Swift's Tale of a Tub and the Mock Book Than Has Previously Been Apparent

Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions

The Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If electronic transmission of reserve material is used for purposes in excess of what constitutes "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement.

....

JONATHAN SWIFT AND THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BOOK

EDITED BY PADDY BULLARD and JAMES McLAVERTY

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS IOO Pat Rogers

3 http://digitalmiscellaniesindex.org/ (accessed 25 July 2012). The editors of the Index kindly allowed the data in this chapter to be checked against a CHAPTER FIVE pre-publication version of their database. It is already clear that the Digital Miscellanies Index will show that Swift's poems were more widely reprinted Swift's Tale of a Tub and the mock book than has previously been apparent. 4 Johns, Piracy, pp. 42-4, III. Marcus Walsh 5 Cyprian Blagden, 1he Stationers' Company: A History I40J-I959 (London: Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1960), pp. 153-77. 6 Johns, Piracy, p. 111. 7 See Baines and Rogers, Curll, pp. 7, 140, 289-90. 8 Swift to Tooke, 29 June 1710, and Tooke to Swift, 10 July 1710, Woolley, Corr., vol. I, pp. 282-4. Jonathan Swift had no general objection to books and texts. He believed in, 9 Falconer Madan and W. A. Speck, A Critical Bibliography of Dr. Henry and wrote that he believed in, the possibility of plain meanings, embody Sacheverell (Lawrence, KA: University of Kansas Libraries, 1978), item 992 ing 'the Author's Intentions', and worthy of 'candid Interpretation'. He (but see ESTCT50892). Some ofMorphew's publications on the Sacheverell affair were actually really Curll's handiwork, and at least three were written approved of texts that, like the Father's Will that is the New Testament, by him; see ibid. items 107, 319-25, 339, 341-6, 350, 408-9, 606, 627, 645-6. consisted of 'certain plain, easy Directions'. His sermons in particular fu Marcus Walsh notes, by the date of the Apology to A Taleof a Tub, 'King's exemplify the dear text, embodying and communicating a plain mean pro-Sacheverell, anti-Marlborough, high-Church Tory writings had made ing. He did not, however, value endless controversions of dangerous mat Swift think more favourably of him' (CW]S, vol. I, p. 323). ters, and deeply resented a merely commercial proliferation of writing, 10 Karian, Print and Manuscript, pp. 65-6. agreeing with the humanist King of Brobdingnag, as Paddy Bullard has II See Baines and Rogers, Curll, pp. 60-8. suggested in his chapter, that a library of a thousand volumes was suffi 12 Baines and Rogers, Curll pp. 132-8. cient to represent the curriculum of worthwhile knowledge. Swift abomi 13 See Pope's note to Dunciad, book II, line 66 (TE, vol. V, p. 106); Henry Cromwell to Pope, 6 July 1727, Pope, Correspondence,vol. II, pp. 439-40; nated obscure writings, including allegories and hermetica, all texts so Baines and Rogers, Curll, pp. 171-3. dark as to require and invite commentary, the impedimenta literarum of 14 See Stephen Karian, 'Edmund Curll and the Circulation of Swift's Writings', commentary itself, and the jargons of pedantry, law and scholasticism. in Munster (2008), pp. 99-129. This is the most thorough investigation of the He objected fiercely to the deliberate wresting of the words of Holy topic to date. Scripture, and indeed to the forcing of any texts to 'Interpretations which 15 See Pat Rogers, 'The Case of Pope v. Curll', 1he Library, 5th ser., 27 (1972), never once entered into the Writer's Head'. These positions and values 326-31. were wholly natural to an English or an Irish churchman and man of let ters in the opening decades of the eighteenth century. They are positions and values shared too with many a literary humanist before Swift, before the new professionalizing philological humanism that he so abhorred was ushered in by Richard Bentley, and Bentley's continental forebears and contemporaries. 1 Swift's Tale of a Tub, however, like so many of his published writings, is by no means a plain and straightforward text. If it presents, as Swift asserted in his Apology, 'the Author's Intentions', it does so in indirect and ironic ways. It is a commented text, and explicitly and repeatedly invites and requires commentary. It is full of dark matter. To many con temporaries of Swift, and to many modern critics, it has seemed a danger ously unstable, wrestable text. Swift desiderated in his Apology, however,

IOI

a a

the the

103 103

and and

texts texts

As As

cata

foot

some some

them them

Mary Mary

trans

in in

forms forms

eight

of of

whole whole in in

of of

codex. codex.

motto, motto,

profes

among among

for for

Nation Nation

critique critique

beyond beyond

passage passage

printed printed

learned learned

and and

'Annual 'Annual

a a

moment moment

pedantic pedantic

of of

by by

a a

scholarly scholarly

the the

texts, texts,

discursive discursive

lists, lists,

and and

with with

print. print.

once once

the the

long long

learned learned

the the

of of

in in

all all

the the

in in

into into

'Battel 'Battel

at at

Polite Polite

in in

reliability reliability

priest priest

spread spread

passages passages

moment moment

bibliographical bibliographical

English English

the the

elements elements

Histoire Histoire

significant significant

scholarship scholarship

before before

with with

elements elements

printed printed ironizing ironizing

the the

Pausanias Pausanias

learned learned

suggestive suggestive

historical historical

Here Here

of of

manuscript manuscript

very very

both both

contents contents

methods methods

consult consult

Simon's Simon's

a a

and and

of of

home, home,

'a 'a

only only

long long

indexes, indexes,

the the

part part

nature, nature,

These These

to to

book book

a a

footnotes footnotes

then then

footnotes footnotes

striking striking

the the

literary literary

4 4

dubious dubious

method. method.

footnote footnote

became became

for for

new new

were were

Edit.' Edit.'

a a

by by

to to

Oratorian Oratorian

time. time.

commentators commentators

development development

to to

just just

the the

of of

(1682) (1682)

refunctionings refunctionings

sententious sententious

important important

improbable improbable

marginalium marginalium

most most

less less

mock mock

by by

the the

of of

discursive discursive

and and

his his

Photium'), Photium'),

found found

mark.

beginning beginning

opt. opt.

the the

invited invited

1689) 1689)

or or

beginning beginning

6 6

source source

the the

of of

the the

In In

is is

and and

apparatuses: apparatuses:

Muses Muses

consistent consistent

were were

about about

French French

glossaries, glossaries,

5 5

the the

criticism, criticism,

appearance appearance

Almanack, Almanack,

read, read,

with with

the the

a a

century: century:

apud apud

for for

Tub. Tub.

parodic parodic

and and

satiric satiric

at at

the the

more more

marginalia marginalia

tradition tradition

testament testament

number number

critic critic

Clarke-, Clarke-,

and and

already already

a a

marginalia marginalia

At At

reader reader

appearance appearance

eo eo

a a

confirmed confirmed

its its

Almanack's Almanack's

to to

but but

of of

the the

Tub Tub

debate debate

Ramist.

and and

Wing's Wing's

biblical biblical

scholarly scholarly modern

ex ex

by by

in in

widely widely

had had

a a

from from

the the

is is

2'). 2').

development, development,

vieux vieux

footnotes footnotes

the the

and and

Simon, Simon,

(Rotterdam, (Rotterdam,

Mary Mary

authorizing authorizing

from from

historical historical

Tale Tale

it it

textual textual

to to

of of

functionally, functionally,

1. 1.

of of

ancient ancient

less less

associated associated

notes, notes,

du du

as as

de de

inappropriate inappropriate

and and

A A

philology philology

this this

careful careful

and and

its its

were were

Sleep Sleep

dated dated

or or

and and

an an

practicable practicable

and and

shift shift

English English

bibliographies, bibliographies,

Tale Tale

the the

of of

eighteenth eighteenth the

quotes quotes

to to

old old

the the

Bentley Bentley

excerpta excerpta

circumspect circumspect

less less

where where

and and

including including

cited cited

Richard Richard

transition transition

of of

Pausan. Pausan.

of of

significant significant

testament testament

They They

closely closely

scholarly scholarly prominent

been been

The The

critique critique

or or

reference reference

writing writing

especially especially

truly truly

is is

more more

from from

Ephem. Ephem.

of of

note note

exemplified exemplified

and and

1680s 1680s

Swift's Swift's

a a

Latin Latin

are are

is is

turn turn

has has

spatially spatially

historian historian

('Vide ('Vide

had had made

Marginalia Marginalia

was was

were were

Some Some

temples temples

Richard Richard

outcome outcome

in in

genres, genres,

edition, edition,

abrupt abrupt

newly newly

more more

'Vid. 'Vid.

the the

nouveau nouveau

career career

of of

grown grown

Ctesias Ctesias

Histoire Histoire

of of

careful careful

became became

of of

English/ English/

Time', Time',

('Trezenii ('Trezenii

note note

to to

books books

Swift Swift

and and

divisible, divisible,

marginal marginal

du du

commentaries, commentaries,

energetic energetic

writing writing

biblical biblical

of of

set set

rather rather

the the

development development

a a

formal formal

historiography historiography

pigmies pigmies

had had

century. century.

apparatus apparatus

Formally, Formally,

allegory. allegory.

into into

provide provide

range range

provides provides

encyclopaedia. encyclopaedia.

scholarly scholarly

the the

texte texte

Greece' Greece'

referencing referencing

The The

large large

Tak's Tak's

Tale, Tale,

Tak's Tak's

for for

publishing publishing

major major

leading leading

scholarly scholarly

the the which which at

du du lated lated

book book

innovative innovative

Footnotes Footnotes

precision precision note. note.

marginal marginal

new new

list-like, list-like,

learned learned

the the

a a

method, method,

of of

carefulness carefulness

information information

logues, logues,

Clark; Clark;

eenth eenth

references: references:

in in

sional sional dedication dedication

about about

and and

Books' Books'

Records Records

of of

as as

the the

on on

his his

evi

two two

and and

new new

true true

1705 1705

text. text.

with with

from from

have have

prof

speak speak

book, book,

in in

of of

them

rather rather

biblio

of of

Tale Tale

in in

parodic parodic

referen

himself, himself,

applica

expose'; expose';

the the

parodies parodies

'modern 'modern

and and

prefaces, prefaces,

or or

satire satire

hermetic hermetic

unneces

Learning. Learning.

claims claims

clarifying clarifying

a a

references references

may may

the the

personates personates

a a

among among

to to

while while

in in

particularly particularly

present present

his his

Books' Books'

of of

as as

Stupid, Stupid,

as as

old old

books books

'full 'full

as as

2 2

Swift Swift

to to

those those

be be

verbatim verbatim

who who

pages, pages,

of of

learned learned

which which

the the

7).

marginalia, marginalia,

crimes, crimes,

footnotes, footnotes,

by by

of of

mind mind

with with

exploiting exploiting

Learning', Learning',

contain contain

ways ways

correcting correcting

regard regard

published published

Modern Modern

both both

philological philological

books books

Author Author

of of

6, 6,

in in

a a

of of

explanations explanations

recipes recipes

shall shall

providing providing

lists lists

title title

of of

Apology, Apology,

his his

the the

5, 5,

I I

quotations, quotations,

and and

those those

alluded alluded

and and

the the

lurid lurid

and and

Tub, Tub,

some some

intended intended

has has

in in

the the

doubt doubt

of of

repudiated repudiated

would would

the the

a a

existing existing

pp. pp.

and and

merely merely

Envious, Envious,

commentator, commentator,

blank, blank,

with with

transcribed transcribed

he he

experiments, experiments,

different different

I, I,

'Battel 'Battel

modern modern

and and

no no

of of

was was

in in

take take

phrases phrases

the the

direct direct

references, references,

and and

where where

the the

who who

the the

not not

are are

burlesques burlesques

Ancient Ancient

discuss discuss

Many Many

passages passages

language language

the the

vol. vol.

report, report,

Religion Religion

to to

marginalia, marginalia,

Tale Tale

scientific scientific

'to 'to

of of

leaden leaden

many many

and and

dear dear

knowledge. knowledge.

whom whom

which which

evaporates; evaporates;

Society Society did did

events events

in in

a a

and and

Tak, Tak,

upon upon

shall shall

Sour, Sour,

has has

in in

written, written,

to to The The

the the

catalogues catalogues

Walsh Walsh

straightforward) straightforward)

new new

in in

footnotes; footnotes;

with with

I I

readers readers

from, from,

in in

tags tags

parodies parodies

foreign foreign

the the

(CWJS, (CWJS,

'Parodies, 'Parodies,

into into

learned learned

the the

make make

are are

Tub Tub

context. context.

the the

Royal Royal

addition addition

identifying identifying

itself itself

and and

themselves, themselves,

a a

upon upon

of of

Spirit', Spirit',

as as

ways ways

of of

Writers, Writers,

essay essay

to to

sufficient sufficient

are are

claims claims

of of

evidence evidence

in in

of of

insisted insisted

historical historical

Marcus Marcus

generic generic

the the

Reflections Reflections

the the

this this

Tak Tak

of of

was was

voice, voice,

published published

Corruptions Corruptions

Wotton Wotton

evidential evidential

Tale Tale

letter letter

and and

other other

representations representations

pains pains

as as

quotations quotations

make make

of of

In In

the the

'Cavils 'Cavils

footnotes footnotes

historical historical

sensible sensible

Intention' Intention'

translating translating

Swift Swift

experiments experiments

religion religion

sections sections

as as

list, list, especially

of of

the the

presented presented

at at

of of

the the

accounts accounts marginalia marginalia

resources resources

turn turn

and and

well well

the the

met, met,

is is

gross gross

in in

endowed, endowed,

brief brief

well-intentioned well-intentioned

of of

the the

else.J else.J

Observations Observations

of of

and and

but but

Tub, Tub,

number number

is is

as as

of of

editorial editorial

claimed, claimed,

he he

Swift's Swift's

uses uses

not not

(mostly (mostly

interrogates interrogates

a a

and and

Authors Authors

and and

Manner Manner

Defense Defense

providing providing

As As

Operation Operation

any any

much much

allegorical allegorical

of of

his his

conventional conventional

forms forms

devices devices

are are

favourite favourite

his his

the the

organize organize

edition edition

with with

Some Some

polysemous. polysemous.

Swift Swift

his his

information, information,

of of

formal formal

edition edition

or or

Swift Swift

and and

digressions, digressions,

learning learning

Wotton's Wotton's

'ill-placed' 'ill-placed'

dedications, dedications,

occasional occasional

parodies, parodies,

the the

and and

Tale Tale

of of

and and

first first

with with

transcriptions transcriptions

Its Its

less less

from from

of of

in in

satiric satiric

on on

personated personated

fifth fifth

hint, hint,

and and

numerous numerous

allegory, allegory,

and and

catalogue catalogue

Tastless'. Tastless'.

Style Style

a a

part part

which which

The The

iting iting

as as

the the

graphical graphical

in in

narrative narrative

These These

footnotes. footnotes.

William William

tions tions

for, for,

knowledge knowledge

related related

the the

scholasticism. scholasticism.

selves; selves;

The The

cing, cing,

concerned concerned

dence, dence,

in in

book. book.

excuses' excuses'

accounts' accounts'

through through

authors' authors'

'Mechanical 'Mechanical

writings, writings,

this this

the the

main main over-look'd over-look'd

the the

than than

rather rather

sary sary

'the 'the

knowledgeable knowledgeable 102 102

of of

to to

105 105

the the

not not

this this

dis

had had

that that

par

that that

con

cites cites

gen

who who

228). 228).

Each Each

inter

much much

There There

which which

pursue pursue

in in

Epistles Epistles

a a

directly directly

Phalaris Phalaris

He He

metrics, metrics,

distance distance

The The

context

squeam

(p. (p.

does does

one one

language language

that that

to to

neither neither

such such

substanti

responded responded

of of

in in

unfamiliar unfamiliar

themselves themselves

the the

in in

work. work. long

within within

1698), 1698),

as as

pronounces pronounces

examples examples

validate validate

......

a a

as as

validation validation

most most

history. history.

during during

who who

adequately adequately

some some

the the

extended extended

kind. kind.

more more

detailed detailed

little' little'

as as

in in

quotations, quotations,

upon upon

is is

at at

footnotes. footnotes.

and and

of of

matter matter

all all

apposite apposite

was was

Epistles Epistles

original original

replied replied

for for

scholar scholar

present present

a a

produc'd'. produc'd'.

of of

Church Church

man man

and and

'Boyle' 'Boyle'

of of

apparatuses, apparatuses,

satire, satire,

quotation quotation

of of

a a

is is

explicit explicit

provided provided

the the

quote quote

here here

(London, (London,

first-hand, first-hand,

particular particular

failures failures

than than

book book

Assistant Assistant

series series

footnotes footnotes

as as

Swift Swift

have have

literature, literature,

both both

certify certify

passages passages

on on

in in

a a

brief brief

are are

texts texts

the the

I I

their their

his his

however, however,

to to and and

and and

Christ Christ

Bentley Bentley

Oxford Oxford

Esq. Esq.

'his 'his

concern concern

as as

parallels, parallels,

mock mock

instruction, instruction,

rather rather

Dissertation Dissertation

analysis analysis

him him

We We

for for

an an

multitude multitude

few few

scholarly scholarly and and

and and

on on

Oxon', Oxon', whom whom

both both

and and

the the

a a

quotation. quotation.

edited edited

as as

specific specific

of of

the the

Boyle, Boyle,

to to

Justly, Justly,

at at

thesis thesis

'Boyle', 'Boyle',

translations translations

anti-pedantic anti-pedantic

familiar familiar

in in

notes notes

biography, biography,

those those

and and

marginalia, marginalia,

by by

Dissertation Dissertation

documentation documentation

of of

(1699). (1699).

'Boyle' 'Boyle'

joshing joshing

upon upon

local local

Examination Examination

Bentley's Bentley's

title, title,

for for

scholarship scholarship

hand, hand,

of of

production. production.

highly highly

for for

speak speak

both both

apparatus. apparatus.

evidence, evidence,

Tub Tub

'pedantry' 'pedantry'

Charles Charles

works. works.

its its

of of

Library Library

self self

for for

a a

dependent dependent

Wotton, Wotton,

drudgery drudgery

Enlightenment Enlightenment

of of

and and

later later

marginal marginal

of of

form form

Bentley's Bentley's

Boyle's Boyle's

demonstrations, demonstrations,

my my

Commentary Commentary

continuous continuous

sources, sources,

marginalia marginalia

second second

'Examination'; 'Examination';

Greek) Greek) scholarly scholarly

the the

and and

discourse discourse

a a

supported supported

excoriates excoriates

learned learned

Dr Dr

works works

occasion occasion

at at

the the

early early

primary primary

his his

learning, learning,

of of

Dissertation Dissertation

and and

Tale Tale

numismatics, numismatics,

publick publick

used used Despite Despite

well, well,

is is

addressing addressing

scholarly scholarly

untranslated untranslated

much much

in in

and and

for for

in in

evidence. evidence.

no no

Swift. Swift.

5 5

a a

catalogue, catalogue,

the the

valuing valuing

out out

Honourable Honourable

the the

Boyle's Boyle's

Evremond, Evremond,

only only

much much

printed printed

with with

Bentley Bentley

Tale, Tale,

a a

the the

contrast, contrast,

of of

and and

Swift's Swift's

think think

as as

for for

so so

elaborate elaborate

in in

St St references, references,

'in 'in

been been

the the

identify identify

move move

of of

Latin Latin

of of

him'. him'.

were were

by by

distaste. distaste.

Notes, Notes,

frequently frequently

from from

use use

to to

the the

methodologies methodologies

by by

breaks breaks

argument argument

not not

occasion occasion

from from made

13 13

and and

geography, geography,

had had

who who

of of

and and

Dissertation Dissertation

the the

(in (in

and and

in in

for for

even even

to to

far far

with with

is is

materials materials

the the

version version

documented documented

strengthening strengthening

are are

the the

interventions, interventions,

......

argument argument

'so 'so

nor nor

little little

extensive extensive

appeared appeared not not

writings writings

epistles epistles

his his

there there

Bentley, Bentley,

multiply-authored multiply-authored

Bentley Bentley

how how

in in referred referred

Books Books

the the

of of

is is

books books

is is

4 4

cases cases

regularly regularly

provenance provenance

about about

evidence.

Examin'd Examin'd

Bruyere Bruyere

extended extended

the the

Bentley's Bentley's

For For

heavily heavily

consequential consequential

It It

Phalaris Phalaris

wish wish

......

himself himself I I

extant extant

ticular ticular

He He

expanded expanded

erally erally

ish ish

routine routine

La La

there there 'Writers 'Writers

in in

as as from from

the the

an an

ation ation understand understand

of of

text.'

pretative pretative

chronology, chronology,

His His

ual ual

point point

responding responding

quotations quotations

knows knows

apparatus, apparatus, is is

know know

with with

cursive cursive

already already sulted sulted

in in

of of

as as

in in

of of

Dr Dr

the the

his his

the the

fre

The The

cita

phil

page page

pub

mar

from from

argu

some some

tyrant tyrant

In In

as as

in in

or, or,

but but

and and

second second

quota gentle

signifi

provide provide

classical classical

cultural cultural

that that

Bentley, Bentley,

Modern Modern

form form

.9 .9

Learning Learning

with with

the the

are are

scholarly scholarly

aristocrat aristocrat

policy policy

new new

and and

quoted quoted

the the

model model

identifying identifying

well well

in in

the the

scholarship. scholarship.

between between

the the

older older

Abridgment Abridgment

and and

a a

those those

number. number.

from from

his his

Simon's Simon's

to to

the the

as as

Sicilian Sicilian

suggestions suggestions

highly highly

Book' Book'

there there

Lector).n Lector).n

in in

repeated repeated an an

'in 'in

claimed, claimed,

young young significant significant

Swift, Swift,

words words

Modern Modern

own own

keeping keeping of of

BC BC

ancients. ancients.

quotation, quotation,

now now

Quotations' Quotations'

Swift, Swift,

footnotes footnotes

the the page page

Ad Ad

place place

precise, precise,

discursive discursive

among among

to to

brief brief

in in

the the

philosophy, philosophy,

Ecclesiasticae: Ecclesiasticae:

of of

Bibliographical Bibliographical

his his

to to

with with

key key

and and

of of

the the

Ancient Ancient

before before

given given

in in

evidence evidence more more

provided provided

however, however,

text, text,

of of

described described

of of

passages, passages,

appended appended

and and

of of

1708) 1708)

took took

Church Church

Praef Praef

the the

and and

more more

large large

As As

the the

provided provided

end end

are are

account account

represented represented

the the

(normally (normally

much much

point point

10 10

concern concern

known known

is is

of of

sources. sources. an an

Ancient Ancient

Origines Origines

and and

are are

'numerous 'numerous sometimes sometimes

the the

France, France,

the the

detailed detailed

Simon Simon

affiliation affiliation

sixth-century sixth-century

!gnat. !gnat.

Simon's Simon's

upon upon

Christ Christ

mentors mentors

figures figures

Testament Testament

testament, testament,

history history

Phalaris' Phalaris'

'at 'at

at at

in in

one one

precision precision

the the

scriptural scriptural

and and

in in

some some

volumes, volumes,

upon upon

gives gives

the the

fuller fuller

providing providing

quotations quotations

context.

of of

as as

superiority superiority

citations citations

Walsh Walsh

whose whose

work work

much much of of

scholarship scholarship

(2 (2

not not

Tale. Tale.

example example

References References

of of

New New

uneasy uneasy

'Essay 'Essay

Vindic. Vindic.

are are

brief brief

in in

course course

for for

the the

secondary secondary

placed placed

of of

an an

functional, functional,

well well

Church Church

quotations quotations

nouveau nouveau

quoted quoted

his his

with with

in in

his his

of of

Though Though

Preface Preface

number, number,

England, England,

as as

his his

literature, literature,

earlier earlier

Epistles Epistles

matter matter

Marcus Marcus

du du

cite cite

sense'. sense'.

in in

Swift's Swift's

rather rather

and and Reflections Reflections

in in

Church Church

epistles epistles

uncompromisingly uncompromisingly

interlinking interlinking

of of a a

validating validating

footnotes, footnotes,

his his

a a

Pearson Pearson

provided provided

to to

his his

the the

of of

Christ Christ

given given

book book

the the

in in

authors, authors,

the the

references references

texte texte

Bingham, Bingham,

Greek Greek

references references

identify identify

and and

are are

In In

and and

brief brief

or or titles titles

example example

the the

to to

changes. changes.

8 8

England England

Bible, Bible,

du du

supporting supporting

('Vid ('Vid

argument argument

the the

upon upon

meaning-defining meaning-defining

footnote footnote

again again

Temple, Temple,

Bentley Bentley

aesthetic aesthetic

Wotton's Wotton's

found, found,

methodology methodology

large' large'

in in

the the

Christian Christian

and and

Tale. Tale.

the the

demonstrated, demonstrated,

contexts contexts

quoted quoted

praised praised

His His

which which

be be

are are

Joseph Joseph

now now

This This

the the

'at 'at

the the

of of

exemplified, exemplified,

chapter chapter

their their

of of

page, page,

genuine genuine

critique critique

the the

of of

different, different,

references references

providing providing

of of

often often

had had

citations citations

of of

a a

but but

occasional occasional

particularly particularly

according according

may may

William William

foundations foundations

1697), 1697),

12 12

in in

seventeenth-century seventeenth-century

notes, notes,

the the

given given

his his

Bentley Bentley

as as

It It

use use

with with

Boyle. Boyle.

followed, followed,

and and

sources sources

of of

work, work,

about about

humanism. humanism.

Sir Sir

work work

'Dissertation 'Dissertation

and and

on on

rather rather

respects respects

notes, notes,

are are

late late

for for

methodological methodological

more more

Histoire Histoire

intellectual intellectual

text text

his his

In In

'Catalogue' 'Catalogue'

(London, (London,

and and

Learning',

manly manly

ology. ology.

edition edition

in in Phalaris Phalaris

Richard Richard Charles Charles

references, references,

some some and and

supporting supporting ments ments

quently quently

lished lished

Simon's Simon's

footnotes), footnotes),

ginal ginal

writing. writing. evidential evidential

effect effect

author, author,

the the

tions tions

cant cant

looks looks

printed printed Antiquities Antiquities

tions tions

authors authors

later later

a a

marginal marginal

interpretation interpretation

onely onely

documentation. documentation.

centrality centrality 104 104

is is

A A

of of

or or

an an

the the

107 107

The The

lies, lies,

pro

later later

fully fully

cata

both both

insu

men

of of

[4]) [4])

leaves, leaves,

forms, forms,

is is

et et

page, page,

Colledge Colledge

'Joannis 'Joannis

particu

p. p.

pages pages

Artificial Artificial

Martynj, Martynj,

advertise

include include

Reflections Reflections

and and

I, I,

ways. ways.

inventing, inventing,

of of

'Nehemiah 'Nehemiah

them them

indicate indicate

would would

']. '].

of of

tide tide

Colledge Colledge

was was

unBrobding

considered. considered.

and and

facing facing

which which

tide tide

scholastic, scholastic,

vol. vol.

of of

variously variously

villainous villainous

FRS FRS

popular popular

published': published':

of of

Angliae Angliae

members members

other other

the the

work work

the the

alphabetical alphabetical

They They

Pope Pope

Gresham Gresham

two two

the the

dissections dissections

are are

form form

(1674). (1674).

and and

time, time,

in in

Physically, Physically,

by by

Ray Ray

authors, authors,

and and

most most

(CW]S, (CW]S,

Wotton's Wotton's

manifestations manifestations

of of

at at

of of

(as (as

on on

the the

Natural Natural

two two

Wotton Wotton

after after

book book

On On

because because

the the

as as

of of

speedily speedily

as as

imprint imprint

If If

in in

the the

out out

John John

of of

Fishes Fishes

and and

parodic. parodic.

foolish foolish

pkmtarum pkmtarum

in-book in-book

be be

of of

mock mock

Tale. Tale......

'shine' 'shine'

by by

set set

Author, Author,

the the

catalogues catalogues

satire satire

modern modern

notorious notorious

target. target.

a/Grub-street. a/Grub-street.

or or

produced produced

pervasive pervasive

and and

preserved preserved

will will

the the

and and

catalogues catalogues

experimental experimental

as as

the the

of of

offensive offensive

used used

his his

as as

Philosophically, Philosophically,

by by

same same

of of

described described

and and

Such Such

works works

tendency tendency

Society, Society,

philology. philology.

Work' Work'

of of

dark, dark,

and and

the the

Birds Birds

subject. subject.

standard standard

and and

Catalogus Catalogus

paratextuality, paratextuality,

list list

Nature, Nature,

and and

17 17

with with

terminology terminology

regularly regularly

general general

which which

the the

texts texts

Histori-theo-physi-logically Histori-theo-physi-logically

or or

Description Description

its its

A A

Productions Productions

Tub Tub

demotic demotic

us us

new new

mode mode catalogues catalogues

18 18

and and

by by

Canting, Canting,

Other Other

of of

a a

generalry generalry

Society Society

the the

Royal Royal

Whole Whole

and and

objects objects

proudly proudly

Zeal Zeal

of of

English English

more more

Balliol.

Human Human

of of

the the

lawyers lawyers

not not

Learning, Learning,

a a

Sodalis', Sodalis',

is is

authors authors

of of

the the

elaborate elaborate

of of

the the

many many

publications publications

Art Art

modern modern

categorizing categorizing

F.R.S.'

and and

of of

wrote wrote

bookseller's bookseller's

Royal Royal

upon upon

principal principal

of of

Tale Tale

Discourses; Discourses;

provides provides

polemic, polemic,

allegorical, allegorical,

the the

of of

rhetorical rhetorical

of of

the the

catalogue catalogue

the the

and and

the the

landscape landscape

ITT>rds ITT>rds

the the

Tales Tales

and and

or or

Catalogue Catalogue

(1670) (1670)

heads heads

Regiae Regiae

important important

Modern Modern

Tale Tale

to to

beaus, beaus,

a a

of of

upon upon

Typographi'. Typographi'.

Dissection Dissection

Swift's Swift's

upon upon

the the

Discourse Discourse

a a

major major

Catalogues Catalogues

'Treatises 'Treatises

and and

mind, mind,

represented represented

dignity dignity

listing listing

Fellow Fellow

'Prospect 'Prospect

and and

the the

following following

of of

English English

most most

Essay Essay

caricaturing caricaturing

science science

a a

of of

considered. considered.

town town

wrote wrote

this this

classified classified

inclusiveness inclusiveness

upon upon

taxonomies taxonomies

the the

of of

version version

informative, informative,

With With

all, all,

the the

of of

are are

in in

Societatis Societatis

responds responds

list list

belonging belonging

proliferation proliferation

Swift's Swift's

Societatis Societatis

M.D. M.D.

and and

'in 'in

new new

with with

in in

adjacentium adjacentium

a a

Society Society

Analytical Analytical

the the

......

new new

Critical Critical

Ancient Ancient

Dissertation Dissertation

......

in in

and and

element element

it) it)

they they

Lectures Lectures

Musically Musically

An An

A A

the the

Billingsgate Billingsgate

Swift Swift

Above Above

parodic parodic

complete complete

Collection Collection

(1685), (1685), upon upon

Here Here

nagian nagian

Regalis Regalis

Raii Raii

self-commentating, self-commentating,

tioned tioned

ment, ment, larum larum

a a

Physitians', Physitians',

reflected reflected

Grew, Grew,

a a Rarities Rarities

put put

logues logues first first

listing listing

overwhelming overwhelming these these

fessional, fessional,

Royal Royal

hut hut

larly larly

of of

wits wits

' '

of of

to to

of of

an an

for for

......

her her

the the

too, too,

lists lists

and and

was was

new new

of of

satiric satiric

at at

school school

a a

and and

taxon

it it

which which

means means

organ

Zoilus, Zoilus,

quota

pedan

kind kind

English English

materi

parodic parodic

followed followed

footnote footnote

to to

Pedantry, Pedantry,

catalogue catalogue

glossaries, glossaries,

no no

associated associated

tedious tedious

part part

genealogy, genealogy,

to to

simples, simples,

The The

and and

chief chief

than than

Tub; Tub;

satisfaction, satisfaction,

methods methods

Bentley Bentley

parodic parodic

through through

begat begat

new new

The The

"W'[o]tton "W'[o]tton

the the

every every

by by

the the

of of

Swift, Swift,

characteristics characteristics

a a

cluttering cluttering

his his

sale), sale),

......

too too

and and

catalogues catalogues

and and

of of

the the

'catalogues', 'catalogues',

different different

significance significance

madmen madmen

of of

as as

the the

and and

reference, reference,

own own

of of

are are

take take

and and

who who

by by

for for

and and

reaction reaction

of of

with with

rather rather

are are

gazettes, gazettes,

broadly, broadly,

text text

Tale, Tale,

their their

for for

......

or or

defined defined

Positiveness, Positiveness,

others others

Tale Tale

their their

they they

many many

School School

one one

forms forms

special special

referencing referencing

forms forms

is is

Bentley Bentley

plain, plain,

The The

the the

page page

number number

A A

modern modern

proliferation proliferation

and and

is is

to to

Hybris, Hybris,

in in

more more

Swift's Swift's

There There

accurate accurate

variety variety

defined defined

of of

doctors doctors

observers observers

to to

teemed teemed

of of

It It

of of

methodology. methodology.

in in

the the

any any

the the

argued argued

the the

many many

vanity, vanity,

is is

and and

contents, contents,

of of

libraries libraries

and and

are, are,

B[en]try, B[en]try,

was was

both. both.

and and

so. so.

various various

to to

and and

Spelling Spelling

one. one.

of of

method, method,

such such

marginalium marginalium

of of

new new

clergy. clergy.

(in (in

with with

or or

page page

who who

and and

do do

with with

number, number,

Criticism Criticism

footfall footfall

to to

thinkers, thinkers,

they they

laboured, laboured,

critic critic

edition edition

26). 26).

and and

'the 'the

respond respond

begat begat

new new

foot foot

Walsh Walsh

sciences, sciences,

variety variety

the the

The The

......

rather, rather,

the the

by by

Momus Momus

knowledge, knowledge,

a a

that that

tables tables

(or, (or,

61, 61,

but but

and and

books books

number number

cuckolds, cuckolds,

of of

or or

have have

complete complete

the the

of of

to to

......

of of

fifth fifth

who who

heavy heavy

abusive abusive

scholarly scholarly

himself, himself,

invested invested

amber. amber.

Dullness Dullness

of of

huge huge

Tale Tale

at at

154, 154,

problematizing problematizing

modern modern

fanatic fanatic

or or

in in

a a

and and

the the

Marcus Marcus

the the

foot foot

Criticks Criticks

in in throughout

evidence, evidence,

kind kind

are are

academy: academy:

footnotes footnotes

cause, cause,

from from

matters, matters,

82, 82,

or or

the the

indexes, indexes,

Elder, Elder,

necessary. necessary.

of of

Swift Swift

systems systems

scholarly scholarly

nobility nobility

and and

of of

true true

moderns moderns

response response

of of

the the

elements elements

a a

contented contented

and and

with with

pp. pp.

unimpressed unimpressed

the the

Line Line

every every

astonishing astonishing

not not

feature feature

I, I,

that that

the the

at at

rhetorical rhetorical

What What

the the

delusive delusive

on on

Impudence, Impudence,

appearing appearing

made made

of of

modern modern

16 16

majority majority

and and

obvious obvious

every every

preserved preserved

the the

by by

adduction, adduction,

particular particular

School School

are are

fanatics fanatics

seventeenth-century seventeenth-century England

vol. vol.

Tale Tale

Modern Modern

immediate immediate

direct direct

that that

Swift, Swift,

anxious anxious

features features

footnotes footnotes

and and

Tale Tale

the the

think think

notes notes

catalogues, catalogues, developments developments

a a

the the

are are

of of

Of Of

Etu.tera Etu.tera

based based

Tooke, Tooke,

on on

narrative narrative

proper proper

the the

great great

late late

the the

To To

lists lists

local local saints saints

to to

of of

in in

marginalia marginalia

Tale Tale

of of

and and

their their

volume. volume.

lists lists

1710 1710

emphasis emphasis

the the

of of

the the

'Noise 'Noise

characterizing characterizing

(CWJS, (CWJS,

distance distance

formal formal

as as

begat begat

and and

the the

their their

such such

the the

categorizing categorizing

are are

the the

forms. forms.

of of

restating restating

reason reason

and and

Swift's Swift's

catalogues. catalogues.

new new

Ill-Manners'; Ill-Manners';

including including

products, products,

European European

of of

schools schools

emphasis emphasis

humanism's humanism's

both both

only only

bookseller bookseller

who who

list, list,

of of

Swearing, Swearing,

some some

Certainly Certainly

the the

If If

no no

......

however, however,

recount' recount'

instance, instance, at at

list, list,

the the

of of

chronologies. chronologies.

'descending 'descending

or or

There There

paratexts paratexts and and

children, children,

and and

izing izing

in in

jokes jokes

omies, omies,

the the

page page

tion, tion,

old old

that that

and and Wotton Wotton

marginalia marginalia

tic) tic)

methodology, methodology, are are

detailed detailed

end end

als als

positioning positioning his his

is is 106 106 108 Marcus Walsh Swift's Tale of a Tub and the mock book 109 Royal Society and the publications of dissent are all lampooned. In the De antiquitate Tjpographia, to shew, that Printing or Pressing was as antient Introduction to the Tale, a disparate selection of productions of Grub as Grandfather Adams, learnedly put home by Henry Hills Printer, to the Taylors wife in Black-Priers. Street are subjected to a process of metamorphic enumerative bibliog raphy, with both general and particular targets: a chapbook Dr Faustus At this date Henry Hills was a member of a Particular Baptist church, as a work of alchemy, written by Artephius, the mythic and wondrously already printer to the council of state, and notoriously living with the wife long-lived Adeptus; 'Whittington and his Cat', described as a work of of Thomas Hams, a Blackfriars tailor. 20 'Pressing' and 'put[ting] home' Talmudic commentary (here the voice is recognizably Bendeian, turning have appropriate plural senses here. the great classical philologist into a critic of chapbooks); the Catholic con Animadversions and Corrections of St. Paul's Epistles, and specially of that vert John Dryden's 1he Hind and the Panther as 'a compleat Abstract of sentence, Godliness is great gain; whereas it should be, Gain is great godliness; sixteen thousand Schoolmen from Scotus to Bellarmin'; the chapbook tale as is clearly proved by William Kijfin, Broaker of the Word. of 'The Wise Men of Gotham, cum Appendice' as 'a just Defence of the Modern Learning and Wit', referring to the second edition of Wotton's Kiffin was a Particular Baptist minister, a hugely wealthy merchant in leather and cloth, and energetic sponsor the parliamentary cause. Reflections (1697) with Bentley's Dissertation printed as an appendix, and of applying the 'immense Erudition' of the Reverend William Wotton, FRS, He celebrated his material success as evidence of divine favour: 'it pleased God so to bless our endeavours, that, from scores of pounds, to a fool's tale (CW]S, vol. I, p. 43). Catalogues, like all forms of the list, are highly susceptible to parodic he brought it to many hundreds and thousands of pound: giving me 21 and imaginative reorderings, imitations and revaluations, and Swift had more of this world than ever I could have thought to have enjoyed'. a few possible parodic predecessors. One, with which he was certainly The compact ironies of the characterizing phrase 'Broaker of the Word' familiar, was Rabelais's catalogue of the library of St Victor. All Rabelais's anticipate Swift's exploitations of the links of 'trade' and dissent. A later lists are powered (and supercharged in Sir Thomas Urquhart's translation) mock bibliography attacked William Sherlock and other senior juring clergymen, with the form and tide A Catalogue books the new by an almost endless poetic fertility. Here five pages of inventive tides pil of of of est fashion to be sold by auction at the Whiggs Coffee-House ... near the lory (mostly) the ancient learned professions: deanry of St. Paul's (1691). Its items provide a framework for a series of The Codpiece of the Law. satiric portraits: Cacatorium medicorum. 6. Non magna loquimur sed, &c. By the pious Author and religious The Chimney-sweeper of Astrology. Practiser of the Letter to the dying Lord Russ-I, addressed chiefly to his The Kiss breech of Chirurgery. Arch-Brother and quondam Pupil Dr. Sh[erlock], as an Antidote against 'Of which library', we are told, 'some books are already printed, and the rest Shame and Remorse. are now at the Presse'. 19 Thomas Browne's Musaeum clausum or Bibliotheca 9. Dux ffEmina facti: Conquest the best Tide to Body and Conscience, Abscondita (posthumously published in 1684), not demonstrably known by Dr. Sh-k's Wife, dedicated to her Humble Servant her Husband ... to Swift, listed among other fictitious curiosities 'remarkable Books ... of several kinds, scarce or never seen by any man now living'. The 'pious Author' is John Tillotson, who had argued, in his letter to the At least two parodic bibliographies of the post-Restoration period condemned Lord Russell in 1683, 'the unlawfulness of taking arms against are not only closer in time to Swift, but closer to Swift's methods, and the king in any case'. Early in 1691 Tillotson was appointed to the see certainly closer to his political and religious principles. The anonymous of Canterbury by King William, who had come to the throne through Bibliotheca fonatica: or, 1he phanatique library being a catalogue of such revolution. William Sherlock, one of the leading Anglican controversial books as have been lately made and by the authors presented to the co/ledge of ists of the time, dramatically turned his coat from public and determined Bedlam (1660) invented dozens of book tides, and helpfully provided brief nonjuring to take the oath in August 1690, under the influence, many summaries of them, to mock or allege the doings of a wide cast of sectar believed at the time, of his Xanthippean wife. Swift had, then, one or ians and parliamentarians: two forerunners in the satiric exploitation of the form of the bookseller's IIO Marcus Walsh Swift's Tale of a Tub and the mock book III or library catalogue, not much less inventive than his own, and yet more translation of Plutarch's Moralia (1603), for example, substantial blocks of contemporary and urgent. asterisks in some places denote innocent lacunae in the copy: Swift's satire draws too upon book conventions at the typographical level. The Tale of a Tub and its associated texts are frequently interrupted * * * * * * * * * * * In this place a great defect and breach there is in the Greeke originall, by blanks, characteristically and almost invariably marked by multiple which can not be made up and supplied without the helpe of some ancient 22 lines of asterisks. The Apology is followed by a Postscript, which claims co pie, not yet extant. 2 5 that 'The Gentleman who gave the Copy to the Bookseller' was 'a Friend of the Author', and used 'no other Liberties besides that of expunging In other places in this book asterisks are made to stand for obscuranda: '.And yet peradventure it were not amisse in this place to resound and pro certain Passages where now the Chasms appear under the Name of nounce aloud those verses of Empedocles, *. For under covert tearmes Desiderata'. The existence and identity of that Gentleman, and indeed * * he doth allegorize ... '; in yet others, asterisks are a device to avoid the of the passages alleged to have been expunged, are of course uncer writer's duty of clarification: 'these Philosophers onely have perceived tain; the Postscript's claim is more likely to be fiction than fact. The this duplicity, this composition and ambiguitie; whereby every one of us first block of asterisks frustrates our expectation that the adequacy of are two subjects, the one being substance, the other * *'. 26 Thus tacitly in 'the Ladder' as 'an adequate Symbol of Faction' will be explained, the this text, as in Swift's Tale, the knotty Point is unravelled, and the clear second supplants the Hack's promised explanation of the uniform effect Solution reached.27 of different vapours. A particularly substantial block of asterisks, in the the use of asterisks in classical texts and translations is limited, the 'Discourse Concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit', stands If parody-editorial use of asterisks is much rarer. may be found, however, for the intended deduction and explanation of 'the whole Scheme of It in one seventeenth-century book at least, an anonymously published spiritual Mechanism' - 'but it was thought neither safe nor convenient piece of university wit, Naps upon Parnassus (London, 1658), attributed to print it'. Briefer sequences of asterisks politely avoid stipulating that to the royalist painter and poet, and (from 1668) FRS, Thomas Flatman. ecclesiastical, as well as civil and military, offices might be appropriately Here the satirical poem titled 'The Common Fire', addressed to the poet's staffed by recruits from the madhouse, and politely avoid saying that muse, is presented as a found and incomplete text. Editorial explanations, the spiritual ecstasies of the Quakers are frequently accompanied by a in a second voice, accompany the piece. The lines on certain poets who matching physical ecstasy: 'shake off their Mam's old clothes, as fetters I But *petticoat themselves with in the Height and Orgasmusof their Spiritual exercise it has been frequent different Letters', for example, are marginally glossed: '*I think he means with them * * * * *; immediately after which, they found the Spirit [effeminated], a difficult place this!' The poem ends in asterisks and emp to relax and flag of a sudden with the Nerves, and they were forced to has tiness, the Ghost of Wit, delighting to walk after the Death of its Body: ten to a Conclusion. I may not bless Him, as I've blest the rest; Blanks and asterisks enable in fact a multitude of prevarications, parodic For he holds nought in Common with the rest. ally enacting scholarly inadequacy, mendacity, prudishness and bad faith. 23 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * They are represented in the Taleas enabling devices for a variety of abuses * * * Caetera desiderantur. * * *lll of learning. In the seventeenth-century book multiple asterisks were not infre As in this instance from Flatman, the Tale of a Tub's gaps, and their aster quently used as Swift would use them in A Tale ofa Tub, as graphic markers isks, are regularly glossed by tags in learned Latin. The 'Ladder, or gallows, of gaps in the text, indicative often of professional scholarly scrupulosity. is 'an adequate Symbol ... of Faction because' - and here the promised, Lines or multiple lines of asterisks are used from time to time to indicate and dangerous, explanation is silenced by five lines of asterisks and the lacunae in transcriptions and editions and translations of classical texts, marginalium 'Hiatus in MS.' Jack's tatters are briefly described as offering of Longinus and Manilius for instance.24 In a very few such works aster 'to the first View a ridiculous Flan ting', which serves only to make him isks are used with significantly greater frequency. In Philemon Holland's resemble his enemy and opposite Peter, but the point, so far from being in

in to

for

the

but

and

dis

that

1648

Hero

quam

icon

guilty

belief

knots,

mean

variety

will,

applied

initially

Church

the familiar

engrauen

the dismiss

tags

are

Tale.

Desunt

the

hie

the

Desunt

the

editions,

section

finally

'Battel'

coats

modern

reference,

text-wresting

duplicate. the

then)

The

Nor

punctuated

Monks,

one Robert

Veteribus

wrongs with

that

sical

ual lawyer's

expect,

justifies Monuments as or

scholarly

a religion.

antient pretation. cifically Aschami

and

Peter,

which, ers'

modern his in

and nonnulla'.

this

Wotton The II2

developed, is hiatus

Mistress

of of

n5 n5

the the

and and

was was

dra

'The 'The

testa

609-

inter

'Tale', 'Tale',

of of

b4r-v. b4r-v.

of of

for for

Gerard Gerard

Books', Books',

he he

Review, Review,

against against

Simon's Simon's

kinds kinds

The The

Gibbon', Gibbon',

scholarly, scholarly,

battle battle

the the

Faber Faber

of of

essay, essay,

liii-liv liii-liv

the the

acronymic acronymic

humanism humanism

(Cambridge (Cambridge

scholarship scholarship

two two

and and

explication, explication,

commercial commercial

textual textual

260); 260);

'Batte! 'Batte!

to to

alive alive

conventions conventions

length length

and and

of of

exploitations exploitations

the the

Nouveau Nouveau

Preface, Preface, pp. pp.

1696-7). 1696-7).

or or

credibility credibility

echoes echoes

I. I.

(1976-7), (1976-7),

at at

I, I,

3 3

edition. edition.

Language Language

and and

to to

III, III,

and and

259, 259,

forensic, forensic,

Tub, Tub,

the the

how how

His His

Lewin Lewin

vol. vol.

Swift Swift

newly newly

vol. vol.

a a

literary literary

(London: (London:

Battle Battle

between between

Simon, Simon,

of of

important important

this this

ownership ownership

vol. vol.

E. E.

verbal verbal

texts texts

a a

of of

humanist humanist

argued argued

Author's Author's

and and

book book

manifold manifold

I, I,

hand, hand,

to to

252-3, 252-3,

pen. pen.

in in

mocking mocking

brings brings

Modern Modern

of of

CWJS, CWJS,

the the

Annotations Annotations

copy copy

older older

Jane Jane

CW]S, CW]S,

Tale Tale

are are

breach breach

the the

have have

one one

History History

reference reference

Swift's Swift's

English English

Part Part

in in

he he

his his

of of

245, 245,

1682), 1682),

I I

mock mock

tr. tr.

concerning concerning

Richard Richard

my my

an an

Tub', Tub',

Tinkler's Tinkler's

book, book,

any any

see see

of of

the the

satiric satiric

Critical!nquiry, Critical!nquiry,

a a

the the

Footnotes Footnotes

F. F.

as as

in in

of of

the the

of of

devices devices

to to (pp. (pp.

of of

a a

Spirit' Spirit'

of of

on on

Spirit' Spirit'

record record

Tub'. Tub'.

Tale Tale

preferences preferences

Curious Curious

and and

Reading, Reading,

a a

453-72. 453-72.

not not

to to

and and

the the

John John

footnote footnote

the the

Tale Tale

time time

(London, (London,

authenticating authenticating

weapons weapons

A A

learned learned

Gloss', Gloss',

of of

Apology, Apology,

Satiric Satiric

scattering scattering

the the

catalogue, catalogue,

parody parody

of of

in in

of of

but but and and

245-62 245-62

textual textual

Notes Notes

defence defence

all all

Swift's Swift's

Tub Tub

the the

Swift, Swift,

in in

the the

and and

Tale Tale

of of

Interpretation, Interpretation,

his his

(1988), (1988),

references references

Vienken Vienken

a a

commentators commentators

evaluative evaluative

'The 'The

of of

and and

in in

offered offered

Swift's Swift's

his his

of of

]. ].

predecessors predecessors

are are

49 49

of of

1685), 1685),

All All

Bentley's Bentley's

was was

143· 143·

Footnote: Footnote:

Testament Testament

Marginal Marginal

(1990), (1990),

of of

(Library (Library

list list

explored explored

and and

320. 320.

Swift's Swift's

IO. IO.

Bentley, Bentley,

they they

Operation Operation

demotic demotic

tag, tag,

Operation Operation

31 31

135, 135,

and and

such such

is is

Tale Tale

lacuna, lacuna,

The The

of of

literary, literary,

Old Old

methods methods

p. p.

Ideas, Ideas,

modern modern

Heinz Heinz

'The 'The

Palmeri, Palmeri,

marginal marginal

Swift Swift

and and

of of

97, 97, parts parts

123, 123,

the the

evidence-based, evidence-based,

and and

Thresholds Thresholds

professions professions

and and

of of

English English

especially especially

and and

"Text", "Text",

Swift Swift

6, 6,

of of

these these

hermeneutics hermeneutics

62, 62,

23-4. 23-4.

Swift's Swift's

1997), 1997),

are are

(Rotterdam, (Rotterdam,

or or

in in

Frank Frank

other other

among among

Century, Century,

Grafton, Grafton,

"Text", "Text",

pp. pp.

Lipking, Lipking,

scholarly scholarly

parodies parodies

deceitful deceitful

History History

pp. pp.

rhetorical, rhetorical,

pp. pp.

Swift's Swift's

'Text, 'Text,

more more

Humanism: Humanism:

'Mechanical 'Mechanical

'Mechanical 'Mechanical I, I,

the the

I, I,

possibilities possibilities

Press, Press,

conscious conscious

or or

290-303. 290-303. They They

the the

History History

modern, modern,

Wotton Wotton

of of

in in

of of Paratexts: Paratexts:

the the

French French

disparate disparate

debate debate

on on

Passmann Passmann

Anglican Anglican

621-2); 621-2);

of of

print. print.

'Text, 'Text,

and and

vol. vol. and and

discussed discussed

vol. vol.

1997), 1997),

testament testament

widening widening

in in

the the

of of

rich rich

F. F.

possibilities possibilities

in in

book, book,

how how

of of

the the

Eighteenth Eighteenth

Anthony Anthony

Lawrence Lawrence

my my

(pp. (pp.

(1990), (1990),

Critical Critical

books. books.

more more

have have

numerous numerous

the the

Bentley, Bentley,

CWJS, CWJS, CWJS, CWJS,

The The

Vieux Vieux

For For

'Batte!' 'Batte!'

Books' Books'

reliability reliability

basis basis University University

humanism humanism 55 55

ment, ment,

Faber, Faber, matic matic

Genette, Genette,

pretation pretation

Dirk Dirk

Cf. Cf. 85 85

footnotes. footnotes.

Splitting Splitting

See See

judicial judicial

A A

Journal Journal

l l

5 5

3 3 I

to to

2 2

his his

the the

against against

the the

8 8 scrupulous scrupulous of of

of of

shows shows

of of

6 6

jargon jargon

world world

4 4

9 9 7 7

If If

to to

of of

by by

in in

the the

his his

the the

For For

not not

the the

des

This This

haue haue

is is

same same

in in

as as

text text

'Bartel 'Bartel

......

confes

pair pair

Church Church est; est;

did did

Fathers Fathers

censor

century century

means means

Wotton Wotton

ways. ways.

that that

only only

that that

scholarly scholarly

the the

Gratianus Gratianus

corrected. corrected.

a a

Testament, Testament,

scriptures scriptures

Traditions Traditions

he he

Romanist Romanist

the the

of of

the the

If If

tags tags

no no

satire satire

parodies parodies

would would

n5) n5)

to to

a a

to to

examination examination

is is

it, it,

posuit: posuit:

of of

and and

Roman Roman

New New

own own

(p. (p. or or

sublatus sublatus

holy holy

of of

practitioners practitioners

Gregory, Gregory,

(1610) (1610)

such such

as as

Church Church

great great hero. hero.

heroic, heroic,

non non

Bellarmine Bellarmine

notorious notorious

there there

the the

finde finde

merely merely

of of

and and

forth forth

the the

accusation accusation

way way

partial partial

their their

controversialist, controversialist,

the the

Gratianus Gratianus

reading reading

first first

apocryphum, apocryphum,

a a

nevertheless nevertheless

7 7

response response

not not

set set

Bellarmine Bellarmine

to to

use use

words words

Spunge? Spunge?

that that opportunistic opportunistic

not not

'Tale', 'Tale',

of of

mock mock

Francis Francis

Olde Olde

single, single,

modern modern

emendatis emendatis

Heresie Heresie

which which

inuenit, inuenit,

the the

Triumph Triumph

same same

of of his his

are are

did did

a a

the the

are are

the the

Scriptures. Scriptures.

of of

the the

regular regular

the the

of of

and and

Even Even

newly newly

of of

plaine?l

Swift's Swift's

he he

non non

of of

the the

on on

Swift's Swift's

the the

of of

nuper nuper

Equalling Equalling

dictamen dictamen

the the

they they

about about

cast cast

Cardinal Cardinal

protestant protestant

times times

of of

in in

writings writings

apocryphall, apocryphall,

in in

part part

deserve deserve

more more

quia quia

that that

orthodoxy, orthodoxy,

identified identified

quoted quoted

1729. 1729.

clergyman clergyman

In In

leaues leaues

a a

methods methods

form form

Expression Expression

illud illud

to to

codicibus codicibus

et et

because because

not not

the the

play, play, be be

Editions Editions

Walsh Walsh

Catholique Catholique

targets targets

of of

paratexts. paratexts.

in in

book book

larger larger

the the

Rome Rome

an an

codicibus codicibus

are are

reading reading

this; this;

fragmented fragmented

accuses accuses

repeated repeated

argue argue thus thus

turned turned

but but

can can

in in

Church Church

his his

were were

fuisset fuisset

verbal verbal

some some

and and

the the

royalist royalist

forged, forged,

to to

and and

but but

......

was was

satiric satiric

forged forged

Anglican Anglican

in in

but but

based based

mock mock

Marcus Marcus

veteribus veteribus

of of

record record

non non

particular, particular,

often often

What What

inuenisset; inuenisset;

a a

the the

in in

and and

scholarly scholarly

(1675), (1675),

was was

priest priest

one!y one!y

Variorum Variorum

that that

report report

a a

si si

in in

Roman Roman

and and

Gregory Gregory

out out

quibusdam quibusdam

8 8

e e

Bookes Bookes

Chrysostom Chrysostom

not not

upon upon

Swift's Swift's

possible possible

save save

and and

substantially substantially

England England God God

that that

the the

Church, Church,

left left

is is

main main

have have

is is

a a

St. St.

in in

if if

dubio, dubio,

old old

formal formal

wanting. wanting.

of of

left left

of of

is is

position: position:

locus locus

century, century,

it it

same.3

the the

it it

typographies typographies

like, like,

quibusdam quibusdam

of of

conventions, conventions,

Dunciad Dunciad

the the

falsified falsified

Tub Tub

codicibus... codicibus...

authority, authority,

Truth, Truth,

are are

the the

of of

hie hie

the the

Romanist Romanist

the the

a a absq; absq;

the the

demonstrating demonstrating

parts parts

comes comes

W:Ord W:Ord

in in

predominantly predominantly

personated personated

in in

way way

Constantine Constantine

and and

doubt, doubt,

are are

between between

the the

Specifically, Specifically,

does does

of of

Passage Passage

in in

it it

have have

of of

Roman Roman

heart heart

so so

Totus Totus

things things

no no

of of

Pope's Pope's

are are

out out

how how

Bell, Bell,

evidence evidence

bookish bookish

Chrysostom Chrysostom

their their

downe downe

only only

nor nor

veteribus veteribus

scholarly scholarly

the the

Tale Tale

as as

the the Books', Books',

Presumption Presumption

later later

prominent prominent

Written Written

But But

seth, seth,

doth doth

St. St.

whole whole

Quoniam Quoniam

in in

set set

found found

find find without without

many many

in in

Bentley Bentley

nonnulla nonnulla

such such

course course

Chrysostom: Chrysostom:

means means

the the

argument argument

The The

the the

most most

dubious dubious

moderns moderns

worthy worthy

model, model, and and

no no

of of

degree degree

unt unt

scripture. scripture. neutral neutral

of of

On On

(second (second Romanists Romanists

ing ing themselves). themselves). Grand Grand

to to

Much Much

against against Donation Donation

n4 n4

the the Thomas Thomas

a a

By By

......

'In 'In

are are

Six Six

pp. pp.

117 117

Part Part

847, 847,

were were

very very

Their Their

parts, parts,

Swift's Swift's

(1599), (1599),

Second Second

(1650), (1650),

his his

Creech Creech

as as

Norris, Norris,

General General

refined, refined,

Syllable Syllable

Genius, Genius,

pp. pp.

Thomas Thomas

thus thus

Holland Holland

followed followed

examples examples

a a

World World

(London, (London,

Instructed Instructed

Christians Christians

making making Poems. Poems.

a a

1658), 1658),

the the

Taken Taken

in in

is is

(two (two

fragmented fragmented

to to

epigram epigram

from from

Author Author

John John

of of

used used

more more

a a

for for

great great

Tub'. Tub'.

Verses, Verses,

Not Not

Grys Grys

1600), 1600),

Fashion Fashion

the the

ne're ne're

of of

Thomas Thomas

a a

Lucretius Lucretius

further further

Conteyning Conteyning Soberly Soberly

of of

'The 'The

Clarastella Clarastella

Le Le

Philips, Philips,

of of

Edward Edward

World World

tr. tr.

very very

Motive Motive

dashes, dashes,

Philemon Philemon

learned learned

(London, (London,

Have Have

Intelligible Intelligible

For For

of of

137; 137;

Caveat Caveat

which which

a a

have have

developed developed

156-7. 156-7.

Method Method

by by

Tale Tale

Newest Newest

line line

or or

note: note:

Asterisks Asterisks

parody parody

tr. tr.

p. p. 385-6. 385-6.

Copies Copies

in in

the the

book book

(London, (London,

Heath, Heath,

a a

Books, Books,

Robert Robert

Leander Leander

1171. 1171.

Strong Strong

pp. pp.

and and

up up

Christian Christian

that that

doubt doubt

of of

one one

and and

Death Death

consequently consequently

pp. pp.

'The 'The

A A

tr. tr.

890. 890.

Katherine Katherine

Have, Have,

30. 30.

Five Five

Intelligible Intelligible

and and

no no

1656), 1656),

mock mock

jovial jovial

discovers discovers

ro53, ro53,

40, 40,

Cut Cut

and and

cf. cf.

only only p. p.

Seasonable Seasonable

and and

chapter chapter

Universities Universities

Robert Robert

Morals, Morals,

marginal marginal

(1616), (1616),

713, 713,

or or

his his

Pages, Pages,

Holland Holland

that that

Theory Theory

broken broken

Swift's Swift's and

[1705?]), [1705?]),

a a

the the

and and

Hero Hero

22; 22;

Catholick Catholick

91; 91;

u52, u52,

Life Life

the the

note note

and and

pp. pp.

Historie, Historie,

The The

after after All All

the the

Ideal, Ideal,

A A

of of

considers considers

p. p.

Hiatus Hiatus

p. p.

short short

Oldest Oldest

1664), 1664),

of of

D'Urfey D'Urfey

and and

Ideal Ideal

with with

explicit explicit more

itself itself

164. 164.

by by

cf. cf.

classics: classics:

(London, (London,

and and

a a

or, or,

Religion Religion

ro45, ro45,

is is

"Text", "Text",

Manilius Manilius

the the

Good Good

Part Part

the the

elaborate elaborate

this this

375. 375.

in in

more more

Philemon Philemon

Tub Tub

66, 66,

160, 160,

(London, (London,

549, 549,

Romane Romane

Voluntary Voluntary

(1648), (1648),

(1628), (1628),

in in

A A

Called, Called, WITS WITS

sizable sizable

uo6; uo6;

a a

of of

towards towards

Parts Parts

In In

and and

1035, 1035,

tr. tr.

Deplorable Deplorable

p. p.

56, 56, dashes, dashes,

82). 82).

D'Urfey D'Urfey

'Text, 'Text,

intervenes intervenes

his his

learned learned

(London, (London,

lacuna lacuna

I, I,

of of

Romish Romish

335, 335,

the the

p. p.

those those

of of

Second Second

575, 575,

pp. pp.

Such Such

The The

World World

P. P.

156-8, 156-8,

Poem Poem

Wilrre Wilrre

good good

my my

Determined Determined

396, 396,

4. 4.

Essay Essay

of of

the the

Eight Eight

the the

Edition Edition

in in

AiW. AiW.

vol. vol.

cf. cf.

Theory Theory

Here Here

a a

Commended, Commended,

K K

Tale Tale

......

162-3). 162-3).

Wilson, Wilson,

The The

be be

pp. pp.

the the

in in

of of

see see

to to

78, 78,

Historie, Historie,

129, 129,

An An

Norris. Norris.

IIO. IIO.

judiciously', judiciously',

to to

wholly wholly

nunnu!la nunnu!la

in in

some some

from from

958; 958;

the the

Philosophy: Philosophy:

Epigrammes Epigrammes

Commonlie Commonlie

that that

Paterculus Paterculus

(pp. (pp.

use use

Mrs. Mrs.

8. 8.

pp. pp.

p. p.

40, 40,

Hubert, Hubert,

(1598), (1598),

Second Second

John John

Aeneid, Aeneid,

CW]S, CW]S,

p. p.

Excellent Excellent

(Manilius, (Manilius,

up up

1704). 1704).

I, I,

Swift's Swift's

wit wit

Charity Charity

p. p.

Unnatural Unnatural

from from

display'd display'd

pp. pp.

from from

an an

Romane Romane

Cf. Cf.

no no

confined confined

as as

is is

I, I,

Parnassus. Parnassus.

Desunt Desunt Hiatus, Hiatus,

them' them'

vol. vol.

satiric satiric

from from

in in

Philosophy Philosophy Velleius Velleius

burlesque burlesque

towards towards

made made 19-20. 19-20.

Necessary Necessary

discussion, discussion,

1700) 1700)

1603), 1603),

Philosophie, Philosophie,

1701, 1701,

Weever, Weever,

Late Late

Retractive Retractive

Francis Francis

The The

Epicurean Epicurean

Dedicatorie', Dedicatorie',

or or

B1'. B1'.

Fortunes Fortunes

on on

of of

(1648), (1648),

A4'. A4'.

example example

vol. vol.

well well

A A

The The

pp. pp.

Collop,] Collop,]

receiv'd receiv'd

of of

upon upon the the

being being

what what

Philosophic, Philosophic,

understands understands

1214; 1214;

page page

as as

(where (where

wholly wholly

fuller fuller

CW]S, CW]S, Archetypally Archetypally

CW]S, CW]S,

for for

Essay Essay

John John

JI. JI.

Incomparable, Incomparable,

Livy, Livy,

Storied Storied

in in

a a

20. 20.

Tub Tub

Oohn Oohn

The The

(1667), (1667),

...... CW]S, CW]S,

For For

Chasm, Chasm, (1646), (1646),

......

Beard, Beard,

Further Further 'Epistle 'Epistle

(London, (London,

B8v B8v

(London, (London,

C£ C£

than than

there there

Titum'); Titum'); lately lately

quotation quotation Plutarch, Plutarch,

p. p.

Pardon Pardon D'Urfey's D'Urfey's

See See

by by

London, London,

m4, m4,

not not Problemes Problemes

See See

Books Books Naps Naps

History History

30, 30, See See the the

well well see see

written written

1632), 1632),

An An

31 31

35 35

33 33

32 32

37 37

36 36

34 34

25 25

30 30 29 29 28 28

27 27

26 26

a a

at at

of of

in in

an an

out out

The The

the the

The The

only only

con

been been

some some

not not

to to

1694); 1694);

Fellows Fellows within within

Added, Added,

Shewed Shewed

edition edition

Auction Auction

rising rising

Thomas Thomas

109-10, 109-10,

Preface, Preface,

not not

Brethren Brethren

has has

Poligamy Poligamy

is is

Smith, Smith,

(Richard (Richard

Catalogue Catalogue

upon upon

later later

denote denote

be be with with

by by

number number

1668); 1668);

the the

Everyman's Everyman's

Stanley, Stanley,

a a

Sir Sir

Rendered Rendered

Catalogue Catalogue

pp. pp.

and and

Tub Tub

186. 186.

made made

......

to to

of of

potter, potter,

and and

Set Set

the the

Answer Answer

a a

John John

a a

by by

a a

1689), 1689),

tr. tr.

first first the

(London, (London,

be be

......

would would

of of

179, 179,

mark'd mark'd

an an

by by

7, 7, or, or,

been been

Eighteenth-Century Eighteenth-Century

to to

case case

Confessing Confessing

was was

and and

1699), 1699),

(Oxford, (Oxford,

witnesses' witnesses'

chasm; chasm;

Toronto: Toronto:

Whereunto Whereunto

Thomas Thomas

in in

Catholicism, Catholicism,

Tale Tale

......

and and

of of

164, 164,

Hills Hills ch. ch.

had had

with with

Eloquence, Eloquence,

Appear, Appear,

Catalogue Catalogue

Commentary Commentary

......

'Asterisms 'Asterisms

1687. 1687.

to to

ten ten

the the

London London

A A

Poets; Poets;

and and

2, 2,

(London, (London,

of of

which which

Raileries Raileries

lxxx; lxxx;

A A

(1710) (1710)

Concubinage Concubinage

in in

160, 160,

of of

in in

Print Print

A A

of of

discussed discussed

Town Town

College College

may may

in in

II II

Latin Latin

p. p.

blank, blank,

bk bk

n3-26. n3-26.

Society Society

Thericles Thericles

than than

(1690). (1690).

of of

is is

(London, (London,

or, or,

158, 158,

the the

As As

Phalaris Phalaris

convert convert

1691); 1691);

Colledge Colledge

left left

London London

and and

called called

and and

Height Height

pp. pp.

of of

Same Same

I I

that that

Part Part

particular, particular,

of of

uses, uses,

......

Copy; Copy;

Physicians, Physicians,

157, 157,

1652), 1652),

Out-cry Out-cry

398. 398.

Testament Testament

asterisks asterisks

fewer fewer

279-80. 279-80.

are are

largeness largeness

the the

1625-1688/9). 1625-1688/9).

Loving Loving

1685 1685

Company Company

Boyle Boyle

of of

In In

its its

the the

Billingsgate Billingsgate

p. p.

of of

Libel Libel

York, York,

of of

Greek Greek

2on), 2on),

(c. (c.

A A

156, 156,

An An

'no 'no

in in

Walsh Walsh

Balliol Balliol

the the

Bowes, Bowes,

of of

V. V.

Libel Libel

Pantagruel, Pantagruel,

New New

Appearance Appearance

Second Second

378. 378.

pages pages

use use

of of

(London, (London,

to to

or, or,

and and

volumes volumes

with with

Epistles Epistles

the the

original original

the the

213-14, 213-14,

1755). 1755).

and and

129, 129,

(New (New

Balliofergus, Balliofergus,

vol. vol.

the the

insistence insistence

the the

The The

(1616-1701). (1616-1701).

of of

Press, Press,

Charles Charles

(London, (London,

in in

and and

Colledge Colledge

of of

1698). 1698).

senior senior

the the

410, 410,

Heads Heads

quotes quotes

of of

u3, u3,

Stationers' Stationers'

Lies, Lies,

Longinus Longinus

Marcus Marcus

his his

TE, TE,

whole whole

Swift's Swift's

loss loss

Candle Candle

Ajfaires Ajfaires

Esq; Esq;

Ouldman, Ouldman,

Mendacious Mendacious

the the

Scurrilous Scurrilous

of of

Flint, Flint,

together together

Kiffin Kiffin

the the

and and

408, 408,

Royal Royal

Text Text

no, no,

upon upon

Hills, Hills,

a a

Cuckolds: Cuckolds:

of of

edition edition

according according

by by

Savage, Savage,

Motteux Motteux

England, England,

a a

570, 570,

(London, (London,

H. H.

all all

of of

and and

the the

pp. pp.

xxxiv-xxxv, xxxiv-xxxv,

the the

Catalogue Catalogue

(London, (London,

40, 40,

of of

University University

Le Le

lists lists

J J

of of

quotations quotations

Gargantua Gargantua

Miscellanea, Miscellanea,

79-80). 79-80).

of of

line line

Inch Inch

upon upon

A A

Dionysius Dionysius

Honourable Honourable

of of

Villainous Villainous

193· 193·

15, 15,

pp. pp.

By By

being being

Thomas Thomas

Henry Henry

sometimes sometimes

support support

second second

hiatus; hiatus;

William William

by by

or or

Asterism, Asterism,

IV, IV,

Henry Henry

I. I.

master master

p. p.

(pp. (pp.

the the

as as

Pierre Pierre

in in

pp. pp.

an an and and

or or Contented Contented

(17n). (17n).

s.v. s.v.

but but

Grammar Grammar

multiplied multiplied

the the

s.v. s.v.

Founders Founders

Notes Notes

Christopher Christopher

Church Church

I, I,

Bentley Bentley

edition, edition,

Dissertation Dissertation

of of

JB.B.D. JB.B.D.

vol. vol.

Sold Sold

......

is is

or or

of of

1691); 1691); Ill Ill

History History

Temple's Temple's

[1685?]); [1685?]);

and and

book book

Members Members

Rabelais, Rabelais,

Catalogue Catalogue

in in

A A

By By

1994), 1994),

the the

Dissertation, Dissertation,

Stars' Stars'

be be

(Cambridge (Cambridge

in in

vol. vol.

lines, lines,

become become

OriginalL OriginalL

1697 1697

Hypsous}, Hypsous},

to to

of of

owned owned

to to

instance: instance:

asterisk, asterisk,

other other

ODNB, ODNB,

to to

example, example,

CW]S, CW]S,

Printer's Printer's

text. text.

Exact Exact

the the

Notorious Notorious

the the

volume volume

Critical Critical

CW]S, CW]S,

[Peri [Peri

of of

Fiction Fiction

lines lines

Therein. Therein.

analyzed analyzed his his

form form

omission, omission, last last

See See whole whole

Fran9ois Fran9ois

Wtts Wtts

Asterisms Asterisms The The

Library, Library,

Urquhart Urquhart

See See

of of

Catologue Catologue

(London, (London,

(London, (London, Dunciad, Dunciad,

Disproved Disproved

and and

Explanatory Explanatory

For For

Objections Objections

Foundation, Foundation,

Bentley, Bentley, an an

See See

In In

For For

the the

Bentley, Bentley,

magistrate, magistrate,

127). 127).

Printed Printed

Swift Swift

of of

Af. Af.

A A

23 23

21 21

24 24

18 18

15 15

19 19

22 22

II II

13 13 16 16

20 20

17 17 14 14

12 12

IO IO 116 116 u8 Marcus Walsh

38 The Catholique Triumph: . . . Wherein is euidently prooued, that Poperie and the Doctrine now professed in the Romish Church, is the New Religion; And that the CHAPTER SIX Fayth which the Church of England now mayntaineth, is the ancient romane Religion (1610), p. 35. The tag is used in a more scholarly context by William Perkins, Problema de Romanae Fidei Ementitio Catholicismo (Cambridge, Epistolary forms: published correspondence, 1604), p. 5+ letter-journals and books Abigail Williams

Jonathan Swift wrote thousands of familiar letters during his lifetime, but unlike his friend and correspondent Alexander Pope, he did not engineer the publishing of his correspondence.' A discussion of Swift's letters and the printed eighteenth-century book could, then, be a short one: Swift did not publish his letters himself, and the ways in which they were issued can tell us little about his concern for his works in printed form. But an examination of Swift's letters in print has a lot to tell us about Swift's text ual afterlives, and about the role of public and private documents in a rapidly commercializing literary marketplace. In this essay I shall explore how some of the early printings of Swift's letters shaped his identity in the period immediately after his death. Different collections of letters pre sented competing versions of Swift: man of letters, jest-book joker or pol itical loyalist. These publications not only reveal the relationship between the editing of Swift and the construction of his literary afterlife, but they also illuminate contemporary understanding of the nature of private and public material. The editors and booksellers who issued his letters knew that they did so without his sanction, and their editorial justifications found for publishing what was not intended to be published are both ingenious and revealing. In negotiating the competing demands of 'curi osity' and propriety, their prefatory defences provide antecedents to mod ern debates about the role of the press and the nature of public interest.

Swift and letters as works No single collection of authorized correspondence appeared during Swift's lifetime. The one collection that Swift had any involvement in was the edition of letters between himself, Pope, Bolingbroke and Gay that appeared in 1741, Letters Between Dr. Swift, Mr. Pope, &c. From the Year r7r4 to r738 (TS 60 and 62B), largely orchestrated by Pope.' This collec tion, which Pope had been planning since the early 1730s, began to take