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Barremian to Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Ammonite Faunas of Title the Kochi Basin, Southwest Japan( Fulltext )

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Barremian to Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) Ammonite Faunas of Title the Kochi Basin, Southwest Japan( Fulltext ) Barremian to Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) ammonite faunas of Title the Kochi Basin, southwest Japan( fulltext ) Author(s) Masaki,MATSUKAWA Citation 東京学芸大学紀要. 自然科学系, 69: 197-222 Issue Date 2017-09-29 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2309/148234 Publisher 東京学芸大学学術情報委員会 Rights Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, Division of Natural Sciences, 69: pp．197～222，2017 Barremian to Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) ammonite faunas of the Kochi Basin, southwest Japan Masaki MATSUKAWA* Department of Environmental Sciences (Received for Publication; May 29, 2017) MATSUKAWA M.: Barremian to Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) ammonite faunas of the Kochi Basin, southwest Japan. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ. Div. Nat. Sci., 69: 197-222 (2017) ISSN 1880-4330 Abstract Faunal analysis of the Cretaceous of Japan is indispensable to fully understand Early Cretaceous ammonite biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography in the northern regions of the circum-Pacific rim. The Lower Cretaceous in the Kochi Basin bears ammonite specimens. Eighteen Barremian to Aptian ammonite species including one new species (Pseudohaploceras tosaense) from the Kochi Basin, Japan, are described on the basis of 74 specimens. The ammonite specimens comprise three associations, lower, upper and uppermost. The lower association, from the Nagashiba Formation, comprises two species of two genera. The upper association, from the lower part of the Wada Formation, comprises 11 species of 9 genera. Then, the uppermost association, from the upper part of the Wada Formation, comprises eight species of eight genera. At the generic level, these ammonites occur commonly in the Barremian – Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of Western and Eastern Europe, west – central and Southeast Asia, and the Pacific coast of North and South America. At the specific level, two species from the Nagashiba Formation are common in the Ishido and Hanoura formations (both Barremian), southwest Japan, and two species from the Wada Formation are common in the Toriakeura Formation (late Aptian) of the Choshi Group and the Tanohata and Hiraiga formations (late Aptian) of the Miyako Group. Three species migrated from Philippines to the Kochi Basin during Aptian with Oceanic current. They also migrated across the Pacific basin during Aptian time. Keywords: Ammonites; Systematic description; Barremian – Aptian; morphological analysis; migration Department of Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan 1. Introduction Matsukawa and Obata, 2015). Ammonite biostratigraphy and its paleobiogeography of Japan can be established on Lower Cretaceous ammonite faunas in Japan have been the basis of accumulations of systematic descriptions of reported from many areas (e. g., Shimizu, 1931; Obata, ammonite species from those areas. 1967, Obata and Matsukawa, 1984, 2007, 2009, 2017; The Kochi Basin includes one of type sections of Lower * Tokyo Gakugei University (4-1-1 Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan) － 197 － Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, Division of Natural Sciences, Vol. 69 (2017) Cretaceous in Japan (Obata and Matsumoto, 1977). Some 2. 2 Nagashiba Formation ammonite species from the basin were listed on some Definition. The formation consists mainly of sandstone papers (e.g., Kobayashi, 1945 ; Hirata, 1971, 1974 ; Katto and mudstone. The formation was named by Hirata (1971). et al., 1976), but those species have been not described with Synonym. Nagashiba Formation (Hirata, 1971), and paleontological systematics, yet. lower part of Arida series (Katto et al., 1976). So, eighteen Barremian to Aptian ammonite species from Type section. Otani, Fukui-cho, Kochi City. the Lower Cretaceous Kochi Basin are described with Distribution. Iwagara, Funagatani, Ohtani, Kuma in paleontological systematics, and its faunal characteristics Kochi City. and geological correlations with other area are discussed on Thickness. 330 m. this paper. Lithology and stratigraphy. The formation consists mainly of sandstone and mudstone, and thin conglomerate 2. Stratigraphy bed in its basal part. The conglomerate conformably covers underlying sandstone and mudstone identified as the Author measured geological sections and made Ryoseki Formation. geological map of the area in 1979-1980, but many houses Fossils. Rich plant and molluscan fossils including cover outcrops of the basin in 2017. Lower Cretaceous bivalves and ammonites were listed by Hirata (1971, 1974). deposits distribute in southern foot of the Shikoku mountains, and cover overlain the pre-Cretaceous basement 2. 3 Wada Formation deposits including Devonian and Silurian rocks, some Definition. The formation consists of muddy sandstone metamorphic rocks although fault present between the in its lower and mudstone in its upper. Lower Cretaceous deposits and basement deposits in now. Synonym. Wada Formation (Hirata, 1971), and upper part The Lower Cretaceous deposits consist of conglomerates, of Arida series (Katto et al., 1976). sandstone and mudstone, and divided into three formations; Type section. Kuma, Kochi City. the Ryoseki, Nagashiba and Wada, in ascending order (Figs. Thickness. 160 m. 1, 2, 3). Lithology and stratigraphy. The formation consists of thin conglomerate bed in its basal part, sandstone, muddy 2. 1 Ryoseki Formation sandstone, and mudstone in ascending order. Definition. The Formation consists of conglomerate, Fossils. Rich bivalves and ammonites were listed by sandstone, mudstone alternating beds of sandstone and Hirata (1971, 1974). mudstone. Synonym. Basal part of the Nagashiba Formation (Hirata, 2.4 Environments 1971), and Ryoseki series (Katto et al., 1976). The sequences from conglomerate, sandstone to Type section. Ryoseki, Nangoku City, Kochi Prefecture. mudstone in Shikoku area including the present basin is Distribution. Sothern foothill of Mt. Konomori and interpreted to be caused by sea-level change, and be Engyoji in the Kochi Basin. The formation in this area is its suggested by deposited in shallow marine environments western part of the formation. (Kobayashi, 1945). Three formations consist all of Thickness. 120 m. succession from conglomerate to mudstone through Lithology and stratigraphy. The formation consists of sandstone in ascending order. Ammonites occur in middle conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, mudstone and alternating to upper parts of the Nagashiba and Wada formations, and beds of sandstone and mudstone. They are thin beds and corbiculoid bivalves occur in lower part of those both changeable laterally and vertically. The formation is contact formations (Hirata, 1974). This indicates that those basement rocks consisting of alternating beds of sandstone successions deposited under brackish to shallow marine and mudstone, mudstone and acidic tuff with fault, but the environments during transgressive time. Ammonite formation is considered to be unconformably covered the specimens described on this paper occurred from both basement rock. Nagashiba and Wada formations (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). － 198 － Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, Division of Natural Sciences, Vol. 69 (2017) 3. Systematic paleontology constrictions, but the Californian specimens have prominent ones. Then, the Californian specimens are characterized by Specimens illustrated are housed in the Kochi Prefectural complexly frilled mature suture with diphyllic E/L and L/ Makino Botanical Garden, Kochi (KPFM). Morphological U 2, but the Japanese specimen does not confirm these terms used are defined in the Treatise (Arkell et al., 1957) characters. So, I hesitate to give species name of E. and descriptive terms (e.g., very small, very large, fairly californicum to the present specimen. The present specimen narrow, and others) are those of Matsumoto et al. (1988). is similar to the illustrated specimens of E. californicum The following symbols for measurements are used: D = the (Kawabe, 2007, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) from the Miyako Group, total diameter, U = the diameter of umbilicus, U/D = the Japan, in having numerous fine lirae, but width of whorl of umbilicus/total diameter ratio, H = the whorl-height, W = the present specimen is narrower than that of the specimens the whorl-width, W/H = the width/height ratio, Dx = from the Miyako Group. maximum diameter of loose spire, Dn = minimum diameter Age, occurrence and Horizon. Aptian. Euphylloceras of loose spire, Ux = maximum umbilical gap, Un = californicum is reported from the Aketo Formation (lower minimum umbilical gap (Matsukawa, 1988). All Albian) of Miyako Group, Japan (Obata and Matsukawa, measurements are given in mm, unless otherwise stated. 2017) and the Eotetragonites wintunium Zone (upper Aptian) and Beudanticeras hulenense Zone (lower Albian) Order: Ammonoidea von Zittel, 1884 of the Horsetown stage, California (Murphy, 1956). Suborder: Phylloceratina Arkell, 1950 Family: Phylloceratidae von Zittel, 1884 Subfamily: Calliphylloceratinae Spath, 1927 Subfamily: Phylloceratinae von Zittel, 1884 Genus: Hypophylloceras Salfeld, 1924 Genus: Euphylloceras Drushchits, 1956 Hypophylloceras cf. onoense (Stanton, 1895) Euphylloceras cf. californicum (Anderson, 1938) Fig. 4B Fig. 4A Material. One fragmentary specimen of external cast of 1974 Hypophylloceras sp., Hirata, pl. 11, fig. 9. KPFM 6802 (M. Hirata coll.) from mudstone of the Wada Material. A single specimen of external cast of KPFM Formation, at loc. Kc 15, Kuma, Kochi City, Kochi 6967 (M. Hirata coll.) from mudstone of the Wada Prefecture. Formation, at loc. Kc 9, Fukui-cho, Kochi City, Kochi Dimension (in mm). H of KPFM 6802 is
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