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Doctor of Vbilozopbp L1 STUDIES ON SOME ASPECTS OF BIOLOGY OF SELECTED FRESHWATER TELEOST FROM RIVER GANGA THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF ]Doctor of Vbilozopbp IN ZOOLOGY Submitted By SHAHISTA KHAN Under the Supervision of DR. MOHAMMAD AFZAL KHAN SECTION OF FISHERY SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) :- I 2013 L1 Phone (External 2700920121-3430 l Internal 3430, 3431 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH - 202 002 INDIA ctions 1 ENTOMOLOGY £/FISHERY SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE D. ......................./No ZO ....................: 3 GENETICS 4 NEMATOLOGY 5 PARASITOLOGY Dated..QL:10.,2-013 ........................... CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Studies on some aspects of biology of selected freshwater teleost fronifromriver Ganga" has been completed under my supervision by Ms. Shahista Khan. The work is original and independently pursued by the candidate. It embodies some interesting observations contributing to the existing knowledge on the subject. I permit the candidate to submit the thesis for the award of PhD Degree in Zoology. (Or. Mofiammad'Afza(Kjan) Assistant cProfessor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS first and foremost I express rrry profound sense of fionour and gratitude to 'TheAGmighty fLLA2Cfor'1is great mercy and choicest blessings geuerous(y bestowed upon Inc. without which I caul( have never seer the completion of ray ref.(D. work I awe my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. MohammadAf a( 7(han for his keen interest, skiCCf rlguidmug va(ua6(e suggestions, kindness and tumefy lie1p during the entire study programme that fed to preparation of this manuscript. I am thaukr( to cProf. Irfan AGmad, Chairman, rDepartmeat of Zoology, Aligarh sLlustm 'University, A(igar6, for al/biting me to avail the necessary laboratory and(i6rary facilities to carry out the worksuccessful(y. It is my pleasure to offer sincere thanks to my teachers of the 4ishreries section Prof. Igba( Parwez, Prof mukfitarA6umd ?Can and t)r. S'a(tanat Parveen. I am hzgfi(y dehig/teditt paying mygratitude to 'Prof 'tj<antif 'Usrnan Or. g.CJ.'XA. S(eada6 and ®r. Ayesha Qamar for their (efp whenever neededd I am greatly indebted to the University grant Commission !UGC. Neo Debi, Inr(ia, forprovirfing firiancia(suppori in the form of htau(nna.zird SM1rational i ethozvship (1i 4WT) for my research work., I wish to express my sincere thanks to my senior and (a6 mate 1WK Xais6 711iyan for his immense help dunng the collection offish. samples, 'During this work I have co/Ta6orated with many co/Teagues for whom I have great regard, and 1 wish to eiçtend my warmest gratefulness to ald those who have [elpcd me wit ii my uark I a Ii ' h fl j(tted in paying my grit toile to my seniors ,i)' ti1u fleet ,4l uii ,Safi, Dr. 1,Vagina, my 1a6 mates Sabah, Salnzall 'i fall, _f Iq ',1rair Shahi aluf It y_ f r ends vzma fl f mna(f Dr. Shama Islam,,, Dr. S6aista &Ba►Io, t•1112aliu1tif Sidficiui,,1"asn'e,► ' `1,fa11, Jf16i6a Qufi'i, I7~1(iassulll ' elllliat , 'Tuba 'Zafi1; Irani 'Iy/,an, Sauna 'Kausar, -:1'eefu Sing/i, `Nawr to Cha,u'rffary, Sflalqua, Dr. ,Sye[f '1fassa11 :11e/!cf and 'Ifrifesf for tfelr kimlcf support and guicfa►tce that has been c fgreat value in this study. fy deepest gratitu~fe an~f affection goes to the I110st precious gift e f rcod, my lovilig parents Mr. Q7rfeer;-16111ad'A7ia11► ancf:1lrs. S6ahalla -K,lian, qtr 6ei11g a source of unseen, 6►It not ull/ieanfstrt'►►gtli. They form the 6ac/ bone aluf origin (f my happiness. 'Their lave, care a►tcf support e►►ahfed mime to complete 111 y 1, /i.O. thesis. I onri'e my most sincere gratitucfe to 111r. Igbaf)1fi, 1rs. ifumaira i3equmn, ratrc•eer )1Iiuiacf Kf►an, 7r., Timseef'Ifllnacf k/ia1►, Traveirf Igbaf Obaicf Igqbaf, .Saida Qadeer, Sa)►a Iglaf amid' Il sba 'kfan for their 111►ceasimigry pr111 'i1 for 111 success. '( t )rd c fad to express my appreciation and indebtedness to my fate bqrrt'M grallf father, :.v1r. _;1 ►seer 41l ilad '1[,6a1► for his prayers, blessings amu affe'ctiorl, (('/10 'were it constant source of inspiration amuf always with me as it great s►Ippo17 alit! motivation which inade Ile realize the dream. ILL; (SFiahista kfcan) STUDIES ON SOME ASPECTS OF BIOLOGY OF SELECTED FRESHWATER TELEOST FROM RIVER GANGA ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF doctor of 1jiio~vp~jp IN ZOOLOGY Submitted By SHAHISTA KHAN Under the Supervision of DR. MOHAMMAD AFZAL KHAN SECTION OF FISHERY SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2013 ,ply ~y lltrrISn ~ . ` ;, Basic biological data are the foundation can which all assessments o1' fisheries resources are built. Ades of' fishes can he estimated usin~I a \ ariety of hard parts such as scale.. otuliths. uhercular bones. \crtehrae, fin rays spines etc. t)ne ut the main problems in ace and IIro th studies is the Selection of the most suitable structure to ace the fish. Some hard parts pros isle more accurate and precise estimates of' age than others. ('unsequentl), age estimation is of accompanied by se\ eral sources of error that can ha\ e significant efiircts on many population parameter estimates. 'I lherelore, identification of species-Specific structure(s) fi>t' precise age estimation is highly \\arrantecl. A measure of precision is considered a \aluahle tool for the assessment Of the relative ease of' age determination as well as reproducibility of age estimates fi-um different structures,' age readers. As the age of a fish and its gru\\th are elu,el) t'elated, the assessments of age and growth rate are conducted together. The rate of growth varies in fishes from species to species, and fir the same fish from different localities, as it is influenced h\ \ariuus factors. C'al~ulation of growth parameters based on precise age estimates. Iength-~v<ight relationship, length-length relation"luih and condition latter of fish in a selected cmironment are all considered to have significant value in the studies related to suaainahility and management of the target fish species. I herefore, the present study was undertaken %% ith a \ ic\\ to evaluate and compare age estimate, li'um difi rent ageing structures (scale,. otuliths, ohercular hones, vertebrae and fin ray, spines); to lit the age-len~stlh data to the ' on lierta kin 11. -,ru\\1h model: and to in\e,tigate the length- eight relationship (L\1'IZ), length-length relationship (LE.R) and condition factor (K) in some important li'esheater telecasts \iz., C pkFlr/rcF /ocrr•rrlirr.S. Cch(uruu /frrrrctatcl. L(lheo /)(rnkl, lft fihu/)hlhuIlnpchIlr1•.S rnulitdaV .11cr.Stuc'Cnthc'ltr.' crrttrunrs, flc tc ruprrc rrstes fu.ssifis, (lurius uric fnrur.s, ( 'furies hcrn•crc•lurs, I1 cpilcr,u ult/r and Uwcpuk uhc%r. Standard procedures \\ err IbIlo ecf to prepare and stud) the age structures Age estimates from dilicremt structure; were compared by tabulating the peckntmee 01' agreement (PAL average percentage of error (API: ). and coefficient of \ ,rriation (('V and 1 b\ constructing age bias plots. Age estimates were e\aluated between readers and bete cell pairs of ageing structures. I he age and total length data \\ err used I,Or estimating the parameters of von BertalanII growth equation. Boo ncriurelllcllns \\crc taken as per the standard procedures to study length- eight relationship. length-length relationship and condition factor. Appropriate statistical tools \\ere applied on the data to inter concrete conclusions li-c►m the stud. In C'. llfu'u/!lf.s (\=265), percentage of' awrcenlent het\secll reader's ae estimates was highest fi►r scales (90.5%) li►Ilo\\ed by, otoliths (S3.Wu), opercular bones (S1°u), \ertehrae (70.7 ) and dorsal fill rays (66.4%). \1 hen age estimates ot' scales \\ ere compared \\ ith other alternative structures, highest PA \%as found hct\\ ccn scales \ >. otoliths tollo\\ ed by scales \ s. upercular bones, scales vs. vertebrae and scales \ s. dorsal fill ra\ s. In C. Ininclutu (N- 221 1. P.\ of' ages het\s een readers was highest fi►r otoliths (97.4"0) followed by opercular bones (89.5°o), scales and \ertehrac I"~.`Y . 11 hen otoliths age estimates \\ere compared \\itll other aieing structures. least nie M lf•rcllCe \\ as ohser\ ed bet\\ CCII otoliths \ s. opercular hones age estimates as indicated b\ highest PA and to gist API: and CV \aloes Ii)Ilo\\ed by otolhtlls \ S. scales and otoliths vs. \ ertebrae. In L. hula (N=250). PA of ages bets\ eesl the ake readings of two independent readers was highest li0r scales (S7%) toIlosseci by opercular bones ti I.2°o . \ ertehrae (75.9%) and otoliths t?6°'o age estimates \s ere compared v ith other alternative structures, highest PA and to gist APE and (\ \ ;Ilu: s \\ ere futuld bet \ een scales \',. upercufar hones. f illo\\ ecl by scales \ s. \ ertebrae and scales \ s. otolitlts. In /1. molitrr.r (N — ISO). PA hemecil the a,e estimates of, t\\ a independent readers \\ as highest for opercular bones (59.4°„) followed by \ ertebrae (70%), scales I6I.) and otoliths (47.1"0l. When opercular hone age estimates were Compared s\ith other alternative structures, highest PA and lo\\est APE amid ('V \aloes \s crc found het \\ ccn opercular hones vs. vertebrae. follo\wed by opercular hones vs. "ca lc' :Ind ohcrcular hones \s. otoliths. In .l1 (11•mu,,Iu.' (N -N5I. PA het\\een the age readings of t\\o independent readers \\as highest for \ertehrae (S0.7') t'ollo\\ed by opercular hones (65.6%) and pectoral spines (62 When \ertebrae age estimates \\ere Compared \\ith other alternative structures, highest PA and Io\\est .\I'I: and (V values 's crc I'Mund between \ crtehrae \ s.
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