Despatches Summer 2017 July 2017
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MA Dissertatio
Durham E-Theses Northumberland at War BROAD, WILLIAM,ERNEST How to cite: BROAD, WILLIAM,ERNEST (2016) Northumberland at War, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11494/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk ABSTRACT W.E.L. Broad: ‘Northumberland at War’. At the Battle of Towton in 1461 the Lancastrian forces of Henry VI were defeated by the Yorkist forces of Edward IV. However Henry VI, with his wife, son and a few knights, fled north and found sanctuary in Scotland, where, in exchange for the town of Berwick, the Scots granted them finance, housing and troops. Henry was therefore able to maintain a presence in Northumberland and his supporters were able to claim that he was in fact as well as in theory sovereign resident in Northumberland. -
Diarrhoea, Dysentery, and the Clap: Connecting the Military Lifestyle to Literary & Skeletal Evidence of Reactive Arthropathy Induced by Bacterial Infections
DIARRHOEA, DYSENTERY, AND THE CLAP: CONNECTING THE MILITARY LIFESTYLE TO LITERARY & SKELETAL EVIDENCE OF REACTIVE ARTHROPATHY INDUCED BY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Meghan E. Banton Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON Institute of Archaeology [1] DECLARATION I, Meghan E. Banton, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ABSTRACT Military combatants are frequently exposed to physical exertion, sleep deprivation, deficient diets, and stress, which can all reduce the immune system’s ability to ward off infections. Making matters worse, combatants frequently inhabit overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions, which allow bacteria to thrive. As a result of these circumstances, the military lifestyle is associated with increased exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. This explains why epidemics are extremely common during times of war, especially in pre-twentieth century conflicts. Though military infectious diseases have been the topic of much research, bioarchaeological contributions have been limited, as most infectious diseases do not cause direct skeletal changes. For example, diarrhoea, dysentery, gonorrhea, and tonsillitis do not cause skeletal changes, but all are known to have been common among historical combatants. Though direct skeletal changes are not produced, the pathogenic bacteria causing these ailments can trigger reactive arthropathies (arthritic conditions caused by microbial infections), which includes the Spondyloarthropathies. Spondyloarthropathies cause skeletal changes and can be observed in archaeological remains. As such, the present research has chosen to explore the potential consequences of military infectious disease by answering the following question: were reactive arthropathies an occupational hazard to past military combatants? This question is answered through two methods. -
ABERFORD STAC 8/ 275/ 22: Thomson Vs. Shilleto 1620-1621
ABERFORD STAC 8/ 275/ 22: Thomson vs. Shilleto 1620-1621 Aberford, a village and parish on the Great North Road (now the A1) about 12 miles east of Leeds, was described by John Leland in the early 1540s as “only a poor roadside place on Watling Street”.1 Located near the confluence of the Cock Beck and the smaller River Crow, the village had a fulling mill in the early 14th century and relied on pin making in the early modern period. According to Richard Braithwait’s Barnabees Journal (1638), Aberford’s “’beginning came from buying drink with pinning’” and the people appeared to be “’Poor … and very needy/ Yet of liquor too too greedy’”.2 The Court of Star Chamber extended is jurisdiction over cases of defamation on the grounds that it was dangerous to the peace and security of the state. Libels directed against the monarch, magistrates, or other public figures represented a clear threat to the state, it was argued, because “they incited to sedition”.3 As Sir Edward Coke noted in his Reports, “Let all men take heede how they complayne in wordes against any magistrate, for they are gods”.4 The alleged libel of which Thomas Shilleto complains falls into this category, for the complaint depends upon verses that denigrate him in his capacity as High Constable of Barkston Ash and, as a result, discredit him in the eyes of other officers of justice. The places where Shilleto claims that the libel was published--Sherburn in Elmet, South Milford, Ferrybridge, Knottingley, and Pontefract--are all within 13 miles of Aberford, Pontefract being the furthest from that village. -
From Towton to Bosworth: the Leicestershire Community and the Wars of the Roses 1461-1485 by Daniel Williams
From Towton to Bosworth: the Leicestershire community and the Wars of the Roses 1461-1485 by Daniel Williams A medieval battle was the most transient of events, armies converged, confronted one another, fought and either died or departed. Their effects upon the landscape were obliterated within the seasonal cycle though the occasion often lingered on in local folk memory. Bosworth Field was no exception, fought almost by chance on an area of marsh and waste in western Leicestershire 'mete for twoo battales to encountre' 1 lying south of Market Bosworth between the villages of Shenton, Sutton Cheney, Dadlington and Stoke Golding. 2 Yet the consequences of that fierce engagement were by no means transient for it heralded a period of one hundred and eighteen years of Tudor monarchy. The historical significance of the Battle lies somewhere between these extremes of event and consequence. Its effects upon the local community of Leicestershire are equally difficult to pin down though they encompassed far more than just folk memory. At the heart of the problem lies the death of Richard III, one of the very few kings of England to die in combat upon the battle field, and the consequences of that untoward event upon both the nation and the shire community. With the dubious advantages of hindsight the victory of Henry VII - for there were two kings upon that battlefield, one crowned and other proclaimed - has been regarded by later generations as a watershed in English history marking the transition from Medieval to Modern. Those living in 1485 might be pardoned for not seeing things quite that way. -
Advisory Walkover Cock Beck, Wharfe Catchment November 2017
Advisory Walkover Cock Beck, Wharfe Catchment November 2017 Index Key Findings Introduction Link to Google Map with images Catchment & Fishery Overview Habitat Assessment Recommendations Quick Wins Riparian Habitat Spawning Habitat Pollution Fish Passage Making it Happen 1 Key Findings Cock Beck is severely challenged. It has been stripped of its ability to perform many natural geomorphological processes through historic dredging, in places with associated straightening or realignment. In essence, it has been converted into a drain. To reinstate this would require significant raising of the bed level throughout, to allow for better connection with the flood plain. Resource and a change in land management are likely to be prohibitive. Water quality is an ongoing issue. No specific point sources of nutrient pollution were witnessed. Diffuse pollution of fine sediment is rife, with some clearly defined point sources identified around fords, poorly conceived field drains and/or field buffers, cattle drinks, and bank degradation due to poaching. These point sources of fines provide opportunities for quick wins through installation or reinstatement of fencing. Daylighting some of the lower reaches and livestock exclusion around the mid reaches, both to promote better, natural riparian growth should encourage the Beck to self-heal through diversifying the bank profile and pinching the channel through instream colonisation. Encouragement of geomorphological process by judicious installation of woody material where the channel is already trying to renaturalise will aid retention and sorting of substrate, in particular the gravels required for spawning and invertebrate habitat. Value added benefit will be realised through extending the interventions above and below those sections. -
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ENVIRONMENT AGENCY NORTH EAST REGION RIVER QUALITY SURVEY GQA ASSESSMENT 1998 DALES AREA FRESHWATER RIVERS AND CANALS RIVER REACH CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY 1990-9 JULY 1999 E n v ir o n m e n t A g e n c y NATIONAL LIBRARY & INFORMATION SERVICE NORTH EAST REGION Tyneside House. Skinnerbum Road, Newcastle Business Park. Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE4 7AR INTRODUCTION This document contains the derived General Quality Assessment (GQA) of the rivers in Dales Area for the year 1998. The grade is based on an amalgamation of three years data and thus reflects the river chemistry over the period 1996-8. The parameters used in the classification are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Ammonia and a monitoring frequency of at least monthly is preferred. The GQA results have been calculated by the National Centre for Environmental Data and Surveillance at Twerton. There have been some discrepancies between their database of sites and ours, always a problem when such huge blocks of information are transmitted backwards and forwards. This resulted in no GQA grade being calculated for some sites. Where this has occurred I have filled in the missing grade by calculating it locally. In such circumstances this is identified by the grade being represented in lower case. You will notice that this document is slightly different to those produced in previous years in that it does not contain any maps. There are a number of reasons for this but primarily it was decided to disseminate the tabular information rapidly after it’s return from the national centre out to the areas and produce a more in depth analysis of the information later on in the year. -
West Yorkshire Local Wildlife Site Selection Criteria
3 West Yorkshire Local Wildlife Site Selection Criteria West Yorkshire Local Sites Partnership 2016 (First published 2011) 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Local Sites 2 1.2.1 Statutory nature conservation site designations 2 1.2.2 Non-statutory nature conservation site designation in West Yorkshire 2 1.3 Local Sites within the Planning System 3 1.4 The Relevance of Legislation and Planning Policy Framework to Local Sites in West Yorkshire. 4 1.5 Relationship between UK Biodiversity Habitat Action Plans and Key Habitats in West Yorkshire 6 1.6 West Yorkshire Guidelines for Local Sites Selection 11 1.7 Membership of the West Yorkshire Local Sites Partnership 11 1.8 Format of the Local Wildlife Sites Guidelines 12 1.8.1 The basis of the habitat guidelines 12 1.8.2 The basis of the species guidelines 16 1.8.3 Limitations imposed by availability of information 19 1.9 Local Wildlife Site assessment and notification procedure 20 1.10 Monitoring and re-survey 21 1.11 Local Wildlife Site review procedure 21 1.12 Determining Local Wildlife Site boundaries 22 1.13 Administration 23 2 Habitat Selection Guidelines 25 2.1 Grassland 25 2.1.1 Selection Criteria and Attributes 28 2.1.2 General application to all grassland guidelines 28 2.1.3 Grassland Selection Guidelines 29 2.2 Woodland, scrub and hedgerows 37 2.2.1 Selection Criteria and Attributes 44 2.2.2 Woodland Selection Guidelines 44 2.3 Parkland, wood pasture, scattered trees and traditional orchards. 53 2.3.1 Selection Criteria and Attributes 57 2.3.2 Parkland, wood pasture and scattered trees selection guidelines. -
Rosse Papers Summary List: 17Th Century Correspondence
ROSSE PAPERS SUMMARY LIST: 17TH CENTURY CORRESPONDENCE A/ DATE DESCRIPTION 1-26 1595-1699: 17th-century letters and papers of the two branches of the 1871 Parsons family, the Parsonses of Bellamont, Co. Dublin, Viscounts Rosse, and the Parsonses of Parsonstown, alias Birr, King’s County. [N.B. The whole of this section is kept in the right-hand cupboard of the Muniment Room in Birr Castle. It has been microfilmed by the Carroll Institute, Carroll House, 2-6 Catherine Place, London SW1E 6HF. A copy of the microfilm is available in the Muniment Room at Birr Castle and in PRONI.] 1 1595-1699 Large folio volume containing c.125 very miscellaneous documents, amateurishly but sensibly attached to its pages, and referred to in other sub-sections of Section A as ‘MSS ii’. This volume is described in R. J. Hayes, Manuscript Sources for the History of Irish Civilisation, as ‘A volume of documents relating to the Parsons family of Birr, Earls of Rosse, and lands in Offaly and property in Birr, 1595-1699’, and has been microfilmed by the National Library of Ireland (n.526: p. 799). It includes letters of c.1640 from Rev. Richard Heaton, the early and important Irish botanist. 2 1595-1699 Late 19th-century, and not quite complete, table of contents to A/1 (‘MSS ii’) [in the handwriting of the 5th Earl of Rosse (d. 1918)], and including the following entries: ‘1. 1595. Elizabeth Regina, grant to Richard Hardinge (copia). ... 7. 1629. Agreement of sale from Samuel Smith of Birr to Lady Anne Parsons, relict of Sir Laurence Parsons, of cattle, “especially the cows of English breed”. -
Crime and Disorder Review – Report SC/11/4
Meeting: SCRUTINY COMMITTEE Date: 20 SEPTEMBER 2011 Time: 5.00PM Venue: COMMITTEE ROOM To: Councillors I Chilvers, M Dyson, K Ellis, M Hobson, D Mackay, Mrs W Nichols (Chair), C Pearson, D Peart, R Price (Vice Chair) Agenda 1. Apologies for absence 2. Disclosures of Interest Members of the Scrutiny Committee should disclose personal or prejudicial interest(s) in any item on this agenda. 3. Minutes To confirm as a correct record the minutes of the proceedings of the meeting of the Scrutiny Committee held on 27 July 2011 (pages 3 to 7 attached). 4. Chair’s Address to the Scrutiny Committee 5. Crime and Disorder Review – Report SC/11/4 Chief Inspector Richard Anderson, Ian Wolstenholme North Yorkshire Police Authority, Ian Cunningham, North Yorkshire Police, Senior Analyst and Colin Moreton, Community Safety Partnership Officer, Selby in attendance (pages 8 to 79 attached). 6. 1st Interim Corporate Plan Progress - Report SC/11/5 Report of the Director of Community Services (pages 80 to 92 attached). 7. New Homes Bonus Scheme – Report SC/11/6 Report of the Executive Director (S151) (pages 93 to 96 attached). 8. Access Selby Service Provision – Waste Collection and recycling Report SC/11/7 Report of the Senior Contracts Officer (pages 97 to 99 attached). Scrutiny Committee 20 September 2011 1 9. Section 106 Agreements – Report SC/11/8 Report of the Executive Director (S151) (pages 100 to 106 attached). 10. Scrutiny Committee Work Programme To consider the Scrutiny Committee’s Work Programme (pages 107 to 108 attached). M Connor Chief Executive -
Osteological Analysis Towton Hall & Towton Battlefield Towton North Yorkshire
Osteological Analysis Towton Hall & Towton Battlefield Towton North Yorkshire Site Code: TOWMG03 & TOWARO03 NGR: SE 48444 3956 & SE 479 382 Report No 0504 June 2004 Prepared for Prepared by Towton Battlefield Society Malin Holst 30 Enfield Drive York Osteoarchaeology Ltd Pontefract Fox & Hounds Cottage West Yorkshire Tockwith Road WF8 2EZ Long Marston York YO26 7PQ Reviewed by Niki Gilding Contributions by Jennifer Coughlan © Copyright York Osteoarchaeology Ltd Registered in England No 4982542 Towton04 i TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS Page Summary iii Acknowledgements iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2 1.2 METHODOLOGY 2 2.0 OSTEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 3 2.1 PRESERVATION 3 2.1.1 Skeletal Remains Excavated around Towton Hall 3 2.1.2 Skeletal Remains Recovered from the Battlefield 5 2.2 MINIMUM NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS 6 2.3 ASSESSMENT OF AGE 7 2.4 SEX DETERMINATION 8 2.5 STATURE 8 2.6 METRIC ANALYSIS 8 2.7 NON-METRIC TRAITS 9 2.8 CONCLUSION 9 3.0 PATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 10 3.1 CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 10 3.2 INFECTION 10 3.3 METABOLIC CONDITIONS 11 3.4 DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE 11 3.5 TRAUMA 13 3.5.1 Activity-Related Trauma 13 3.5.2 Circulatory Disorders 15 3.5.3 Fractures 15 3.5.4 Weapon-Related Trauma 16 3.6 CONCLUSION 18 4.0 DENTAL HEALTH 18 Towton04 ii 5.0 MORTUARY PRACTICE 20 6.0 DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY 20 References 23 Plates 1 BF03, articulated left foot from SF32 6 2 Skeleton 103, inflammation on right fibula – note the irregular bone surface 10 appearance 3 Thoracic vertebra from BF03 with large osteophyte (arrow) 12 4 Schmorl’s node -
The Battle of Towton
460 July The Battle of Towton HE year 1460 closed well for the Lancastrians. On 29 Dec. T Richard, duke of York, had been defeated and killed at Downloaded from Wakefield, and Margaret had followed up this success by routing the earl of Warwick at St. Albans and advancing upon London itself. There, however, the tide had turned. The rapacity of the northern men, gens Borea, gens perfidies, gens prompta rapines, brought them into no small detestation of the southerners; * http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/ Edward, earl of March, fresh from his victory at Mortimer's Cross, was threatening their rear; and Margaret, finding no hope of a diversion in her favour, gave orders for a retreat. As they went the northern men plundered shamefully. According to one autho- xity, ' Queen Margaret's council had granted and given leave to the northern men to spoil and rob the said city of London, and also the towns of Coventry, Bristol, and Salisbury.' Disappointed of their prey, the northerners in their retreat ' did harms innumerable, at University of Rhode Island on April 7, 2015 taking men's carts, wagons, horses, and beasts, and robbed the people and led their pillage into the north country, so that men of the shires that they passed by had almost left no beasts to till their land.'s Edward, who had been received as king by the Londoners, was soon in pursuit. The rapacity of the northerners 1 The following account of Towton is the result of a study of all the autho- rities to whioh I have been able to obtain access, and of an examination of the ground and neighbourhood. -
Local Environment Agency Plan
£TA - /nIoSttvA - &©;x. "2_ local environment agency plan NIDD AND WHARFE CONSULTATION REPORT JUNE 1997 YOUR VIEW S The Nidd and Wharfe Local Environment Agency Plan Consultation Report is the Agency's initial analysis of the status of the environment in this area and the issues that we believe need to be addressed. We would like to hear your views: • Have w e identified all the major issues? • Have we identified realistic proposals for action? • Do you have any comments to make regarding the plan in general? During the consultation period for this report the Agency would be pleased to receive any comments in writing to : The Nidd and Wharfe Environment Planner The Environment Agency North East Region Coverdale House Amy Johnson Way York Y 0 3 4UZ All comments must be received by 30 September 1997. All comments received on the Consultation Report will b e considered in preparing the next phase of the process, the Action Plan. This Action Plan will focus on updating section 4 of this Consultation Report by turning the proposals into actions, but the remainder of this Report will not necessarily be rewritten. Note: Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information in this report it may contain some errors or omissions which we shall be pleased to note. The Structure of this Consultation Report This Consultation Report is divided into two parts, Part I and Part II. A brief description of each can be found below. PARTI Consists of an introduction to the Agency, an overview of the Nidd and Wharfe area, key partnerships the Agency has with other bodies and proposals we feel will address the important environmental issues in the area.