DOCSLIB.ORG

Mistletoe Generates Non‐Trophic and Trait‐Mediated Indirect Interactions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mistletoe Generates Non‐Trophic and Trait‐Mediated Indirect Interactions Mistletoe generates non-trophic and trait-mediated indirect interactions through a shared host of herbivore consumers ALBA LAZARO-GONZALEZ , JOSE A. HODAR, AND REGINO ZAMORA Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada E-18071 Spain Citation: Lazaro-Gonz alez, A., J. A. Hodar, and R. Zamora. 2019. Mistletoe generates non-trophic and trait-mediated indirect interactions through a shared host of herbivore consumers. Ecosphere 10(3):e02564. 10.1002/ecs2.2564 Abstract. Indirect interactions emerge among a wide range of herbivores sharing the same plant resource. Consumers usually belong to different trophic guilds, from folivores and sapsuckers to para- sitic plants. We propose that mistletoes parasitizing pines could play a key role acting as herbivores on host pines and coming indirectly into competition with other herbivores feeding on the same host. Changes caused by mistletoes on its host have been well studied, but its effects running across trophic webs remain unrevealed. In this study, we investigate the effect of European mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) on the host-feeding herbivores via trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) across their shared pine host (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii). We performed field and laboratory experiments, and analyzed the net effect of different mistletoe parasite loads on three host-phytophagous species: the sapsucker Cinara pini (Aphididae), the winter folivore Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Thaumetopoeidae), and the summer folivore Brachyderes sp. (Curculionidae), all being members of different functional feeding groups (FFGs). We summarize the mistletoe–host–herbivore interactions by means of a TMII, where mistletoe parasitism causes non-trophic links and detrimental indirect interactions on pine-feeding herbi- vores across its shared host, suggesting a worsening of host quality as food. These indirect interactions vary according to three parameters. First, the intensity has a non-proportional relation with parasite load, showing an impact threshold on highly parasitized pines. Second, the movement capacity of insect herbivores determines their response, by decreasing the abundance of herbivores with low movement ability (aphids and pine processionary caterpillars) while altering the behavior (plant selection) of more mobile herbivores (pine weevils). Finally, FFG determines the intensity of mistletoe parasitism effects, folivores being more responsive than sapsuckers. Overall, mistletoe generates non-trophic interaction linkages in the forest able to modify community structure by becoming a nexus of the entire herbivore community of the pine canopy. Key words: aphids; folivores; hemiparasite; host pine; insect herbivores; Mediterranean forest; pine processionary; pine weevil; plant–animal interaction; sapsuckers; Viscum album. Received 3 December 2018; accepted 11 December 2018. Corresponding Editor: Debra P. C. Peters. Copyright: © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION be a common phenomenon, but little known (Hochberg and Lawton 1990, Wardle et al. 2004, Plants are simultaneously consumed by organ- Bass et al. 2010). In fact, studies on interactions isms as diverse such as insects, vertebrates, fungi, between invertebrate consumers of the same nematodes, or parasitic plants. The resulting plant have documented both competitive and interactions between phylogenetically disparate positive interactions (Denno et al. 1995, Ohgushi organisms sharing a common resource appear to 2005), and the consequences of the participating ❖ www.esajournals.org 1 March 2019 ❖ Volume 10(3) ❖ Article e02564 LAZARO-GONZALEZ ET AL. species for the population dynamics have been host species could affect other host consumers in examined (Denno et al. 2000, Ohgushi 2005). several ways, running across the trophic web to These consumers induce plant responses (Karban primary (herbivores) and secondary consumers and Baldwin 1997) and generate interaction link- (predators and insectivorous birds). Therefore, ages caused by non-trophic indirect effects, able mistletoe parasitism could be the starting point to modify the food-web structure (Ohgushi 2005, for a novel case of TMIIs, where the initiator of 2008). Indirect effects can result from changes in these indirect interactions is a plant, resembling the density of a species involved in a food web, an herbivore but with effects disproportionately triggering interactions known as density- strong with respect to their size (Watson 2001, mediated indirect interactions (Peacor and Wer- Hartley et al. 2015). These indirect interactions ner 1997, Werner and Peacor 2003) or, alterna- link mistletoes with host-feeding herbivores tively, changes in the phenotypes of any species mediated by changes in traits of its shared plant- (morphological, physiological, phenological, and host. behavioral) involved in a trophic web, thus caus- In this study, we aim to investigate the indirect ing the trait-mediated indirect interactions effects of the European mistletoe (Viscum album (TMIIs; Werner and Peacor 2003, Schmitz et al. subsp. austriacum) on population responses of 2004, Gomez and Gonzalez-Meg ıas 2007). herbivores, through mistletoe-induced changes Despite recent advances in the knowledge of on their shared black pine host (Pinus nigra indirect interactions, there are hardly any studies subsp. salzmannii). Using field and laboratory on the magnitude and ecological importance of manipulation experiments, we tested the hypoth- the interactions between parasitic plants as initia- esis that the presence of mistletoe would influ- tors and insects as receptors, that use the same ence a range of insect herbivores and that this plant as the intermediary, and in turn as a trophic impact would be proportional to mistletoe abun- resource (Hartley and Gange 2009; but see Bass dance. We focused the study site in a Mediter- et al. 2010 and Ewald et al. 2011). ranean mountain (Natural Park of Sierra de The direct impact of parasitic plants on their Baza) in southeastern Spain, where V. album par- hosts, unlike that of herbivores, is often dispro- asitizes mainly P. nigra. Our study system repre- portionately strong in relation to their abun- sents a particular case because, while many dance (Watson 2001, 2009, Hartley et al. 2015) plant–parasite interactions have been studied in and able to restructure the plant (Pennings and short-lived organisms (Bass et al. 2010, Ewald Callaway 1996, Davies et al. 1997, Hodar et al. et al. 2011), here we work with two long-lived 2018) and invertebrate community (Stevens and plants (>300 yr for P. nigra, until 40 yr for mistle- Hawksworth 1970, Hartley et al. 2015). Parasitic toe). Furthermore, pines parasitized by mistletoe plants are also the trigger for a series of indirect show a high rate of re-infestation (Mellado and interactions with many other species in the com- Zamora 2016), which increases the host parasite munity located at different trophic levels. Para- load, leading eventually to death (Mellado and sitic plants can compete with other species that Zamora 2016). Thus, while herbivory is generally consume the host plant, such as herbivores, episodic, increasing in intensity over short time which represent a potentially limiting shared periods (outbreaks of defoliators), mistletoe con- resource (Gomez 1994, Puustinen and Mutikai- stitutes a chronic, long-term stressor, sequester- nen 2001). Additionally, as parasitic plants can ing water and macronutrients continuously from change the morphology and architecture of their the host (Schulze et al. 1984, Ehleringer et al. host, they can also affect other species that use 1985). In a previous study, we show how the pine the host as a habitat (Mooney et al. 2006). This is host responds to different mistletoe parasite the case of mistletoes, hemiparasitic plants able loads by altering the chemical profile of pine nee- to play a prominent role in the forest canopy act- dles, decreasing their quality as food, and syn- ing as an herbivore (Ehleringer et al. 1985, Pen- thesizing defense compounds in moderate and nings and Callaway 2002, Zuber 2004), taking highly parasitized pines (Lazaro-Gonz alez et al. up minerals and nutrients through the hausto- 2019). Thus, from the standpoint of a pine-eating rium embedded in the host xylem (Kuijt 1977, arthropod, there are three potential food sources: Zuber 2004). All mistletoe-induced changes on unparasitized pines, parasitized pines, and the ❖ www.esajournals.org 2 March 2019 ❖ Volume 10(3) ❖ Article e02564 LAZARO-GONZALEZ ET AL. mistletoe itself. We know now that the last possi- MATERIALS AND METHODS bility is not an option, because the arthropods feeding on mistletoe are narrow specialists Study site (Lazaro-Gonz alez et al. 2017). Mistletoe, Viscum album subsp. austriacum Herbivore insects are more likely to respond (Wiesb. Vollman), is a dioecious parasitic plant quickly to mistletoe parasitism in relation to native to the European region that specializes in changes in the host, due to their short life cycles parasitizing conifers, mainly Pinus species, across and sensitivity to food quality throughout the its distribution range (Zuber 2004). This study first instars (Hodar et al. 2002, Zalucki et al. was conducted in the Natural Park
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Faunal and Floral Diversity on the Island of Gran Canaria BC Emerson
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 26.1 (2003) 9 Genes, geology and biodiversity: faunal and floral diversity on the island of Gran Canaria B. C. Emerson Emerson, B. C., 2003. Genes, geology and biodiversity: faunal and floral diversity on the island of Gran Canaria. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 26.1: 9–20. Abstract Genes, geology and biodiversity: faunal and floral diversity on the island of Gran Canaria.— High levels of floral and faunal diversity in the Canary Islands have attracted much attention to the archipelago for both evolutionary and ecological study. Among the processes that have influenced the development of this diversity, the volcanic history of each individual island must have played a pivotal role. The central island of Gran Canaria has a long geological history of approximately 15 million years that was interrupted by violent volcanism between 5.5 and 3 million years ago. Volcanic activity is thought to have been so great as to have made all plant and animal life virtually extinct, with survival being limited to some coastal species. The implication from this is that the higher altitude laurel forest and pine woods environments must have been re–established following the dramatic volcanic period. This paper reviews the evidence for this using recent molecular phylogenetic data for a number of plant and animal groups on the island of Gran Canaria, and concludes that there is general support for the hypotheses that the forest environments of Gran Canaria post–date the Roque Nublo eruptive period. Key words: Gran Canaria, Phylogeography, Biodiversity, Ecology, Evolution. Resumen Genes, geología y biodiversidad: diversidad de la fauna y flora de la isla de Gran Canaria.— La extensa diversidad de la flora y fauna de las Islas Canarias ha convertido el archipiélago en un centro de especial interés para los estudios sobre evolución y ecología.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)
    Machado_Pruebas 27/12/10 12:51 Página 233 Graellsia, 66(2): 233-280 julio-diciembre 2010 ISSN: 0367-5041 doi:10.3989/graellsia.2010.v66.025 LA MORFOLOGÍA DE LAPAROCERUS UNDATUS WOLLASTON, 1864 Y CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA TRIBU LAPAROCERINI LACORDAIRE, 1863 (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE, ENTIMINAE) A. Machado* RESUMEN A. Machado. 2010. La morfología de Laparocerus undatus Wollaston, 1864 y consideracio- nes sobre la tribu Laparocerini Lacordaire, 1863 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Graellsia, 66(2): 233-280. Se presenta un estudio morfológico de Laparocerus undatus Wollaston, 1864 que com- prende la anatomía externa e interna del adulto, incluido el canal alimentario, sistema ner- vioso central y sistema reproductor. También se describen las anatomías de la larva y de la pupa, hasta ahora desconocidas en el género. Los Laparocerus son curculiónidos entimi- nos que muestran algunos caracteres primitivos infrecuentes en el grupo. Se plantea si se justifica o no mantener la tribu Laparocerini, pendiente de revisión desde que fuera esta- blecida por Lacordaire en 1863. Se discuten las semejanzas halladas en los caracteres ima- ginales y preimaginales con otros géneros y tribus, y se buscan las relaciones genéticas más cercanas empleando secuencias parciales del gen 16SrRNA de una veintena de espe- cies, obtenidas de GenBank. Laparocerus presenta importantes caracteres singulares o combinación de ellos, y se separa claramente de los demás Entiminae estudiados, ocupan- do una posición posiblemente basal dentro del grupo. Se proponen algunos
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Cultural Tactics Into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests1
    DA United States US Department of Proceedings --z:;;-;;; Agriculture Forest Service Integrating Cultural Tactics into Northeastern Forest Experiment Station the Management of Bark Beetle General Technical Report NE-236 and Reforestation Pests Edited by: Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team J.C. Gregoire A.M. Liebhold F.M. Stephen K.R. Day S.M.Salom Vallombrosa, Italy September 1-3, 1996 Most of the papers in this publication were submitted electronically and were edited to achieve a uniform format and type face. Each contributor is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her own paper. Statements of the contributors from outside the U.S. Department of Agriculture may not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department. Some participants did not submit papers so they have not been included. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Remarks about pesticides appear in some technical papers contained in these proceedings. Publication of these statements does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of them by the conference sponsors, nor does it imply that uses discussed have been registered. Use of most pesticides is regulated by State and Federal Law. Applicable regulations must be obtained from the appropriate regulatory agencies. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish and other wildlife - if they are not handled and applied properly.
    [Show full text]
  • España). I. El Género Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823
    Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 46 (2010) : 541−545. LOS CURCULIONIDAE DE LA SIERRA DE TUDÍA (BADAJOZ, EXTREMADURA, ESPAÑA). I. EL GÉNERO BRACHYDERES SCHOENHERR, 1823 José A. Sáez Bolaño1, José M. Blanco Villero2, Manuel Sánchez Ruiz3 & Miguel Ángel Alonso-Zarazaga4 1 Apdo. 25. 06280 Fuentes de León (Badajoz, España) 2 Apdo. 42. 11100 San Fernando (Cádiz, España) − [email protected] 3 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, España − [email protected] 4 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, España − [email protected] Resumen: Se estudian los coleópteros curculiónidos del género Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 presentes en la Sierra de Tudía (Badajoz, Extremadura, España). Se han localizado un total de cinco especies de las ocho presentes en la Península Ibérica. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Brachyderes, faunística, Sierra de Tudía, Badajoz, Extremadura, España. The Curculionidae of the Sierra de Tudía (Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain). I. The genus Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 Abstract: The results of a study on the Curculionidae of the genus Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 from the Sierra de Tudía (Bada- joz, Extremadura, southern Spain) are presented. Five out of the total of eight species present in the Iberian Peninsula are recorded. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Brachyderes, faunistics, Sierra de Tudía, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. Introducción En la actualidad, el género Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 ca propuesta por Hoffmann (1963). Alonso-Zarazaga & comprende a nivel mundial un total de 14 especies y tres Lyal (1999: 146) sinonimizaron el subgénero Sulciurus subespecies (Viedma, 1967) si bien el número de táxones Flach, 1907 con Brachylophus [Fischer de Waldheim], 1829 nominales incluidos como sinónimos sin un estudio en pro- y colocaron el nombre indisponible Antoinymus en sinoni- fundidad de sus tipos es muy superior.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Million Years of Beetle Evolution Along the Antarctic Polar Front
    Fifty million years of beetle evolution along the Antarctic Polar Front Helena P. Bairda,1, Seunggwan Shinb,c,d, Rolf G. Oberprielere, Maurice Hulléf, Philippe Vernong, Katherine L. Moona, Richard H. Adamsh, Duane D. McKennab,c,2, and Steven L. Chowni,2 aSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; dSchool of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; eAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; fInstitut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France; gUniversité de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Station Biologique, 35380 Paimpont, France; hDepartment of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431; and iSecuring Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Edited by Nils Chr. Stenseth, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, and approved May 6, 2021 (received for review August 24, 2020) Global cooling and glacial–interglacial cycles since Antarctica’s iso- The hypothesis that diversification has proceeded similarly in lation have been responsible for the diversification of the region’s Antarctic marine and terrestrial groups has not been tested. While marine fauna. By contrast, these same Earth system processes are the extinction of a diverse continental Antarctic biota is well thought to have played little role terrestrially, other than driving established (13), mounting evidence of significant and biogeo- widespread extinctions.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 561 SE 054 264 TITLE Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. Office of Technology Assessment. REPORT NO ISBN-0-16-042075-X; OTA-F-565 PUB DATE Sep 93 NOTE 409p.; Chapter One, The "Summary" has also been printed as a separate publication (OTA-F-566). ANAILABLE FROMU.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Animals; Biotechnology; Case Studies; Decision Making; *Federal Legislation; Financial Support; Genetic Engineering; International Law; Natural Resources; *Plants (Botany); *Public Policy; Science Education; State Legislation; Weeds; Wildlife Management IDENTIFIERS Environmental Issues; Environmental Management; *Environmental Problems; Florida; Global Change; Hawaii; *Non Indigenous Speciez ABSTRACT Non-indigenous species (NIS) are common in the United States landscape. While some are beneficial, others are harmful and can cause significant economic, environmental, and health damage. This study, requested by the U.S. House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, examined State and Federal policies related to these harmful NIS. The report is presented in 10 chapters. Chapter 1 identifies the issues and options related to the topic and a summary of the findings from the individual chapters that follow. Chapters 2 "The Consequences of NIS" and 3 "The Changing Numbers, Causes, and Rates of
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of the Superfamily Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)
    Molecular Phylogenetics of the Superfamily Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Conrad Paulus Dias Trafford Gillett A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia Norwich, Norfolk, England March 2014 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there-from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 1 Molecular Phylogenetics of the Superfamily Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Conrad Paulus Dias Trafford Gillett March 2014 Thesis abstract This thesis examines higher-level evolutionary history within the superfamily Curculionoidea, the most speciose family-level taxon, which includes beetles commonly known as weevils. This is achieved using a phylogenetic approach incorporating the largest datamatrix yet employed for weevil molecular systematics, and includes an investigation into the prospect of obtaining short phylogenetically informative amplicons from archival museum specimens. Newly obtained DNA sequence data is analysed from a variety of mitochondrial and nuclear loci, including 92 mitogenomes assembled through the approach of next-generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNA. The resulting trees are used to test previous morphological- and molecular-based hypotheses of weevil relationships and classification schemes. Mitogenomic-derived trees reveal topologies that are highly congruent with previous molecular studies, but that conflict with some morphological hypotheses. Strong nodal support strengthens inferences into the relationships amongst most weevil families and suggests that the largest family, the Curculionidae, is monophyletic, if the subfamily Platypodinae is excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with Special Reference to South American Taxa
    diversity Article A Combined Molecular and Morphological Approach to Explore the Higher Phylogeny of Entimine Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with Special Reference to South American Taxa Adriana E. Marvaldi 1,*, María Guadalupe del Río 1,*, Vanina A. Pereyra 2, Nicolás Rocamundi 3 and Analía A. Lanteri 1 1 División Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata B1900FWA, Argentina; [email protected] 2 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CONICET, C.C. 507, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; [email protected] 3 Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, FCEFyN, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.E.M.); [email protected] (M.G.d.R.) Received: 1 August 2018; Accepted: 20 August 2018; Published: 23 August 2018 Abstract: The Entiminae are broad-nosed weevils constituting the most diverse subfamily of Curculionidae, with over 50 tribes. We performed Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony combined phylogenetic analyses with the main objective of testing higher-level relationships and the naturalness of the major Neotropical and Southern South American (Patagonia and Andes) tribes, including some members from other regions. We compiled a data matrix of 67 terminal units with 63 Entiminae species, as well as four outgroup taxa from Cyclominae, by 3522 molecular (from nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA, and mitochondrial 16S rDNA and COI gene sequences) and 70 morphological characters. The resulting trees recover a clade Entiminae with a monophyletic Cylydrorhinini and Premnotrypes branching off early.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Identity of Some Weevil Species Described by Johann Christian Fabricius (1745–1808) in the Museum of Zoology of Cope
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 451: 61–91On the (2014) identity of some weevil species described by Johann Christian Fabricius... 61 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.451.8462 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research On the identity of some weevil species described by Johann Christian Fabricius (1745–1808) in the Museum of Zoology of Copenhagen (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea, Curculionoidea, Tenebrionoidea) Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga1 1 Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain Corresponding author: Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga ([email protected]) Academic editor: P. Bouchard | Received 21 August 2014 | Accepted 25 September 2014 | Published 3 November 2014 http://zoobank.org/546295D0-332F-499C-89CC-00C29E21FB9D Citation: Alonso-Zarazaga MA (2014) On the identity of some weevil species described by Johann Christian Fabricius (1745–1808) in the Museum of Zoology of Copenhagen (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea, Curculionoidea, Tenebrionoidea). ZooKeys 451: 61–91. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.451.8462 Abstract The types of thirty-two nominal weevil species described by Johann Christian Fabricius are reviewed and lecto- and paralectotypes are designated for twenty-two of them. A neotype is designated for Curculio sticticus Fabricius, 1777. Protapion varipes (Germar, 1817) is declared a nomen protectum over Curculio flavipes Fabricius, 1775. Based on a study of syntypes, Rhinomacer curculioides Fabricius, 1781 is con- firmed as a member of Mycterus (Mycteridae), Bruchus undatus Fabricius, 1787 is tentatively transferred to Erotylidae, Curculio fulvirostris Fabricius, 1787 and Anthribus roboris Fabricius, 1798 are confirmed as members of Salpingus (Salpingidae), and Brachycerus cristatus Fabricius, 1798 is transferred to Tenebrioni- dae.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Brachyderini)*
    Folia biologica (Kraków), vol. 54 (2006), No 1-2 Karyotypic Characterization of Three Weevil Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Brachyderini)* Dorota LACHOWSKA, Maria RO¯EK and Milada HOLECOVÁ Accepted January 25, 206 LACHOWSKA D., RO¯EK M., HOLECOVÁ M. 2006. Karyotypic characterization of three weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Brachyderini). Folia biol. (Kraków) 54: 13-17. Karyotypes of three species, Brachyderes incanus, Brachysomus setiger and Paophilus afflatus, belonging to the tribe Brachyderini, were studied using C-banding technique. The species share the same chromosome number 2n=22 and meioformula n=10+Xyp at all metaphase I plates of spermatid division. Some differences between karyotypes were observed in terms of centromere positions and C-band sizes. Most chromosomes are meta- or submetacentric and form a graded series in respect to length. The chromosomes resemble one another in having a rather small amount of heterochromatin restricted to the pericentromeric region and visible as dark stained blocks mainly during early stages of nuclear division. Only in Brachyderes incanus do larger bands occur at mitotic metaphase and diakinesis. These cytogenetic data are in agreement with karyological findings obtained in other species of Brachyderini so far examined. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, karyotype, C-bands. Dorota LACHOWSKA, Maria RO¯EK, Department of Experimental Zoology, Institute of Syste- matics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, S³awkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Milada HOLECOVÁ, Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842-15 Bratislava, Slovakia. E-mail: [email protected] The Curculionidae is one of the largest beetle Many species-rich genera exist in which karyology families with some 50,000 described species.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the U.S
    Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States September 1993 OTA-F-565 NTIS order #PB94-107679 GPO stock #052-003-01347-9 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States, OTA-F-565 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1993). For Sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office ii Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop, SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN O-1 6-042075-X Foreword on-indigenous species (NIS)-----those species found beyond their natural ranges—are part and parcel of the U.S. landscape. Many are highly beneficial. Almost all U.S. crops and domesticated animals, many sport fish and aquiculture species, numerous horticultural plants, and most biologicalN control organisms have origins outside the country. A large number of NIS, however, cause significant economic, environmental, and health damage. These harmful species are the focus of this study. The total number of harmful NIS and their cumulative impacts are creating a growing burden for the country. We cannot completely stop the tide of new harmful introductions. Perfect screening, detection, and control are technically impossible and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the Federal and State policies designed to protect us from the worst species are not safeguarding our national interests in important areas. These conclusions have a number of policy implications. First, the Nation has no real national policy on harmful introductions; the current system is piecemeal, lacking adequate rigor and comprehensiveness. Second, many Federal and State statutes, regulations, and programs are not keeping pace with new and spreading non-indigenous pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils
    diversity Volume 2 Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils Edited by Rolf Oberprieler, Adriana Marvaldi and Chris Lyal Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Diversity www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils Volume 2 Special Issue Editors Rolf Oberprieler Adriana E. Marvaldi Chris Lyal MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Rolf Oberprieler Adriana E. Marvaldi Australian National Insect Collection The National Scientific and Technical Commonwealth Scientific Research Council (CONICET) and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Universidad Nacional de La Plata Australia Argentina Chris Lyal The Natural History Museum UK Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity/ special issues/Systematics Phylogeny Weevils) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. Volume 2 Volume 1-2 ISBN 978-3-03897-668-4 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-670-7 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-669-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-3-03897-671-4 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of CSIRO. c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.
    [Show full text]