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CENSUS OF Administrative POPULATION Report 2020 www.singstat.gov.sg Census of Population 2020 : Administrative Report ISBN 978-981-18-1383-2 © Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade & Industry, Republic of Singapore Reproducing or quoting any part of this publication is permitted, provided this publication is accredited as the source. Please refer to the Statistics Singapore Website Terms of Use (http://www.singstat.gov.sg/terms-of-use) for more details on the conditions of use of this publication PREFACE The Census of Population 2020 was the sixth census carried out in Singapore since Independence and the fifteenth in the series of census taking from 1871. The census is the most comprehensive source of information on population and households and provides benchmark data for demographic and social statistics. Similar to Census 2000 and 2010, Census 2020 adopted a register-based approach with a large-scale sample survey. Basic population count and characteristics were compiled from administrative records. More detailed information on language, economic characteristics, transport, religion, difficulty in performing basic activities as well as housing and household characteristics were obtained from a sample enumeration of about 150,000 households. For Census 2020, a tri-modal data collection strategy comprising Internet enumeration, Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and face-to-face interviews using mobile devices was adopted to facilitate data collection for the households in the census sample. Leveraging technological advances, machine learning was also applied to improve the data processing processes. This Administrative Report provides a comprehensive documentation of the Census of Population 2020 planning and operations. It outlines the major milestones including preparations for the sample enumeration, implementation of the IT application system as well as documenting the collection, processing, dissemination, administrative activities and resources utilised to conduct Census 2020. In addition, adjustments made to adapt to the new operating environment for the Census operations in view of the COVID-19 situation were also discussed. I would like to thank all who have, in one way or another, contributed to the success of Census 2020, which was conducted under challenging conditions with the evolving COVID-19 situation in 2020. My deep appreciation is extended to all participating households who had given their full support and cooperation to the Census. The contributions of government ministries and statutory boards, which provided pertinent information for Census 2020, are also gratefully acknowledged. Wong Wee Kim Chief Statistician Singapore June 2021 i Our Vision National Statistical Service of Quality, Integrity and Expertise Our Mission We deliver Insightful Statistics and Trusted Statistical Services that Empower Decision Making Our Guiding Principles Professionalism We adhere to professional ethics and develop statistical competency & Expertise to produce quality statistics that comply with international concepts and best practices. Relevance We produce statistics that users need and trust. & Reliability Accessibility We facilitate ease of access to our statistics through user -friendly platforms. Confidentiality We protect the confidentiality of individual information collected by us. Timeliness We disseminate statistics at the earliest possible date while maintaining data quality. Innovation We constantly seek ways to improve our processes, leveraging on new technology , to deliver better products and services to users. Collaboration We engage users on data needs, data providers and respondents on supply of data, and undertake the role of national statistical coordination. Effectiveness We optimise resource utilisation, leveraging on administrative and alternative data sources to ease respondent burden. ii CONTENTS Page Preface i Chapter 1 Introduction to Population Census 2020 1.1 What is a Census? 3 1.2 Significance and Objectives of the Census 3 1.3 History of Census – How Singapore’s Censuses Evolved 3 1.4 Register-Based Census 4 1.5 Concept and Coverage 4 1.6 Tri-Modal Data Collection Strategy 4 1.7 Legal Authority 6 1.8 Census Planning and Broad Schedule of Census Activities 6 Chapter 2 Planning and Preparation for Sample Enumeration 2.1 Sample Design and Selection 10 2.2 Conduct of the Labour Force Survey as a Sub-Sample of 10 Census 2020 2.3 Data Items Collected in the Census 2020 11 2.4 Updates to Singapore Standard Statistical Classifications 15 2.5 Pilot Survey 18 2.6 Survey of Large Households (SLHH) 19 Chapter 3 Data Collection 3.1 Overview 22 3.2 Workflow of Census Batches 23 3.3 Infrastructure Set-Up for Data Collection 24 3.4 Easing Respondents’ Burden 25 3.5 Internet Submission 26 3.6 Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) 30 3.7 Face-to-Face Interviews / Fieldwork Operations 38 3.8 Non-Response Follow-Up 40 iii CONTENTS (Cont’d) Page Chapter 4 Data Processing and Dissemination 4.1 Data Processing 44 4.2 Quality Assurance 47 4.3 Response Rate and Mode of Response 47 4.4 Data Dissemination 48 4.5 Confidentiality, Privacy and Security 49 Chapter 5 Organisation and Administration 5.1 Office Set-Up and Selection of Field Regional Offices 52 5.2 Census Budget 54 5.3 IT Procurement and Management of Census IT System 54 5.4 Census Staff 55 5.5 Training 57 5.6 Publicity and Respondent Relations Management 60 Appendices A Census 2020 List of Census Officers 71 B IT Services and Support 75 C Extracts from the Statistics Act (Chapter 317) 77 D Census 2020 Fieldwork Regions 80 E Publicity Posters and Materials 81 F Census 2020 Information Pamphlet 88 G Census 2020 Internet User Guide 93 H Census 2020 Notification and Reminder Letters 99 I Census 2020 Survey Forms 107 J Census 2020 – Other Census Materials (incl. Identification 124 Badge, Letter of Authorisation, Visitation Card, Certificate of Service, etc) K Acronyms Used in Census 2020 Releases 129 L Census 2020 Press Release 131 iv CONTENTS (Cont’d) Appendices M Article on “Head Count: The History of Census-Taking in 134 Singapore in National Library Board’s BiblioAsia Publication (Jan – Mar 2020 Issue) N Article on Census of Population 2020 (Statistics Singapore Newsletter (SSN) Issue 2 2019) 141 O Article on Conducting Census of Population in Singapore Amidst COVID-19 (SSN Issue 2 2020) 142 P Article on Census of Population 2020 – Modes of Submission and Reminders Amidst COVID-19 (SSN Issue 1 2021) 145 Q Glossary of Terms and Definitions 152 R Sample Design and Sampling Variability 166 S Census 2020 Call Centre and DP Centre 173 v Introduction to Population Census 2020 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO POPULATION CENSUS 2020 1.1 WHAT IS A CENSUS? The United Nations (UN) Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses defines a population census as “the total process of planning, collecting, compiling, evaluating, disseminating and analysing demographic, economic and social data at the smallest geographic level pertaining, at a specified time, to all persons in a country or in a well-delimited part of a country.” 1 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CENSUS Singapore conducts the population census once in ten years, during years ending with “0”. This is in line with the UN’s recommendation for countries to conduct the national censuses at least once every 10 years, in or close to years ending with “0”, to allow for better international comparability of census data. The Census is the most comprehensive source of information providing a statistical profile of the population and households in Singapore. It collects information from the population and households and provides benchmark data for demographic and socio-economic statistics. The large sample size and coverage of the Census facilitate analyses on different population groups by fine disaggregation and by geographical area. Hence, the Census is considered an exercise of national importance. Data from the Census provide key information that is used to inform public policy studies, private business decision making and for research and analysis. 1.3 HISTORY OF CENSUS – HOW SINGAPORE’S CENSUSES EVOLVED The Census of Population 2020 (Census 2020) is the sixth population census carried out since Independence and the fifteenth in Singapore since census taking first began in 1871. It is also the third register-based Census conducted. The history and key developments in census taking are discussed in the Statistics Singapore Newsletter (SSN 2) Issue 2 2019 (see Appendix N). 1 United Nations Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses Revision 3 (2017), p 2. 2 For this and other acronyms of terms used in the Census, please refer to Appendix K. 3 1.4 REGISTER-BASED CENSUS The Census 2020 adopted a register-based approach with a large-scale sample survey. Unlike in a traditional Census where everyone in Singapore had to be surveyed, the register-based Census provided for a full coverage on basic items through administrative records. Basic population count and characteristics such as age, sex, ethnic group, place of birth, type of dwelling, geographical distribution and other basic demographic statistics were obtained from multiple administrative sources. The sample survey conducted during the same reference period supplemented the administrative data with detailed survey information on selected topics. In 2020, a sample enumeration of about 150,000 households was conducted to obtain additional information useful for in-depth studies but not available from administrative sources. These included marital status and fertility, education and language spoken, literacy, economic characteristics, mode of transport, religion, difficulty in performing basic activities as well as housing and household characteristics. The approach of using comprehensive up-to-date administrative databases, and the large-scale survey for the Census resulted in reduced response burden for the population and savings arising from lower manpower and resource demands. 1.5 CONCEPT AND COVERAGE Along with the register-based approach, the Census 2020 adopted the de jure concept for Singapore’s population estimates based on a person’s place of usual residence.
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