Introduction to the Human Rights Strategy
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Norden Och Internationella Mänskliga Rättigheter1
Mellan ambivalens och aktivism: Norden och internationella mänskliga rättigheter1 Johan Karlsson Schaffer, fil.dr. Forskare, Norsk senter for menneskerettigheter, Universitetet i Oslo Postboks 6706, St. Olavs plass 5, 0130 Oslo, Norge +47-41226217, [email protected] Antagen för publicering i Retfærd: Nordic Journal of Law and Justice, 40:1, 2017. 1 För konstruktiva kommentarer på tidigare versioner av denna uppsats vill jag tacka Anna Andersson, Bård Anders Andreassen, Cecilie Figenschou Bakke, Kjersti Bratha- gen, Agniezska Cybulska, Marie Demker, Anine Kierulf, Malcolm Langford och Kjetil M. Larsen. Jag vill också tacka Kiki Anastasia Japutra och Aled Dilwyn Fisher för hjälp med datainsamling. 1 Abstract In this paper, I ask why Nordic governments seem no longer to be forerunners in the expansion of the international human rights regime, in light of their historical engage- ment. Existing research tends to portray the Nordics as exceptional in terms of either their international commitment to human rights norms, or their domestic reluctance to- ward constitutionalism, judicial review and legal rights, and grounds their exceptional- ism in deep-seated value traditions within Nordic societies. This paper instead explores their external and internal rights policies as interconnected and as resulting from domes- tic agents actively mobilizing certain ideas. Covering the Nordic states’ roles in the es- tablishment and expansion of the global and European human rights regimes, and the subsequent repercussions of these institutions on the domestic orders in the Nordic countries, the article concludes by discussing the maturing institutionalisation of human rights in constitutional practice within the Nordic polities in recent years. Keywords Danmark, Europarådet, Finland, Island, konstitutionalism, mänskliga rättigheter, Nor- den, Norge, Sverige. -
A National Human Rights Action Plan – a Summary Skr
Written Communication A National Human Rights Action Plan – A summary Skr. 2001/02:83 Foreword At the UN World Conference on Human Rights that took place in Vienna in 1993, all states were recommended to consider drawing up national action plans in order to identify measures to improve the promotion and protection of human rights. Several states have followed this recommendation. The Swedish work started in May 2000 when an interdepartmental working group was appointed at the Ministry of Justice with the task of drawing up a proposal for a national action plan. Several informal reference groups (some 240 actors) were invited to take part in this work. The Swedish Government decided to adopt the national action plan in January 2002 as a written communication to the Parliament (the Riksdag). The action plan is to span over a three-year period and applies to 2002-2004. The national action plan describes, inter alia, Sweden’s responsibilities in this field, the long-term objectives of the Government and the role of various actors regarding work on human rights at the national level. It goes on to describe certain priority issues for further work in improving the promotion and protection of human rights, indicating how the Government intends to work with issues such as human rights education. Finally it discusses an information strategy, follow-up and evaluation mechanisms of the action plan. Britta Lejon Minister for Democratic Issues 1 Content Skr. 2001/02:83 1 The task............................................................................................. 4 2 National Action Plan for Human Rights........................................... 4 2.1 Purpose of the National Action Plan etc. -
An Inquiry Into the Compatibility of the Demo-Conditionality with State Sovereignty in International Law
An Inquiry into the Compatibility of the Demo-Conditionality with State Sovereignty in International Law An Inquiry into the Compatibility of Demo-Conditionality with State Sovereignty in International Law Special Focus: The Relations between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries Richard Juma Nyabinda Doctoral Thesis presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Auditorium Minus, Gustavianum, Uppsala, Friday, January 21st, 2011,at 10.15 for the degree of Doctor of Laws. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Juma-Nyabinda, R., 2009. An Inquiry into the Compatibility of the Demo-Conditionality with State Sovereignty in International law. With Special Focus on The European Union and the African, the Caribbean and the Pacific Countries Relations. Faculty of Law. 313 pp. ISBN 978-91-506-2170-9 This study examines the issue of compatibility of demo-conditionality with state sovereignty in international law. From a practical perspective, it examines the state of the science with respect to the enforcement of demo-conditionality, in the context of the unique relationship between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The practicality of any argument declaring certain norms to be compatible with state sover- eignty rests on an assumption that it is possible to distinguish which norms are compatible from those which are not. The validity of such an assumption depends on whether a universal workable test with which to draw this distinction, and its accompanying requirements, has been or can be developed. Therefore, the starting point of this study is to investigate whether such a universal test exists, and if so, what its requirements are. -
Human Rights in Times of Covid-19
HUMAN RIGHTS IN TIMES OF COVID-19: CAMPING ON SEESAWS WHEN BALANCING A STATE’S HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS AGAINST THE ECONOMY AND WELFARE OF ITS PEOPLE A HUMAN RIGHTS STUDY WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON HOW THE NPA-REGION IN SWEDEN LIVED UP TO ITS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC Katinka Svanberg Dr of Laws, Sweden April 2021 1 CONTACT: Katinka Svanberg, Dr of Laws and human rights expert, who completed this report as a Visiting Scholar at the University of Melbourne Law School, [email protected] Thomas Fisher, Director, CoDeL, [email protected] The views expressed within this report are those of the author This report was delivered as part of the NPA’s Covid-19 Response project focused on the economic impacts of Covid-19 (https://core.interreg-npa.eu/) The project involved the following partners and associated partners: https://core.interreg-npa.eu/ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 5 Part I. A Comparison Between the Impacts of the Spanish Flu and Covid-19 on the NPA-Region in Sweden 6 1. The Spanish Flu in Norrland 6 2. Covid-19 and Norrland 7 3. Conclusion 10 Part II: An Overview of Human Rights and of the Swedish Commitment to Human Rights in Accordance With its National Laws 12 1. Three Generations of Human Rights 12 2. Non-Derogable and Derogable Human Rights 14 3. Sweden's Human Rights Commitments 15 4. The National Level 16 Part. III. Did Sweden’s Covid-19 Policies Violate Human Rights? 17 1. The Swedish Strategy 17 2. Herd Immunity 17 3. -
Rape and Human Rights in the Nordic Countries
CASE CLOSED RAPE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES CASE CLOSED RAPE AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES The Danish, SWedish, Finnish and NORWegian sections OF AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL case closed taBle of contents 1. introduction 6 3. RAPE and human rights IN SWEDEN 45 1.1 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 7 3.1 SUMMARY 45 1.1.1 Rule of law 9 1.1.2 Support and assistance 10 3.2 INTERNATIONAL CRITICISM 46 1.1.3 Change of attitudes 10 3.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 46 1.2 RAPE IN THE NORDic COUNTRIES 11 3.3.1 History 46 3.3.2 Current law 47 1.3 A PRIORITY ISSUe – bUT STILL AN ALARMING REALITY 13 3.3.3 Rape provisions 47 1.3.1 Attrition 13 3.3.4 Sexual coercion 49 3.3.5 Levels of sanctions 49 2. RAPE and human rights in denmarK 15 3.3.6 Follow-up of the rape legislation 49 3.3.7 Amnesty International Sweden’s main concerns 51 2.1 SUMMARY 15 3.4 THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM 52 2.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 16 3.4.1 Unreported cases 52 3.4.2 Reported rapes 54 2.2.1 History 16 3.4.3 Different types of rape 55 2.2.3 Vice crimes as opposed to sexual crimes 18 3.4.4 Amnesty International Sweden’s main concerns 58 2.2.4 Level of sanctions 19 2.2.5 Criminal intention 20 2.2.6 Amnesty International Denmark’s main concerns 20 3.5 THE LEGAL JOURNEY 58 3.5.1 The decision to prosecute 60 2.3 THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM 21 3.5.2 Review of the prosecutor’s decision 62 2.3.1 Estimates of prevalence 21 3.5.3 Convictions 62 2.3.2 Acquaintance rape most common 21 3.5.4 The legal process in rape cases 63 2.3.3 Rape victims are young women 22 3.5.5 Rape investigations and investigative -
Sweden: a Cold Welcome
SWEDEN: A COLD WELCOME HUMAN RIGHTS OF ROMA AND OTHER ‘VULNERABLE EU CITIZENS’ AT RISK Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2018 Cover photo: Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons © Amnesty International Sweden (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2018 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: EUR 42/9403/2018 November 2018 Original language: English. amnesty.org CONTENTS A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 METHODOLOGY 11 1. CONTEXT 13 1.1 EU ROMA INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK AND NATIONAL ROMA INCLUSION STRATEGIES 15 1.2 PUBLIC RESPONSE TO THE ARRIVAL OF “VULNERABLE EU CITIZENS” AND DEBATE ON BEGGING 16 1.3 POLITICAL RESPONSES TO THE ARRIVAL OF “VULNERABLE EU CITIZENS” 18 1.4 THE DOMESTIC LEGAL LANDSCAPE RELEVANT TO “VULNERABLE EU CITIZENS” 20 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, RIGHT OF RESIDENCE AND THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD 20 “UNDOCUMENTED” OR NOT? 21 RESIDENCY STATUS AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL SERVICES 21 2. -
Integrating Human Rights Into Development
Public Disclosure Authorized THIRD EDITION Public Disclosure Authorized INTEGRATING HUMAN RIGHTS INTO Public Disclosure Authorized DEVELOPMENT DONOR APPROACHES, EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES Public Disclosure Authorized INTEGRATING HUMAN RIGHTS INTO DEVELOPMENT DONOR APPROACHES, EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES Third Edition © 2016 OECD and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 16 15 14 13 A copublication of The World Bank and the OECD. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the OECD. Note that The World Bank and the OECD do not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work. The World Bank and the OECD therefore do not warrant that the use of the content contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent, or the OECD. The World Bank and the OECD do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The bound- aries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank or the OECD concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank and the OECD, all of which are specifically reserved.