Challenges That Define Our Nature Developments in the Financial Sector

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Challenges That Define Our Nature Developments in the Financial Sector Challenges that define our nature Developments in * the financial sector *Banking Review It is with great pleasure that Deloitte Among the relevant events of 2015, we launches the 11th edition of the Banking in may also highlight the fact that for the Analysis study. first time sovereign debt bonds were sold on international financial markets. This This is one of the benchmark initiatives emission was an important step towards undertaken by Deloitte with the objective the diversification of the financial sources of gathering, systematising and sharing the of economic actors. relevant information for the financial sector and its actors in the market. Of equal importance was the signing of the intergovernmental agreement between We believe that this study represents yet Angola and the United States of America another contribution towards transparency over the implementation of the Foreign and sophistication in a sector that has Account Tax Compliance Act. headed down a path of determined robustness in defence of its role played in Within the current economic context, the economy and the employment market we would highlight how the sector still and as well as in terms of social inclusion registered growth in assets and deposits through financial service provision. among the commercial banks analysed here. Thus, we believe that this project is no more than another complement to the Simultaneously, we may observe the very efforts that the financial sector itself has positive results turned in by the indicators been making towards assuming a leading related to electronic means of payments, role in the Angolan economy. in particular, a 45% surge in the number of transactions carried out through ATM This is a particularly noteworthy year given terminals. the BNA – the National Bank of Angola – commemorates its 40th anniversary In this edition, we again count upon the in 2016 and has long been an ally of the inputs of bank leaders sharing with us their financial system. In issuing the regulations experiences and visions on recent events as that drive new management and well as their strategic outlook for the sector. governance practices, the BNA embodies the mission to foster the financial sector The results that we present here are a and improve on the quality and credibility reflection of the work and commitment of financial institutions and their services of all actors engaged in the sector. They at the national level, for both the corporate are the challenges that define our nature and the individual markets, and also at the and the resilience that characterises the international level. development of the financial sector in Angola. Rui Santos Silva Country Managing Partner Deloitte Angola 01 Table of Contents Banking Review 2016 4 50 ABANC interview Macroeconomic framework 6 58 EMIS interview Angolan economic framework 8 66 Interviews Banking Review 2016 - Banking sector leaders Study 81 Financial statements 02 03 Banking Review 2016 | ABANC interview ABANC Strengthening the representation of members alongside our social partners In the last 12 months, what Another facet of the bank business What are the core goals and objectives What do you consider to be the role key aspects would you like to emerged out of the need to rethink the for the Financial Sector in general and of the banking sector in boosting the highlight regarding the activity and organisational measure within the field ABANC in particular until the end Angolan economy and in the financial performance of the Financial Sector? of managing the credits issued to the of 2017? inclusion of the private sector? What strategic actions have been economy in accordance with that in ABANC shall continue to deepen its The banks are the guarantor of the defined by the Banks to face the meanwhile deemed priority and necessary representation of its members to the investment necessary for employment, current challenges from the economic to change in the face of the needs social partners that have in recent growth and modernisation. Analysing context and exchange rate instability? emerging in the meanwhile. years maintained a close relationship the different actors contributing towards The 2015 financial year was especially In any of these situations, interconnected that greatly contributed towards the GDP, we find that private investment, characterised by the strong negative with the bank business, there were modernisation of the banking system consumption and exports, that we go impact caused by the sharp and prolonged transformations in their management that and correspondingly approximating, in a about enabling, are an essential objective drop in the price of crude, imposed upon greatly hindered their activities. sustained fashion, the best international and the fundamental motors of growth in the normal activities of banks hitherto Moreover, the banks had to deal with practices. We shall similarly maintain an any economy. To achieve such goals, bank heavily sustained by the dependence of fiscal reform and its consequences for effective presence in the discussions financing is an inherent factor. This should the national economy, on undertaking their products with implementation also around themes of relevance to fiscal be accessible to the extent of client needs, Amílcar Azevedo da Silva exchange rate operations destined to pay involving operational transformation reform, in which our contribution has their projects and the market. President of ABANC for the import of goods and services with preceded by thorough analysis. proven of great utility in relation to Banks, despite the vicissitudes of the – the Angolan Banking Association amounts of substantial relevance. No less important, the continuity of the interests of the respective parties. different economic environments, due to Within this economic conjuncture in which implementation of the new norms We shall also continue to strengthen the country having adjusted in keeping the high level of demand for the acquisition published by the BNA, in seeking to set the particular dedication given to the with the international crises that have of foreign currency among clients cannot down essential practices for relationships ongoing relationship with the UIF on every spread unavoidable contagion, have been be met, forces lottery allocated sales between banks and their correspondents. issue interconnected with combatting the acting financiers of the economy and the establishing of priorities with Indeed, a challenging financial year within money laundering and the financing of and would be able to play this role even banks needing to engage in prodigious a very difficult macroeconomic context terrorism where there still remains a lot more so should companies attain higher organisational redesigning so as to compounded by a business environment to do despite the improvements already standards of management through their sustain their businesses with a minimum that fell short of that necessary to attract attained and seeking in this fashion to partners gaining a capital structure more of credibility. The adverse conjuncture investors. attain the standards that guarantee greater appropriate to their businesses. prevailing imposes upon the competent confidence and credibility in the Angolan Should this happen, the banks, in due authorities the affixing of restrictive policies banking system. course, would gain the opportunity to that generate direct impacts on liquidity support this growth with the resulting management and forcing the banking benefits that we are all aware of. system to advance with continuous adjustments with troubled reflections on the relationships between banks and their clients, who do not always understand never mind accept such situations. There were, in fact, very difficult moments and that in some way contributed towards the existence of anomalous situations that had otherwise long since been overcome. 04 05 Banking Review 2016 | EMIS interview EMIS - Interbanking Services Company Constantly strengthening system and service resilience In the last twelve months, what key What strategic actions have been What are the main institutional goals What do you consider to be the role Inter-bank payments are not possible aspects would you like to highlight defined by EMIS to face the current and objectives for 2017? of EMIS in boosting the Angolan without cooperation and interconnections regarding EMIS activity challenges from the economic context In 2017, the number one priority, as already banking sector and economy? between those banks. EMIS thus performs and performance? and exchange rate instability? stated, is to maintain the service standards Angola today counts upon a modern a leading role which is that of the anchor EMIS is a system operator which places EMIS is no exception and also at the levels that our populations have payments system that is a reference of the payments system. However, there a strong importance on resilience. That experiences the effects of the exchange already become accustomed to. Hence in the region. As is known, the country is also a secondary but no less important was how over the last twelve months, we rate restrictions affecting the Angolan this also extends to constantly raising the went through a prolonged civil war that role that involves acting as the locomotive were able to ensure an up-time in excess economy. Any company dependent resilience of our systems and services. ended in 2002 and it was only with the powering the traction necessary for of 99.96% in the central system – a level of on external factors, whether be it In line with its core central mission, EMIS arrival of peace that the country truly progress in payment systems. service worthy of highlighting. the importation of raw materials or shall continue to focus its attentions on began to develop and modernise its Replicating the EMIS system in every It is a pity that this level of service has technology, as in our case, activities are the massification of electronic payments payments system. In 2003, Angola did bank individually, with equivalent levels of not always been accompanied by the conditioned by the exchange rate budget.
Recommended publications
  • List of Certain Foreign Institutions Classified As Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms
    NOT FOR PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY JANUARY 2001 Revised Aug. 2002, May 2004, May 2005, May/July 2006, June 2007 List of Certain Foreign Institutions classified as Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms The attached list of foreign institutions, which conform to the definition of foreign official institutions on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms, supersedes all previous lists. The definition of foreign official institutions is: "FOREIGN OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS (FOI) include the following: 1. Treasuries, including ministries of finance, or corresponding departments of national governments; central banks, including all departments thereof; stabilization funds, including official exchange control offices or other government exchange authorities; and diplomatic and consular establishments and other departments and agencies of national governments. 2. International and regional organizations. 3. Banks, corporations, or other agencies (including development banks and other institutions that are majority-owned by central governments) that are fiscal agents of national governments and perform activities similar to those of a treasury, central bank, stabilization fund, or exchange control authority." Although the attached list includes the major foreign official institutions which have come to the attention of the Federal Reserve Banks and the Department of the Treasury, it does not purport to be exhaustive. Whenever a question arises whether or not an institution should, in accordance with the instructions on the TIC forms, be classified as official, the Federal Reserve Bank with which you file reports should be consulted. It should be noted that the list does not in every case include all alternative names applying to the same institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.P.A
    Important Notice The Depository Trust Company B #: 15497-21 Date: August 24, 2021 To: All Participants Category: Tax Relief, Distributions From: International Services Attention: Operations, Reorg & Dividend Managers, Partners & Cashiers Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. CUSIPs: 46115HAU1 Subject: Record Date: 9/2/2021 Payable Date: 9/17/2021 CA Web Instruction Deadline: 9/16/2021 8:00 PM (E.T.) Participants can use DTC’s Corporate Actions Web (CA Web) service to certify all or a portion of their position entitled to the applicable withholding tax rate. Participants are urged to consult TaxInfo before certifying their instructions over CA Web. Important: Prior to certifying tax withholding instructions, participants are urged to read, understand and comply with the information in the Legal Conditions category found on TaxInfo over the CA Web. ***Please read this Important Notice fully to ensure that the self-certification document is sent to the agent by the indicated deadline*** Questions regarding this Important Notice may be directed to Acupay at +1 212-422-1222. Important Legal Information: The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) does not represent or warrant the accuracy, adequacy, timeliness, completeness or fitness for any particular purpose of the information contained in this communication, which is based in part on information obtained from third parties and not independently verified by DTC and which is provided as is. The information contained in this communication is not intended to be a substitute for obtaining tax advice from an appropriate professional advisor. In providing this communication, DTC shall not be liable for (1) any loss resulting directly or indirectly from mistakes, errors, omissions, interruptions, delays or defects in such communication, unless caused directly by gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of DTC, and (2) any special, consequential, exemplary, incidental or punitive damages.
    [Show full text]
  • A Crude Awakening
    Dedicated to the inspiration of Jeffrey Reynolds ISBN 0 9527593 9 X Published by Global Witness Ltd P O Box 6042, London N19 5WP,UK Telephone:+ 44 (0)20 7272 6731 Fax: + 44 (0)20 7272 9425 e-mail: [email protected] a crude awakening The Role of the Oil and Banking Industries in Angola’s Civil War and the Plunder of State Assets http://www.oneworld.org/globalwitness/ 1 a crude awakening The Role of the Oil and Banking Industries in Angola’s Civil War and the Plunder of State Assets “Most observers, in and out of Angola, would agree that “There should be full transparency.The oil companies who corruption, and the perception of corruption, has been a work in Angola, like BP—Amoco, Elf,Total and Exxon and the critical impediment to economic development in Angola.The diamond traders like de Beers, should be open with the full extent of corruption is unknown, but the combination of international community and the international financial high military expenditures, economic mismanagement, and institutions so that it is clear these revenues are not syphoned corruption have ensured that spending on social services and A CRUDE AWAKENING A CRUDE development is far less than is required to pull the people of off but are invested in the country. I want the oil companies Angola out of widespread poverty... and the governments of Britain, the USA and France to co- operate together, not seek a competitive advantage: full Our best hope to ensure the efficient and transparent use of oil revenues is for the government to embrace a comprehensive transparency is in our joint interests because it will help to program of economic reform.We have and will continue to create a more peaceful, stable Angola and a more peaceful, encourage the Angolan Government to move in this stable Africa too.” direction....” SPEECH BY FCO MINISTER OF STATE, PETER HAIN,TO THE ACTION FOR SECRETARY OF STATE, MADELEINE ALBRIGHT, SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN SOUTHERN AFRICA (ACTSA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE, SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL OPERATIONS, SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, JUNE 16 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report'16
    Annual Report’1 6 BFA has pressed ahead on a steady growth path throughout 2016, reporting financial performance indicators, which once again strengthen our financial identity. – The BFA Fortress. 2016 in Review +23% Market leader in banking Number of BFA Employees services offering in December rose from 2016, with the following market shares: 1.365 First Digital Annual Report issued in Angola 2.610 in December 2015 Transactions registered on BODIVA 24,4% to Share of Debit Cards 26,3% 2.632 +64% eFormar Share of POS terminals In December 2016 increase over 2015 BFA secured 67% of the market share of registered 4.332 Hours of Training 56,0% +0,8% conducted via the eLearning Share of Visa Cards Growth rate over 2015 transactions in 2016. platform: eFormar +8,4% AKZ +6,8% Net profit increase of Number of Customers BFA is the bank of choice of Sirius award in the in December 2016 “Best Financial Sector Company” reached 24.046 60,0% category. Amount stated in AOA million The Banker magazine Award for of Private Customers, “Bank of the Year in Angola 2016”. 1.571.107 according to the national +63,5% Customer Satisfaction Growth over 2015 EMEA Finance Award for survey. “Most Innovative Bank 2016”. BFA Annual Report AKZ Public access to BFA’s Annual Report Increase of can be done through laptop or tablet. Asset Portfolio Growth to A Customer growth of with This Annual Report can be downloaded at 108.939 www.bfa.ao in AOA million in securities (TBonds and TBills) BFA Net Service The Bank keeps its buying 1.312.880 position with respect to securities,
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF (675.1
    -33- References Aguilar, Renato, 1994, "Informe de Consultoria. Inflacion en Angola", Mimeo. Barro, Robert, 1995, "Inflation and Economic Growth", NBER Working Paper No. 5326. Berg, Andrew, and Eduardo Borensztein, 2000, "The Choice of Exchange Rate Regime and Monetary Target in Highly Dollarized Economies", Journal of Applied Economics, Vol. 3, No. 2. Briault, Clive, 1995, "The Costs of Inflation", Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, No, 35, Calvo, Guillermo, and Carlos Vegh, 1999, "Inflation Stabilization and BOP Crises in Developing Countries", NBER Working Paper No. 6925. Dickey, D.A. and W.A. Fuller, 1979, "Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74. Driffill, John, Grayham Mizon, and Alistar Ulph, 1990, "Costs of Inflation" in Friedman and Kahn, eds. Handbook of Monetary Economics, Vol. 2. Fischer, Stanley, Ratna Sahay, and Carlos Vegh, 2002, "Modern Hyper and High Inflations", NBER Working Paper No. 8930. Ghosh, Atish, and Steven Phillips, 1998, "Warning: Inflation May Be Harmful to Your Growth", IMF Staff Paper, Vol. 45, No. 4. Ize, Alain, Magnus Alvesson, Hernan Mejia, Jorge Perez, and Gonzalo Sanhueza, 2001, "Angola. Monetary and Foreign Exchange Policy Framework in Support of an Effective Disinflation Strategy", International Monetary Fund, Unpublished Document. Ize, Alain, Pedro Albuquerque, Carlos Perez Verdia, and Martin Naranjo, 2002, "Angola. Further Progress Towards Stabilization", International Monetary Fund, Document. Johansen, S0ren, 1991, "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models", Econometrica, 59. Perron, Phillips, 1997, "Further Evidence on Breaking Trend Functions in Macroeconomic Variables", Journal of Econometrics 80. Reinhart, Carmen, and Keneth Rogoff, 2002, "FDI to Africa: The Role of Price Stability and Currency Instability", International Monetary Fund, Mimeo.
    [Show full text]
  • OECD International Network on Financial Education
    OECD International Network on Financial Education Membership lists as at May 2020 Full members ........................................................................................................................ 1 Regular members ................................................................................................................. 3 Associate (full) member ....................................................................................................... 6 Associate (regular) members ............................................................................................... 6 Affiliate members ................................................................................................................. 6 More information about the OECD/INFE is available online at: www.oecd.org/finance/financial-education.htm │ 1 Full members Angola Capital Market Commission Armenia Office of the Financial System Mediator Central Bank Australia Australian Securities and Investments Commission Austria Central Bank of Austria (OeNB) Bangladesh Microcredit Regulatory Authority, Ministry of Finance Belgium Financial Services and Markets Authority Brazil Central Bank of Brazil Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) Brunei Darussalam Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Ministry of Finance Canada Financial Consumer Agency of Canada Chile Comisión para el Mercado Financiero China (People’s Republic of) China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission Czech Republic Ministry of Finance Estonia Ministry of Finance Finland Bank
    [Show full text]
  • Law of the National Bank of Angola
    Law No. 16/10 Dated July 15 (DR Series I. No. 132) With the Constitution of the Republic of Angola taking effect, there is an urgent need to adapt the definition of the responsibilities of the National Bank of Angola, it becoming necessary to fit the definition of the responsibilities of the National Bank of Angola in the area of participation, definition of conduct and implementation of the country's monetary and foreign exchange policy to the new Constitutional-legal framework; Under the same circumstances, there is also the need to clarify the operational autonomy of the National Bank of Angola in order to better ensure the preservation of the national currency and ensure price stability and the national financial system; Thus, By mandate of the people, under the combined provisions of subparagraph b) of Article 161 and of paragraph 1 of Article 166, both from the Constitution of the Republic of Angola, the National Assembly approve the following: LAW OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF ANGOLA Chapter I Nature, Headquarters and purposes Article 1 (Nature) The National Bank of Angola is a legal entity of public law, endowed with administrative, financial and personal autonomy. Article 2 (Headquarters) 1 The National Bank of Angola has its headquarters in Luanda, and may have branches in other parts of the country, as well as any form of representation abroad. Article 3 (Main assignment and other functions) 1. As the central and issuing bank, the National Bank of Angola, ensures the preservation of the value of the national currency and participates in the definition of the monetary, financial and foreign exchange policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Banking in the Portuguese Colonial Empire (1864-1975)
    Série Documentos de Trabalho Working Papers Series Banking in the Portuguese Colonial Empire (1864-1975) Ana Bela Nunes Carlos Bastien Nuno Valério Rita Martins de Sousa Sandra Domingos Costa DT/WP nº 41 ISSN 2183-1785 Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão Universidade de Lisboa Documento de Trabalho/ Working Paper nº 41 BANKING IN THE PORTUGUESE COLONIAL EMPIRE (1864-1975) Ana Bela Nunes Carlos Bastien Nuno Valério Rita Martins de Sousa Sandra Domingos Costa GHES Gabinete de História Económica e Social Lisboa 2010 GHES - Série Documentos de Trabalho Publicação do GHES - Gabinete de História Económica e Social R. Miguel Lupi, nº 20 1249-078 Lisboa - Portugal Telf. 213925974 Fax. 213925940 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper provides a general view of the evolution of banking in the Portuguese Colonial Empire between the founding of the first Portuguese colonial bank in 1864 and the independence of most Portuguese colonies in 1975. The text summarizes the legal background, presents the banks existing during that period, examines their businesses and discusses their contribution to the economic evolution of the territories under consideration. As the paper’s main conclusions, it may be said that: (i) Portuguese colonial banking followed the continental model of government initiative and tight control, not the British model of private initiative without much government control; (ii) the development of Portuguese colonial banking was always mainly a matter of profiting from the opportunities afforded by economic evolution rather than a matter of autonomously fostering the economic development of the territories. Key words: Clonial banks JEL classification : N23, N25, N27 2 Plan 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Markets in Angola : Country Private Sector Diagnostic
    CREATING MARKETS IN ANGOLA MARKETS IN CREATING COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC SECTOR PRIVATE COUNTRY COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC CREATING MARKETS IN ANGOLA Opportunities for Development Through the Private Sector COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC CREATING MARKETS IN ANGOLA Opportunities for Development Through the Private Sector About IFC IFC—a sister organization of the World Bank and member of the World Bank Group—is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. We work with more than 2,000 businesses worldwide, using our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in the toughest areas of the world. In fiscal year 2018, we delivered more than $23 billion in long-term financing for developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. For more information, visit www.ifc.org © International Finance Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 www.ifc.org The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The findings, interpretations, views, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Finance Corporation or of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) or the governments they represent.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Accounts Guide Last Updated – January 2018
    Classification of Accounts Guide Last updated – January 2018 Contents Part I: General introduction Part II: Residence Part III: Sector categories Part IV.1 – IV.2: Industrial classification Part IV.3: Relationship between sector and industrial classifications Part V.1: Sector components (ESA 10) and sub components Part V.2: List of countries 1 Part I Classification of Accounts Guide – General Introduction I.1 Foreword This guide is intended for all institutions completing a range of Bank of England statistical returns. It describes the two most important systems of classification used in compiling economic and financial statistics in the United Kingdom – the economic sector classification, and the industrial classification. This guide is intended to serve both as an introduction for newcomers and as a source of reference. The nomenclature in the sector classification is in line with international standards – in particular, the European System of National and Regional Accounts (abbreviated to ‘ESA10’). In addition, the analysis of industrial activity is in line with the 2007 standard industrial classification of economic activities (SIC) introduced by the Office for National Statistics. Those without knowledge of accounts classification are recommended to refer to the ‘Guide to Classification’ (Part I Section 3) which takes the reader through the main questions to be answered to help classify accounts correctly. The system of classification used in this guide is solely for statistical purposes. Parts II to IV of the guide describe the main aspects of the classification system in more detail, including lists of examples of institutions, or a web link reference, for many categories. I.2 An introduction to the classification of accounts Sector and industrial classification To understand the underlying behaviour which is reflected in movements in economic and financial statistics, it is necessary to group those entities engaged in financial transactions into broad sectors with similar characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Banco Nacional De Angola
    1 Banco Nacional de Angola Banco Nacional de Angola Avenida 4 de Fevereiro, 151 CP nº 1243 Luanda, República de Angola Fax: + 244 222 390579 Tel: + 244 222 339934/336664 1. History After Angola gained independence in 1975, the banking sector was nationalised and two major Angolan banks, namely Banco de Angola and Banco Commercial de Angola, changed their names to Banco Nacional de Angola (BNA) and Banco Popular de Angola (BPA) respectively. The BNA, according to the Organic Law 69/76, inherited the responsibilities of a central bank, bank of issue and commercial bank, as well as of being the only legal holder of foreign currency and responsible for all foreign transactions. In 1988, the government introduced a programme to transform the socialist centralised economy into a market-oriented economy. These changes also required the transformation of the banking sector, including the restriction of the BNA's role to being solely responsible for monetary policy and acting as issuing bank, banker of the Government and reserve bank. This was achieved by promulgating the new Organic Law 4/91, of 20 April, which transformed the BNA into a central bank. The opening of the economy for a liberal system of market, had induced to the necessity of deep alterations in the functional philosophy of the BNA, on the other hand, and of the economic Management of the country, on the other hand, from there elapsing, a redefinition of the functional and executive attributions of the BNA while Central banking, Bank of issue and exchange authority of the country. In the scope of the reorganization of the banking system, the approval in July of 1997, for the Parliament Assembly of the new Organic Law of the National bank of Angola, - Law n° 6/97, of 11 of July, and the exchange Law - Law n° 5/97, of 11 of July, had allowed that some embarrassments of legal origin were exceeded, being the BNA as Central banking, competed of bigger responsibility and autonomy stops with bigger property leading and executing the monetary and exchange politics in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Arms Brokering in Southern Africa Selected Case Studies Edited by Nelson Alusala and Mothepa Shadung
    About this monograph ISS Pretoria Illicit arms brokering continues to be a challenge to many Block C, Brooklyn Court 361 Veale Street governments in the world, and more so in African countries, Arms brokering in New Muckleneuk where armed conflicts continue to threaten peace and Pretoria, South Africa security. This monograph presents an assessment of selected Tel: +27 12 346 9500 Southern Africa Southern African countries with regard to arms brokering, and Fax: +27 12 460 0998 Selected case studies concludes that the practice of illicit arms brokering presents in Southern Arms brokering Africa: selected case studies ISS Addis Ababa both legal and operational hurdles. This points to a need for 5th Floor, Get House Building countries to coordinate efforts through the implementation of Africa Avenue various arms control instruments. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: +251 11 515 6320 Fax: +251 11 515 6449 About the ISS ISS Dakar The Institute for Security Studies partners to build 4th Floor, Immeuble Atryum knowledge and skills that secure Africa’s future. It provides Route de Ouakam policy advice, practical training, technical assistance and Dakar, Senegal independent research. Tel: +221 33 860 3304/42 Fax: +221 33 860 3343 ISS Nairobi Acknowledgements Braeside Gardens This monograph was made possible with funding provided by off Muthangari Road the government of Norway. The ISS is also grateful for support Lavington, Nairobi, Kenya from the other members of the ISS Partnership Forum: the Cell: +254 72 860 7642 Hanns Seidel Foundation and the governments of Australia, Cell: +254 73 565 0300 Canada, Denmark, Finland, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden and the USA.
    [Show full text]