Voyager: Voll. V Dec. 2011, 88-9i: 2011 ,SS,V..097&7436 : INDEXED AND ABSIRACTED 88

REVIEW OF STUDIES + INFISHES OFINDIA

Shub\ia Mathur, Seema Jain, Manu Vanna andAnumohini Department Of Zoology,R.GP.G College, Meerut

Introduction are the most reliable Otoliths are dense calcareous bony ageing structure in a number of sfrncture found in the inner ear of . . There is significant conelation Hearing and balancing functions are between otolith length and weight with carried out by this part. They are the fish size. It is useful to determine the first had part formed in the fi sh and grow age of the candidate species. The continuously by successive deposition knowledge of age and growth of an of mineral-rich calcium carbonate econornically important fi sh is essential (aragonite) and protein-rich layers. for understanding the age composition Otoliths are metabolically inert, not of the stocks and the role of various zubject to reabsorption and remodelling class-years in the . It is also by grow0r and tlreir ctraracteristic shape essential to determine the mortality and will not be affected by fi sh preservation. sr.rnrival rate ofvarious year-classes and Having these qualities, otoliths proved success of the yearly broods after themselves as good recorders of life recnritnent The age of fistres at different historyofthe fish and its surrounding periods oftheirlives is determined after environment. While the otolith the study ofthe growth rings found in morphology is species-specific, the the otoliths, scales and other bony parts. pattem of growth rings in an otolith Recent studies on otolith helped to microstructure reveals the age and provide a reliable estimate of age temporal growth of the fish in relation to information with accurate and precision the environmental conditions whereas of clear growth pattern in life stages. the elemental composition can answer Otolith is widely used in the study of questions on its prmccupied and cunent stod$ identificationessential forfislreries habitat features. Avast array ofresearch management Accordingly, knowledge has been conducted on a wide variety ofage and growth is ofvital importance offishes based on otolith analyses. in the fi sheries management. @ 2014 Joumal Anu Eooks Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. l. Voyager: Voil. U Dec.2014,88-95:2014 89 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED Recent studies illustrate how Saetersdal (1958) is that the otolith otoliths microstructure data have been being a more sensitive organ than the used to reveal environmental influences scales records smaller changes in the onlarvalgrowtlqtaitsthatleadtohigher conditions of the fish than does the (1961) survivorship ryechanisms of, larval scales. Venkatasubba Rao transport, dynarnics of dispersai and studied the age of "Ghol", populationconnec{vitywerecarriedout Pseudosciaena diacanthus and statistically si}nificant difference (Lacepede) using scales and otoliths. betweenthemwas found. Narayanan Kutty (1962) described In the presentlaPer the recent scales and otoliths of the koth developments made in in this Otolithoides brunneus as age discipline of is briefly indicators. In Pseudosciaena reviewed. diacanthus the annuli ranged from a NationalReview single one in afish of 44.6 cm (mean Work on fish otoliths was length) to as many as eight in fish of 1 1 5.3 also showed initiated in India in thirties by Rao cmmean lenglh. Otoliths opaque zones, the distances (l 935) on Psettodes erumei. hyaline and between successive hyaline zones being Chacko et al (1948) worked measured and taken for back- on the radii ofthe scales of Hilsa ilishs calculation ofthe fish lengtts at different (Ham.) as an index ofgrowth and age. ages. Narayanan Kutty (1962) found Chidambaram and KrishnamurthY cne annulus in the smallest specimen of (1951) presented growth rings in the 140-149 cm (mean length) in. In both rnackerel otoliths. Seshappa et o1.., the species the results from scales and (1951); Seshappa and Bhimachar otoliths were in fair agreement. (1951, 1955); Seshappa's (1958) Krishnayya (1968) worked on the use described growth annuli inthe scales of otoliths in the determinations of age ofthe' ghol' P s eudos ciaerw diacanthus and growth of the Gangetic whiting, and Chidambaram et al., (1951) panyzs (Ham.) in the Hooghly observed growthrings inthe otoliths of . Srinivasa Rao (1971) also the Indian mackerel Rastrellliger conoborated the validity ofthe rings and kanagurta Russel. Radhakrishnan nafure in the 'ghol'. He also and Campana (1954) described their annual found a larval ring (perhaps equivalent occurrence of growth rings on the to the larval ring reported by other otoliths of the Indian whiting, Sillago authors in some fishes) but he differed sihama. One of the causes for the from Venkatasubba Rao (1961) who formation of 'larval rings' as stated by

@ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues' l. Voyager: Voll. Dec. 2014, 88-95: 2014 V 90 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED thought that the cause of annuli Gujarat and Maharashtra , and formation was multiple, including both found I , 2 , 3 and 4 annuli respectively external (environmental) factors and in the fi sh measuring24.6, 3 4.6, 46.5 inherent physiological rhythms in the and 52.0 cm respectively in length. He fishes. observed that temperature is responsible SestrHppa ( I 972) discussed the for the formation of the rings and that problem of agg"determination in the they were not spawning marks because Indian macferel, Rastrelliger two rings were already formed when the kanagurta (Cuvier) by means of scales frst spawning occurred. and otoliths. Muglya (1972) studied Jayaprakash (1973) made a aberrant sagittas of teleostean fishes. preliminary study on the use of vertebrae Qasim (1973) stated that most of the of fish for age determination. There is tropical fishes have a short life span of no literature available on the biology of 2-3 years and mature when they are I - this fish. Hence investigation was 2years old, except a few species such undertaken by the auilror from January as Otolithoides brunneus, Trichiurus 1970 on its biolory. His work deals wittr haume la, P s eudo s ciaena dia- c anthus the age and gro*th ofthejuveniles based and Lethrinus lentjan, and those fishes on a study of length-frequency from inland waters of northern India distibutioru scales and otoliths. showing well defined seasonal cycles of The Indian estuarine fi sheries growth. Jayaprakash (197 6) described consist ofseveral edible fishes ofwhich age and growth using otoliths of the nine species of whitings belonging to juveniles of koth, Otolithoides Family (: S illago). brunneus (Day) in Bombay waters. These species are found distibrrted from Karakiri et al., (1989) presented the Hooglyestuary inthe eastcoastto preliminary notes on the formation of the Bhadreswar estuary in the west daily increments in otoliths of (BalandRao, 1984). Oreochromis aureus and described Nolf (1 99 1) described a small daily gowttrpattems in otolittrs oflarval fauna from the middle to late Eocene and juvenile plaice Pleuronectes from eastern Pakistan, followed by a platessa as influenced by temperature, more substantial paper on middle salinity and light conditions. Deshmukh Eocene otoliths from India and Java (1973) found good annuli in both scales (Nolf &Bajpai, 1992). Seshappa, and otoliths in the 'karkara' Pomadasys (1999) explained thatAge and growttr- hasta and studied them for about six rate are two important parameters which years from the tawler landings along the influence population dynamics in @ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. A Voyager: Voil. U Dec. 2A14 88-95: 2014 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED fishes..Generally,ageoffishesestimated otoliths from the Ypresian of Vastan, by enumerating the growth marks laid Gujarat. down in otoliths and other skeletal Jawad(2007) presented a structures such as vert€brae, dorsal comparative morphology of the otoliths spine, opercular-bones, pectoral spines, ofthe tiple fins(Family: Tripterygiidae). scales 0r fin rays (Pollock, 1981; Bal Saini et al., (2008) described and Rao, I 984; Polgt and Gumus, 1995; comparative morphometrics of two Seshappa, 1999)l Seshappa (1999) populations of giant river cafrsh (lt lysttts explained recent studies on age seenghala) from the Indus River determination of Indian fishes using system. K. V. Radhak'rishnan et al scales, otoliths and other hard parts. (2009),explained that Otoliths are the The first Ypresian otoliths from biological CD-ROMs of fish and the India were mentioned by Samant otolith applications can be classified &Bajpai(200 I ),who figured six taxa, under the following aspects: (l )Age and withtentative identifications at the frmilial growth estimatior\ (2) Early life history orsub-ordinal level. Finally, Bajpai and recruitment, (3) Habitat shifts and Kapur (2004) describedtwo species of migration, (4) Stock determination and gobiods, at the Vastan Lignite Mine (5) others. (Ypresian ),which is the same locality Shamshan et ol (2010) has th,at provided the otoliths sttudied herein. worked on the study of age and growth Samant et al., (2001) studied fish of Indian sand wliting , Silago siharna otoliths fromthe subsurface Cambay from Zuari estuary, Goa. Sukar et al, Shale (Lower Eocene), Surat Lignite (2010) studied biodiversity, Field, Gujarat(ndra). ecohydrology, threat status and Bajpai et al., (2004) presented conservation priority of the freshwater oldest known gobiids from !'astan fishes ofriver Gomti, a fibutary ofriver Lignite Mine (early Eocene), District Ganga (India) based on shape indices Surat, Gujarat. Annappaswarrry et al., ofotoliths and external outline analysis (2004) studied length- weight showing that otolith shape is apowerfirl relationship of Indian sand whiting, indicator for population discrimination Sillago sihama in Mulki estuary, Shahista et al., (2011) described Mangalore. Ramcharitar, et al., Q004) comparison of age estimates from studied form and function in the unique otoliths,vertebrae, and pectoral spines inner ear of a teleost the silver perch. inAfrican sharp tooth catfish, Clarias Nolf e/ al (2006) worked on fish gariepinus(Burchell). Sajina et al., (201 1) sfudied stock structure analysis

@ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues' ^ Voyager: Voll. V Dec.2011,88-95:2014 92 ISSN :0976-7136 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, Rajasthan. The annual rings orannuli 1758)alongthelndiancoastbasedon and growth data in samples were truss network analysis. Khan et al., observed and used to estimate selected (20 I 2) reported morphometic variation growth parameters. High value of of snakehead $sh, Channa punctatus, conelation coefficient evident and qpeak population frorn tliree krdianrivers. Pillai for strong correlation in total length of et al., (2012)\xplained Biology, fishandscaleradius. Mathw, 20l4has Fishery, Conserrration and Management worked on otoliths morphology of four oflndianOceanTunaFisheries. Pawan species otChanna of Meerut region Kumar e/. dl., (2012) studied and also observed the statistical comparative otolith morphology of relationship betweenFish lengthwith sciaenid's occurring along the north - otolithlengthandFishmasswithotoliths westcoastoflndia. rnass. Shubhra et al2}l4hasreviewed ln}}l2,growth performance tlresignificanceofFishotolithstaxonomy. of Indian major carp (Catla catla, Onreviewingtheliteraturethe authors Ham. 1822) was studied using key havecometotheconclusionthatotoliths scales in three different sized water studiesonlndianfishesbothmarineand bodies namely Mahi Bajaj Sagar freshwaterare still inits infancy. Less (MBS), SurvaniaDam (SD) andAasan than |O%ofthetotal fish qpecies known Pond (AP) situated in the tribal have been studied so far for otoliths dominated Banswara district of morpholory. References Annappaswamy T S, Reddy H R V & Nagesh T S (2004) - Length- weight relationship oflndiansand wltttng,Sillago sihamarnMulki estuary, Mangalore. . Inland Fish. Soc. India, 36,18-22. Bajpai, S., Kapur, V. V. (2004) - Oldest known gobiids from Vastan Lignite Mine (early Eocene), District Surat, Gujarat. Curr:, Sci., 87(4):433435. Bal, D. V., Rao, K. V., (1984) - Marine fisheries. Tata Mc GrawHill Publishing Company, New Delhi pp : 51-73. Chacko, P.I., Zubairi,A.R.K., B.Krishnamurthy (1948) -The radii ofthe scales of Hilsa ilisha $larrrilton) as an index of growth and age. Curr. Sci., 5: 158-159. Chidambaram, K. and C. G Krishnamurttry(1951)- Growthrings inthe otoliths ofthe Indian mackerel ,R astrelliger karagurta Russel. Proc. 3 8th Session, Indian Science Congress Association, 1951. Abstracts, Part III, p.223. D. Noll R.S. Rana & H.Singh; (2006).Fish otoliths from the Ypresian (early Eocene ) ofVastan ,Gujarat ,. India.Sciences de la terre rT6;105-1181006.

@ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. JABl. Voyager: Voll. V Dee.2014,88-95:2011 gg ISSI'/:0976-7436 : INDE)(€D AND ABSTRACTED Deshmukh, V.M. (1973)- Fishery and bioloryofPo madasys hasla @loch). Indian J. Fish., 20(l&2) . 497 -522. Jawad, L. A. (2007) - Comparative morphology of the otolith ofthe triplefins (family: Tripterygiidae). J. Nat. History 4lz90l-924. Jayaprakash. (1$76) - Age and growth of the juveniles of koth Otolithoides brunneus (day) in tombay waters. Indian J. Fish., 23(l&2)z 86-96. K. V. Radhakrishfun, W. He, M. Liu and S. Xie (2009) -the biological CD- ROMs of fish. CURR. SCI., VOL. 97, NO. 8' Karakiri, M., Berghalur, R., Westemhagen, H. V. (1989) - Growth differences in 0- group plaice ileufinectes platessa as revealed by otolith nnicrostructure analysis. Mar. EcoI. Prog. Ser.,55:15-22. Kaxakiri, M., Westemhagen, H. Von. (1989) - Daily growth pattems in otoliths of larval andjuvenile plaice (P/e uronectes platessa): influence oftemperature, salinity, and light conditions. Rapp.Pv. Reun. Cons.Int. Explor. Mer 191:376-382. Khan MA, K Miyan, S Khan. (2012)- Morphometric variation of snakehead fish, Channa punctatus, population frorn three Indian rivers. J. Appt. Ichthyol. early view do i: 1 0. I 1 I 1 I i.l 439 -0 426.20n.A2058.x. Krishnayya, C. G (1968) - On the use of otoliths in the determinations of age and growth ofthe Gangetic whiting, Sillago paniius (Ham. Buch.), with notes on its fishery inthe Hooghly Estuary. Indian J. Fish., 10(A):391-a12. Kumar, P., Chakraborl.y', S.K. andJaiswar,A.K., (2012)- Comparative otoliths morphology of sciaenids occuring along the north - west coast of India" Indian J. Fish.,59(4) z 19-27. Mathur, S. (2014) - Comparative studies of Otolith innative species ofGenus Channa(Ctr.) with reference to taxonomic importance. Ph.D thesis, C.C.S. University, Meerut. Mathur,S., Jain S and Varma, M. (2014)- Fish otoliths and their significance in . Journal of Exp. Zool. India, Vol. 1 7,No.2 pp407 -410. Mugiya Y. (1972) - On aberrant sagiuas ofteleostean fishes. J.Ichthyol'19:11- 14. N.Gopalakrishna Pillai and Palanisamy Satheeshkumar (2012) -Biology, Fishery Conservation and Management oflndian Tuna Fisheries . Ocean Sci' J. 47(4):4fl-a$.

@ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. A Voyager: Voll. Dec. 2014, 88-95: 2011 V 94 ISSN :0976-7436 : TNDEXED AND ABSTRACTED Narayanan KutE, M. (1962)- Scales and otoliths of the koth, Otholoides brunneus(Day) as age indicators" Indian J. Fish.,8(1): 145-151 (1961). Nolf, D., Bajpai, S. (1992) - Marine Middle Eocene fish otoliths from India and Java. Bull. K. Belg.Inst, Nat. Wet., 62:195-221. Polat, N., Gqpus, A. K. ( I 995) - Age determination of spiny dog frsh, Squalus acanthias t. 1758 in Black Sea waters. The Isreali J. Fish., 46(1)z 17-24. Qasim, S. Z. (\973) - Some implications ofthe problem ofage and growth in marine fishes from the Indian waters. Indian J. Fish., 20 : 351-370. Radhakrishnffi, N. (1954) - Occurrence of growth rings on the otoliths of the Indian whiting, Silfago sihama. Curr. Sci., 23(6):1 96-197 . Ramcharitar, J., Deng, X., Ketten, D., Popper,A. N. (2004) - Form and frurction in the unique inner ear of a teleost: the silverperch. J. Comp. Neurologyr 4T5: 531-539. Rao, S. Ranga l935.Astudyoftheotoliths of Psettodes erumei (Bl.& Schn.) Proc. 21st Session of Indian Science Congress Assn., Calcutta, Abstracts, Part III,319. Saetersdal, G. (1958) - Use of otoliths and scales in theArctic haddock. Intern. Comm. N. W.Atl. Fish. Some problems forthe biological fishery survey and techniques for their solution. Spec. Publ. No. l:201-206. Saini A, A Dua, V Mohindra. (2008) - Comparative morphometrics of two populations ofgiantrivercatfish(Mystus seenghala) fromthe IndusRiver system. Integrative ZooL3 z 2D 426. Sajina AM, SK Chakrabortya, AK Jaiswara, D. Sudheesan. (2011) - Stock structure analysis of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along the lndian coast based on truss network analysis. Fish. Res. 108: 100-105. Samant, B., Bajpai, S. (2001) - Fish otoliths from the subsurface Cambay Shale (LowerEocene), SuratLigniteField, Gujarat(India). Curr:, Sci.,81(7):758-759. Sarkar UK, BK Gupta, WS Lakra. (2010) - .Biodiversity, ecohydrology, threat status and conservation priority ofttre freshwater fishes ofriver Gomti, a tibutary ofriver Ganga (India). Environmentalist 30: 3-17. Seshapp4 G (1972) - The problem ofage determination in the lndian mackerel, Rastrelliger knnagurta (Cuvier) by means ofscales and otoliths. Indian J. Fish., 16(1&2): 14-18(1969). Seshappa, G., Bhimachar, B. S. (1951) -Age determination studies in fishes by means of scales with special reference to the malabar sole, Cynoglossus .coqif( vinh, e f\ey C 'rrl" Soi, rn fi.260,-'t 6'l @ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. ,,\ Voyager: Voll. V Dec.2014,88-95:2014 95 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED Seshappa. G (1999) - Recent studies on age determination of Indian fishes using scales, otoliths and other hard parts. Indian J. X'ish., 46(l). Shahista Khffi, M. AfzalKhan, and Kaish Miyan. (2011) - Comparison of age estimates from otoliths, vertebrae, and pectoral spines inAfrican sharptooth catfistr, Clarias gariepirys @urchell) Estonian Journal of Ecolory,,6013, 183-193 doi: 1 0.3 1 7 6 I eco.2011.3.02 Shamsan E.F. & $s aiZ.A(2010) - Study of age and growth of Indian sand whiting , sillago sihama(Forsskal) from Zuari eastury, Goa..Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol, 39(1), March 2010,pp.68-73. Venkatasubba Rao ( I 961 )- Studies on the age determination ofthe "Ghol' Pseudo- sciaena diacanthus (Lacepede) by means of scales and otoliths. Indian J. Fish., 8(t) z t2t-126.

@ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. l,