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Soil Analysis for Macro and Micro Utrients from the Bamboo

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Soil Analysis for Macro and Micro Utrients from the Bamboo International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 3 Issue 10, Oct 2018 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 Soil Analysis for Macro and Micro Nutrients from the Bamboo (Ochlandra) growing F orest areas in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Nisha,S.A., Grima, G. & Santhoshkumar, R. Post graduate Department of Botany and Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Coll ege, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Abstract in determining the physical condition, nutrient status In this study ten elements essential for the plant and the chemical properties that help in the growth of growth were analyzed in the soil samples of the plants. Ochlandra travancorica (Bonacaud) and Ochlandra Plants need a number of nutrients to survive wightii (Kallar) from Thiruvananthapuram District, and it is mainly obtained from the soil below. Soil Kerala. The experimental results in the soil samples consists of both macronutrients and micronutrients. analyzed from sub surface revealed the following: Macronutrients are further divided as Primary and K(235.2 and481.6(Kg/ha)),P(17.7 and 12.75 (Kg/ha)), Secondary nutrients. Nitrogen ( N), Phosphorous (P) S (18.96 and 13.8 ppm), Ca ( 160 and 262.5 ppm), and Potassium ( K) are the primary nutrients that Mg (34.5 and 32.25ppm), Zn (0.9 and 0.79 ppm), Fe plants require in large amount. (64 and 38.6 ppm), Mn (14 and 19ppm), and Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and B(0.71 and 0.09 ppm) from the sites of O.wightii and Sulphur (S) are the three secondary nutrients O.travancorica respectively. Further analysis of the required in smaller amounts compared to primary soil physical parameters revealed a pH of 4.8 and 5.4 nutrients. The macronutrients limit or co - limit the and electrical conductivity of 0.08 and 0.22 plant growth and alters the nutrient limitation on land respectively for O.wightii and O.travancorica . (Marklein and Houlton, 2012). Organic carbon in the samples was 1.2% and 2.5% The micronutrients Boron (B), Chlorine respectively. Soil anal ysis is a valuable tool in (Cl), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), nutrient management. It enables prediction and Molybdenum (Mo) and Zinc (Zn) are required in determination of proper amounts of nutrients in a very small amount in the soil but they are as given soil based on its inherent fertility and crop important as the primary nutrients. For most needs. micronutrients, crop uptake is less and critical plant functions are limited if micronutrients are Keywords: Soil, Micronutrients, Macronutrients, unavailable. Ochlandra Ochlandra spp. is excellent soil binders in hilly zones of Kerala. The reed bamboos play an 1. Introduction important role in increasing the fertility and conservation of soil(Sujatha et.al,2008) .The main Soil, the skin of the earth, is the main objective of the soil analysis is to assess the nutrient important Primary component of all the terrestrial supplying power of Ochlandra growing soil collected ecosystems. It consists of organic matter, minerals, from the rese rve forest areas (Kallar and Bonacaud) water, holds gases and organisms. Any change in the of Thiruvananthapuram, which form the basis of natural function of the soil has a potential t o alter the nutrients in the plant body. natural ecosystems present there. Soil sampling helps 70 International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 3 Issue 10, Oct 2018 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 2. Review of Literature with a control. The analysis primarily interprets the Soil occupies the most important part of earth’s pH, Electrical conductivity and Organic carbon of surface that mainly supports plant and that affect the sample and also the control. It focuses on the climate and biological activities (Brady and Weil, Primary plant nutrients like Phosphorous and 2002) . Healthy soils have the ability to recover from Potassium; Secondary plant nutrients Calcium, the environmental disturbances and human Magnesium and Sulphur; Plant micronutrients like exploitation (Ellert et.al, 1997). In extremely acidic Iron, Manganes e, Zinc, Copper and Boron or alkaline soil, many of the plant nutrients remain unavailable fo r plants since it is being converted and 4.1 Ochlandra wightii from Kallar fixed during different reactions. There exist a relation between soil pH and macronutrients like The result of the soil sample collected Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, during the survey studies at a depth of 30cm shows Magnesium and Sulphur. (Dinesh et.al, 2016) that the sample was brown in colour. Soil sample collected from the site of Ochlandra, the pH recorded 3. Materials and Methods was 4.8 when compared to the control 5.4, is a measure of hydrogen ion activity of the soil water The study was conducted in reserve forest areas system and indicates the soil is acidic in nature. pH is at Kallar and Bonacaud, Thiruvananthapuram, more acidic where weathering and rainfall is more Kerala. Both field studies and Laboratory studies advanced. Electrical conductivity in soil water were undertaken. Different spots of sampling near to sys tem was 0.08 and in control it was 0.21, is a the species were located. Top soil with humus and measure of concentration of soluble salts and extent surface litter was scraped away and soil was of salinity in the soil. The values for Organic carbon collected from the shallow subsurface intervals of in the sample are 1.2 and that of control is 1.1, which 30 cm. Two- five samples were randomly selected are below 2% which shows soil lack in organic and a V shaped cut to the plough depth is made. Soil carbon. samples of about 500 g were collected and were air - The Phosphorous level for both control site dried under shade. Root s and any other extraneous and sample site falls in a range which is deficient for materials were manually removed. Soil samples the natural growth of plants. The availability of were collected in the month of October 2017 and the potassium in the soil near to bamboo species is physical and chemical properties were assessed. 235.2, which shows a decline in fertility and a t rend Analysis of the soil sample includes pH (pH meter), towards future deficiencies when compared with that Organic carbon (Walkley Black wet digestion of the control which falls in the low fertility level. method, 1947), Electrical conductivity (Conductivity The fertility level of Calcium and Magnesium was meter), Available macronutrients like Phosphorous less (160 ppm and 34.25 ppm) compared to the (Bray and Kurtz, 1945), Pottasium ( Ammonium control sample (180ppm and 34.5). The presence of acetate extraction method, Flame Photometer), Sulphur in the sample soil was higher (18.96 ppm) Calcium and Magnesium(Ammonium acetate when compared with the control sample (14.04). extractio n method, Atomic Absorbtion The sample soil was absent in Copper while Spectroscopy) Sulphur( Barium chloride the control showed 5 ppm. Hence indicating that the turbidimetric method, Spectrophotometer) and sample is deficient in copper where as in control, available micronutrients like Iron, Manganese, Zinc there is wel l enrichment of Cu in the soil. The and Copper(Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy) and amount of Boron was 0.30ppm in control to that of Boron (Hot water extract)(Manual on soil, plan t, 0.71ppm in sample site. The presence of Iron in the water and organic manure analysis,2013). This data is soil sample was 64ppm whereas in control it was used to analyse and compare the nutrient status of 100ppm which is very high as the normal range for soil and plant. Fe varies between 2. 5 to 4.5 ppm. The sample soil was highly enriched in Manganese. The soil sample 4. Results from the study area show manganese content as In this study ten elements essential for the plant 14ppm when compared with the control it was growth were analysed from the soil samples in the 56ppm in control. The sample soil showed the Kallar and Bonacaud region of Thiruvananthapuram normal range of Zinc and the control soil were District, Kerala. The sample soil has been compared 71 International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 3 Issue 10, Oct 2018 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 enriched in Zinc. It was analysed to be 0.9 ppm and The micronutrients Copper and Boron were absent or 3.2 ppm respectively. The presence of Boron was negligible in both the sample site and the control site. comparatively higher when compared with the The presence of Iron in the soil sample was 38.6ppm sample. It was 0.71 ppm and 0.30 ppm respectively. whereas in control it was 36.3ppm which is The data are represented graphically in Fig.1 and comparatively high. Both the sample soil and soil Fig.2 respectively. from control site when analysed showed that it was rich in Manganese. The presence of Zinc in the sample soil falls in the normal range needed for the plant growth. The micro and macro nutrients of 100 O.travancorica are represented i n Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. 50 Control 0 value in in value ppm Sample Fe Zn Mn Cu B micro nutrients 40.00 Control 20.00 Sample Fig.1. Comparison of micro nutrients of O.wightii in value ppm 0.00 Fe Zn Mn Cu B micro nutrients 300 200 Fig.3 Comparison of micro nutrients of O.travancorica Control 100 0 Sample value in in value ppm P K Ca S Mg macro nutrients 600 400 Control Fig.2. Comparison of macro nutrients of O.wightii 200 Sample value ppm in 0 4.2 Ochlandra travancorica from Bonacaud P K Ca S Mg The soil samples collected from Bonacaud where macro nutrients Ochlandra travancorica is flourishing the pH recorded was 5.4 when compared to the control 5.2.
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