sessions Session Chairman: BRYCE CRAWFORD, JR. Polar Ice Core Studies: C. C. LANGWAY, JR. The Origin of Oceanic Ridges: EGON OROWAN Charged Dislocations in Ice: K. ITAGAKI Microwave Dielectric Absorption of Surface Adsorbed Water: W. T. DOYLE and P. HOEKSTRA A Shear Limit to the Formation of Thrombi on Polyurethane Surfaces: A. KAN- TROWITZ, P. MADRAS, AND H. PETSCHEK On the Analysis and Synthesis of Abstract Systems: REESE T. PROSSER Hidden Momentum Consistency Condition for Amperian Current Sources of Magnetization: W. SHOCKLEY Exact Magnus Formula for Three Dimensional Vortices: ELISHA R. HUGGINS Session Chairman: ROBERT A. ALBERTY On the Mechanism of Gel Permeation Chromatography: JULIAN F. JOHNSON and ROGER S. PORTER A Stochastic Model for Chain Molecule Dynamics: W. H. STOCKMAYER and W. GOBUSH Thermodynamics of Liquid Crystals: ROGER S. PORTER and JULIAN F. JOHNSON Homogeneous Nucleation of Polymer Colloids: R. MI. FITCH and C. H. TSAI Thermodynamic Parameters for Dissolved Gases: JOEL H. HILDEBRAND Preparation and Properties of a "Soluble" Nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii: PERRY W. WILSON, R. J. FISHER, JOEL OPPENHEIM, and LEON MARCUS Measurements of A TP Levels of Intact Azotobacter vinelandii under Different Conditions: LUCILE SMITH and CHRISTOPHER J. KNOWLES Conformational Studies on the Threonine Sensitive Homoserine Dehydrogenase- Aspartokinase Complex of E. coli K12: EDWARD W. WESTHEAD and MARK TAKAHASHI An Unusual Low-Temperature Inactivation of Insect Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases: JOHN H. NORDIN and WILLIAM GELB Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 1422 N. A. S. AUTUMN MEETING 1969 PPROC. NAN. A. S. Tuesday Afternoon Session Session Chairman: D. STANLEY TARBELL Single Gene Mutations in Mammalian Somatic Cells: THEODORE T. PUCK, FA-TEN KAO, and LAWRENCE CHASIN Active and Inactive Ribosomes in Mouse Liver: 0. A. SCORNIK Effects of Reserpine on Brain Electrical Activity that Relate to Central Amine Mechanisms: R. H. RECH, J. H. PIRCH, and P. D. THUT The Transport of Oxypurines by Isolated Renal Tissue: W. 0. BERNDT The Photochemistry of Perfluorodiazines: D. 1\I. LEMAL, V. AUSTEL, and C. L. BRAUN Molecular Structure of Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane: ROBERT K. BOHN and YUAN-HENG TAI Slow Nitrogen Inversion in Bridged Heterocyclics: GORDON W. GRIBBLE Wednesday Morning Session Session Chairman: PAUL C. ZAMECNIK Isozyme-Patterns and Sexual Morphogenesis in Schizophyllum commune: JOHN R. RAPER and CHIU-SHENG WANG Determinations of Nitrogen Fixation Activity and Phosphorus Availability in Wisconsin Lakes Using the Acetylene Reduction Assay: R. H. BURRIS, W. D. P. STEWART, and G. P. FITZGERALD Skin Wettedness and the Maximum Evaporative Power of the Ambient Environment: A. PHARO GAGGE Electrical and Psychophysical Responses of the Human Visual System to Modu- lated Light: LORRIN A. RIGGS and SAMUEL SOKOL Offset Analysis Description of Racial Differences: W. SHOCKLEY Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Autumn Meeting, Hanover, New Hampshire, 13-15 October 1969 The Photochemistry of Perfluorodiazines preted to mean that xanthine and uric acid are transported by the renal organic acid The effects of ultraviolet radiation upon secretory mechanism. Hypoxanthine, on tetrafluoropyrazine and especially tetra- the other hand, is transported by the or- fluoropyridazine will be discussed in rela- ganic base secretory system to a slight tionship to the valence isomerization of extent, while the bulk of the activity resides other aromatics and to the cyclobutadiene in a specific purine transporting process. problem. This latter process may represent either a renal secretory mechanism, similar to the V. AUSTEL acid and base systems, or a device for C. L. BRAUN accumulating necessary intermediates for D. M. LEMAL normal renal metabolic processes. Dartmouth College W. 0. BERNDT The Transport of Oxypurines by Isolated Dartmouth Medical School Renal Tissue Molecular Structure of Bicyclo[2.1.0]- Most mammals maintain relatively low pentane plasma uric acid levels. Elevation of these levels can lead to precipitation of the uric The conformation of a 4-membered ring acid resulting in the clinical syndrome of can be puckered or planar. All structural gout. Since a major route of excretion of studies of 4-membered ring compounds uric acid is the kidney, considerable effort which do not contain cyclic or exocyclic has been expended in studying the renal double bonds report a puckered equili- elimination of this substance. For ex- brium configuration for the free molecule. ample, renal transport of uric acid under In the solid state, some of these molecules in vitro conditions has been well docu- have planar rings. However, it appears mented. Accumulation of this substance likely that the planar configurations in the by rabbit renal tissue appears to resemble solid phase are due to crystal packing forces that for other organic acidssuch as p-amino- which dominate the intramolecular forces hippurate. The recent availability of and cause a planar structure. On the clinically useful xanthine oxidase inhibitors other hand, compounds such as cyclo- has prompted other studies on the disposi- butane and cyclobutanone containing cyclic tion of the uric acid precursors, hypo- or exocyclic double bonds have planar xanthine and xanthine. The xanthine up- equilibrium configurations. take process is an energy-dependent one Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane has a cyclopro- with the following characteristics: a po- pane ring fused to a cyclobutane ring. tassium requirement, blockade by certain From electron diffraction studies of the organic acids, enhancement by acetate, vapor, we determined that the 4-membered and the quality of being uninfluenced by ring is planar. The remarkable carbon- certain purines. The hypoxanthine ac- carbon bond lengths in this molecule are cumulation process
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