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Report on the Economic Benefits of Hydrography­ FIG REPORT FIG PUbLIcation NO 57 Report on the Economic Benefits of Hydrography FIG Commission 4 Working Group 4.4 – Capacity Building and the Economic Benefits of Hydrography INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SURVEYORS (FIG) Report on the Economic Benefits of Hydrography FIG Commission 4 Working Group 4.4 – Capacity Building and the Economic Benefits of Hydrography INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SURVEYORS (FIG) Copyright © International Federation of Surveyors, June 2011 All rights reserved International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) Kalvebod Brygge 31–33 DK-1780 Copenhagen V DENMARK Tel. + 45 38 86 10 81 Fax + 45 38 86 02 52 E-mail: [email protected] www.fig.net Published in English Copenhagen, Denmark ISBN 978-87-90907-94-5 Published by International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) Front cover: Left: Welland Canal Flight Locks, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada © St. Law- rence Seaway Authority; Middle: 1996 CHC poster © Canadian Hydrographic Confer- ence; Right: Oil Tanker M/V Tuvaq in the (Arctic) Northwest Passage © Canadian Hydro- graphic Service. Back cover: Technical Session on Capacity Building and the Economic Benefits of Hy- drography, XXIV FIG Congress, Sydney 2010. Left to right: Brian Connon USA, Gordon Johnston (United Kingdom), Olumide Omotoso (Nigeria), Joseph Kuanda (Papua New Guinea), Rod Nairn (Australia) and Michael Sutherland, Canada. © FIG. Design: International Federation of Surveyors, FIG Contents Foreword.....................................................................................................................................................4 Andrew Leyzack, Canada IntroduCtIon.............................................................................................................................................5 Gordon Johnston, United Kingdom Economic ImpaCt.of Hydrographic Surveys................................................................................ 10 Brian Douglas Connon, United States of America and Rod Nairn, Australia The Economic Benefits.of HydrograpHy.and Ocean MappIng............................................... 22 Gordon Johnston, United Kingdom The Value.of Hydrographic InFormatIon.and its.InFluenCe................................................. 27 Hugo M Gorziglia, IHO The.Cost-Benefit.of CHartIng.Cameroon Waters....................................................................... 37 Cyril Mbeau Ache, Cameroon and Victor Abbott, United Kingdom metHods.to Assess.tHe.FInancial Value.of tHe Sea ParCel.and.tHe Economic . of tHe.Coastal.and MarIne Area.wIthin.a MarIne.Cadastre.Framework......................... 49 Johanes P. Tamtomo, Indonesia assessment.and.Future ProspeCts for.HydrograpHy in Western.. and.Central Africa; MarItIme SaFety.and.Coastal GloBal Development........................ 62 Dominique Baggio, France Economic Benefits.of HydrograpHy in.tHe.CanadIan ArCtic – A Case Study................... 75 Andrew Leyzack, Canada Why.a NatIonal.Hydrographic Service?........................................................................................ 86 Prepared by Hugo Gorziglia, IHO Presented by Gordon Johnston, United Kingdom papua New GuInea.Hydrographic Service.(PNGHs).and.tHe.Future.–.. papua New GuInea.Hydrographic Service,.an.ant.wIth tHe.gIants..................................... 93 J. Kaunda, Papua New Guinea Economic Benefit.of HydrograpHy: Land ReClamatIon in.Bayelsa State.–.. A Case Study.of SaIpem.Camp.............................................................................................................. 98 Angela Kesiena Etuonovbe, Nigeria restruCturIng.of a NatIonal.Hydrographic Service.–.. CROATIAN–NORWEGIAN HYDROGRAPHIC.InFORMATION PROJeCT (CRONO HIp)......................... 108 Egil Aarstad, Norway marIne GeospatIal SoFtware: GeneratIng Economic Benefits.. From.Hydrographic Data.and.CalCulatIon.of MarItIme.BoundarIes.............................. 114 Serge Levesque and Alexis Cardenas, Canada The Economic ImpaCt.of ApproprIate EduCatIon in.HydrograpHy.................................... 123 David DODD, Canada, Gordon Johnston, United Kingdom and Andrew Hoggarth, Canada new Developments for.tHe ProFessIonal EduCatIon.. In.HydrograpHy.at.HaFenCIty UnIversIty.HamBurg.(HCu)..................................................... 130 Peter Andree, Volker Böder, Peter Bruns, Delf Egge and Harald Sternberg, Germany Foreword Hydrography involves the surveying and mapping of rivers, lakes and oceans which gives us information about what the seafloor and movement of water above that sea- floor looks like. Hydrographic information is typically published in the form of nautical charts and sailing directions both in hardcopy and digital form. These nautical publi- cations are critical for providing mariners with the information they need to navigate ships safely and efficiently. Used in conjunction with meteorological information, nau- tical publications provide a basis for decisions on where and when a ship can be taken. High resolution hydrographic information in the form of seabed imagery provides a basis for engineering decisions on matters such as where to locate a sub-sea pipeline or communications cable. Much like towns and cities which have grown because of their close proximity to rail- roads, superhighways and airports, access to navigable waters has provided the earliest cornerstone for discovery and economic development the world over. But what makes waters navigable? Fundamentally it is knowledge of water depth, hazards, tides and currents that enables navigation. Hydrographic information is of course the basis for this knowledge however it may be communicated. What makes waters navigable also makes waters safe and thus ensures the preservation of Safety Of Life at sea (SOLAS), the “sea room” to run out a storm or to find an alternate ice free course to steer are all supported by sound hydrographic information. Bringing goods to and from market by sea and access to fisheries, sources of energy and other natural resources at sea depends on sound hydrographic information. When “just-in-time” service is not so critical, the economic efficiencies and reduced carbon footprint associated with marine transportation can outweigh all other modes of trans- portation. Frontier exploration and development, harvesting and extraction, transpor- tation, national sovereignty and defence, all constructs supporting economic devel- opment are enabled by hydrographic information. Access to and an understanding of land, including submerged lands, is essential to claiming, developing and realising economic sustainability. Surveyors have always played a role in supporting land tenure and development and thus provide an essential connection between surveys, map- ping (charting) and the economy. The International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), through the efforts of the Commis- sion 4 workgroup 4.4 on Capacity Building and the Economic Benefits of Hydrography, has sought to bring awareness and promote the role of hydrography as an essential investment in economic development. This publication provides a snapshot of the workgroup’s efforts from various conferences and symposia to stimulate thought and exchange ideas in this regard. I would like to thank our working group chair, Mr. Gordon Johnston, the authors who have contributed to this working group through various FIG Working Weeks and Re- gional Meetings and those authors whose work has been selected for this publication. andrew.leyzack,.C.l.s.. Chair.of.FIg.Commission.4,.2007–2010 4 IntroduCtIon This publication aims to fulfil the objective of FIG Commission 4’s Working Group 4.4, to develop an awareness of hydrographic surveying and raise its profile in terms of how it can benefit society, cultures and developing states. In the process of developing the project, the Work Group identified a general lack of information and research to support the case for Hydrography across different uses, businesses and interests. Ad- ditionally, the FIG Costa Rica Declaration on Pro-Poor Coastal Zone Management (FIG Publication no. 43, 2008) has developed the interest and the importance of the coastal zone and its associated marine areas. Consequently Work Group 4.4 has developed this document as a compilation of pa- pers, case studies and supporting articles to illustrate the tangible benefits of hydrog- raphy and the potential economic benefits that may be derived from developing and maintaining an appropriate hydrographic capacity. This publication covers three different areas concerning the provision of Hydrographic survey capability. The first 3 papers relate to institutional and national Hydrographic services and how these can generate a basis for developing and generating good economic conditions. The papers outline the inherent value of Hydrographic surveys and illustrate the con- text of Hydrography in terms of potential stakeholder benefits and how Hydrographic information can have a positive influence. The second series of articles provides a number of case studies from around the globe that serve to illustrate how Hydrography has been able to provide a basis for generat- ing economic growth and benefits. The final section of three papers concentrates on the development of the personnel to establish a sustainable Hydrographic capacity. The papers provide example experi- ences of achieving recognition at the International Standard level and combining with industry to create cost efficient and effective training solutions in the work place. Background to the Working Group As part of its 2007–2010 workplan, Commission
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