Changes in the Body Mass of Megaphyllum Kievense (Diplopoda, Julidae) and the Granulometric Composition of Leaf Litter Subject to Different Concentrations of Copper
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Subterranean Biodiversity and Depth Distribution of Myriapods in Forested Scree Slopes of Central Europe
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys Subterranean930: 117–137 (2020) biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of... 117 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.930.48914 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe Beáta Haľková1, Ivan Hadrián Tuf 2, Karel Tajovský3, Andrej Mock1 1 Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia 2 De- partment of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Beáta Haľková ([email protected]) Academic editor: L. Dányi | Received 28 November 2019 | Accepted 10 February 2020 | Published 28 April 2020 http://zoobank.org/84BEFD1B-D8FA-4B05-8481-C0735ADF2A3C Citation: Haľková B, Tuf IH, Tajovský K, Mock A (2020) Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe. In: Korsós Z, Dányi L (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 117–137. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.48914 The paper is dedicated to Christian Juberthie (12 Mar 1931–7 Nov 2019), the author of the concept of MSS (milieu souterrain superficiel) and the doyen of modern biospeleology Abstract The shallow underground of rock debris is a unique animal refuge. Nevertheless, the research of this habitat lags far behind the study of caves and soil, due to technical and time-consuming demands. Data on Myriapoda in scree habitat from eleven localities in seven different geomorphological units of the Czech and Slovak Republics were processed. -
JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Molecular And
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2019-034 e2019-34 | Vol. 51 Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontella composticola n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) from Iran Mehrab Esmaeili1, Ramin Heydari1,*, Ahmad Kheiri1 and Weimin Ye2 1Department of Plant Protection, Abstract College of Agriculture and natural resources, University of Tehran, A new species of the genus Paurodontella, P. composticola n. sp., Karaj, Iran. collected from Nazar Abad City, Alborz Province, Iran, is described 2Nematode Assay Section, North and illustrated. The new species has a body length of 803–1053 μ m Carolina Department of Agriculture (females n = 10) and 620 and 739 μ m (males n = 2). The cuticle is and Consumer Services, Agronomic weakly annulated with four lateral lines. Cephalic region is annulated Division, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. and continuous with body contour. The stylet is 8.0 to 9.0 μ m long *E-mail: [email protected] with asymmetrical knobs. Esophageal basal bulb is present with a small posterior extension projecting into the intestine. Excretory pore This paper was edited by Zafar is situated at the level of esophageal basal bulb region. Post-uterine Ahmad Handoo. sac is 5 to 8 μ m long and uterus is without diverticulum. Tails of both Received for publication November sexes are similar, short and sub-cylindrical. Males have 24 to 25 μ m 20, 2018. long bursa leptoderan and spicules 24 or 25 µm long. A non-branch- ing oviduct is present to form a uterine diverticulum; the new spe- cies is closely related to five known species of the genus, namelyP . -
Symbiosis of the Millipede Parasitic
Nagae et al. BMC Ecol Evo (2021) 21:120 BMC Ecology and Evolution https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01851-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Symbiosis of the millipede parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea with evolutionary diferent origins Seiya Nagae1, Kazuki Sato2, Tsutomu Tanabe3 and Koichi Hasegawa1* Abstract Background: How various host–parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolution- ary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, which are parasites of the xystodesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Rhigonema naylae belongs to the superfamily Rhigonematoidea, which exclusively consists of parasites of millipedes. T. claudiae belongs to the superfamily Thelastomatoidea, which includes a wide variety of species that parasitize many invertebrates. These nematodes were isolated together with a high prevalence; however, the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and eco- logical relationships between these two parasitic nematodes and between hosts and parasites are not well known. Results: We collected nine species (11 isolates) of xystodesmid millipedes from seven locations in Japan, and found that all species were co-infected with the parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea spp. and Thelastomatoidea spp. We found that the infection prevalence and population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were higher than those of Thelastomatoidea spp. However, the population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were not negatively afected by co-infection with Thelastomatoidea spp., suggesting that these parasites are not competitive. We also found a positive correlation between the prevalence of parasitic nematodes and host body size. In Rhigonematoidea spp., combina- tions of parasitic nematode groups and host genera seem to be fxed, suggesting the evolution of a more specialized interaction between Rhigonematoidea spp. -
A New Genus of the Millipede Tribe Brachyiulini (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae) from the Aegean Region
European Journal of Taxonomy 70: 1-12 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.70 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2013 · Lazányi E. & Vagalinski B. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5E23F454-2A68-42F6-86FB-7D9952B2FE7B A new genus of the millipede tribe Brachyiulini (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae) from the Aegean region Eszter LAZÁNYI1,4 & Boyan VAGALINSKI2,3,5 1 Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u. 13, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria. 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:02DB48F1-624C-4435-AF85-FA87168CD85A 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:973B8725-039E-4F29-8D73-96A7F52CF934 Abstract. A new genus of the julid tribe Brachyiulini, Enghophyllum gen. nov., is described, comprising two species from Greece. The type-species, E. naxium (Verhoeff, 1901) comb. nov. (ex Megaphyllum Verhoeff, 1894), appears to be rather widespread in the Aegean: it is known from Antiparos Island and Naxos Island (the type locality), both in the Cyclades, as well as East Mavri Islet, Dodecanese Archipelago (new record). The vulva of E. naxium is described for the first time. In addition,E. sifnium gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a single adult male from Sifnos Island, Cyclades. The new genus is distinct from other genera of the Brachyiulini mainly by its peculiar gonopod structure, apparently disjunct and at least mostly apomorphous: (1) promeres broad, shield-like, in situ protruding mostly posteriad, completely covering the opisthomeres and gonopodal sinus; (2) transverse muscles and coxal apodemes of promere fully reduced; (3) opisthomere with three differentiated processes, i.e., lateral, basal posterior and apical posterior; (4) solenomere rather simple, tubular. -
Megaphyllum Unilineatum (C
RESEARCH ARTICLE Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions: Antioxidant, antineurodegenerative, and anti- Fusarium effects of the defensive secretions of Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda: Julida) a1111111111 1 2 2 2 a1111111111 Bojan IlićID *, Nikola Unković , Aleksandar KnezÏević , ZÏ eljko SavkovićID , Milica Ljaljević a1111111111 Grbić2, Jelena Vukojević2, Zvezdana Jovanović1, Slobodan Makarov1, Luka Lučić1 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Department of Animal Development, University of BelgradeÐFaculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia, 2 Department of Algology, Mycology, and Lichenology, University of BelgradeÐFaculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ilić B, Unković N, KnezÏević A, Savković ZÏ, Abstract Ljaljević Grbić M, Vukojević J, et al. (2019) Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions: Members of the millipede order Julida rely on dominantly quinonic defensive secretions with Antioxidant, antineurodegenerative, and anti- several minor, non-quinonic components. The free radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, Fusarium effects of the defensive secretions of methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane extracts of defensive secretions emitted by Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) and Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Diplopoda: Julida). PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209999. were investigated using the ABTS, DPPH, and total reducing power (TRP) tests. The https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209999 obtained extracts were also tested for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase Editor: David A. Lightfoot, College of Agricultural activity. Finally, the antifungal potential of both julid extracts was evaluated against seven Sciences, UNITED STATES Fusarium species. Secretions of both species showed activity against free radicals, acetyl- Received: August 28, 2018 cholinesterase, tyrosinase, and all of the selected fungal species. -
Apheloria Polychroma, a New Species of Millipede from the Cumberland Mountains (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) PAUL E. MAREK1*
Apheloria polychroma, a new species of millipede from the Cumberland Mountains (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) PAUL E. MAREK1*, JACKSON C. MEANS1, DEREK A. HENNEN1 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.A. *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract Millipedes of the genus Apheloria occur in temperate broadleaf forests throughout eastern North America and west of the Mississippi River in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains. Chemically defended with toxins made up of cyanide and benzaldehyde, the genus is part of a community of xystodesmid millipedes that compose several Müllerian mimicry rings in the Appalachian Mountains. We describe a model species of these mimicry rings, Apheloria polychroma n. sp., one of the most variable in coloration of all species of Diplopoda with more than six color morphs, each associated with a separate mimicry ring. Keywords: aposematic, Appalachian, Myriapoda, taxonomy, systematics Introduction Millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae are most diverse in the Appalachian Mountains where about half of the family’s species occur. In the New World, the family is distributed throughout eastern and western North America and south to El Salvador (Marek et al. 2014, Marek et al. 2017). Xystodesmidae occur in the Old World in the Mediterranean, the Russian Far East, Japan, western and eastern China, Taiwan and Vietnam. Taxa include species that are bioluminescent (genus Motyxia) and highly gregarious (genera Parafontaria and Pleuroloma); some form Müllerian mimicry rings. Despite their fascinating biology and critical ecological function as native decomposers in broadleaf deciduous forests in the U.S., their alpha-taxonomy is antiquated, and scores of new species remain undescribed. -
Folk Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Medicinal and Other Uses, Folklore, and Nature Conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3
Ulicsni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:47 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0118-7 RESEARCH Open Access Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3 Abstract Background: There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. Methods: We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied “all” invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. Results: We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga)were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies. -
熊本大学学術リポジトリ Kumamoto University Repository System
熊本大学学術リポジトリ Kumamoto University Repository System Title Complex Copulatory Behavior and the Proximate Effect of Genital and Body Size Differences on Mechani… Author(s) Tsutomu, Tanabe; Teiji, Sota Citation American Naturalist, 171(5): 692-699 Issue date 2008-05 Type Journal Article URL http://hdl.handle.net/2298/15449 Right © 2008 by The University of Chicago. vol. 171, no. 5 the american naturalist may 2008 ൴ Natural History Note Complex Copulatory Behavior and the Proximate Effect of Genital and Body Size Differences on Mechanical Reproductive Isolation in the Millipede Genus Parafontaria Tsutomu Tanabe1,* and Teiji Sota2,† 1. Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Arnqvist and Rowe 2005). Although diversified genital Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; morphology can be involved in prezygotic reproductive 2. Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto isolation between related species, the role of genitalia in University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan reproductive isolation is not well understood (Coyne and Submitted August 5, 2007; Accepted December 10, 2007; Orr 2004). Species-specific differences in genital mor- Electronically published March 17, 2008 phology among related species have been considered ef- fective in preventing interspecific fertilization (Dufour Online enhancements: videos. 1844). Although there is little empirical evidence for this classic idea (Eberhard 1985, 1992; Shapiro and Porter 1989), the mechanical “lock and key” do function as a partial mechanism of reproductive isolation in parapatric abstract: The role of species-specific genitalia in reproductive iso- species that lack effective premating isolation (Sota and lation is unclear. Males of the millipede genus Parafontaria use gon- Kubota 1998; reviewed in Coyne and Orr 2004). -
Genetic Diversity of Populations of a Southern African Millipede, Bicoxidens Flavicollis (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
Genetic diversity of populations of a Southern African millipede, Bicoxidens flavicollis (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) by Yevette Gounden 212502571 Submitted in fulfillment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Genetics) School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville campus November 2018 As the candidate’s supervisor I have/have not approved this thesis/dissertation for submission. Signed: _____________ Name: _____________ Date: _____________ ABSTRACT The African millipede genus Bicoxidens is endemic to Southern Africa, inhabiting a variety of regions ranging from woodlands to forests. Nine species are known within the genus but Bicoxidens flavicollis is the most dominant and wide spread species found across Zimbabwe. Bicoxidens flavicollis individuals have been found to express phenotypic variation in several morphological traits. The most commonly observed body colours are brown and black. In the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe body colour ranges from orange- yellow to black, individuals from North East of Harare have a green-black appearance and a range in size (75–110 mm). There is disparity in body size which has been noted with individuals ranging from medium to large and displaying variation in the number of body rings. Although much morphological variation has been observed within this species, characterization based on gonopod morphology alone cannot distinguish or define variation between phenotypically distinct individuals. Morphological classification has been found to be too inclusive and hiding significant genetic variation. Taxa must be re-assessed with the implementation of DNA molecular methods to identify the variation between individuals. This study aimed to detect genetic divergence of B. flavicollis due to isolation by distance of populations across Zimbabwe. -
Some Aspects of the Ecology of Millipedes (Diplopoda) Thesis
Some Aspects of the Ecology of Millipedes (Diplopoda) Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Monica A. Farfan, B.S. Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 2010 Thesis Committee: Hans Klompen, Advisor John W. Wenzel Andrew Michel Copyright by Monica A. Farfan 2010 Abstract The focus of this thesis is the ecology of invasive millipedes (Diplopoda) in the family Julidae. This particular group of millipedes are thought to be introduced into North America from Europe and are now widely found in many urban, anthropogenic habitats in the U.S. Why are these animals such effective colonizers and why do they seem to be mostly present in anthropogenic habitats? In a review of the literature addressing the role of millipedes in nutrient cycling, the interactions of millipedes and communities of fungi and bacteria are discussed. The presence of millipedes stimulates fungal growth while fungal hyphae and bacteria positively effect feeding intensity and nutrient assimilation efficiency in millipedes. Millipedes may also utilize enzymes from these organisms. In a continuation of the study of the ecology of the family Julidae, a comparative study was completed on mites associated with millipedes in the family Julidae in eastern North America and the United Kingdom. The goals of this study were: 1. To establish what mites are present on these millipedes in North America 2. To see if this fauna is the same as in Europe 3. To examine host association patterns looking specifically for host or habitat specificity. -
Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class
Ordinal-Level Phylogenomics of the Arthropod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes) Based on an Analysis of 221 Nuclear Protein-Coding Loci Generated Using Next- Generation Sequence Analyses Michael S. Brewer1,2*, Jason E. Bond3 1 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America Abstract Background: The ancient and diverse, yet understudied arthropod class Diplopoda, the millipedes, has a muddled taxonomic history. Despite having a cosmopolitan distribution and a number of unique and interesting characteristics, the group has received relatively little attention; interest in millipede systematics is low compared to taxa of comparable diversity. The existing classification of the group comprises 16 orders. Past attempts to reconstruct millipede phylogenies have suffered from a paucity of characters and included too few taxa to confidently resolve relationships and make formal nomenclatural changes. Herein, we reconstruct an ordinal-level phylogeny for the class Diplopoda using the largest character set ever assembled for the group. Methods: Transcriptomic sequences were obtained from exemplar taxa representing much of the diversity of millipede orders using second-generation (i.e., next-generation or high-throughput) sequencing. These data were subject to rigorous orthology selection and phylogenetic dataset optimization and then used to reconstruct phylogenies employing Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood optimality criteria. Ancestral reconstructions of sperm transfer appendage development (gonopods), presence of lateral defense secretion pores (ozopores), and presence of spinnerets were considered. -
11Th International Congress of Myriapodology, Białowieża, Poland, July 20-24, 1999
tglafowiexA 2 0 - 24^ul{| 1999 1999 http://rcin.org.pl FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA An International Journal of Faunology Warsaw FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA is a specialist journal published by the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The journal, first published in 1930, appered under the title Fragmenta Faunistica Musei Zoologici Polonici until 1953. Now the journal is issued as a semi-annual and publishes the papers devoted to knowing fauna, its differentiation, distribution and transformation. These are the results of oiyginal studies, review articles and syntheses dealing with faunology and related sciences as zoogeography or zoocenology. By way of exchange, FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA is sent to over 350 institutions in 80 countries. It has been cited in the Zoological Record, Biological Abstracts. Biosis, Pascal Thiema and Referativnyj Zhurnal and indexed by Polish Scientific Journal Contents - AGRIC.&BIOL.SCI. available through INTERNET under WWW address: http://saturn.ci.uw.edu.pl/psjc Editorial Office: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk (Museum and Institute of Zoology of Polish Academy of Sciences) Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa Editor-in Chief: Prof. Dr. Regina Pisarska Editorial Secretary:Dr. Jolanta Wytwer Editorial Board:Dr. Elżbieta Chudzicka, Dr. Waldemar Mikoląjczyk, Dr. Irmina Pomianowska-Pilipiuk, Dr. Ewa Skibińska, Dr. Maria Sterzyńska Advisory Board: Prof. Dr. Józef Banaszak (Bydgoszcz) Prof. Dr. Sędzimir Klimaszewski (Katowice) Prof. Dr. Czeslaw Blaszak (Poznań) Prof. Dr. Andrzej Leśniak (Kielce) Dr. Wiesław Bogdanowicz (Warszawa) Prof. Dr. Wojciech Niedbała (Poznań) Dr. Thomas Bolger (Dublin) Dr. Bogusław Petryszak (Kraków) 1 Prof. Dr. Michał Brzeski](Skierniewice) Prof. Dr. Adolf Riedel (Warszawa) Prof. Dr. Jarosław Buszko (Toruń) Dr.