Site Atlas Correct Citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Moussa, A.S

TanzaniaBurkina Faso Usambara Yatenga/Tougou CCAFS siteatlas CGIAR Research Programon ClimateChange, AgricultureandFood Security(CCAFS)

Site Atlas Correct citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Moussa, A.S. and Zougmoré, R. (2013). CCAFS Site Atlas – Yatenga / Tougou. CCAFS site atlas series. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org

Titles in this series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community.

This document is published by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) which is a strategic partnership between CGIAR and Future Earth. CCAFS is supported by the CGIAR Fund, the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), the Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAid), Irish Aid, Environment Canada, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Netherlands, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), UK Aid, the Government of Russia, and the European Union (EU). The Program is carried out with technical support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Contact: CCAFS Coordinating Unit - Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Tel: +45 35331046; Email: [email protected]

Creative Commons License

This Atlas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Articles appearing in this publication may be freely quoted and reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes.

DISCLAIMER:

This Atlas Series has been prepared as an output for Theme 4.2 under the CCAFS program and has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of CCAFS, donor agencies, or partners. The geographic designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CCAFS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction...... iv

Regional Map...... 1

Topographic Map ...... 2

Satellite Map ...... 3

Chapter 2: Climate and Climate Variability

Annual Rainfall ...... 4

Annual Temperature ...... 5

Aridity Index ...... 6

Chapter 3: Bio-Physical Characteristics

Altitude...... 7

Soil Type ...... 8

Agro-Ecological Zones ...... 9

Landcover ...... 10

Landuse ...... 11

Length of Growing Period 2000 ...... 12

Length of Growing Period 2030 ...... 13

Crop Suitability ...... 14 Livestock Production Systems ...... 15

Livestock Density...... 16

Chapter 4: Socio-Economic Factors

Livelihood Zones...... 17

Human Population Density ...... 18

Market Access ...... 19

Poverty ...... 20

Conservations Areas...... 21

References and Data Sources...... 22 Introduction

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) seeks to promote a food-secure world through the provision of science-based eﬀorts that support sustainable agriculture and enhance livelihoods while adapting to climate change and conserving natural resources and environmental services.

Climate change is an unprecedented threat to the food security of hundreds of millions of people who depend on small-scale agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change aﬀects agriculture and food security, and likewise, agriculture and natural resource management aﬀect the climate system.

CCAFS has initially focused on three regions; East Africa (EA), West Africa (WA) and South Asia (SA) to carry out its research. The 15 CCAFS sites in these areas represent areas that are becoming both drier and wetter, and are focal locations that will generate results that can be applied and adapted to other regions worldwide. In this year, 2013, CCAFS is expanding its portfolio to additional sites in Latin America and South-East Asia.

These sites serve as the initial focus of CCAFS partnership-building and long-term research activities falling within the following CCAFS Research Themes; Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change, Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk, Pro-Poor Climate Change Mitigation and Integration for Decision Making. At all 15 CCAFS sites, baseline surveys have been conducted, including three levels of data collection and analysis at household, village and organizational levels (see: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/resources/baseline-surveys).

More information on CCAFS work in all the three regions can be accessed at www.ccafs.cgiar.org

To better understand the CCAFS sites’ characteristics, a list of geospatial indicators for climate variability, bio-physical characteristics and socio-economic variables have been mapped into site atlases.

This Atlas was developed for the CCAFS site at Yatenga / Tougou in Burkina Faso, in West Africa Region.

IV CCAFS Sites: West Africa

20ºW 10ºW 0º N N º º 0 0 2 2 N N º º 0 0 1 1

Burkina Faso: Yatenga (BF01) Ghana: Lawra-Jirapa (GH01) º

º Mali: Segou (MA01) 0 0 Niger: Kollo (NI01) Senegal: Kaffrine (SE01)

CCAFS Country Sites 20ºW 10ºW 0º

1 Citation: GeoMapa (2013a) Topography Yatenga

2°30'W 2°W So Filifili !( CCAFS Site BF01, Yatenga / Tougou. Burkina Faso Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N

° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( 4 4 1 !( Danèmbana Kénéma !( !( 1 Tinéguèné !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( !( Méné Babo !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Sim Barga Zana Saya !( Haloko !( !( !( !( !( Bouna Hokélirou Titao !( Poaoro !. !( Kammbondogué !( Ouatigué Zon Kandaye !( Kalo !( !( !( !( !( Dim Darguèné Hitté !( Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kobséré Douma !( !( Kononga Boulounga !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( !( Silêdou Housi Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( !(

N !( N ' Moimbé '

0 Ibi Palga Boulli Foulbés 0 !( Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné !( 3 !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou !( !( !( Bakou !( Kora Réga Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni Coordinates of the CCAFS Baseline !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Sampling frame !( !. !( Sissilé Gouloumbassa Kalsaka Yamanyé !( !( !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli !( Sabsé 2.113W 13.828N !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma 2.113W 13.554N !( !( !( !( !( 2.391W 13.554N !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo 2.391W 13.828N Kourou Bogo !( !( Bassébétanga Gargo !( Sagle !( Zougoungo !( !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( !( Laway !( Wono Baoudoumbain Kirsi Gongho !(

N Kouosseye N Boussou Bokin!( Lannyé Gouéra ° Tanpouya ° !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( 3 Kiri 3

1 Bakoui 1 Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré !( Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken Niouma !( !( !( !( !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa Bibiou La Todin !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Dyemba !( Sakoensé Babou Gonsen !( Gasgo Douré !( !( !( Sampling frame size: 30km x 30km 2°30'W 2°W !. Town Road Settlement Railway Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km 2 Citation: GeoMapa (2013b) Satellite Image Tougou N N

" 2°20'0"W 2°10'0"W " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 5 5 ° ° 3 3 1 1

011 -04-2 om 27 ery fr !( imag on dEye soluti Tibtenga Rapi nd re grou at 5m line Base Sallafouble ehold !( Hous HBS= ey Surv

ine Basel llage S= Vi VB rvey Su e aselin Kammbondogué onal B nizati Lemnogo Peulh (! Orga !( OBS= ey Surv

Faougodo !( N N

" Aoréama " 0 0 ' '

0 (! 0 4 4 ° ° 3 3 1 1

Road River Lilligomde !( (! Settlement !. !. CCAFS VBS/OBS village Kononga !( CCAFS HBS villages

Bagayalogo !(

2°20'0"W 2°10'0"W

Scale 1:215,000 0 2.5 5 10 15 Kilometers

3 Citation: RapidEye (2011) Annual Rainfall

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N MAURITANIA ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( 4 4

Silêdou ° ° !( !( Bimbéla Nogo !( !( Tangari 0 0 N !( N ' ' Moimbé 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN

3 3 GHANA !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( NIGERIA Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo COTE D'IVOIRE TOGO !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Scale 1:12,500,000 Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma Corresponds to the map on the left !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( Rainfall (mm) !( Sagle !( Gargo Tougou MeanTo Muognotuh Mly eRaanin Mfaolln Dthisltyr iRbauitniofanll Distribution Zougoungo !( !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( !( Laway < = 250 s !( Wono y Baoudoumbain Kirsi ) 200 20 Gongho !( a N N D Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Gouéra m Lannyé

° Tanpouya !( ° !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( 250 - 750 !( !( y m 3 Kiri 3 150 15 ( n 1 1 !( Bakoui Baniou !( i Gorombouli Balo Bourki l l !( Dourou !( !( a Yako Bouré 750 - 1,250 a R

f 100 10 Koaken !( Rainfall (mm)

!. f Boulougui Toèssé Sassa Boulkom n i

Niouma !( !( !( !( o

Lèmséré Manésa a !( Poulma Tamiga 1,250 - 1,750 50 5 . No. of Rainy Days !( !( !( !( !( R La Todin o Bibiou !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou N !( !( !( > = 1,750 0 t 0 r t r c y v y e Gonsen g b Gasgo Douré n l c a p p a !( !( e o n u a e u e J O A F u J D A N M M S 2°30'W 2°W J !. Town International Boundary Citation: Jones et al (2002) Settlement ll data Road Rainfa nnual Scale 1:1,000,000 A t River curren 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers of ons rpolati Open Water inte data, served of ob e entativ 1 cm = 10 km repres 0 0 - 200 of 195

Tougou 4 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et al (2005) Annual Temperature

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo Kourou Bogo !( !( Bassébétanga Gargo !( Sagle !( Temperature (ºC) Tougou Mean Monthly Temperature Distribution Zougoungo !( Tougou Mean Monthly Temperature Distribution !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( !( Laway Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi 50 < = 15 ) Gongho !( l N N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra e ° Tanpouya Kosgo !( ° !( !( !( !( !( !( !( C 40 !( 3 Kiri 3 g 1 !( Baniou !( Bakoui 1 15 - 20 Gorombouli Balo Bourki e 30 Temp. Max !( Dourou !( !( d Yako Bouré (

!. Koaken !( 20 - 25 .

Boulougui Toèssé Sassa Boulkom p 20 Niouma !( !( !( !( Temp. Mean

!( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa m La Todin !( !( !( !( !( e 10 Bibiou 25 - 30 T !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou Temp. Min !( !( !( 0 t t r Gonsen r c y Gasgo v y Douré g e n b l c a p !( !( p e a o u a e > = 30 n u J e O A F J D u A N M M S 2°30'W 2°W J !. Town International Boundary re Citation: Jones et al (2002) peratu Settlement l Tem Road Annua nual nts an Scale 1:1,000,000 prese ta of River re ure da perat tions 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers tem erpola Open Water nt int curre data, served of ob r ged fo 1 cm = 10 km avera - 2000 1950

Tougou 5 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et al (2005) Aridity Index

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( !( Sagle !( Gargo Zougoungo !( Aridity Index !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( es !( Laway icat !( Wono Kirsi ind Baoudoumbain Gongho ndex !( Hyper Arid ty I , N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N ridi ess ° Tanpouya !( ° A yn !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( f dr 3 Kiri 3 el o ation 1 !( Bakoui 1 Arid lev ir Gorombouli Balo Baniou !( Bourki the transp !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré vapo n !( g e give Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken Semi Arid takin at a Niouma !( !( !( !( nt, ll !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa ccou ainfa !( !( !( !( !( nto a wn r Bibiou La Todin Dry sub-humid i kno !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou n of !( !( atio Gonsen Gasgo Douré !( loc !( !( Humid 2°30'W 2°W !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 6 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et al (2005) Altitude

Silêdou ° ° !( !( Bimbéla Nogo !( !( Tangari 0 0 N !( N ' ' Moimbé 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN

3 3 GHANA !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( NIGERIA Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo COTE D'IVOIRE TOGO !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Scale 1:12,500,000 Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma Corresponds to the map on the left !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( !( Sagle !( Gargo Altitude (m) he Zougoungo !( es t !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( icat !( Laway ind l !( Wono Kirsi > = 500 de leve Baoudoumbain Gongho ltitu ea !( A ve s N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N bo ° Tanpouya !( ° a !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( ght 3 Kiri 3 400 - 500 hei

1 Bakoui 1 Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki ters !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré me !( 300 - 400 in Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken Niouma !( !( !( !( !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa Bibiou La Todin !( !( !( !( !( 200 - 300 !( !( Dyemba !( Sakoensé Babou Gonsen !( Gasgo Douré !( !( !( 100 - 200 2°30'W 2°W < = 100 !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 7 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Jarvis et al (2008) Soil Type

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo soil Bassébétanga !( !( the !( Sagle !( Gargo rs to Mouèmè Zougoungo !( Soil Type * refe !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( ype O !( Laway Soil T he FA Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi per t ps Gongho !( Arenosols p as grou N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N rou oil ° Tanpouya !( ° g S !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( ion. ent 3 Kiri 3 ificat r par 1 Bakoui 1 Leptosols ss ei Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki cla by th tic !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré fined gene !( e de rpho Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken Lixisols ar d mo f Niouma !( !( !( !( al an ms o !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa ateri ter !( !( !( !( !( m ics in Bibiou La Todin Planosols terist and !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou arac rties !( !( ch ope Gonsen Gasgo Douré !( ral pr d !( !( Regosols tructu ilt an s and, s s 2°30'W 2°W ure (s well a * Legend corresponds to left map text t), as !. Town conten International Boundary clay er Settlement c matt Road organi Scale 1:1,000,000 nt. River conte 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 8 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO et al (2009) Agro-Ecological Zones

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( MAURITANIA N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé MALI !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini NIGER !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo BURKINA FASO !( Ouindigui !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma N N

Boundoukanba !( !( !( ° ° !( Silêdou Housi 0 0 Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( !( 1 1 N !( N ' Moimbé ' 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 BENIN 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° GHANA 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( TOGO NIGERIA Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo COTE D'IVOIRE !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo Kourou Bogo !( !( nes Bassébétanga Gargo l Zo !( Sagle !( gica Zougoungo !( olo of !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( -Ec on !( Laway Agro-Ecological Zones * gro visi !( Wono Kirsi A e di Baoudoumbain Gongho th !( cate ave N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N ndi t h ° Tanpouya !( ° Arid/Sahel Savanna i a !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( s th 3 Kiri 3 rea ics 1 !( !( Bakoui 1 d a ist Gorombouli Balo Baniou Bourki lan acter , !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré Semi-arid/Sudan Savanna char bility !( ilar uita Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken sim nd s Niouma !( !( !( !( * Legend corresponds to left map o la !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa ed t ral !( !( !( !( !( elat ultu Bibiou La Todin r agric !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou tial !( !( ten Gonsen Gasgo Douré !( po and !( !( tion roduc l 2°30'W 2°W p enta ironm !. Town env International Boundary t. Settlement pac Road im Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 9 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO (2008) Landcover

1 !( !( !( 1 MAURITANIA Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( MALI !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( NIGER Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo BURKINA FASO Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi Tangari !( !( Bimbéla Nogo !( !( N !( N ' Moimbé ' 0 0 Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga Boulli Foulbés N N

Sissamba !( ° ° 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 0 0 ° Rallé °

Oula 1 1 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé GHANA BENIN !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( TOGO NIGERIA Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Scale 1:12,500,000 Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma Corresponds to the map on the left !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( !( Sagle !( Gargo Landcover * Zougoungo !( !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( !( Laway !( Wono Kirsi Baoudoumbain Gongho Rainfed croplands !( N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N the ° Tanpouya !( ° !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( ows 3 Kiri 3 Mosaic Croplands/Vegetation r sh 1 !( Bakoui 1 ve al Gorombouli Balo Baniou !( Bourki andco hysic !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré L bio)p !( Mosaic Vegetation/Croplands ed ( Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken serv th's Niouma !( !( !( !( ob ear !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa the !( !( !( !( !( r of ant Bibiou La Todin Mosaic Grassland/Forest-Shrubland cove omin !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou i.e. d !( !( !( ce, e Gonsen Gasgo Douré Mosaic Forest-Shrubland/Grassland surfa d us !( !( , lan . etation atures 2°30'W 2°W veg ade fe Closed to open shrubland man-m !. Town International Boundary and Settlement Closed to open grassland Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River Sparse vegetation 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water * Legend corresponds to left map

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 10 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Arino et al (2009) Landuse

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo w Kourou Bogo !( !( of ho Bassébétanga Gargo tion !( Sagle !( Landuse * scrip ves Mouèmè Zougoungo !( de invol !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( e is a d.It !( Laway andus he lan the Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi Grasslands protected L tilize t , i.e. Gongho !( le u tivity N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N eop c ac on ° Tanpouya !( ° p i ti !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( nom ifica 3 Kiri 3 Grasslands moderate livestock density o-eco mod 1 Bakoui 1 ci nd to Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki so ent a ent in !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré nagem vironm !( ma al en Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken Grasslands high livestock density natur ch as . Niouma !( !( !( !( the nt,su ents !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa of nme ttlem !( !( !( !( !( viro d se e Bibiou La Todin Rainfed crops (Subsistence/Commercial) uilt en lds an ultipl !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou b ral fie y be m !( !( !( cultu rema Gonsen Gasgo Douré agri e, the !( !( Crops and moderate intensive livestock density y plac At an e here. 2°30'W 2°W ses, th sented Crops and high livestock density land u is pre !. Town nt one International Boundary omina Settlement Urban area d Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River Open water inland Fisheries 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water * Legend corresponds to left map

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 11 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Natchtergaele et al (2010) Length of Growing Period 2000

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( !( Sagle !( Gargo g Zougoungo !( Length of Growing Period (Days) win !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( Gro !( Laway of !( Wono Kirsi gth ed Baoudoumbain Gongho < = 50 Len efin !( The is d N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N P) ° Tanpouya !( ° !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( (LG ays 3 Kiri 3 riod of d 1 !( !( Bakoui 1 50 - 100 Pe er Gorombouli Balo Baniou Bourki umb h !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré he n whic !( as t ing Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken 100 - 150 r dur ed Niouma !( !( !( !( yea rainf !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa in a able La Todin !( !( !( !( !( vail r Bibiou !( 150 - 200 is a y fo !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou here uppl !( !( !( t re s Gonsen Gasgo Douré oistu !( !( > 200 soil m . rowth 2°30'W 2°W plant g !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 12 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Thornton et al (2006) Length of Growing Period 2030

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo ing Bassébétanga !( !( row !( Sagle !( Gargo of G Zougoungo !( Length of Growing Period (Days) th !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( eng ined !( Laway e L def !( Wono Kirsi Th ) is Baoudoumbain Gongho < = 50 LGP s !( d ( day N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N rio of

° Tanpouya !( ° e !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( P ber 3 Kiri 3 num ich 1 Bakoui 1 e h Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki 50 - 100 as th ing w !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré r dur ed !( yea ainf Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken 100 - 150 in a ble r Niouma !( !( !( !( aila !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa is av for !( !( !( !( !( ere pply Bibiou La Todin 150 - 200 th re su !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou oistu !( !( !( l m re Gonsen Gasgo Douré soi h; he !( !( > 200 rowt lant g 030 2°30'W 2°W p for 2 odeled !. Town International Boundary m Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 13 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Thornton et al (2006) Crop Suitability

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou Nessega !( Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin to Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo fers Bassébétanga !( !( ty re !( Sagle !( Gargo bili Zougoungo !( Crop Suitability uita !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( p S e !( Laway Cro urc !( Wono eso Baoudoumbain Kirsi Not suitable d r Gongho !( lan N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N the hat ° Tanpouya !( ° t d !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( ent lan 3 Kiri 3 ssm ural 1 Bakoui 1 e lt Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki Very low ass gricu t !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré ers a evan !( sid rel Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken Low con with Niouma !( !( !( !( ions ition !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa opt ond !( !( !( !( !( use al c Bibiou La Todin Medium low logic !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou -eco ted !( gro pec Gonsen !( Gasgo Douré !( a te ex !( !( Medium tima . to es tivities 2°30'W 2°W ing ac Medium high cropp !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road High Scale 1:1,000,000 River Very high 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 14 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO and IIASA (2007) Livestock Production Systems

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( Bokin s !( Moindia Bogo Mako !( Bèndogo stem Kourou Bogo !( !( n Sy Bassébétanga Gargo uctio s !( Sagle !( Prod stem Mouèmè Zougoungo !( tock ral sy !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( Mixed Rainfed Livestock only Lives ultu !( Laway f agric itions Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi part o ic cond Gongho !( as imat ified N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N Arid / Semi-arid Arid /semi-arid o-cl lass ° Tanpouya !( ° gr c !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( ke a are 3 Kiri 3 ta t and tock 1 !( Baniou !( Bakoui 1 oun ves Gorombouli Balo Bourki Temperate / highland o acc and li !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré Humid / sub-humid int feed !( s of Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken in term stock Niouma !( !( !( !( Temperate / highland Closed to open shrubland s; live ; !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa ource duced La Todin !( !( !( !( !( res s pro Bibiou !( ditie ; !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou Mixed Irrigated mmo ology !( !( !( co echn Gonsen Gasgo Douré ction t stock !( !( produ nd live Arid / semi-arid Urban area use a d; 2°30'W 2°W roduct covere p ; area !. Town tions s; International Boundary Humid / sub-humid Other func cation phic lo ns Settlement geogra pulatio Road Temperate / highland an po nd hum Scale 1:1,000,000 a d. River pporte 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers su Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 15 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO (2007) Livestock Density

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( is !( Sagle !( Gargo sity Mouèmè Zougoungo !( 2 Den !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( Number per km ock rs !( Laway ivest mbe Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi L in nu Gongho !( red g N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N No Observations asu din ° Tanpouya !( ° e lu !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( m inc 3 Kiri 3 ock, p, 1 !( Baniou !( Bakoui 1 est hee Gorombouli Balo Bourki < = 5 of liv nd s !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré ats a !( , go Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken attle Niouma !( !( !( !( 5 - 10 c 2 !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa m Bibiou La Todin !( !( !( !( !( per k !( !( Dyemba 10 - 15 !( Sakoensé Babou Gonsen !( Gasgo Douré !( !( !( 15 - 20 2°30'W 2°W !. Town International Boundary > = 20 Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 16 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Wint et al (2007) Livelihood Zones

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou Nessega !( Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin nd Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo lex a Bassébétanga !( !( comp s. !( Sagle !( Gargo are ctor Mouèmè Zougoungo !( ods of fa !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( eliho iety !( Laway Livelihood Zones * Liv var ps !( Wono Kirsi by a ma Baoudoumbain Gongho ped zone !( sha od s N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N eliho rea ° Tanpouya !( ° v a !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( Central plataeu cereals and market gardening se li phic 3 Kiri 3 The ogra dly 1 !( Bakoui 1 ge oa Gorombouli Balo Baniou !( Bourki neate ple br !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré North and east livestock and cereals deli h peo !( whic ihood Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken ithin e livel Niouma !( !( !( !( w sam ss to !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa North transhuman pastoralism and millet re the g acce La Todin !( !( !( !( !( sha ludin s. Bibiou !( inc rket !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou * Legend corresponds to left map tterns d ma !( !( !( pa e, an Gonsen Gasgo Douré incom !( !( food, 2°30'W 2°W !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 17 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: USAID (2011) Human Population Density

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo Kourou Bogo !( !( tion Bassébétanga 2 pula !( Sagle !( Gargo Po d Zougoungo !( Number of persons per km an dde !( Tanmounouma Mouèmè !( !( !( !( !( Hum gri !( Laway the !( is er Baoudoumbain Wono Kirsi < = 5 sity ns p Gongho !( Den rso N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N pe

° Tanpouya !( ° f !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( er o 3 Kiri 3 umb 1 Bakoui 1 5 - 25 n Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki 2 005. !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré in 2 !( km Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken 25 - 50 Niouma !( !( !( !( !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa !( !( !( !( !( Bibiou La Todin 50 - 250 !( !( Dyemba !( Sakoensé Babou Gonsen !( Gasgo Douré !( !( !( > 250 2°30'W 2°W !. Town International Boundary Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 18 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: CIESIN (2005) Market Access

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Komtoega Nessega Somtingré Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Bokin Kourou Bogo Moindia Bogo Mako Bèndogo Bassébétanga !( !( re !( Sagle !( Gargo asu Mouèmè Zougoungo !( me !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( Travel time to nearest large town/city (Hours) is a d !( Laway time mine Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi Travel deter Gongho !( < = 5 ility N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N ssib ken ° Tanpouya !( ° e a !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( acc s) t 3 Kiri 3 of hour , 1 Bakoui 1 ( tre Gorombouli !( Balo Baniou !( Bourki 5 - 10 e time n cen !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré in th urba !( rest ion Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken nea ulat Niouma !( !( !( !( 10 - 15 the pop !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa to f a !( !( ity o e La Todin !( !( !( or c mor Bibiou !( wn or !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou 15 - 20 to ople !( !( !( 0 pe of Gonsen Gasgo Douré 0,00 eans !( !( of 5 nt m > = 20 differe ount) 2°30'W 2°W king o acc (ta ion int !. Town ortat International Boundary transp Settlement Road Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 19 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Nelson (2008) Poverty

2°30'W 2°W 0° So Filifili !( Nogodoum !( !( Tifé !( !( Nassouwélé Ouendoupoli Daouré !( !( !( Namagé Sibé Ibéré Dambatao !( Som Dijbo !( Délèga !( !( Pétérébay !( !. Ben !( !( Béguèmtigué !( Kèlsoubairi !( Koumbataka Kain Madougou !( !( Tiléré !( !( Chanboulga !( Louka !( !( N Kombori Lossa Laordé N ° Mougounougaboko ° !( !( !( Bani !( MAURITANIA 4 4

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( MALI Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( NIGER Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° BENIN 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 GHANA 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo TOGO NIGERIA !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( COTE D'IVOIRE Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo Kourou Bogo !( !( Bassébétanga Gargo l !( Sagle !( Percentage of People living on less than 2 US$ per day loba Mouèmè Zougoungo !( d g !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( ucte !( Laway nstr at Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi < = 10 IN co rty th Gongho !( IES ove N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N C of p of ° Tanpouya !( ° s !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( sets ate 3 Kiri 3 10 - 20 ata estim 1 !( !( Bakoui 1 d n lity Gorombouli Balo Baniou Bourki sed o orta !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré e ba antm !( 20 - 30 ar l inf ata, Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken iona on d Niouma !( !( !( !( nat triti !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa sub alnu e !( !( !( !( !( d m h ar Bibiou La Todin 30 - 40 d chil t bot !( !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou an g tha !( !( !( izin and Gonsen Gasgo Douré cogn erty !( !( 40 - 50 re pov ct es for n dire 2°30'W 2°W proxi r tha > = 50 rathe !. Town elfare International Boundary w s. Settlement sure Road mea Scale 1:1,000,000 River 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 20 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: CIESIN (2005) Conservation Areas

1 !( !( !( 1 Tinéguèné Danèmbana Kénéma !( Dessé !( !( Fogouldé Bougé Derpon !( Tou !( Dorè !( !( Zougouma Mèntaô Kabao !( !( !( !( Ninigué !( Ennessé Ingaré Bidi !( Toulfe !( Gaskindé !( !( Woro !( Pobe Mengao Diguia !( Méné Babo !( !( Illigué !( !( Alamanini !( Lliwatèna Gargaboulli Namsiguia !( Kommbouri Thiou !( !( !( Barga Sim Saya !( Haloko Zana !( !( !( !( Bouna !( Hokélirou !. Titao !( !( Poaoro !( Kandaye Kammbondogué Ouatigué Zon !( Kalo !( !( Darguèné Hitté !( !( !( !(Dim Yoada !( Fouroufo !( Ouindigui !( !( !( Gondékoubé !( Yabonso Aoréama !( !( !( !( Roungo Bango You Todiame Bourzanga Kesson Bodé !( !( !( Kobséré Péela Kibitiguia Gouinéré Kononga Boulounga Douma !( !( !( !( Rambo Igondara !( !( Doussacé !( !( Kamsado !( !( !( Tibikoro Ouahigouya !. Kagaré Rollo !( Bouléma Boundoukanba !( !( !( Silêdou Housi !( !( N N Tangari !( Bimbéla Nogo !( ° ° N !( N 0 0 ' Moimbé ' 1 1 0 Sissamba Kao Tiénéméné Ibi Palga !( Boulli Foulbés 0 3 !( !( !( !( !( 3 ° Oula Rallé ° 3 !( Ipo !( !( Dommbaré !( !( Zoukoundougou 3 1 !( Mèra Sadouré !( 1 Gomboro Diessou Wagandé !( !( Séguénéga !(Bagouoko !( Yoba Darbiti Lawa !( !( !( Zogoré Bô !( Tanlili Kouranga Loungue Lourgou Poalogo !( !( Kalsagado !( !( Gouroungo !( !( !( Ouile !( !( !( Bambara !( Pellkissiga Boubou Kora !( Réga !( !( Bakou !( Zano !( Bougounam !( Gommbo !( Badinogo Lago !( Koudma !( !( !( Baskouda Ansouri Massigoré !( !( !( !( !. Goéré Bagaré Saye !( !( !( Douré Loga Goialé Dio !( !( Ziré Kongoussi Guiri Guiri !( Lankoé Kangue !( !( 0° !( Kadenkada !( Mangoulima Bouga Rouni !( Kiembara !( !( !( !( !( International boundary Ouri Goungré Tanga Dambreguéssé Rouko Scale 1:12,500,000 !( !. !( Sissilé Yamanyé !( !( Gouloumbassa Kalsaka !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers !( Gourcy Bingo !( Boulli Sabsé !( !( !( Bonpéla Gouloubala Dyéleko Niangouèla Togoma !( !( !( !( !( !( Moundia Nessega Komtoega Bennsé Barsabologo !( Corresponds to the map on the left Bounou !( !( Somtingré Bokin !( Moindia Bogo !( Mako !( !( !( Bèndogo Kourou Bogo !( !( as Bassébétanga Gargo Are !( Sagle !( Conservation Areas ation eas Mouèmè Zougoungo !( serv d ar !( Tanmounouma !( !( !( !( !( Laway Con ecte !( prot Baoudoumbain !( Wono Kirsi Classified Forest resent IUCN, Gongho !( rep to ic N Boussou Kouosseye Bokin Lannyé Gouéra N ding aph ° Tanpouya !( ° r gr !( !( !( !( !(Kosgo !( !( !( acco geo 3 Kiri 3 National Park that, ined d 1 !( Bakoui 1 ef te Gorombouli Balo Baniou !( Bourki arly d edica !( Yako Dourou !( !( Bouré re cle zed, d r !( a ogni al o Boulougui Toèssé !. Sassa Boulkom Koaken s, rec gh leg Niouma !( !( !( !( pace hrou !( Lèmséré Poulma Tamiga Manésa s ged t o La Todin !( !( !( !( !( ana ns, t Bibiou !( nd m ea n !( Sakoensé Dyemba Babou a tive m vatio !( !( !( ffec ser Gonsen Gasgo Douré her e m con !( !( ot g-ter ve lon ciated 2°30'W 2°W achie asso e with d !. Town atur s an International Boundary of n ervice stem s Settlement ecosy Road value. Scale 1:1,000,000 ultural River c 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Open Water

1 cm = 10 km

Tougou 21 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: UNEP and WCMC (2012) References and Data Sources assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and User’s Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 pp. Aridity Index Regional Map Trabucco, A., and Zomer, R.J. 2009. Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Sijmons K. 2013a. Digital Satellite Image based on, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Database. CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information. Spectroradiometer ) NASA, 2009, Ground resolution : 1 Kilometer. GTOPO30, (DEM) Global Published online, available from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal at: http://www.csi.cgiar.org/ Digital Elevation Model U.S Geological Survey, Ground resolution: 1 Kilometer. Topographic Features derived from: Global GIS, U.S. Geological Survey and Google Earth. Projection: Altitude Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Jarvis, A., H.I. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Guevara, 2008, Hole-ﬁlled SRTM for the globe Version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m Database. Available at http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org Topographic Map Sijmons K. 2013b. Relief represenation derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of SRTM Soil Type (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) 2000, Ground resolution 90 meter and ASTER GDEM, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC. 2009. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.1). FAO, Rome, Ground resolution 30 meter, NASA. Topographic Features digitized from Google Earth Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. Projection: Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Agro-Ecological Zones Satellite Image Fischer, G., F. Nachtergaele, S. Prieler, H.T. van Velthuizen, L. Verelst, D. Wiberg, 2008. Global Agro- RapidEye Satellite Image, 5 meter ground resolution, ecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria and FAO, Rome, Image acquisition, 17-01-2011 Italy

Annual Rainfall Landcover Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution Arino, O., Perez J. R., Kalgirou V., Defourny P., Achard F. 2009. GlobCover. Version 2.3 Global. interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: Accessed at http://ionia1.esrin.esa.int/ 1965-1978. Landuse Annual Rainfall Graph Natchtergaele F., Petri M., 2010. Mapping Land Use at global and Regional Scales for Land Degrada- Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002. tion Assessment Analysis (LADA).Version 1.1. MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk LADA Project FAO/UNEP GEF/. assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and Users Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=37139&currTab=simple pp. Length of Growing Period 2000 Annual Temperature Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution Omolo A, with contributions from Orindi V, Adwerah A, Otiende B, Bhadwal S, Anantram K, Nair S interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the Department 1965-1978. for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p.

Annual Temperature Graph Length of Growing Period 2030 Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002. Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk Omolo and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the

22 Department for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Conservation Areas Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p. UNEP-WCMC (2012). Data Standards for the World Database on Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. Crop Suitability FAO-IIASA 2007. Mapping biophysical factors that inﬂuence agricultural production and rural vulnerability. Food and Agriculture Organization and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Rome 2007.

Livestock Production Systems FAO. 2007. Gridded livestock of the world 2007, by G.R.W. Wint and T.P. Robinson.Rome, pp 131.

Livestock Density Wint W, Robinson T, 2007. Gridded Livestock of the World. FAO, 131 pp.

Livelihood Zones Livelihood Zone Products. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). Accessed at http://www.fews.net/pages/livelihoods.aspx?loc=6&l=en.

Human Population Density Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, 2005. Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates, Edition: 3.0. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC. Online_Linkage: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v3-population-density-future-estimates

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Poverty Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2005. Small Area Estimates of Poverty and Inequality (SAEPI) database. Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University. Available at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/povmap. ( Version 1.0) Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/theme/poverty

23 June 2013

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) brings together the world’s best researchers in agricultural science, development research, climate science and Earth System science, to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and tradeoffs between climate change, agriculture and food security. CCAFS is a strategic partnership of CGIAR and Future Earth, led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

For more information, visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org and www.geomapa.nl