18. UPPER BARREMIAN-LOWERMOST APTIAN ORBITOLINID FORAMINIFERS FROM THE GRAND BANKS CONTINENTAL RISE, NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC (DSDP LEG 43, SITE 384)

Rolf Schroeder, Geologisch-Palaontologisches Institut der Universitat Frankfurt a.M., Germany and Antonietta Cherchi, Istituto di Geologia e Paleontologia dell'Universita di Cagliari, Italy

INTRODUCTION Noteworthy is the presence within the septa of numerous aggluti¬ nated specimens of Nannoconus sp. This is discussed further below. During Leg 43, Lower Cretaceous bioclastic lime¬ Genus PALORBITOLINA Schroeder, 1963 stones containing orbitolinid foraminifers were recov¬ Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach), 1805 ered at Site 384 in the northwestern Atlantic. This site (Plate 1, Figures 1, 2; Plate 2, Figure 3) is situated on the J anomaly ridge, a protrusion at the Madreporites lenticularis Blumenbach, 1805, pl. 80, fig. 1-6. base of continental rise south of the Grand Banks (see Orbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach), Douglass, 1960, p. 31, pl. 1, fig. Figure 1). The coordinates of this hole are: latitude 1-26. / Orbitolina (Palorbitolina) lenticularis (Blumenbach), Schroeder, 1963, 40°21.65 N, longitude 51°39.80'W. A detailed litho- p. 348, pl. 23, fig. 1-9; pl. 24, figs. 1-10 (also for further synon¬ logical description of the bioclastic limestones, which ymy). are underlain below 325 meters by weathered basalt Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach), Schroeder, 1964, p. 465. (basement), is given in the report for Site 384 (Chapter Remarks: The embryonic apparatus of P. lenticularis is distinctly 4, this volume). characterized by its large embryonic cavity, which is covered by a Orbitolinid foraminifers were found in Core 16, layer of small chamberlets and surrounded by the periembryonic ring (Plate 1, Figures 1, 2). Among the predominantly calcareous Section 1, Core 20, Section 1, and Core 21, Section 1, specimens of Section 1 of Core 21 there occur others with coarsely in association with pachydont pelecypods and other agglutinated tests. The latter seem to be reworked and for this reefal forms. The few specimens from Core 16 (cored reason the Palorbitolina population is probably not homogeneous. interval 202.2-211.5 m) are rather poorly preserved; they seem to belong to a dictyoconid form with pillars in the interiors of chambers. In Core 21, Section 1, AGGLUTINATED NANNOCONUS IN THE orbitolinid foraminifers are abundant and relatively TESTS OF PALEODICTYOCONUS ARABICUS well preserved (cored interval 324.3-324.8 m). All In Section 384-21-1, tiny circular or elliptical struc¬ specimens from this core belong to the two species tures occur in large quantities within the septa of Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach, 1805) and Paleodictyoconus arabicus, especially visible in horizon¬ Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson, 1948), discussed tal sections (Plate 2, Figures 4, 5). Without doubt these below. structures represent sections of globular or pear-shaped specimens of Nannoconus sp. which were agglutinated by Paleodictyoconus. These Nannoconus are generally SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION 0.03 mm in diameter. The wall consists of minute Family ORBITOLINIDAE Martin, 1889 wedges more or less perpendicular to the surface of the Genus PALEODICTYOCONUS Moullade, 1965 test (Plate 1, Figures 8, 9; Plate 2, Figure 5). Their Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson), 1948 pointed ends are directed toward the internal cavity. (Plate 1, Figures 3-7; Plate 2, Figures 1, 2, 4, 5) It has long been known that orbitolinids incorporate Dictyoconus arabicus Henson, 1948, p. 35, pi. 1, fig. 5-8; pi. 14, fig. biogenic fragments (minute foraminifers and sponge 1-12. Dictyoconus arabicus Henson, Hofker, Jr., 1966, p. 19, pi. 6, fig. 5, 6. spicules) within their test. Schroeder (1965) and Reiss Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson), Schroeder, Conrad, Charollais, et al. (1966), for example, have independently shown 1968, p. 214. that the curious "calcite eyes" of orbitolinids are in Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson), Schroeder, Cherchi, Guellal, reality agglutinated kidney-shaped sponge spicules. It Vila, 1974, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 8, 9; pi. 2, fig. 9, 10. is also known that smaller foraminifers occasionally Remarks: This species, originally described as D. arabicus, was incorporate nannofossils into their tests. Luterbacher attributed to Paleodictyoconus Moullade for the first time by Schroe¬ (1975, pl. 5), for example, has illustrated a specimen of der et al., 1968, on the basis of the presence of interseptal pillars merging into rudimentary partitions in the upper part of chambers. Gaudryina compacta Graben whose wall consists al¬ The dimensions of specimens from Section 384-21-1 (see Figure 2) most exclusively of neatly arranged Watznaueria sp. and topotypes are similar. The slightly eccentric position of the This, then, is the first record of the utilization of megalospheric embryo, which consists of two chambers, is clearly nannofossils by orbitolinids in the construction of their visible (Plate 1, Figure 6; Plate 2, Figure 2). Rudimentary partitions test. are radially arranged within the outer part of the central zone of the chambers (Plate 1, Figure 5) and become labyrinthic in the center of The tests of Nannoconus have been incorporated this zone (Plate 2, Figure 1). principally within the central zone of the septa of

575 R. SCHROEDER, A. CHERCHI

60°W 52°W 48°W 44°W

48°N

DREDGED SAMPLE WITH PALORBITOLINA

44°N

Newfoundland Seamount ° Chain

40°N

Figure 1. Location of Site 384 (DSDP) and dredged sample (Sen Gupta and Grant, 1971) with Palorbitol- ina lenticularis south of Flemish Cap.

ble with the distribution of other agglutinated compo¬ nents in orbitolinid foraminifers.

Paleodictyoconus an (HENSON, 1948 AGE OF THE FAUNA Paleodictyoconus arabicus was described by Henson (1948) from the Barremian (?) of the Qatar peninsula (Arabia), where it occurs together "Orbitolina discoi- dea Gras var. delicata" Henson (= Palorbitolina lenticularis', cf. Schroeder, 1963) and Choffatella decip- Palorbitolina lenticularis (BLUMENBACH, 1805) iens. The presence of P. lenticularis excludes a lower Barremian date. In Central Iran (in the region of Esfahan) Paleodic¬

eter of test (mm) tyoconus arabicus was reported by Seyed-Emami et al. (1971) from the "Lower Orbitolina limestone" which Figure 2. Comparison of dimensions of Paleodictyoconus contains also "Orbitolina lenticularis." This limestone arabicus (Henson) (triangles) and Palorbitolina lenticu- is underlain by yellow dolomites with Matheronites (= laris (Blumenbach) (circles) in Section 384-21-1. Hemihoplites) soulieri (Math.), indicating upper Barre¬ mian, and followed by "Orbitolina"-bearing shales Paleodictyoconus, often forming an inner layer of and marls with Prodeshayesites tenuicostatus (Koe- closely arranged individuals (Plate 1, Figure 9). They nen), P. bodei (Koenen), and Deshayesites cf. de- are very rare within the interseptal structures and shay esi (d'Orbigny), indicating lower Aptian. The completely lacking in the marginal zone of chambers. "Lower Orbitolina limestone" was therefore regarded Their distribution within the test is therefore compara- by Seyed-Emani et al. (1971) as upper Barremian.

576 UPPER BARREMIAN-LOWERMOST APTIAN FORAMINIFERS, SITE 384 Paleodictyoconus arabicus also occurs in the lower fauna of Section 384-21-1 is upper Barremian-lower¬ Barremian of Kopet Dagh (Turkmenistan, USSR), most Aptian. where it was described as Dictyoconus arabicus and D. At present, this association, together with the Flem¬ walnutensis (Carsey) by Mamontova (1961); the spe¬ ish Cap Palorbitolinas, can be considered the oldest cies is likewise present in the Iranian part of Kopet orbitolinid fauna of the New World. Dagh (unpublished). In the western Mediterranean region, Paleodictyoco¬ PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE nus arabicus was recorded by Schroeder et al. (1974) FAUNA from various localities of the Constantine region On the basis of orbitolinid foraminifers, Cherchi and (northeastern Algeria). There, the species always occurs Schroeder (in Schroeder et al., 1974) could differenti¬ with Palorbitolina lenticularis, and in one instance ate two biogeographic provinces in the neritic Barre¬ with numerous Barremian cephalopods. It was there¬ mian of the western Mediterranean region. The north¬ fore dated by Schroeder et al. (1974) as uppermost ern province (Eastern Pyrenees, southeastern France, Barremian. Sardinia) is characterized by the so-called " Valserina- The above data all indicate that Paleodictyoconus association" (Cherchi and Schroeder, 1973). The char¬ arabicus is restricted to the Barremian. In Lebanon, acteristic species of the southern province (southern however, this species was reported by Saint-Marc part of Italian peninsula, with Sicily and northern (1970, pi. 1, fig. 12, 13, 15; non fig. 14) from the lower Algeria) are Paleodictyoconus arabicus and Orbitoli- half of the so-called "Falaise de Blanche." This forma¬ nopsis capuensis (De Castro). tion contains in its uppermost part Praeorbitolina Because of the presence of P. arabicus the orbito¬ wienandsi Schroeder (erroneously determined as linid fauna of Site 384 belongs to the southern prov¬ "Mesorbitolina lotzeV by Saint-Marc), a characteristic ince. Taking into consideration the paleogeographic species of the upper part of lower Aptian. It is there¬ position of the western Mediterranean region and fore possible that P. arabicus ranges into the Aptian. It northern America during the Early Cretaceous (Dietz can further be noted that the "Paleodictyoconus arabi¬ and Holden, 1970), this fauna represents the most cus Zone" from Bicaz Valley (East Carpathians, Ro¬ westerly known extension of this province. mania), established by Dragastan (1975), was dated by him as lower Aptian, which he based on the date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS published by Saint-Marc (1970) from Lebanon. No We wish to thank the Scientific Party of Deep Sea other paleontological indications for the lower Aptian Drilling Project Leg 43, particularly P. Rothe for placing at age are given. On the basis of the available data our disposal this interesting material. Thanks are also due to therefore, the stratigraphic range of Paleodictyoconus E. Martini for confirmation of our observations regarding the arabicus, is Barremian to lowermost Aptian, with its existence of Nannoconus sp. within the septa of Paleodictyo¬ maximum development in the upper Barremian. conus arabicus. Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach), as revised by Schroeder (1963), is a geographically widespread REFERENCES species of the Old World Tethys, and it is impossible to Cherchi, A. and Schroeder, R., 1973. Sur la biogéographie de enumerate all the known localities. According to 1'association à Valserina du Barrémien et la rotation de la Schroeder (1963), this species ranges from the upper Sardaigne: C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, v. 277, p. 829-832. Barremian to the base of the upper Aptian. In the New Dietrich, W. O., 1924. Zur Palaontologie und Stratigraphie World "Orbitolina lenticularis''' has been reported der Kreide und des Tertiars in der ostkaribischen Kordill- from Venezuela (Dietrich, 1924), Colombia (Karsten, ere Venezuelas: Centralbl. Mineral, p. 181-187. 1858), and Texas (Douvillé, 1900). It is difficult, Dietz, R. S. and Holden, J. C, 1970. Reconstruction of however, to determine whether these forms are conspe- Pangaea: breakup and dispersion of continents, Permian cific with Palorbitolina lenticularis as no structural to present: J. Geophys. Res., v. 75, p. 4939-4956. Douvillé, H., 1900. Sur quelques Rudistes americains details are given. True Palorbitolina lenticularis was (Mexique et Texas): Soc. Géol. France Bull, v. 28, p. 205- described by Sen Gupta and Grant (1971) from the 221. Flemish Cap (western North Atlantic, see Figure 1) Dragastan, O., 1975. Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous under the name Orbitolina conoidea Gras (= P. lenticu¬ microfacies from Bicaz valley basin (East Carpathians): laris', see Schroeder, 1963). An exact age is not given, Mém. Inst. Géol. Géophys. Bucarest, v. 21, p. 1-88. and the reported range (of "0. conoidea") given by Henson, F. R. S., 1948. Larger imperforate foraminifera of Sen Gupta and Grant (1971) ("Neocomian to Ceno- South-Western Asia. Families Lituolidae, Orbitolinidae manian, with the maximum development in Aptian") and Meandropsinidae: British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 1-127. has been obsolete for a long time. The Flemish Cap Karsten, H., 1858. Uber die geognostischen Verhàltnisse des Palorbitolinas that are not associated with Paleodictyo¬ westlichen Columbien, der heutigen Republik Neu-Gra- nada und Equador: Amtl. Ber. 32. Versamml. deutsch. conus arabicus are upper Barremian to basal upper Naturf. Arzte Wien, p 80-117. Aptian. Luterbacher, H., 1975. Early Cretaceous foraminifera from The conjunction of the stratigraphical ranges of the northwestern Pacific: Leg 32 of the deep Sea Drilling Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Barremian-lowermost Ap¬ Project. In Larson, R. L., Moberly, R., et al. Initial tian) and Palorbitolina lenticularis (upper Barremian- Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 32: Wash¬ base of upper Aptian) suggests that the orbitolinid ington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 703-718.

577 R. SCHROEDER, A. CHERCHI

Mamontova, E., 1961. Orbitolinidy. In Neokorn Sapadnoj , 1965. Die "Kalzit-Augen" der Orbitolinen und Turkmenii: Problema Neftegazonostosi srednej Azii, v. 51, ihre Deutung: N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh., p. 135-140. p. 72-92. Schroeder, R., Cherchi, A., Guellal, S., and Vila, J.-M., 1974. Montanari, L., 1964. Geologia del Monte Pellegrino (Pa¬ Biozonation par les grands Foraminifères du Jurassique lermo): Riv. mineraria siciliana, no. 88-90, p. 1-64. supérieur et du Crétacé inférieur et moyen des series Reiss, Z., Derin, E., and Gerry, E., 1966. O tak nazyvaemych néritiques en Algérie NE. Considerations paléobiogéo- "kalcitorych glaznach" v stenke rakovin aggljutiniru- graphiques: Sixth Coll. Africain Micropaleontol, Tunis juscich foraminifer: Voprosy Mikropaleontol, v. 10 (Akad. (1974), preprint (Cagliari, Italy), p. 1-8. Nauk SSSR), p. 234-242. Saint-Marc, P., 1970. Contribution a la connaissance du Sen Gupta, B. K. and Grant, A. C, 1971. Orbitolina, a Crétacé basal au Liban: Rev. Micropaleontol, v. 12, p. Cretaceous larger foraminifer, from Flemish Cap: paleo- 224-233. ceanographic implications: Science, v. 173, p. 934-936. Schroeder, R., 1963. Palorbitolina, ein neues Subgenus der Seyed-Emami, A., Brants, A., and Bozorgnia, F., 1971. Gattung Orbitolina (Foram.): N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh., Stratigraphy of the cretaceous rocks southeast of Esfahan: v. 117 (Festband Lotze), p. 346-359. Geol. Surv. Iran Rept., no. 20, p. 5-27.

578

R. SCHROEDER, A. CHERCHI

PLATE 1 All specimens from Section 384-21-1, upper Barremian.

Figures 1, 2 Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach), 1805. Axial sections through two young specimens showing megalospheric embryo. 48×. Figures 3-7 Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson), 1948. 3-5. Horizontal sections showing apertures, and interseptal pillars merging into rudimentary partitions. 30 ×. 6. Axial section through a young specimen show¬ ing the eccentrically situated bichambered embryo. 48 ×. 7. Axial section through an adult specimen. The embryonic part is destroyed. 48 ×. Figures 8, 9 Nannoconus sp. agglutinated in Paleodictyoconus arabicus. 8. Longitudinal section through a pear-shaped specimen of Nannoconus sp. agglutinated within an interseptal partition of Paleodictyo¬ conus arabicus. 520×. 9. Horizontal section through a part of a septum of Paleodictyoconus arabicus consisting al¬ most exclusively of closely arranged Nanno¬ conus sp. 520×.

580 UPPER BARREMIAN-LOWERMOST APTIAN FORAMINIFERS, SITE 384

PLATE 1

581 R. SCHROEDER, A. CHERCHI

PLATE 2 All specimens from Section 384-21-1, upper Barremian.

Figures 1, 2 Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson), 1948. 1. Horizontal section showing apertures, and interseptal pillars merging into rudimentary partitions. 30x. 2. Axial section showing the eccentrically situated bichambered embryo. 48×. Figure 3 Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach), 1805. Axial section passing within the embryonic appa¬ ratus through the chamberlets of the periembry- onic ring. 30 ×. Figures 4, 5 Paleodictyoconus arabicus (Henson), 1948. Par¬ ticular of Figure 1 showing agglutinated Nanno- conus (tiny white rings) within the dark septum. 4. 48 ×. 5. 130×.

582 UPPER BARREMIAN-LOWERMOST APTIAN FORAMINIFERS, SITE 384

PLATE 2

583