DOCSLIB.ORG

Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin's Middle Novels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin's Middle Novels Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2008 Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin’s Middle Novels, 1799–1817 Lisa-Marie Lynn Butler Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Butler, Lisa-Marie Lynn, "Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin’s Middle Novels, 1799–1817" (2008). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1054. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1054 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46145-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46145-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. Canada Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin's Middle Novels, 1799-1817 by Lisa-Marie Lynn Butler B.A. (Waterloo, 2000) M.A. (Wilfrid Laurier, 2001) B.Ed. (Toronto, 2007) DISSERTATION Submitted to the Department of English and Film Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy Wilfrid Laurier University 2008 Butler 2008© i Abstract In the tumultuous period of the 1790s, the English anarchist philosopher William Godwin was a seminal figure whose 1793 Enquiry Concerning PoliticalJustice and Its Influence on Morals and Happiness stood as a touchstone for the reform movement in Britain. Godwin is primarily known today as the author of Political Justice and Things As They Are; Or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams, a 1794 novel which many readers, past and present, have regarded as a fictionalized allegory of the philosophical claims outlined in Political Justice. Although his fame as a novelist largely rests on this one popular novel, Godwin wrote and published five more novels after Caleb Williams: St. Leon (1799); Fleetwood (1805); Mandeville (1817); Cloudesley (1830); and, finally, Deloraine (1833). Other than Caleb Williams, however, Godwin's novels are little read today, even by specialists in the literature of the period. Moreover, relative to Caleb Williams, these other novels have received only marginal critical attention. The bulk of the scholarly work on Godwin still tends to focus on either his Political Justice or Caleb Williams. Furthermore, most earlier studies of Godwin's novels have placed his texts in an almost exclusive dialogue with the radical "jacobin" political climate of 1790s England, or with the philosophical rationalism of Political Justice. My own examination of Godwin's fiction differs in emphasis from most of these earlier studies in its sustained focus on the development of masculine identity within the context of personal agency, language, and modes of self-expression. I take as my starting point Godwin's Enquirer. Reflections on Education, Manners, and Literature, a 1797 ii collection of essays in which he puts forth an educational theory for the proper development of virtue, benevolence, and rational potential in the young mind. In the Enquirer, Godwin details the pedagogical and social conditions necessary for the creation of an "active" and "well regulated" mind committed to benevolence and reason. He also acknowledges, however, the blighting effects of "unfavourable circumstances" in childhood-the range of unpropitious pedagogical and social conditions that conspire to produce a mind that is not "well regulated." As I argue in this study, Godwin's educational theory carries within it a model of ww-education that serves as a productive framework for examining his fiction. In this study, I provide readings of four of Godwin's novels-Ca/e& Williams, St. Leon, Fleetwood, and Mandeville-examming how this model of "mis-education" operates in all four texts in distinctly different ways, shaping the psychological development of the protagonists in such a way that their later years are marked by crises in their experience of identity and, more specifically, in their sense of masculine authority. Although a handful of critics have briefly examined the forms of "mis- education" experienced by each of these Godwinian heroes, none has explored the effects of such mis-education within the context of identity formation-that is, on the hero's ability to self-actualize without the experience of profound personal and social alienation. This study thus offers a detailed examination of a cluster of interdependent themes that has received little or no critical attention in the scholarly examinations of these four novels: the central role that education, as the totalizing effect of one's childhood lessons and experiences, has on the moral and psychological development of iii the subject, and-more specifically-how unfavourable circumstances conspire, in these texts, to create forms of "mis-education" that lead to later crises in identity and subjectivity; the importance of personal agency in the development of the subject-specifically, the ability to have "authorship" over the narratives of one's life; the roles that language, self-expression, the imagination, and social convention play in the development of such agency and in the formation of an especially masculine identity; and, finally, the mediating function of women in the development of this masculine identity. The readings offered in this study should enrich the critical discussion of Godwin's fiction, especially as such discussion relates to themes of gender and identity formation. iv Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisors on this project-Professors Kenneth W. Graham, Markus Poetzsch, and Eleanor Ty-for their insightful comments, support, and patience. To my family, with much love-Mom, Dad, Shannon, Nan, and Grandpa. And to my husband Antony, who made so much of this possible. v Table of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgments iv Table of Contents v Introduction: Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin's Middle Novels 1 Chapter 1: The Weil-Regulated Mind: Enlightenment, Education, and Caleb Williams 33 Chapter 2: In the Circle of the Hearth: St. Leon's Domestic Threats to Masculine Identity 72 Chapter 3: Forming Her to His Mind: Fleetwood's Authorship of Consumption 133 Chapter 4: Chained Up in Silence: Language and Alienation in Mandeville 197 Conclusion: "Of History and Romance": Modern Man and the Dystopian World of Godwin's Fiction 249 Endnotes 256 Works Cited 274 1 Mis-Education and the Crisis in Male Subjectivity: William Godwin's Middle Novels For the general student of literature, William Godwin (1756-1836) is more famous for his connections to other writers of the Romantic Period than he is for his own considerable philosophical and literary achievements. As the husband of feminist philosopher and novelist Mary Wollstonecraft, the father of novelist Mary Shelley, the father-in-law of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the philosophical mentor of the young William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Godwin serves as a pivotal, yet often marginalized, figure in the network of literary relationships that gave such momentum to the intellectual and artistic energy of the Romantic Age. Godwin was not always so marginalized, however. In the tumultuous period of the 1790s-when the social and political agitation of reform-minded "radicals," energized by the recent events of the French Revolution, threatened the conservative hegemony of Georgian England-Godwin was a seminal figure whose 1793 Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Our Debt to Mary Wollstonecraft, Moral and Intellectual Pioneer for Women
    Our Debt to Mary Wollstonecraft, Moral and Intellectual Pioneer for Women By Susan Roberts I teach a course entitled Leadership in Writing at the United States Coast Guard Academy that includes both male and female Officer Candidates. The women in my class are strong and unafraid to accept challenges. They perform jobs often seen as men’s work, live by the Coast Guard’s Core Values of Honor, Respect and Devotion to Duty, and balance their time between being on active duty and being wife, mother, or both. In our classes, we focus on examples of leadership in the military and civilian world. To mark Women’s History Month in March, I asked each Officer Candidate (OC) to select a female who exemplifies leadership and to present a speech about her. Their choices included Hillary Rodham Clinton, Sarah Palin, Margaret Thatcher, Queen Boudicca, Cleopatra, Elizabeth I, Sally Ride, Amelia Earhart, Rosa Parks, Susan B. Anthony, Mother Teresa, and Marie Curie. I responded by noting, “I see no one has claimed Mary Wollstonecraft.” A few moments of silence were followed by a series of questions: “Who is she?” “Is she in politics?” “Is she a writer?” “Why did you expect us to know her name?” and “Did she have anything to do with the Coast Guard?” I responded, “She was an eighteenth century writer. Women today owe her a debt of gratitude for we are beneficiaries of her ideas, which were quite revolutionary for her times. She advocated moral and intellectual education for women in a world where a woman’s voice rarely counted.” One of the handful of female OCs in class was curious enough to claim Wollstonecraft as the figure for her leadership speech, and all of the students were introduced to the life of this woman, the social changes she called for over two hundred years ago, and the impact of her work on opportunities for women then and now.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebels with a Cause: Revolutionary Syndicalism, Anarchism, and Socialism in Fin-De-Siècle France
    Rebels with a Cause: Revolutionary Syndicalism, Anarchism, and Socialism in Fin-De-Siècle France Andrew P. Miller History In his influential book, Revolutionary Syndicalism and French Labor, Peter Stearns presents the fin-de-siècle syndicalist movement in France as “a cause without rebels.” Stearns asserts that syndicalist leaders and intellectuals “produced distinctive and abundant rhetoric…yet they did not characterize French labor in their heyday and they did not set an enduring trend.”1 For Stearns, the revolutionary syndicalists failed to meet the workers’ material needs and paralyzed the unionist movement because they did not have a centralized leadership dedicated to pragmatic business and organizational practices. Bernard Moss comes to a similar conclusion, stating that the workers’ shift from “a cooperative strategy in alliance with the reformist middle class” to “a revolutionary strategy of class struggle” through loose federations and autonomous trade associations hampered the centralized discipline and political power of unions at the turn of the century.2 Stearns and Moss engage the French labor movement from very different perspectives, but in the end, both either discount or fail to recognize the specific ideals and moral tradition behind revolutionary syndicalism. Stearns’s concern with the importance of higher wages and job security conceals the fact that narrow, short-term gains were not the main objectives of the skilled labor force in the syndicalist movement. Moss, on the other hand, recognizes the ideological character of the movement, but fails to acknowledge that political socialism, as a path into twentieth-century industrial politics, eventually embedded the French syndicalists in the capitalist system they sought to overturn.
    [Show full text]
  • William Godwin and Frankenstein: the Secularization of Calvinism in Godwin's
    2.B.ç, q \ WILLIAM GODWIN AND FRANKENSTEIN: THE SECULARIZATION OF CALVINISM IN GODWIN'S PHILOSOPHY AND THE SUB-GODWINIAN GOTHIC NOVEL; WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE GOTHIC TO ROMANTICISM. This thesis was awarded the degree of Master of Arts 1n the Department of English at the University of Adelaide. Submitted by VIVIENNE ANN BELL, B.A. (l'lons) (Ade'l . ) in January 1993. A-..u .-1,..,{ ! ,,',, I + TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Summary 111 Statement by Candidate Acknowl edgement vi Introducti on 1 Part One: Pol 'iti cal Justi ce Preface 4 'l 'l Chapte r One : The M i enn i um 5 Chapter Two: Sandemanianism 'l 4 Chapter Three: Other Phi losophical Influences Upon Godwin 37 Chapter Four: Po'l i ti cal Justi ce 49 Part Two: Frankenste'in Preface 93 Chapter One: The Gothic 97 Chapter Two: Calvinism 119 Chapter Three: Frankenstein as Romantic Myth 138 Chapter Four: Rousseau's Inf 'luence 153 Chapter Fi ve: Conf 'l i cti ng Phì I osophì cal V i ewpoi nts 162 Chapter Six: Godwìn's Ph'i losophy and the Monster's Development 221 Chapter Seven: Victor's Idealism and Scepticism 251 Chapter Eight: The Inversion of the Neoplatonic Journey 272 1l Chapter Nine: Romantic Paradox, the Subl ime, and Irony 296 Conc I us'i on 364 Bi bl iography 367 iii SUMMARY The subject matter of thi s thesi s 'is Wi I I i am Godwin's @i-c.e and Mary Shel ley's Frankenstei n. My central argument is that there is a secularization of Ca]vinism in both Godwin's philosophy and the sub-Godwinian Gothic novel.
    [Show full text]
  • Anarchist Social Science : Its Origins and Development
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1974 Anarchist social science : its origins and development. Rochelle Ann Potak University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Potak, Rochelle Ann, "Anarchist social science : its origins and development." (1974). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2504. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2504 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANARCHIST SOCIAL SCIENCE: ITS ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT A Thesis Presented By ROCHELLE ANN POTAK Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the den:ree of MASTER OF ARTS December 1974 Political Science ANARCHIST SOCIAL SCIENCE: ITS ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT A Thesis By ROCHELLE AliN POTAK Approved as to style and content by: Guenther Lewy, Chairman of Committee Dean Albertson, Member — Glen Gordon, Chairman Department of Political Science December 197^ Affectionately dedicated to my friends Men have sought for aees to discover the science of govern- ment; and lo l here it is, that men cease totally to attempt to govern each other at allJ that they learn to know the consequences of their OT-m acts, and that they arrange their relations with each other upon such a basis of science that the disagreeable consequences shall be assumed by the agent himself. Stephen Pearl Andrews V PREFACE The primary purpose of this thesis is to examine anarchist thought from a new perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • The Yugoslav Communist Party: Decentralization and Reorganization
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1969 The Yugoslav Communist Party: Decentralization and Reorganization Barbara P. McCrea Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation McCrea, Barbara P., "The Yugoslav Communist Party: Decentralization and Reorganization" (1969). Master's Theses. 3081. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3081 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE YUGOSLAV COMMUNIST PARTY: DECENTRALIZATION AND REORGANIZATION by Barbara P. McCrea A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1969 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to Professor George R. Klein, who directed this thesis, and to Professors Jack C. Plano and William R. Ritchie, who offered much help and encouragement. The opportunity to participate in the 1967 Yugoslav Seminar was of incalculable value in the preparation of this thesis. My thanks go to the faculty, in the Department of Political Science, for encouraging me
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 
    introduction he early- and mid-nineteenth-century United States produced a T bewildering variety of individualists, in the sense of people who advocated the primacy of the human individual politically and of the particular thing metaphysically, and in the sense of seriously idiosyn- cratic persons who followed their own odd genius wherever it dragged them. It was, in many ways, a religious revival, but it soon sacrificed God on the altar of nonconformity. It produced undoubted geniuses of the caliber of Emerson, Fuller, Thoreau, Melville, Whit- man, and Hawthorne. It produced social reformers as pure and in- tense as any that the world has known—such as William Lloyd Garrison, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Captain John Brown. And it produced utopians who thought they could found a new social order—including Adin Ballou, John Humphrey Noyes, Amos Bron- son Alcott, and Josiah Warren. Like almost all of these astonishing and exasperating people, Josiah Warren hailed from New England. Like Garrison (and Ben Franklin, { 1 } 2 introduction Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and Albert Parsons) he was a printer. Like John Brown he was a revolutionist, though Brown was violent and Warren, by his own declaration, peaceful. Like Emerson and Whit- man, he sang, or in his case lectured, about free individuality and connected it to an understanding of the universe. Like Thoreau he loved simplicity and skill, and displayed them prodigiously as quali- ties of character and thought throughout his life. And like Ballou— and the rest of these people at one time or another—he loathed the state and took steps to fashion a life without it.
    [Show full text]
  • By and About Mary Wollstonecraft
    SECOND LIFE BOOKS, Inc. 55 Quarry Road * P.O. Box 242 Lanesborough, MA. 01237 (413) 447-8010 Fax (413) 499-1540 [email protected] Website: www.secondlifebooks.com By and About Mary Wollstonecraft 1. BENNETT, Betty T. MARY DIANA DODS, a gentleman and a scholar. NY: Morrow, (1991). First edn. 8vo, pp. 303. Fine in dj. [12878] $20.00 The story of Dods who is said to have impersonated two men: David Lyndsay and Walter Sholto Douglas, friends of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Bennett is a well-known Shelley scholar. 2. BLEASE, W[alter] Lyon. THE EMANCIPATION OF ENGLISH WOMEN. London: Constable, 1910. First Edition. 8vo, pp. 281. Bound in blue cloth stamped in gilt. Front hinge tender, a very good copy. [31535] $150.00 An attempt to describe the long struggle that women have made for their emancipation by a supporter of the movement. Chapters deal with women to the restoration of 1750, the beginning of reform, Mary Wollstonecraft, and woman suffrage. With a bibliography and index. 3. BURKE, Edmund. REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE ; and on the proceedings in certain societies in London relative to that event. In a letter intended to have been sent to a gentleman in Paris by the right Honourable ... Philadelphia: D. Humphreys for Young, Dobson, Carey and Rice,, 1792. Second American edn. (after the one issued in NY the previous year). 8vo, pp. [iv], 5-256. Bound in modern diced calf with morocco label. Little toned and stained but a very good copy. PMM 239 for the London edition; Bristol B7946; Evans 24157; Todd 53gg.
    [Show full text]
  • Rootlessness and the Subversive Power of Money in Godwin’S Caleb Williams and St
    Document generated on 09/29/2021 4:24 p.m. Lumen Selected Proceedings from the Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies Travaux choisis de la Société canadienne d'étude du dix-huitième siècle (De)Radicalism: Rootlessness and the Subversive Power of Money in Godwin’s Caleb Williams and St. Leon Aaron S. Kaiserman Volume 32, 2013 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1015485ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1015485ar See table of contents Publisher(s) Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies / Société canadienne d'étude du dix-huitième siècle ISSN 1209-3696 (print) 1927-8284 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Kaiserman, A. S. (2013). (De)Radicalism: Rootlessness and the Subversive Power of Money in Godwin’s Caleb Williams and St. Leon. Lumen, 32, 73–84. https://doi.org/10.7202/1015485ar All Rights Reserved © Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies / Société This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit canadienne d'étude du dix-huitième siècle, 2013 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ (De)Radicalism: Rootlessness and the Subversive Power of Money in Godwin’s Caleb Williams and St. Leon Aaron S. Kaiserman University of Ottawa It is unsurprising that William Godwin, a thinker whose major project was considered by critics to be an upheaval of all inherited tradition, would focus on questions of rootlessness in his first two novels.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Marxism & Socialism
    History of Marxism & Socialism: A Chart of Key Figures with Comments Dr. Rodney G. Peffer SOCIALIST SOCIALIST ANARCHISM ANARCHISM CLASSICAL UTOPIAN EVOLUTIONARY PROTO-SOCIAL IN EUROPE: IN UK & USA: MARXISM: SOCIALISM: SOCIALISM: DEMOCRACY 19th-Early 20th C. 19th-Early 20th C. 19th Century Late 18th Century- Late 19th Century Late 19th Century Mid 19th Century Pierre Proudhon William Godwin Karl Marx (Later) Fr. Engels Louis Blanc Mikhail Bakunin Johann Most Friedrich Engels Gracchus Babeuf Ferdinand Lassalle Daniel De Leon Louis Blanqui Oscar Wilde Eleanor Marx Saint-Simon William Morris1 William Morris2 Louise Michel James Connolly Wilhelm Liebknecht Auguste Comte Eduard Bernstein1 Eduard Bernstein2 Pietr Kropotkin Big Bill Haywood; August Bebel Charles Fourier Edward Bellamy; Henry George Leo Tolstoy Mother Jones; Joe Hill; Karl Kautsky Robert Owen Charlotte Gilmore Richard Ely Luigi Fabbri John Reed Georgi Plekhanov Perkins Victor Berger "LIBERAL" IMPORTANT NON- SOCIALIST HETERODOX MARXISTS/ CLASSICAL AUSTRO- MARXIST SOCIAL SOCIAL ANARCHISM ECONOMISTS SOCIALISTS i MARXISM: MARXISM SCIENTISTS DEMOCRACY Early-Mid 20th C. Early-Mid 20th C Early-Mid 20th C. Early-Mid 20th C. Early-Mid 20th C. Early-Mid 20th C Early-Mid 20th C. Emma Goldman J.M. Keynes Eugene V. Debs; Helen V.I. Lenin Rudolph Hilferding Emile Durkheim Jean Jaurès; Alexander Berkman; Michael Kalecki Keller; Antonie Panne- Leon Trotsky Otto Bauer Thorsten Veblin Sidney & Beatrice Ricardo Flores Magón; Nicholas Kaldor koek; G.D.H. Cole; Rosa Luxemburg Max Adler Max Weber Webb; G.B. Shaw; Rudolf Rocker; Gunnar Myrdal José Carlos Mariátegui; Karl Liebnecht Victor Adler Joseph Schumpeter Ramsay MacDonald; Buenaventura Duratti Joan Robinson Victor Serge; Andres Franz Mehring Karl Renner Talcott Parsons Leon Blum Lucía Sánchez Saornil Piero Sraffa Nin; George Orwell; Antonio Gramsci Otto Neurath C.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Prominent UU's from UUA Site at “Web
    List of prominent UU’s from UUA site at www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/ “web” means biography is on web site. 1 A Bela Bartok(1881-1945) web Matthew Caffyn, (1628-1714) Abiel Abbot (1765-1859) Cyrus Augustus Bartol (1813-1900) John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) web Francis Ellingwood Abbot (1836-1903) Clara Barton (1821-1912) Lon Ray Call (1894-1985) John Emery Abbot (1793-1819) Seth Curtis Beach (1839-1932) Calthrop, Samuel Robert (1829-1917) John Abernethy (1680-1740) web Charles Beard (1827-1888) Angus Cameron(1913-1996) web William Adam (1796-1881) web John Relly Beard (1800-1876) web Geoffrey Campbell Abigail Adams (1744-1818) web Jeremy Belknap (1744-1798) Ida Maud Cannon (1877-1960) Charles Francis Adams (1807-1886) Henry Whitney Bellows (1814-1882) Norbert Capek(1870-1942) web Hannah Adams (1755-1831) web Thomas Belsham (1750-1829) Julia Fletcher Carney (1823-1908) Henry Adams (1838-1918) Margret Jonsdottir Benedictsson (1866-1956) James Estlin Carpenter (1844-1927) James Luther Adams(1901-1994) web Georges de Benneville (1703-1793) Lant Carpenter (1780-1840) John Adams (1735-1826) web Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) Mary Carpenter (1807-1877) John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) web Henry Bergh (1811-1880) Sara Pratt Carr (1850-1935) Marian Hooper Adams (1843-1885) Giorgio Biandrata (16th cent) William Herbert Carruth(1859-1924) Sarah Flower Adams (1805-1848) John Biddle (1616-1662) Alice Cary (1820-1871) web Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz (1822-1907) Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914) Henry Montfort Cary (1878-1936) Conrad Aiken (1889-1973) Mary Billings Maude Simonton Cary (1878-1937) Lucy Aikin (1781-1861) Herman Bisbee (1833-1879) Phoebe Cary (1824-1871) web Thomas Aikenhead (1676-1698) web Antoinette Louisa Brown Blackwell (1825- Sebastian Castellio (1515-1563) Bronson Alcott (1799-1888) 1921) Mary Hartwell Catherwood (1847-1902) Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) web Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman Catt (1859- Horatio Alger, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Anarchism++PO53022A.Pdf
    Anarchism PO53022A (Spring 2013) Prof. Carl Levy Department of Politics Goldsmiths College University of London WT 708 Office Hours Mondays 2-4 [email protected] This unit focuses on the history, politics and ideology of anarchism chiefly from its origins in the nineteenth century to 1939. There will be a discussion of anarchism in the post-1945 period but the main aim of the unit is to trace the origins and development of anarchist ideology (Godwin, Stirner, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Malatesta, Goldman, etc.) and the associated social and labour movements in Europe and the Americas (from the Paris Commune of 1871 to the Spanish Civil War, 1936- 1939, and the Haymarket Riot of Chicago of 1886 and the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 to the Russian Revolution and Civil War of 1917-1921). We will investigate anarcho-collectivism, anarcho- communism, anarcho-individualism and anarcho-syndicalism. The relationship between anarchist movements and terrorism will also be discussed, but so too will the relationship of art and education to anarchism. But these will also be a substantial time devoted to anarchist-type movements and ideas, which developed throughout the world before 1800 and as well a discussion of the ‘ism’, anarchism, its reception and interchange with thinkers, ideas and movements in Asia and Africa. Course Aims To examine the concepts and values which are central to anarchist thought. To consider the place of anarchism in key historical events. 1 Learning Outcomes Be able to understand critically the nature of anarchism. Understand the place of anarchism in a broad historical context.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of William Godwin's Politictxl Ji/Stic'e
    HIlMAN PERFECTIBILITY AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATION: A STUDY OF WILLIAM GODWIN'S POLITICTXLJI/STIC'E by Mark A. Barrett A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research through the Department of Philosophy in Partial FulfiIment of the Requiremenrs for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 1999 1999 Mark A. Barrett Nationzl Library Bibliothèque nationale I*I of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON Kt A ON4 Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. British philosopher William Godwin (1 756- 183 6). in the tradition of the French Enlightenrnent, held a supreme faith in the power of reason and tnith to improve society and the human condition.
    [Show full text]