HUMAN RIGHTS IN TIMES OF COVID-19: CAMPING ON SEESAWS WHEN BALANCING A STATE’S HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS AGAINST THE ECONOMY AND WELFARE OF ITS PEOPLE A HUMAN RIGHTS STUDY WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON HOW THE NPA-REGION IN SWEDEN LIVED UP TO ITS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC Katinka Svanberg Dr of Laws, Sweden April 2021 1 CONTACT: Katinka Svanberg, Dr of Laws and human rights expert, who completed this report as a Visiting Scholar at the University of Melbourne Law School,
[email protected] Thomas Fisher, Director, CoDeL,
[email protected] The views expressed within this report are those of the author This report was delivered as part of the NPA’s Covid-19 Response project focused on the economic impacts of Covid-19 (https://core.interreg-npa.eu/) The project involved the following partners and associated partners: https://core.interreg-npa.eu/ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 5 Part I. A Comparison Between the Impacts of the Spanish Flu and Covid-19 on the NPA-Region in Sweden 6 1. The Spanish Flu in Norrland 6 2. Covid-19 and Norrland 7 3. Conclusion 10 Part II: An Overview of Human Rights and of the Swedish Commitment to Human Rights in Accordance With its National Laws 12 1. Three Generations of Human Rights 12 2. Non-Derogable and Derogable Human Rights 14 3. Sweden's Human Rights Commitments 15 4. The National Level 16 Part. III. Did Sweden’s Covid-19 Policies Violate Human Rights? 17 1. The Swedish Strategy 17 2. Herd Immunity 17 3.