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HORIZONS 2020 Singaporedsta DSTA HORIZONS EDITORIAL TEAM DSTA HORIZONS 2020 www.dsta.gov.sg SingaporeDSTA DSTA HORIZONS EDITORIAL TEAM Editor Tan Yang How Members Chang Chai Fung Loke Yim Peng Cheng Siew Yen Low Shih Wei Stella Chong Oi Yin Karen Ng Chew Poh Charles Chua Siew Ting Pearly Teo Chong Lai Heng Chye Hwee Teo Hoon Beng Ho Kwee Peng Juli Teo Tiat Leng Koh Yong Hong Tham Kin Mun Lee Chin Siong Daryl Wong Chia Sern Li DeLun Dominic Yap Kah Leng Lim Shi Hui Zee Sow Wai Lin Jyh Fang Kelvin Technical Editor Professor Khoo Boo Cheong Temasek Laboratories National University of Singapore Readers can access current and past issues of DSTA Horizons at www.dsta.gov.sg/dstahorizons We welcome your feedback. Please send all correspondence to: DSTA Horizons Editorial Team DSTA Academy 1 Depot Road Singapore 109679 Email: [email protected] DSTA Horizons Issue 15 ISSN 2339-529X (print) ISSN 2339-5303 (online) ©2020 Defence Science and Technology Agency No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the Defence Science and Technology Agency, Singapore. The opinions and view expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defence Science and Technology Agency, Singapore. All information correct at time of publication. CONTENTS 2 Editorial 4 Designing the Hunter Armoured Fighting Vehicle PEH Boon Pin William, WONG Ying Tat, WONG Sai Hong Caleb, NG Kin Loong Bryan 14 Achieving Environmental Sustainability for MINDEF and the SAF LEE Eng Hua, TAN Tze Leng, KUEK Choon Han, CHUNG Yee Peng Jolene 26 Towards a Data-Enabled Organisation KOH Lay Tin, CHONG Yonghui Benjamin, LIM Hui Yi Florence 36 The Development of a Synthetic Battlespace TEO Chong Lai, SIM Kwang Lip Dave, SEET Yew Siang, LEE Mun Hong, HO Eng Kian 44 Hybrid Approach for Cost-Effective Development of Explosive Storehouses KANG Kok Wei, SEAH Chong Chiang, KOH Yong Hong 58 Operating and Supporting Three Generations of Weapon Locating Radars TAN Jit Yong, LEE Chee Hoong, CHUA Wah Seng 66 Design and Integration of the Littoral Mission Vessels’ Launch and Recovery System for Fast Response Craft WONG Bingxiong David, TAN Yi Ming Justin, CHEW Boon How, KOH Leong Nigel, GAN Su-Shan Tessa 78 Review of Underwater Blast Safety Criteria SIM Gim Young, YUEN Ming Fatt, YAP Kah Leng, NEO Yinghao Anders DSTA HORIZONS | 2020 EDITORIAL Tan Yang How President DSTA Academy This special year marks DSTA’s 20th anniversary. It is Singapore’s sustainable future by being early adopters also one of unprecedented change due to the COVID-19 of innovative green technology, delivering sustainable outbreak where amid new crises and challenges, DSTA has camps and bases, implementing initiatives in a broad- continued to provide engineering support and innovative based manner, and promulgating good practices through solutions to the nation. The 15th edition of DSTA Horizons projects and developments. thus puts forth eight articles carefully curated to show the diverse competencies and expertise within DSTA that Providing an overview of DSTA’s data-centric strategy to enable it to develop and implement cost-effective systems help the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and the Singapore solutions for the defence and security of Singapore. Armed Forces (SAF) achieve data-enabled transformation is the article ‘Towards a Data-Enabled Organisation’, The first article‘Designing the Hunter Armoured Fighting which also covers the Fleet Management System initiative Vehicle (AFV)’ discusses new design approaches in that demonstrates the exploitation of instrumentation the development of the Hunter AFV to address resource data and data analytics on military platforms to improve constraints while realising the next bound of networked the readiness of platforms, streamline maintenance, warfighting capabilities for the Singapore Army. It also and reduce operating costs. Following which, ‘The highlights innovations in the systems engineering process Development of a Synthetic Battlespace’ explores the to develop a more comprehensive suite of design tools approach in developing a synthetic battlespace to support and testing methodologies, for agility in verifying and new capability development. It shares how DSTA leveraged validating complex systems. This is followed by the article modelling and simulation technology to create a digital twin ‘Achieving Environmental Sustainability for MINDEF of the battlespace to support System-of-Systems and new and the SAF’ which outlines how DSTA contributes to Concept of Operations development. 2 DSTA HORIZONS | 2020 The fifth article‘Hybrid Approach for Cost-Effective emerging technology to enhance safety and operability are Development of Explosive Storehouses’ shows how also discussed. The last article ‘Review of Underwater our project management teams strive for continuous Blast Safety Criteria’ examines past developments improvement in their support for MINDEF and the SAF. in underwater blast safety criteria and compares the It covers a systematic effort to develop new explosive associated experimental results with safety standards from containment facilities that have the capability to mitigate various sources. While studies in the field are ongoing, it is fragment and debris hazards, by tapping knowledge in critical to stay up-to-date with international researchers and using a combination of small-scale explosive testing and developments to enhance the understanding of underwater numerical modelling of large-scale structures. ‘Operating blast effects on divers and the associated underwater and Supporting Three Generations of Weapon Locating blast safety criteria. Radars (WLR)’ traces the evolution of radar technologies, capabilities, as well as operations and support practices We hope readers find this issue of DSTA Horizons over three generations of WLRs. It also identifies the trade- informative and interesting. The compilation of articles offs as operational and maintenance support practices offers insights into the various fields of technology, both evolve. ‘Design and Integration of the Littoral Mission defence-related and otherwise, that DSTA is involved Vessels' Launch and Recovery System (LARS) for in. It also reflects the passion and commitment of the Fast Response Craft’ compares the designs of LARS authors and reviewers inspired to share insights into their and outlines the integration process for stern ramp LARS endeavours. We hope that DSTA Horizons will continue to applicable for multi-role naval vessels. Future directions be an integral platform for learning and sharing within the in continual design improvements and incorporation of defence technology community, for many issues to come. DSTA HORIZONS | 2020 3 DESIGNING THE HUNTER ARMOURED FIGHTING VEHICLE PEH Boon Pin William, WONG Ying Tat, WONG Sai Hong Caleb, NG Kin Loong Bryan ABSTRACT As militaries around the world continuously modernise their warfighting machines and equipment, there is an impetus to be innovative in the way systems are designed and built, to stay at the forefront of technology and engineer a new generation of capabilities that provides a force multiplier effect at reasonable cost. As budget, manpower and time are finite, system requirements need to be cautiously balanced with the availability of such resources. Beyond the traditional focus on safety, quality and total life cycle support, this article discusses new design approaches in the development of the Hunter Armoured Fighting Vehicle to address resource constraints commonly faced by other militaries while realising the next bound of networked warfighting capabilities for the Singapore Army. The article also highlights innovations in the systems engineering process to develop a more agile and comprehensive suite of design tools (e.g. design innovation, 3D Computer-Aided Design modelling) and testing methodologies (e.g. systems integration lab, progressive testing methodology) for verifying and validating complex systems, as well as expediting the deployment of new capabilities. Keywords: Hunter AFV, design approaches, systems engineering, systems integration INTRODUCTION The Hunter Armoured Fighting Vehicle (AFV) was designed and developed by a multi-disciplinary team in DSTA in collaboration with the Singapore Army and defence partners, to replace the ageing fleet of Ultra M113 AFVs. As the Army’s first fully digitalised platform, it provides Singapore’s armoured forces with enhanced lethality, protection, mobility and networked capabilities. It comes with advanced fighting capabilities that allow a four-fold increase in its area of operations with 20% less manpower. The Hunter AFV was designed with logistical considerations upfront in the system design to enable approximately 40% reduction in operations and support (O&S) costs as compared to existing armoured vehicles. As the overall systems integrator, the team introduced new design approaches to incorporate the latest technologies and operational concepts for the Hunter AFV, while ensuring that its underlying architecture remains agile in responding to the rapidly changing technology landscape and shortening the time to field future capabilities. The Hunter AFV made its public debut during the system commissioning in June 2019 and was showcased at National Day Parade 2019 (see Figure 1). Figure 1. Hunter AFVs on display during National Day Parade 2019 4 DSTA HORIZONS | 2020 KEY ENGINEERING CHALLENGES In the journey to design the complex Hunter AFV, the team faced four key challenges: (a)
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