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FMD Surveillance in Iran–I Francis Geiger

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FMD Surveillance in Iran–I Francis Geiger Appendix 13 Report of the EUFMD/EC project on FMD surveillance in Iran–I Francis Geiger EUFMD General session – 18/20 April 2007 FMD surveillance in Iran A key to understand the regional situation Dr F. Geiger FMD Surveillance Centre International Coordinator AGAH – EUFMD - MTF/INT/003/EEC A. Animal population 1. Iran 80 M Sheep and goat 8 M Cattle A. Animals population 2 M Pure Dairy cattle B. Animal husbandry 2 M Crossed breed 4 M Others C. Animal movment < 2 M Horses D. Vaccinal status 200.000 Camels Sheep and Goat density 97 Cattle density Source: Dr Otarod, GISVET system B. Animal husbandry dairy farm 3-50 500-5000 dairy and beef farm 10 + 100 dairy and sheep farm 10 + 200 sheep farm 10-400 fattening beef farm 10-100 fattening sheep farm 100-1000 fattening beef and sheep farm 10 + 200 village 200-2000 pasture 500-5000 water pump 100-200 beef farm village dairy and sheep farm dairy farm sheep farm sheep farm dairy and sheep farm dairy farm pasture beef farm dairy and beef farm city fattening sheep farm beef and sheep farm village water pump 98 C. Animal movements Border movements - In Breeders areas Fattening areas Breeders areas Breeders areas In country movements Nomadic movements 99 Border movements - Out D. Vaccine status Intensive Dairy cattle units Villages in high risk areas vaccination every 4 months Intensive Fattening units In vaccination program Nomadic herds yearly program in high risk areas Foot and Mouth Disease Surveillance Project MTF/INT/003/EEC 2. FMD Surveillance results A. Data analysis B. Alert system C. Proposed Actions in Iran D. Project Program 2007 100 A. Data analysis Evolution of FMD during the past 4 years Evolution of FMD in 2006-2007 Source of FMD outbreaks Farm investigations Sampling results => Conclusions 250 Evolution of FMD during the past 4 years 200 150 100 Foot and Mouth Disease Surveillance Project 50 MTF/INT/003/EEC 0 monthly FMD outbreaks in cattle 1382-1385 Farvardin 82 Khordad 82 april 2003 - march 2007 Mordad 82 Mehr 82 Azar 82 Bahman 82 Farvardin 83 Khordad 83 Mordad 83 Mehr 83 Azar 83 Bahman 83 Farvardin 84 Khordad 84 Mordad 84 Mehr 84 Azar 84 Bahman 84 Farvardin 85 Khordad 85 Mordad 85 Mehr 85 Azar 85 Bahman 85 101 FMD OUTBREAKS EVOLUTION - April 2003/March 2007 250 200 150 100 50 0 e r y r 5 y e r n st e r e 0 st r n st e l-03 u u b a l-04 b l- u a l-06 u b J g m ru June gust ruary June g ru Ju g m e b b e Apri Au Apri Au Apri Au cember e Apri Au October ec Fe Octo Feb October e F October ec D December D D February-07 Evolution of FMD in 2006-2007 Provinces April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar total Provinces West azarbaijan 10 5 6 4 5 15 19 8 35 32 11 2 152 West Azerbaijan East Azarbaijan 2 0 3 2 1 8 5 5 2 5 3 2 38 East Azerbaijan Ardebil 1 0 2 6 20 7 3 4 7 3 0 0 53 Ardebil Kordestan 2 2 6 2 2 7 11 2 7 1 0 2 44 Kordestan Kermanshah 1 0 1 0 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 13 Kermanshah 461 Ilam 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 6 7 3 6 31 Ilam Zanjan 0 1 0 1 1 4 4 3 5 4 5 1 29 Zanjan Hamedan 0 1 4 5 7 18 22 7 7 6 1 2 80 Hamedan Lorestan 3 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 10 Lorestan Khuzestan 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 3 0 0 11 Khouzestan Qazvin 4 3 3 1 8 8 5 3 3 3 1 0 42 Qazvin Markazi 5 13 17 13 15 10 7 15 18 14 14 6 147 Markazi Qom 8 22 13 7 10 32 16 14 17 22 19 9 189 Qom Tehran 2 0 0 3 3 6 4 1 11 7 6 5 48 Tehran Semnan 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 3 3 2 0 16 Semnan 635 Esfahan 5 1 2 5 3 15 4 5 18 10 12 0 80 Esfahan Chaharmahar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 5 Chaharmahar Kohkilouyeh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kohkilouyeh Fars 1 1 1 4 0 5 1 15 48 14 2 0 92 Fars Yazd 1 3 0 1 5 1 3 2 16 Yazd Gilan 1 1 0 0 0 3 12 1 2 4 4 2 30 Gilan Mazandaran 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 9 11 6 6 41 Mazandaran Golestan 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 2 1 2 4 24 Golestan North Khorasan 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 5 7 3 4 25 North Khorasan Central khorasan 0 4 0 2 1 18 9 2 36 Central khorasan 221 South Khorasan 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 13 South Khorasan Kerman 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 4 3 0 15 Kerman Sistan 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 18 3 31 Sistan Hormozgan 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 Hormozgan Bushehr 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 Bushehr Total 62 54 65 55 82 153 136 107 222 183 136 62 1317 1317 250 TOTAL CASES CATTLE 200 150 100 50 nunmberof cases 0 Month : April 2006 - March 2007 Sources of FMD Outbreaks FMD outbreaks analysis in 9 provinces: East and West Azerbaijan, Ardabil - Qom, Markazy, Qazvin – Tehran, Isfahan, Fars – North, Central and South Khorassan, (* Dr Otarod, GISVET system) 1. Focal prevalence of FMD in Iran 2. Focal prevalence of FMD in Cattle 3. Focal prevalence of FMD in Sheep and Goat 102 1. Focal prevalence of FMD in Iran cattle 40.00 35.00 30.00 Beef F arm 25.00 Dairy and beef farm 20.00 Dairy and sheep farm 15.00 Dairy Farm Villages 10.00 5.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 sheep and goat 14 12 10 pasture 8 villages 6 sheep farm dairy and sheep farm 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 2. Focal prevalence of FMD in Cattle 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Villages Dairy Farm Dairy and Dairy and beef Beef Farm sheep Farm Farm East Azar West Azar Ardabil 103 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 Villages Dairy Farm Dairy and Dairy and beef sheep Farm Farm Tehran Esfahan Fars 2. Focal prevalence of FMD in Sheep and Goat 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 dairy and sheep farm sheep farm villages pasture East Azerb West Azerb Ardabil 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 dairy and sheep farm sheep farm villages pasture Markazy Qom Qazvin 104 Provinces POS NEG No result BAD Total West-Azarbaijan 49 36 9 10 104 East-Azarbailan 13 14 5 6 38 FMDV results Ardabil 22 27 4 18 71 Kordestan 17 17 1 2 37 Kermanshah 3 2 2 2 9 146 390 Ilam 0 1 4 9 14 Zanjan 11 5 2 3 21 Hamedan 12 11 5 28 Lorestan 6 11 10 27 15% Khuzestan 13 9 18 1 41 14% 42% Qazvin 31 21 8 7 67 Markazi 36 23 6 15 80 Qom 34 15 5 2 56 Tehran 26 9 3 38 Semnan 7 1 1 9 237 469 29% Esfahan 26 18 6 5 55 Chaharmahal 11 2 4 17 Kohkyloyeh 0 2 2 Fars 54 37 11 20 122 Yazd 12 4 6 1 23 Gilan 11 14 9 3 37 Mazandaran 13 4 7 7 31 Golestan 10 7 1 8 26 North Khorasan 7 5 8 1 21 16% Central Khorasan 15 7 39 7 68 72 223 32% South Khorasan 0 3 3 1 7 Kerman 10 3 1 4 18 Sistan 4 1 5 Hormozgan 1 3 1 2 7 Bushehr 1 2 3 52% Total 455 312 160 155 1082 Farm investigations conducted in November, December 2006 and January 2007 Villages FMD is under-reported FMD virus circulates all over the year Vaccination coverage is insufficient and heterogeneously conducted 105 Industrial Farms Affected animals = young animals not vaccinated or vaccinated with only 1 injection No respect of biosecurity measures Fattening Units Permanent animal movement = permanent source of various viruses Vaccination after entering without quarantine period not useful Conclusion 1. FMD is highly endemic in Iran and villages and beef herds are FMD reservoir 2. High infectious pressure on non or not well vaccinated animals 3. Lack of Biosecurity Endemicity + Existence of reservoirs + Existence of animal improperly vaccinated + No biosecurity = > Increase of the number of outbreak that could be caused by any FMD virus 106 B. Alert system Field Event definition The occurrence of very severe FMD outbreaks in vaccinated animals which have a high level of immunity The occurrence of FMD in vaccinated epidemiological unit in the face of a strong immunity, e.g.
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