DOCSLIB.ORG

A Toolkit for Integrating Menstrual Hygiene Management (Mhm)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Toolkit for Integrating Menstrual Hygiene Management (Mhm) A TOOLKIT FOR INTEGRATING MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT (MHM) INTO HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE THE FULL GUIDE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACRONYMS The development of this toolkit is supported by The Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises (R2HC) program. The R2HC program is a public health research fund CCCM Camp Coordination Camp IRC International Rescue Committee aiming to improve health outcomes by strengthening Management the evidence base for public health interventions KAP Knowledge Attitude CFS Child Friendly Spaces in humanitarian crises. The R2HC program is the And Practices product of a strategic partnership between the 4 Cs Coordination, Consultation, KII Key Informant Interviews Department for International Development (DFID) Culture, Communication M&E Monitoring And Evaluation and the Wellcome Trust, with ELRHA overseeing the CTP Cash Transfer Programming MHM Menstrual Hygiene Management program’s execution and management. DPO Disabled Persons Organizations NFI Non-Food Item FGD Focus Group Discussion NRC Norwegian Refugee Council FGM Female Genital Mutilation PDM Post Distribution Monitoring HWF Hand washing facility SRH Sexual And Reproductive Health IDP Internally Displaced Person UNFPA United Nations Population Fund Enhanced Learning & Research for Humanitarian IEC Information Education UNHCR United Nations Refugee Agency Assistance (ELRHA) supports partnerships Communication between researchers and practitioners to improve UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund IFRC International Federation the effectiveness of humanitarian action. ELRHA Of The Red Cross WASH Water Sanitation And Hygiene stimulates such partnerships through its programs, INEE Inter-Agency Network for WHO World Health Organization aiming to support the production of research, Education in Emergencies WRA Women Of Reproductive Age innovations, and training that deliver measurable impact in the prevention of and response to global humanitarian crises. © 2017, Columbia University and International Rescue Committee. All rights reserved. This material is under copyright but may be reproduced by any method for educational purposes by anyone working to improve the lives of displaced girls and women in emergency and development contexts, as long as the source is clearly referenced. It should not be reproduced for sale or commercial purposes. First edition, 2017 CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 INTRODUCTION TRAINING CONDUCTING PROVIDING MHM MHM AND MHM AND MHM AND WATER STAFF A NEEDS MATERIALS AND TRANSIT SHELTER AND SANITATION ON MHM ASSESSMENT SUPPLIES FACILITIES Page 7 Page 15 Page 17 Page 21 Page 31 Page 35 Page 39 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 MHM, DISPOSAL MHM AND HYGIENE MHM AND MHM AND MHM AND MHM AND MONITORING AND WASTE PROMOTION & VULNERABLE EDUCATION HEALTH PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT HEALTH EDUCATION POPULATIONS EVALUATION ACTIVITIES Page 49 Page 57 Page 63 Page 67 Page 73 Page 77 Page 83 BACK TO PREFACE CONTENTS 1 Introduction The Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) in Resource Format: The MHM in emergencies Emergencies toolkit aims to provide streamlined toolkit is comprised of 2 main sections, serving The resource has been collaboratively produced 2 Training staff on MHM guidance to support organizations and agencies different functions: by David Clatworthy (International Rescue seeking to rapidly integrate MHM into existing Committee), Margaret Schmitt (Columbia 3 Conducting a needs programming across sectors and phases. This toolkit University, Mailman School of Public Health) assessment MHM IN EMERGENCIES TOOLKIT: was informed by an extensive desk review, qualitative and Dr. Marni Sommer (Columbia University, THE FULL GUIDE. This document serves assessments with a range of humanitarian actors 4 Providing MHM as a more extensive guidance resource. The Mailman School of Public Health) with inputs Materials and Supplies and organizations, and direct discussions with girls chapter structure follows the same structure from displaced adolescent girls and women and and women living in emergency contexts and directly as the sections in the mini-guide, providing humanitarian practitioners and organizations affected by this issue. 5 MHM and Transit deeper discussion on each topic, including key (see acknowledgements).* Toolkit audience: The toolkit was designed to assessment questions, case studies from around 6 MHM and Shelter Please contact Dr. Marni Sommer with any support a range of humanitarian actors involved the world, design considerations, resources for in the planning and delivery of emergency responses. gathering monitoring and feedback, and links to concerns or insights you would like to share 7 MHM and Water and The guidance is therefore aimed to support additional resources. with the MHM in emergencies toolkit team at: Sanitation Facilities 1) program staff directly delivering services; [email protected] 2) program supervisors and country-level staff 8 MHM, Disposal and • MHM IN EMERGENCIES: THE MINI GUIDE. responsible for designing, coordinating and Preferred citation: Sommer, M., Schmitt, M., Waste Management This complementary document provides a monitoring field activities, and 3) technical staff, Clatworthy, D. (2017). A toolkit for integrating brief summary of the key actions necessary for focused on providing technical support and Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) 9 MHM and Hygiene addressing MHM during emergencies. It serves Promotion & Health developing standards. into humanitarian response. (First edit). Education Activities as a quick read to gain a basic understanding New York: Columbia University, Mailman but it is advised to review the complete guide School of Public Health and International 10 MHM and Vulnerable when designing programs or developing Populations Rescue Committee. response activities. 11 MHM and Education 12 MHM and Health PUBLISHED BY: 13 MHM and Protection 14 Monitoring and Evaluation 4 BACK TO CONTENTS 1 Introduction CO-PUBLISHED BY: 2 Training staff on MHM 3 Conducting a needs assessment 4 Providing MHM Materials and Supplies 5 MHM and Transit 6 MHM and Shelter 7 MHM and Water and Sanitation Facilities 8 MHM, Disposal and Waste Management 9 MHM and Hygiene Promotion & Health Education Activities 10 MHM and Vulnerable Populations 11 MHM and Education 12 MHM and Health 13 MHM and Protection 14 Monitoring and Evaluation 5 JUST THE FACTS: UNDERSTANDING MENSTRUATION WHY IT MATTERS? WHAT IS MENARCHE? THE BASICS • Girls who get blood on their clothes are • Menarche is the onset of menstruation. MENSTRUATION IS NORMAL! often teased by teachers, boys or other girls. Girls generally get their first period between ages 11–15, although some can be IT IS THE MONTHLY • Social norms may lead women and girls younger or older. SHEDDING OF BLOOD AND to feel that menstruation is dirty, UTERINE TISSUE AND AN • The first period is generally a surprise! shameful or unhealthy. IMPORTANT PART OF THE Sometimes girls are scared or worried they are sick. They may not know who to REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. • Without access to good menstrual materials ask for advice. TYPICALLY, IT LASTS... and private toilets or washrooms for changing, girls and women may not want • Information about menstruation is 2-7DAYS to go far from home. Teachers may miss frequently passed on from mothers, friends, school, health workers may miss work, and sisters or aunts, and is often a mixture of girls and women may not attend school, go cultural beliefs, superstition and practical THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD to the market or wait in line for supplies. information that is sometimes helpful and IS USUALLY BETWEEN sometimes not. Menstruation is very personal. • In many cultures mothers may feel Women and girls often do not want uncomfortable to talk to their daughters others to know they are menstruating – about periods because it is linked AND even other women and girls. 1 6 to sexuality. TABLESPOONS EACH . MONTH AND CAN BE MESSY. WHAT DO THEY NEED? ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, • A range of materials can be used to • Menstrual periods are irregular and can • Even when using good menstrual NAUSEA, DIARRHEA catch the blood, including a sanitary pad catch girls and women by surprise. This materials, women and girls may be AND HEADACHES (disposable or reusable), a tampon, causes anxiety about finding a bathroom worried about blood stains on their and materials quickly! clothes. ARE COMMON or a piece of cloth in their underwear. BEFORE AND • Menstruation can be messy! Women • Women and girls need access DURING A PERIOD. and girls need a private space with to a private, clean space (toilet or water and soap to clean themselves washroom) to change materials and soiled materials. throughout the day and night and to hygienically dispose of menstrual waste. 1 INTRODUCTION BACK TO CONTENTS 1 Introduction Managing menstruation in resource-poor MHM CHALLENGES FACING GIRLS AND WOMEN IN EMERGENCIES settings is often challenging, especially when 2 Training staff on MHM away from home all day. Such challenges are increased by societal taboos, secrecy and 3 Conducting a needs embarrassment around menstruation. Lack of sanitary assessment During emergencies, girls and women face materials, 4 Providing MHM even greater barriers managing menstruation including Materials and Supplies given the loss of privacy and safety often underwear associated with living in emergency contexts 5 MHM and Transit and the transitory nature of displacement. Lack of private Cultural taboos female friendly 6 MHM and Shelter Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) and restrictions toilets and programming in emergencies involves adjustments related
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel
    Core Concepts for Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel 1 Presenter Russ Olmsted, MPH, CIC Director, Infection Prevention & Control Trinity Health, Livonia, MI Contributions by Heather M. Gilmartin, NP, PhD, CIC Denver VA Medical Center University of Colorado Laraine Washer, MD University of Michigan Health System 2 Learning Objectives • Outline the importance of effective hand hygiene for protection of healthcare personnel and patients • Describe proper hand hygiene techniques, including when various techniques should be used 3 Why is Hand Hygiene Important? • The microbes that cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be transmitted on the hands of healthcare personnel • Hand hygiene is one of the MOST important ways to prevent the spread of infection 1 out of every 25 patients has • Too often healthcare personnel do a healthcare-associated not clean their hands infection – In fact, missed opportunities for hand hygiene can be as high as 50% (Chassin MR, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2015; Yanke E, Am J Infect Control, 2015; Magill SS, N Engl J Med, 2014) 4 Environmental Surfaces Can Look Clean but… • Bacteria can survive for days on patient care equipment and other surfaces like bed rails, IV pumps, etc. • It is important to use hand hygiene after touching these surfaces and at exit, even if you only touched environmental surfaces Boyce JM, Am J Infect Control, 2002; WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, WHO, 2009 5 Hands Make Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) and Other Microbes Mobile (Image from CDC, Vital Signs: MMWR, 2016) 6 When Should You Clean Your Hands? 1. Before touching a patient 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean Your Hands in the Context of Covid-19
    WHO SAVE LIVES: CLEAN YOUR HANDS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 Hand Hygiene in the Community You can play a critical part in fighting COVID-19 • Hands have a crucial role in the transmission of COVID-19. • COVID-19 virus primarily spreads through droplet and contact transmission. Contact transmission means by touching infected people and/or contaminated objects or surfaces. Thus, your hands can spread virus to other surfaces and/or to your mouth, nose or eyes if you touch them. Why is Hand Hygiene so important in preventing infections, including COVID-19? • Hand Hygiene is one of the most effective actions you can take • Community members can play a critical role in fighting COVID-19 to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, by adopting frequent hand hygiene as part of their day-to-day including the COVID-19 virus. practices. https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/safehands-challengeJoin the #SAFEHANDS challenge now and save lives! Post a video or picture of yourself washing your hands and tag #SAFEHANDS https://www.who.int/who-documents-detail/interim-recommendations-on-obligatory-hand-hygiene-against-transmission-of-covid-19WHO calls upon policy makers to provide • the necessary infrastructure to allow people to eectively perform hand hygiene in public places; • to support hand hygiene supplies and best practices in health care facilities. Hand Hygiene in Health Care Why is it important to participate in the WHO global hand hygiene campaign for the fight against COVID-19? • The WHO global hand hygiene campaign SAVEhttps://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/clean-hands/en/ LIVES: Clean Your Hands mobilizes people around the world to increase adherence to hand hygiene in health care facilities, thus protecting health care workers and patient from COVID-19 and other pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish
    pathogens Article Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish Adolescents in Regions Stratified by COVID-19 Morbidity and by Confounding Variables (PLACE-19 Study): Is There Any Association? Dominika Skolmowska 1, Dominika Gł ˛abska 1,* and Dominika Guzek 2 1 Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-22-593-71-34 Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 28 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: The hand hygiene may possibly influence the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the multifactorial influence on hand hygiene knowledge and behaviors is proven. The aim of the study was to analyze hand hygiene behaviors in a national representative sample of Polish adolescents in regions stratified by COVID-19 morbidity, while taking socioeconomic status of the region, as well rural or urban environment, into account as possible interfering factors. The study was conducted Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population (n = 2323) that was recruited based on a random sampling of schools, while the pair-matching procedure was applied within schools and age, in order to obtain adequate number of boys and girls, representative for the general Polish population (n = 1222). The participants were asked about their handwashing habits while using Handwashing Habits Questionnaire (HHQ) and about applied procedure of washing hands.
    [Show full text]
  • Age Distribution of Influenza-Like Illness+ (ILI) Cases in New Hampshire
    Bureau of Infectious Disease Control Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidance for Long-term Care Facilities (LTCF) March 12, 2020 Persons older than 60 years and those with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease may be at higher risk for severe illness and death from COVID-19. Long-term care facilities have experience managing respiratory infections and outbreaks among residents and staff and should apply the same outbreak management principles to COVID-19. These recommendations are specific for nursing homes, including skilled nursing facilities, and may be applicable to some assisted living facilities. The New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services (DPHS) recommends adherence to CMS Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nursing homes. Based on the regional epidemiology, we suggest limiting visitation (rather than the more permissive “discouraging visitation”) as described in CMS guidance. Facilities may elect to implement stricter visitor policies, according to their circumstances including resources and setting. Facilities should immediately implement active screening of visitors. Visitors should be instructed to wash hands or use alcohol-based hand rub upon entry. NH DPHS provides a visitor screening tool here for facilities to utilize. Note this is modified from the CMS tool to more accurately reflect the evolving epidemic. The NH screening tool assesses visitors for the following: o Signs or symptoms of respiratory infection, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. o In the last 14 days, contact with someone with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, or who is under investigation for COVID-19, or is ill with respiratory illness.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Sanitation the Loss of Clean Running Water Or Loss of A
    Emergency Sanitation The loss of clean running water or loss of a functional sewer system after a disaster can dramatically increase the chances of diarrheal diseases and outbreaks. Just one gram of human feces may have 100 parasite eggs, 1,000 parasite cysts, 1 million bacteria, and as many as 10 million viruses! With this risk all around us, it underscores the importance of staying clean and disposing of human and other waste properly after a disaster. Pathogens that may present a risk after a disaster include Escherichia Coli (E. Coli), Leptospirosis, hepatitis A, norovirus, and in some situations Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica. Exposure to disease causing pathogens may occur as a result of contaminated water, sharing of water containers and cooking equipment, or the loss of basic sanitation such as the ability to wash hands thoroughly. Even brushing your teeth with water that is not safe for consumption can result in exposure to pathogens. Avoiding exposure to these pathogens starts with a careful assessment of water quality following a disaster. Because municipal water lines run parallel to sewer lines, even a small break in both lines can result in cross-contamination. Follow guidance from local officials on use of municipal water following a disaster (e.g., shutting off water to house, treating water before use, or flushing system). Once a reliable, clean water source has been established, emphasis should be placed on two key priorities: a) providing a mechanism for personal hygiene and handwashing and b) managing human waste. Personal Hygiene and Handwashing Any questionable tap water used for drinking and personal hygiene (hand-washing, brushing teeth) must be boiled or otherwise disinfected.
    [Show full text]
  • Factsheet: Hand Hygiene
    Sub Factsheet: Hand Hygiene Measure Background Framework.”7 Leapfrog’s new hand hygiene standard replaces the National Quality Forum’s Safe Practice #19 Unclean hands are one of the primary ways pathogens – Hand Hygiene - which had previously been used in the are transmitted throughout the healthcare Leapfrog Hospital Survey. environment. Evidence shows that microorganisms can survive on hands for varying lengths of time, some Leapfrog’s new hand hygiene standard applies to both surviving for multiple hours.1 If those caring for patients hospitals and ASCs and includes five domains: do not take the proper steps to clean their hands, these monitoring, feedback, training and education, pathogens can easily be transmitted from one patient to infrastructure, and culture. The standard encourages another patient. In addition to patient-to-patient facilities to adopt a multimodal approach to hand transfer of pathogens, contaminated hands can also hygiene, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and transfer bacteria to clean surfaces. It is estimated that feedback. up to 13% of contact between contaminated hands and clean surfaces can result in cross-contamination.1 This Hospitals and ASCs meeting the Hand Hygiene risk of spreading bacteria in a healthcare environment standard… makes hand hygiene a pivotal patient safety practice.2 • Adhere to the monitoring domain by: o Collecting hand hygiene compliance data Despite the clear evidence and guidelines for proper on at least 200 hand hygiene hand hygiene procedures, studies have shown that on
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Handwashing in 2017: Annual Research Summary What We Learned About Handwashing in 2017
    The State of Handwashing in 2017: Annual Research Summary What We Learned about Handwashing in 2017 Introduction The Global Burden of Disease study 2016 (GBD 2016) found that from 2006-2016, the number of global deaths attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) decreased by 25%, while lost disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased by more than 35%.1 Among the top ten leading risks in 1990, rates of unsafe sanitation and unsafe water (in addition to child growth failure) have declined the most over the period of 1990–2016. However, in low socio-demographic index (SDI) countries, unsafe WASH is still the third largest contributor to the global burden of disease at 7.8% of DALYs. It is estimated that inadequate hand hygiene results in nearly 300,000 deaths annually, with the majority of deaths being among children younger than 5 years old.2 In this summary, we outline key themes and findings from 117 handwashing-related research papers published in 2017. Findings are summarized in narrative form, with methodology and findings of individual studies summarized in tables. This summary presents the overarching findings of the literature on handwashing published in 2017, and explores specific data and context. Findings are categorized by six key themes: • Access and coverage (page 1) • Benefits of handwashing with soap (page 2) • Measuring handwashing compliance (page 5) • Handwashing behavior change (page 8) • Drivers of handwashing (page 12) • Measuring the efficacy of handwashing hardware including various types of soaps and rubs (page 16). Access and Coverage Research continues to show disparities in access to water and soap for handwashing at the household level in low and middle-income countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Hygiene As the Basic Method of Reducing Clostridium Difficile Infections (CDI) in a Hospital Environment
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine REVIEW ARTICLE www.aaem.pl Hand hygiene as the basic method of reducing ONLINE FIRST Clostridium difficile infectionsONLINE (CDI) in a hospital FIRST environment Zofia Maria Kiersnowska1,A-D , Ewelina Lemiech-Mirowska1,2,B-C , Michał Michałkiewicz3,E-F , Michał Marczak4,F 1 Project InterDoktorMen, Medical University of Lodz, Poland 2 Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland 3 University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poznan, Poland 4 Department of Management and Logistics in Health Care, Medical University of Lodz, Poland A – Research concept and design, B – Collection and/or assembly of data, C – Data analysis and interpretation, ONLINE FIRST ONLINED – Writing the article, E – Critical revision of the article,FIRST F – Final approval of article Kiersnowska ZM, Lemiech-Mirowska E, Michałkiewicz M, Marczak M. Hand hygiene as the basic method of reducing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in a hospital environment. Ann Agric Environ Med. doi: 10.26444/aaem/131121 Abstract Introduction. Clostridium difficile spores, due to their ability to adapt to adverse conditions in a hospital environment, cause enormous difficulties associated with the effective decontamination of surfaces and equipment. Elimination of this pathogen is possible through effective implementation of the hand hygiene procedure by all hospital employees. Scientific research indicates that a properly adopted hand washing procedure reduces the risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) by half. Objective. The aim of the study was to indicate the sources of nosocomial infections, mainly Clostridium difficile infection, and methods to limit them, with particular attention paid to the proper hand hygiene of the medical staff, which plays a fundamental role in the transmission of infections between hospitalized patients.
    [Show full text]
  • HAND HYGIENE for ALL © UNICEF/UNI331535/Ilako © WHO/WHO 059210
    HAND HYGIENE FOR ALL © UNICEF/UNI331535/Ilako © WHO/WHO_059210 A CALL TO ACTION FOR ALL OF SOCIETY TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO HAND HYGIENE1 Three billion people – 40 per cent of the world’s compliance with hand hygiene best practices population – do not have a place in their homes can be as low as 8 per cent.3 This puts teachers, to wash their hands with water and soap. Three doctors, nurses, patients – all of us – at risk. quarters of those who lack access to water and soap live in the world’s poorest countries and This must change. are amongst the most vulnerable: children and families living in informal settlements, migrant and The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark reminder that refugee camps, or in areas of active conflict. This one of the most effective ways to stop the spread puts an estimated 1 billion people at immediate of a virus is also one of the simplest: hand hygiene. risk of COVID-19 simply because they lack basic It not only protects us from contracting the disease, handwashing facilities.2 but also stops transmission to other people. Hand hygiene facilities are lacking even in places To beat the virus today – and be better prepared where they are most needed: nearly half of all for future pandemics – universal access to hand schools do not have handwashing facilities with hygiene must become a reality for everyone, in all water and soap, affecting 900 million school- settings, especially in health care facilities, schools age children. Forty-three per cent of health care and crowded public spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Who, What, Where, When, How and Why” of Hand Hygiene
    1 Hand Hygiene WRHA Infection Prevention & Control Learning Booklet The “who, what, where, when, how and why” of Hand Hygiene 2 WHO should be practicing Hand Hygiene? EVERYONE! Hand hygiene is important not only for healthcare providers; everyone needs to be practicing appro- priate and effective hand hygiene regardless of work setting WHAT is Hand Hygiene? Hand Hygiene includes cleaning hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub in order to remove germs, also known as microorganisms 3 Hand Hygiene WHERE should you perform Hand Hygiene? Hand hygiene is important in all work settings, including Acute Care, Long Term Care Facilities, Community and Corporate sites. Busy health care providers need access to hand hygiene products at point of care where patient/resident/client (PRC) or PRC environment contact is taking place. POINTS OF CARE The PRC The Healthcare Provider Care involving contact 4 Why do we need to learn about Hand Hygiene? Hand hygiene is the most important way to prevent the spread of germs. Hand Hygiene helps keep you healthy by reducing the number of germs on your hands and helps reduce the spread of germs to your PRC, family, friends, or coworkers. Using appropriate hand hygiene prevents contamination of the PRC’s environment. When do you perform Hand Hygiene? There are FOUR MOMENTS when Hand Hygiene is performed: 1. BEFORE initial PRC or PRC environment contact 2. BEFORE aseptic or clean procedure 3. AFTER body fluid exposure risk 4. AFTER PRC or PRC environment contact 5 Hand Hygiene MOMENT 1 BEFORE initial PRC or PRC environment contact.
    [Show full text]
  • WASH in Schools
    WASH in Schools Empowers Girls’ Education in Rural Cochabamba, Bolivia An Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Management in Schools WASH in Schools fosters social inclusion and individual self-respect. By offering an alternative to the stigma and marginalization associated with hygiene issues, it empowers all students – and especially encourages girls and female teachers. In recognition of the positive impact on girls’ school attendance and achievement, initiatives around the world are addressing adolescent girls’ menstrual hygiene management (MHM) needs through WASH in Schools programming. Such interventions are increasingly implemented in both development and humanitarian emergency contexts. In 2012, UNICEF and the Center for Global Safe Water at Emory University initiated a programme to support collaborative research focused specifically on exploring the MHM challenges faced by female students in Bolivia, the Philippines, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. The project includes developing or strengthening MHM-related programming in schools in those countries. Emory University sent research fellows to work with UNICEF and its in-country WASH in Schools partners on the programme. The assessment activities conducted and themes explored were guided by an ecological framework that covers societal, environmental, interpersonal, personal and biological factors. Questions for qualitative data collection were created to investigate and understand the personal challenges and needs girls have during menstruation in the school setting. The results are now published as a series of reports, including ‘WASH in Schools Empowers Girls’ Education in Rural Cochabamba, Bolivia: An Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Management in Schools’. Suggested citation: Long, Jeanne, Bethany A. Caruso, Diego Lopez, Koenraad Vancraeynest, Murat Sahin, Karen L. Andes and Matthew C.
    [Show full text]
  • Actionable Patient Safety Solution (APSS) #2A: HAND HYGIENE
    Actionable Patient Safety Solution (APSS) #2A: HAND HYGIENE Executive Summary Checklist In order to establish a program to improve hand hygiene and reduce healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), the following implementation plan will require actionable steps. The following checklist was adapted from the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework.1 ▢ Commitment from Hospital governance and senior administrative leadership to address this major performance gap in their own organization by taking action. ▢ Mandate a hand hygiene protocol that is supported by hospital leadership, ▢ Continually monitor hand hygiene and post results - the goal is 100% compliance. ▢ System change to ensure that alcohol-based handrub is easily available, there is a continuous supply of clean running water and soap at each sink, and a budget to replenish alcohol-based hand rubs. ▢ Dedicated hand hygiene team dedicated to the promotion and implementation of optimal hand hygiene practice in the facility. Include patients and visitors in the overall plan. ▢ Mandatory training for all professional categories at commencement of employment, then ongoing regular training (at least annually) ● Educational resources easily available to all health-care workers (ex: WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health-care: A Summary) ● System in place for training and validation of hand hygiene compliance observers. ● Dedicated budget that allows for hand hygiene training ▢ Evaluation and Feedback ● Ward infrastructure survey regarding availability of hand hygiene products and facilities performed annually. ● Indirect monitoring of hand hygiene compliance through consumption of alcohol-based handrub and soap. ● Direct monitoring of hand hygiene compliance through hand hygiene monitoring technologies. ● Immediate feedback to healthcare workers at the end of each hand hygiene compliance observation session.
    [Show full text]