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España). I. El Género Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 46 (2010) : 541−545. LOS CURCULIONIDAE DE LA SIERRA DE TUDÍA (BADAJOZ, EXTREMADURA, ESPAÑA). I. EL GÉNERO BRACHYDERES SCHOENHERR, 1823 José A. Sáez Bolaño1, José M. Blanco Villero2, Manuel Sánchez Ruiz3 & Miguel Ángel Alonso-Zarazaga4 1 Apdo. 25. 06280 Fuentes de León (Badajoz, España) 2 Apdo. 42. 11100 San Fernando (Cádiz, España) − [email protected] 3 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, España − [email protected] 4 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, España − [email protected] Resumen: Se estudian los coleópteros curculiónidos del género Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 presentes en la Sierra de Tudía (Badajoz, Extremadura, España). Se han localizado un total de cinco especies de las ocho presentes en la Península Ibérica. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Brachyderes, faunística, Sierra de Tudía, Badajoz, Extremadura, España. The Curculionidae of the Sierra de Tudía (Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain). I. The genus Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 Abstract: The results of a study on the Curculionidae of the genus Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 from the Sierra de Tudía (Bada- joz, Extremadura, southern Spain) are presented. Five out of the total of eight species present in the Iberian Peninsula are recorded. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Brachyderes, faunistics, Sierra de Tudía, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. Introducción En la actualidad, el género Brachyderes Schoenherr, 1823 ca propuesta por Hoffmann (1963). Alonso-Zarazaga & comprende a nivel mundial un total de 14 especies y tres Lyal (1999: 146) sinonimizaron el subgénero Sulciurus subespecies (Viedma, 1967) si bien el número de táxones Flach, 1907 con Brachylophus [Fischer de Waldheim], 1829 nominales incluidos como sinónimos sin un estudio en pro- y colocaron el nombre indisponible Antoinymus en sinoni- fundidad de sus tipos es muy superior. De las especies, mia de Brachyderes s.str. cinco son propias del Norte de África, una es un endemismo En lo que a la fauna extremeña se refiere, y más con- canario, y ocho se localizan en Europa repartidas en tres cretamente a la provincia de Badajoz, debemos remontarnos subgéneros: Brachyderes s. str., con seis; Brachylophus al trabajo de Uhagón (1887) para recabar los primeros da- [Fischer de Waldheim], 1829 con una y Gastraspis Flach, tos. En este trabajo el autor cita cuatro especies: B. lusitani- 1907, también con una. Estas ocho están citadas en la cus (Fabricius, 1781), B. scutellaris (Seidlitz, 1867) (un Península Ibérica (Alonso-Zarazaga, 2002). En el área de sinónimo de B. marginellus Graells, 1858), B. lineolatus estudio del presente trabajo se han localizado cinco de ellas. Fairmaire, 1862 y B. heydeni Tournier, 1874 (un sinónimo El género, esencialmente de origen atlántico (Hoffmann, de B. incanus (Linnaeus, 1758)). Posteriormente se han 1950), parece tener su centro de dispersión en la Península añadido a la fauna extremeña otras dos: B. suturalis Graells, Ibérica (Viedma, 1967). 1851 por parte de Flach (1907) y B. pubescens Boheman, Hoffmann (1950) sólo reseña tres especies para la 1833 por parte de Iglesias (1922). fauna de Francia, aunque hace constar la existencia de una veintena de especies de la fauna paleártica y norteafricana. Material y métodos Este mismo autor, en una revisión posterior del género (Hoffmann, 1963), aporta unas claves en las que se incluyen En este artículo se sigue con la línea de trabajo iniciada por por primera vez descripciones y dibujos de los edeagos de dos de los autores (Blanco Villero & Sáez Bolaño, 2007), las diferentes especies. En este trabajo reduce el número de con el objetivo de inventariar la fauna de coleópteros de la especies paleárticas a quince, utilizando un subgénero An- Sierra de Tudía. Las características del área de estudio pue- toinymus para las tres endémicas de los cedrales marroquíes, den ser consultadas en el mencionado trabajo. que no está disponible. Lo esquemático de estos dibujos, Todos los registros que se presentan son el resultado unido a que la morfología externa es muy variable dentro de de capturas realizadas durante los cuatro últimos años, prin- cada especie, hace que esta clave sea insuficiente para la cipalmente por J. Sáez Bolaño y, en menor medida, por C. correcta determinación específica. Estos argumentos lleva- Sáez Tosso, M. L. Tosso Carrera, S. Lambiotte Fabián y ron a Viedma (1967) a abordar una revisión del género. En J.M. Blanco Villero. La mayor parte de los ejemplares rese- este trabajo, el autor incluye dibujos de excelente calidad de ñados se han obtenido vareando las plantas o bajo las corte- cada uno de los edeagos, describe una especie nueva (B. zas de diversas especies de árboles caídos. confusus), deja al género con un total de catorce especies, Para cada especie hallada en el área de estudio se rela- de las que aporta datos de captura y distribución de cada cionan por orden de claves de captura (véase Tabla I para su una de ellas y acepta sin comentarios la división subgenéri- significado) la fecha, el número de ejemplares recolectados, 541 Tabla I. Localidades de muestreo, UTM, altitudes y claves. Término Municipal Localidad Coord. U.T.M. Altitud Clave Cabeza La Vaca Cabeza La Vaca (Población) 29SQC2618 720 CLV-1 Los Cortinales 29SQC2516 850 CLV-2 Cerro Molino 29SQC2615 970 CLV-6 La Cumbre 29SQC2915 980 CLV-11 Pedrera 29SQC2317 850 CLV-12 Calera de León Los Barrancos 29SQC3221 650 CDL-5 El Labrado 29SQC3213 900 CDL-6 Fuentes de León Cerro Morote 29SQC1518 800 FDL-2 San Antonio 29SQC2017 650 FDL-4 Castillo del Cuerno 29SQC2012 700 FDL-6 Segura de León Cerro de San Antonio 29SQC1919 700 SDL-3 Chaparral de Murillo 29SQC2218 780 SDL-7 su sexo y las circunstancias de aquella. Se aportan notas todo el año; si bien en las plantas sólo aparece en mayo y sobre las observaciones biológicas efectuadas y se hace una junio, permaneciendo escondido el resto del tiempo bajo valoración general del área de distribución a partir de los piedras y cortezas (Velázquez de Castro, 1988). Sobre esta datos previamente publicados. misma especie de pino ha sido citado por otros autores Los ejemplares estudiados se hallan repartidos entre (Seidlitz, 1867; Viedma, 1967). Al parecer el daño produci- las colecciones particulares de los autores y los fondos en- do y el crecimiento se correlacionan negativamente; las tomológicos del MNCN (Madrid). plantas de crecimiento más rápido son en general menos atacadas que la lentas (Stephan & Liesebach, 1996). Hoff- mann (1950) dice que vive sobre los pinos, especificando Resultados que en Córcega lo hace sobre el Pinus nigra ssp. laricio. Brachyderes (Brachyderes) incanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Compte Sart (1982) lo cita de Madrid comiendo hojas y brotes de Cistus ladanifer y también sobre Quercus rotundi- MATERIAL ESTUDIADO: CLV-1: 27/09/2006, 1 macho ahoga- folia. Ya Uhagón (1887) lo había capturado en Badajoz do. CLV-2: 25/03/2005, 1 macho y 1 hembra bajo corteza de sobre Cistus en flor, considerándolo frecuente. B. incanus tronco muerto de Castanea sativa. 23/05/2006. 1 hembra no se limita a ingerir acículas de pino, sino que también vareando Quercus suber; 30/05/2007, 1 hembra vareando consume las flores y los pedúnculos florales de otros árbo- Quercus suber; 11/07/2007, 1 hembra (poco esclerotizada), les, como los robles (Q. robur) que se desecan progresiva- vareando Q. suber; 21/07/2007, 1 hembra vareando Q. suber; mente y caen (Dajoz, 2001). Velázquez de Castro (1988) 27/01/2008, 1 macho. CDL-5: 26/08/2007, 1 macho varean- indica que cuando esta especie aparece sobre las plantas, la do Q. ilex. FDL-2: 26/04/2007, 1 macho bajo corteza de tron- mayoría de las hembras (82%) se encuentran sobre los pinos co de Pinus pinaster; 28/04/2007,1 macho y 1 hembra vare- (P. sylvestris), mientras que la mayoría de los machos ando Quercus suber 30/05/2007. FDL-4: 10/06/2007, 1 ma- (73%) permanecen ocultos, posiblemente por una mayor cho y 1 hembra (poco esclerotizado) vareando Q. ilex. SDL-3: necesidad de alimento o insolación por parte de las hem- 10/06/2007, 2 h (una poco esclerotizada) vareando Q. suber; bras. 1/06/2008, 1 hembra. En el área de estudio del presente trabajo ha sido pre- DISTRIBUCIÓN: Especie ampliamente distribuida por casi toda ferentemente capturado vareando Quercus suber y, en me- Europa (Alonso-Zarazaga, 2009) y además de Marruecos nor medida, Q. ilex. Sólo en una ocasión lo fue bajo la cor- (Hoffmann, 1963), alcanzando por oriente China (Korotyaev, teza de un Pinus pinaster muerto y en otros dos bajo la 2007). Introducida en Norteamérica (Wheeler, 1985), recien- corteza de un castaño (Castanea sativa) muerto. En Navace- temente ha sido encontrada en Gran Bretaña (Denton, 2005). rrada se ha observado que pueden encontrarse imagos bajo Está citado de casi toda la geografía peninsular aunque, según las cortezas de pino durante todo el año (Velázquez de Cas- Viedma (1967), es más escasa en la vertiente mediterránea. tro & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990). En Extremadura fue citada por Uhagón (1887) de Badajoz (como B. heydeni); cita recogida posteriormente por Iglesias Brachyderes (Brachyderes) pubescens Boheman, 1833 (1922). También lo ha sido de Cáceres, en concreto de Al- MATERIAL ESTUDIADO: CLV-2: 21/03/2005, 1 hembra en cuéscar y Villanueva (Viedma, 1967). trampa de caída cebada con queso, instalada en caries de BIOLOGÍA: Tradicionalmente esta especie ha sido relacio- Castanea sativa; 6/05/2005, 1 hembra vareando Q. suber; nada con grandes daños producidos en las plantaciones de 12/07/2005 1 hembra (poco esclerotizada) vareando Q. suber; Pinus sylvestris. Los imagos son filófagos y devoran las 31/06/2006, 1 macho y 1 hembra (poco esclerotizados) vare- acículas. Las larvas viven en el suelo consumiendo las raí- ando Q.
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