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Review of Otolith Studies in Fishes of India

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Review of Otolith Studies in Fishes of India Voyager: Voll. V Dec. 2011, 88-9i: 2011 ,SS,V..097&7436 : INDEXED AND ABSIRACTED 88 REVIEW OF OTOLITH STUDIES + INFISHES OFINDIA Shub\ia Mathur, Seema Jain, Manu Vanna andAnumohini Department Of Zoology,R.GP.G College, Meerut Introduction Otoliths are the most reliable Otoliths are dense calcareous bony ageing structure in a number of fish sfrncture found in the inner ear of fishes. species. There is significant conelation Hearing and balancing functions are between otolith length and weight with carried out by this part. They are the fish size. It is useful to determine the first had part formed in the fi sh and grow age of the candidate species. The continuously by successive deposition knowledge of age and growth of an of mineral-rich calcium carbonate econornically important fi sh is essential (aragonite) and protein-rich layers. for understanding the age composition Otoliths are metabolically inert, not of the stocks and the role of various zubject to reabsorption and remodelling class-years in the fisheries. It is also by grow0r and tlreir ctraracteristic shape essential to determine the mortality and will not be affected by fi sh preservation. sr.rnrival rate ofvarious year-classes and Having these qualities, otoliths proved success of the yearly broods after themselves as good recorders of life recnritnent The age of fistres at different historyofthe fish and its surrounding periods oftheirlives is determined after environment. While the otolith the study ofthe growth rings found in morphology is species-specific, the the otoliths, scales and other bony parts. pattem of growth rings in an otolith Recent studies on otolith helped to microstructure reveals the age and provide a reliable estimate of age temporal growth of the fish in relation to information with accurate and precision the environmental conditions whereas of clear growth pattern in life stages. the elemental composition can answer Otolith is widely used in the study of questions on its prmccupied and cunent stod$ identificationessential forfislreries habitat features. Avast array ofresearch management Accordingly, knowledge has been conducted on a wide variety ofage and growth is ofvital importance offishes based on otolith analyses. in the fi sheries management. @ 2014 Joumal Anu Eooks Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. l. Voyager: Voil. U Dec.2014,88-95:2014 89 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED Recent studies illustrate how Saetersdal (1958) is that the otolith otoliths microstructure data have been being a more sensitive organ than the used to reveal environmental influences scales records smaller changes in the onlarvalgrowtlqtaitsthatleadtohigher conditions of the fish than does the (1961) survivorship ryechanisms of, larval scales. Venkatasubba Rao transport, dynarnics of dispersai and studied the age of "Ghol", populationconnec{vitywerecarriedout Pseudosciaena diacanthus and statistically si}nificant difference (Lacepede) using scales and otoliths. betweenthemwas found. Narayanan Kutty (1962) described In the presentlaPer the recent scales and otoliths of the koth developments made in India in this Otolithoides brunneus as age discipline of fishery biology is briefly indicators. In Pseudosciaena reviewed. diacanthus the annuli ranged from a NationalReview single one in afish of 44.6 cm (mean Work on fish otoliths was length) to as many as eight in fish of 1 1 5.3 also showed initiated in India in thirties by Rao cmmean lenglh. Otoliths opaque zones, the distances (l 935) on Psettodes erumei. hyaline and between successive hyaline zones being Chacko et al (1948) worked measured and taken for back- on the radii ofthe scales of Hilsa ilishs calculation ofthe fish lengtts at different (Ham.) as an index ofgrowth and age. ages. Narayanan Kutty (1962) found Chidambaram and KrishnamurthY cne annulus in the smallest specimen of (1951) presented growth rings in the 140-149 cm (mean length) in. In both rnackerel otoliths. Seshappa et o1.., the species the results from scales and (1951); Seshappa and Bhimachar otoliths were in fair agreement. (1951, 1955); Seshappa's (1958) Krishnayya (1968) worked on the use described growth annuli inthe scales of otoliths in the determinations of age ofthe' ghol' P s eudos ciaerw diacanthus and growth of the Gangetic whiting, and Chidambaram et al., (1951) Sillago panyzs (Ham.) in the Hooghly observed growthrings inthe otoliths of Estuary. Srinivasa Rao (1971) also the Indian mackerel Rastrellliger conoborated the validity ofthe rings and kanagurta Russel. Radhakrishnan nafure in the 'ghol'. He also and Campana (1954) described their annual found a larval ring (perhaps equivalent occurrence of growth rings on the to the larval ring reported by other otoliths of the Indian whiting, Sillago authors in some fishes) but he differed sihama. One of the causes for the from Venkatasubba Rao (1961) who formation of 'larval rings' as stated by @ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues' l. Voyager: Voll. Dec. 2014, 88-95: 2014 V 90 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED thought that the cause of annuli Gujarat and Maharashtra coasts, and formation was multiple, including both found I , 2 , 3 and 4 annuli respectively external (environmental) factors and in the fi sh measuring24.6, 3 4.6, 46.5 inherent physiological rhythms in the and 52.0 cm respectively in length. He fishes. observed that temperature is responsible SestrHppa ( I 972) discussed the for the formation of the rings and that problem of agg"determination in the they were not spawning marks because Indian macferel, Rastrelliger two rings were already formed when the kanagurta (Cuvier) by means of scales frst spawning occurred. and otoliths. Muglya (1972) studied Jayaprakash (1973) made a aberrant sagittas of teleostean fishes. preliminary study on the use of vertebrae Qasim (1973) stated that most of the of fish for age determination. There is tropical fishes have a short life span of no literature available on the biology of 2-3 years and mature when they are I - this fish. Hence investigation was 2years old, except a few species such undertaken by the auilror from January as Otolithoides brunneus, Trichiurus 1970 on its biolory. His work deals wittr haume la, P s eudo s ciaena dia- c anthus the age and gro*th ofthejuveniles based and Lethrinus lentjan, and those fishes on a study of length-frequency from inland waters of northern India distibutioru scales and otoliths. showing well defined seasonal cycles of The Indian estuarine fi sheries growth. Jayaprakash (197 6) described consist ofseveral edible fishes ofwhich age and growth using otoliths of the nine species of whitings belonging to juveniles of koth, Otolithoides Family Sillaginidae (Genus: S illago). brunneus (Day) in Bombay waters. These species are found distibrrted from Karakiri et al., (1989) presented the Hooglyestuary inthe eastcoastto preliminary notes on the formation of the Bhadreswar estuary in the west coast daily increments in otoliths of (BalandRao, 1984). Oreochromis aureus and described Nolf (1 99 1) described a small daily gowttrpattems in otolittrs oflarval fauna from the middle to late Eocene and juvenile plaice Pleuronectes from eastern Pakistan, followed by a platessa as influenced by temperature, more substantial paper on middle salinity and light conditions. Deshmukh Eocene otoliths from India and Java (1973) found good annuli in both scales (Nolf &Bajpai, 1992). Seshappa, and otoliths in the 'karkara' Pomadasys (1999) explained thatAge and growttr- hasta and studied them for about six rate are two important parameters which years from the tawler landings along the influence population dynamics in @ 2014 Joumal Anu Books Authors are responsible for any plagiarism issues. A Voyager: Voil. U Dec. 2A14 88-95: 2014 ISSN :0976-7436 : INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED fishes..Generally,ageoffishesestimated otoliths from the Ypresian of Vastan, by enumerating the growth marks laid Gujarat. down in otoliths and other skeletal Jawad(2007) presented a structures such as vert€brae, dorsal comparative morphology of the otoliths spine, opercular-bones, pectoral spines, ofthe tiple fins(Family: Tripterygiidae). scales 0r fin rays (Pollock, 1981; Bal Saini et al., (2008) described and Rao, I 984; Polgt and Gumus, 1995; comparative morphometrics of two Seshappa, 1999)l Seshappa (1999) populations of giant river cafrsh (lt lysttts explained recent studies on age seenghala) from the Indus River determination of Indian fishes using system. K. V. Radhak'rishnan et al scales, otoliths and other hard parts. (2009),explained that Otoliths are the The first Ypresian otoliths from biological CD-ROMs of fish and the India were mentioned by Samant otolith applications can be classified &Bajpai(200 I ),who figured six taxa, under the following aspects: (l )Age and withtentative identifications at the frmilial growth estimatior\ (2) Early life history orsub-ordinal level. Finally, Bajpai and recruitment, (3) Habitat shifts and Kapur (2004) describedtwo species of migration, (4) Stock determination and gobiods, at the Vastan Lignite Mine (5) others. (Ypresian ),which is the same locality Shamshan et ol (2010) has th,at provided the otoliths sttudied herein. worked on the study of age and growth Samant et al., (2001) studied fish of Indian sand wliting , Silago siharna otoliths fromthe subsurface Cambay from Zuari estuary, Goa. Sukar et al, Shale (Lower Eocene), Surat Lignite (2010) studied biodiversity, Field, Gujarat(ndra). ecohydrology, threat status and Bajpai et
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